passagemath-symbolics 10.8.1a1__cp311-cp311-macosx_13_0_arm64.whl

sage/geometry/hyperbolic_space/hyperbolic_geodesic.py

@@ -0,0 +1,2419 @@
+# sage_setup: distribution = sagemath-symbolics
+r"""
+Hyperbolic Geodesics
+
+This module implements the abstract base class for geodesics in
+hyperbolic space of arbitrary dimension.  It also contains the
+implementations for specific models of hyperbolic geometry.
+
+AUTHORS:
+
+- Greg Laun (2013): initial version
+
+EXAMPLES:
+
+We can construct geodesics in the upper half plane model, abbreviated
+UHP for convenience::
+
+    sage: g = HyperbolicPlane().UHP().get_geodesic(2, 3)
+    sage: g
+    Geodesic in UHP from 2 to 3
+
+This geodesic can be plotted using :meth:`plot`, in this example we will show
+the axis.
+
+::
+
+    sage: g.plot(axes=True)                                                             # needs sage.plot
+    Graphics object consisting of 2 graphics primitives
+
+.. PLOT::
+
+    g = HyperbolicPlane().UHP().get_geodesic(2.0, 3.0)
+    sphinx_plot(g.plot(axes=True))
+
+::
+
+    sage: g = HyperbolicPlane().UHP().get_geodesic(I, 3 + I)
+    sage: g.length()
+    arccosh(11/2)
+    sage: g.plot(axes=True)                                                             # needs sage.plot
+    Graphics object consisting of 2 graphics primitives
+
+.. PLOT::
+
+    sphinx_plot(HyperbolicPlane().UHP().get_geodesic(I, 3 + I).plot(axes=True))
+
+Geodesics of both types in UHP are supported::
+
+    sage: g = HyperbolicPlane().UHP().get_geodesic(I, 3*I)
+    sage: g
+    Geodesic in UHP from I to 3*I
+    sage: g.plot()                                                                      # needs sage.plot
+    Graphics object consisting of 2 graphics primitives
+
+.. PLOT::
+
+    sphinx_plot(HyperbolicPlane().UHP().get_geodesic(I, 3*I).plot())
+
+Geodesics are oriented, which means that two geodesics with the same
+graph will only be equal if their starting and ending points are
+the same::
+
+    sage: g1 = HyperbolicPlane().UHP().get_geodesic(1,2)
+    sage: g2 = HyperbolicPlane().UHP().get_geodesic(2,1)
+    sage: g1 == g2
+    False
+
+.. TODO::
+
+    Implement a parent for all geodesics of the hyperbolic plane?
+    Or implement geodesics as a parent in the subobjects category?
+"""
+
+
+# **********************************************************************
+#       Copyright (C) 2013 Greg Laun <glaun@math.umd.edu>
+#
+#  Distributed under the terms of the GNU General Public License (GPL)
+#  as published by the Free Software Foundation; either version 2 of
+#  the License, or (at your option) any later version.
+#                  https://www.gnu.org/licenses/
+# **********************************************************************
+
+from sage.functions.hyperbolic import sinh, cosh, arcsinh
+from sage.functions.log import exp
+from sage.functions.other import real, imag
+from sage.functions.trig import arccos
+from sage.geometry.hyperbolic_space.hyperbolic_constants import EPSILON
+from sage.matrix.constructor import matrix
+from sage.misc.functional import sqrt
+from sage.misc.lazy_attribute import lazy_attribute
+from sage.misc.lazy_import import lazy_import
+from sage.modules.free_module_element import vector
+from sage.rings.cc import CC
+from sage.rings.infinity import infinity
+from sage.rings.real_mpfr import RR
+from sage.structure.sage_object import SageObject
+from sage.symbolic.constants import I
+from sage.symbolic.constants import pi
+from sage.symbolic.ring import SR
+
+lazy_import("sage.plot.arc", "arc")
+lazy_import("sage.plot.line", "line")
+lazy_import("sage.plot.arc", "arc")
+lazy_import("sage.plot.bezier_path", "bezier_path")
+lazy_import('sage.geometry.hyperbolic_space.hyperbolic_isometry',
+            'moebius_transform')
+
+
+class HyperbolicGeodesic(SageObject):
+    r"""
+    Abstract base class for oriented geodesics that are not necessarily
+    complete.
+
+    INPUT:
+
+    - ``start`` -- a HyperbolicPoint or coordinates of a point in
+      hyperbolic space representing the start of the geodesic
+
+    - ``end`` -- a HyperbolicPoint or coordinates of a point in
+      hyperbolic space representing the end of the geodesic
+
+    EXAMPLES:
+
+    We can construct a hyperbolic geodesic in any model::
+
+        sage: HyperbolicPlane().UHP().get_geodesic(1, 0)
+        Geodesic in UHP from 1 to 0
+        sage: HyperbolicPlane().PD().get_geodesic(1, 0)
+        Geodesic in PD from 1 to 0
+        sage: HyperbolicPlane().KM().get_geodesic((0,1/2), (1/2, 0))
+        Geodesic in KM from (0, 1/2) to (1/2, 0)
+        sage: HyperbolicPlane().HM().get_geodesic((0,0,1), (0,1, sqrt(2)))
+        Geodesic in HM from (0, 0, 1) to (0, 1, sqrt(2))
+    """
+
+    #####################
+    # "Private" Methods #
+    #####################
+
+    def __init__(self, model, start, end, **graphics_options):
+        r"""
+        See :class:`HyperbolicGeodesic` for full documentation.
+
+        EXAMPLES::
+
+            sage: HyperbolicPlane().UHP().get_geodesic(I, 2 + I)
+            Geodesic in UHP from I to I + 2
+        """
+        self._model = model
+        self._start = start
+        self._end = end
+        self._graphics_options = graphics_options
+
+    @lazy_attribute
+    def _cached_geodesic(self):
+        r"""
+        The representation of the geodesic used for calculations.
+
+        EXAMPLES::
+
+            sage: A = HyperbolicPlane().PD().get_geodesic(0, 1/2)
+            sage: A._cached_geodesic
+            Geodesic in UHP from I to 3/5*I + 4/5
+        """
+
+        M = self._model.realization_of().a_realization()
+        return self.to_model(M)
+
+    @lazy_attribute
+    def _complete(self):
+        r"""
+        Return whether the geodesic is complete.  This is used for
+        geodesics in non-bounded models.  For these models,
+        ``self.complete()`` simply sets ``_complete`` to ``True``.
+
+        EXAMPLES::
+
+            sage: HyperbolicPlane().UHP().get_geodesic(1, -12)._complete
+            True
+            sage: HyperbolicPlane().UHP().get_geodesic(I, 2 + I)._complete
+            False
+            sage: HM = HyperbolicPlane().HM()
+            sage: g = HM.get_geodesic((0,0,1), (0,1, sqrt(2)))
+            sage: g._complete
+            False
+            sage: g.complete()._complete
+            True
+        """
+
+        if self._model.is_bounded():
+            return (self._start.is_boundary() and self._end.is_boundary())
+        return False  # All non-bounded geodesics start life incomplete.
+
+    def _repr_(self):
+        r"""
+        Return a string representation of ``self``.
+
+        EXAMPLES::
+
+            sage: UHP = HyperbolicPlane().UHP()
+            sage: UHP.get_geodesic(3 + 4*I, I)
+            Geodesic in UHP from 4*I + 3 to I
+
+            sage: PD = HyperbolicPlane().PD()
+            sage: PD.get_geodesic(1/2 + I/2, 0)
+            Geodesic in PD from 1/2*I + 1/2 to 0
+
+            sage: KM = HyperbolicPlane().KM()
+            sage: KM.get_geodesic((1/2, 1/2), (0, 0))
+            Geodesic in KM from (1/2, 1/2) to (0, 0)
+
+            sage: HM = HyperbolicPlane().HM()
+            sage: HM.get_geodesic((0,0,1), (0, 1, sqrt(Integer(2))))
+            Geodesic in HM from (0, 0, 1) to (0, 1, sqrt(2))
+        """
+
+        msg = "Geodesic in {0} from {1} to {2}"
+        return msg.format(self._model.short_name(),
+                          self._start.coordinates(),
+                          self._end.coordinates())
+
+    def __eq__(self, other):
+        r"""
+        Return ``True`` if ``self`` is equal to other as an oriented geodesic.
+
+        EXAMPLES::
+
+            sage: g1 = HyperbolicPlane().UHP().get_geodesic(I, 2*I)
+            sage: g2 = HyperbolicPlane().UHP().get_geodesic(2*I, I)
+            sage: g1 == g2
+            False
+            sage: g1 == g1
+            True
+        """
+        if not isinstance(other, HyperbolicGeodesic):
+            return False
+        return (self._model is other._model and
+                self._start == other._start and
+                self._end == other._end)
+
+    def __ne__(self, other):
+        """
+        Test unequality of ``self`` and ``other``.
+
+        EXAMPLES::
+
+            sage: g1 = HyperbolicPlane().UHP().get_geodesic(I, 2*I)
+            sage: g2 = HyperbolicPlane().UHP().get_geodesic(2*I, I)
+            sage: g1 != g2
+            True
+            sage: g1 != g1
+            False
+        """
+        return not (self == other)
+
+    #######################
+    # Setters and Getters #
+    #######################
+
+    def start(self):
+        r"""
+        Return the starting point of the geodesic.
+
+        EXAMPLES::
+
+            sage: g = HyperbolicPlane().UHP().get_geodesic(I, 3*I)
+            sage: g.start()
+            Point in UHP I
+        """
+        return self._start
+
+    def end(self):
+        r"""
+        Return the starting point of the geodesic.
+
+        EXAMPLES::
+
+            sage: g = HyperbolicPlane().UHP().get_geodesic(I, 3*I)
+            sage: g.end()
+            Point in UHP 3*I
+        """
+
+        return self._end
+
+    def endpoints(self):
+        r"""
+        Return a list containing the start and endpoints.
+
+        EXAMPLES::
+
+            sage: g = HyperbolicPlane().UHP().get_geodesic(I, 3*I)
+            sage: g.endpoints()
+            [Point in UHP I, Point in UHP 3*I]
+        """
+
+        return [self._start, self._end]
+
+    def model(self):
+        r"""
+        Return the model to which the :class:`HyperbolicGeodesic` belongs.
+
+        EXAMPLES::
+
+            sage: UHP = HyperbolicPlane().UHP()
+            sage: UHP.get_geodesic(I, 2*I).model()
+            Hyperbolic plane in the Upper Half Plane Model
+
+            sage: PD = HyperbolicPlane().PD()
+            sage: PD.get_geodesic(0, I/2).model()
+            Hyperbolic plane in the Poincare Disk Model
+
+            sage: KM = HyperbolicPlane().KM()
+            sage: KM.get_geodesic((0, 0), (0, 1/2)).model()
+            Hyperbolic plane in the Klein Disk Model
+
+            sage: HM = HyperbolicPlane().HM()
+            sage: HM.get_geodesic((0, 0, 1), (0, 1, sqrt(2))).model()
+            Hyperbolic plane in the Hyperboloid Model
+        """
+        return self._model
+
+    def to_model(self, model):
+        r"""
+        Convert the current object to image in another model.
+
+        INPUT:
+
+        - ``model`` -- the image model
+
+        EXAMPLES::
+
+            sage: UHP = HyperbolicPlane().UHP()
+            sage: PD = HyperbolicPlane().PD()
+            sage: UHP.get_geodesic(I, 2*I).to_model(PD)
+            Geodesic in PD from 0 to 1/3*I
+            sage: UHP.get_geodesic(I, 2*I).to_model('PD')
+            Geodesic in PD from 0 to 1/3*I
+        """
+
+        if isinstance(model, str):
+            model = getattr(self._model.realization_of(), model)()
+        if not model.is_bounded() and self.length() == infinity:
+            raise NotImplementedError("cannot convert to an unbounded model")
+        start = model(self._start)
+        end = model(self._end)
+        g = model.get_geodesic(start, end)
+        return g
+
+    def graphics_options(self):
+        r"""
+        Return the graphics options of ``self``.
+
+        EXAMPLES::
+
+            sage: g = HyperbolicPlane().UHP().get_geodesic(I, 2*I, color='red')
+            sage: g.graphics_options()
+            {'color': 'red'}
+        """
+        return self._graphics_options
+
+    def update_graphics(self, update=False, **options):
+        r"""
+        Update the graphics options of ``self``.
+
+        INPUT:
+
+        - ``update`` -- if ``True``, the original option are updated
+          rather than overwritten
+
+        EXAMPLES::
+
+            sage: g = HyperbolicPlane().UHP().get_geodesic(I, 2*I)
+            sage: g.graphics_options()
+            {}
+
+            sage: g.update_graphics(color = "red"); g.graphics_options()
+            {'color': 'red'}
+
+            sage: g.update_graphics(color = "blue"); g.graphics_options()
+            {'color': 'blue'}
+
+            sage: g.update_graphics(True, size = 20); g.graphics_options()
+            {'color': 'blue', 'size': 20}
+        """
+
+        if not update:
+            self._graphics_options = {}
+        self._graphics_options.update(**options)
+
+    ###################
+    # Boolean Methods #
+    ###################
+
+    def is_complete(self):
+        r"""
+        Return ``True`` if ``self`` is a complete geodesic (that is, both
+        endpoints are on the ideal boundary) and ``False`` otherwise.
+
+        If we represent complete geodesics using green color and incomplete
+        using red colors we have the following graphic:
+
+        .. PLOT::
+
+            UHP = HyperbolicPlane().UHP()
+            g = UHP.get_geodesic(1.5*I, 2.5*I)
+            h = UHP.get_geodesic(0, I)
+            l = UHP.get_geodesic(2, 4)
+            m = UHP.get_geodesic(3, infinity)
+            G = g.plot(color='red') +\
+                text('is_complete()=False',
+                     (0, 2),
+                     horizontal_alignement='left')
+            H = h.plot(color='red') +\
+                text('is_complete()=False',
+                     (0, 0.5),
+                     horizontal_alignement='left')
+            L = l.plot(color='green') +\
+                text('is_complete()=True',
+                     (5, 1.5))
+            M = m.plot(color='green') + text('is complete()=True',
+                                             (5, 4),
+                                             horizontal_alignement='left')
+            sphinx_plot(G+H+L+M)
+
+        Notice, that there is no visual indication that the *vertical* geodesic
+        is complete
+
+        EXAMPLES::
+
+            sage: UHP = HyperbolicPlane().UHP()
+            sage: UHP.get_geodesic(1.5*I, 2.5*I).is_complete()
+            False
+            sage: UHP.get_geodesic(0, I).is_complete()
+            False
+            sage: UHP.get_geodesic(3, infinity).is_complete()
+            True
+            sage: UHP.get_geodesic(2,5).is_complete()
+            True
+        """
+
+        return self._complete
+
+    def is_asymptotically_parallel(self, other):
+        r"""
+        Return ``True`` if ``self`` and ``other`` are asymptotically
+        parallel and ``False`` otherwise.
+
+        INPUT:
+
+        - ``other`` -- a hyperbolic geodesic
+
+        EXAMPLES::
+
+            sage: g = HyperbolicPlane().UHP().get_geodesic(-2,5)
+            sage: h = HyperbolicPlane().UHP().get_geodesic(-2,4)
+            sage: g.is_asymptotically_parallel(h)
+            True
+
+        .. PLOT::
+
+             g = HyperbolicPlane().UHP().get_geodesic(-2.0,5.0)
+             h = HyperbolicPlane().UHP().get_geodesic(-2.0,4.0)
+             sphinx_plot(g.plot(color='green')+h.plot(color='green'))
+
+        Ultraparallel geodesics are not asymptotically parallel::
+
+            sage: g = HyperbolicPlane().UHP().get_geodesic(-2,5)
+            sage: h = HyperbolicPlane().UHP().get_geodesic(-1,4)
+            sage: g.is_asymptotically_parallel(h)
+            False
+
+        .. PLOT::
+
+             g = HyperbolicPlane().UHP().get_geodesic(-2.0,5.0)
+             h = HyperbolicPlane().UHP().get_geodesic(-1.0,4.0)
+             sphinx_plot(g.plot(color='red')+h.plot(color='red'))
+
+
+        No hyperbolic geodesic is asymptotically parallel to itself::
+
+            sage: g = HyperbolicPlane().UHP().get_geodesic(-2,5)
+            sage: g.is_asymptotically_parallel(g)
+            False
+        """
+
+        p1, p2 = self.complete().endpoints()
+        q1, q2 = other.complete().endpoints()
+        return ((self != other) and ((p1 in [q1, q2]) or (p2 in [q1, q2])) and
+                self.model() is other.model())
+
+    def is_ultra_parallel(self, other):
+        r"""
+        Return ``True`` if ``self`` and ``other`` are ultra parallel
+        and ``False`` otherwise.
+
+        INPUT:
+
+        - ``other`` -- a hyperbolic geodesic
+
+        EXAMPLES::
+
+            sage: from sage.geometry.hyperbolic_space.hyperbolic_geodesic \
+            ....:   import *
+            sage: g = HyperbolicPlane().UHP().get_geodesic(0,1)
+            sage: h = HyperbolicPlane().UHP().get_geodesic(-3,-1)
+            sage: g.is_ultra_parallel(h)
+            True
+
+        .. PLOT::
+
+             g = HyperbolicPlane().UHP().get_geodesic(0.0,1.1)
+             h = HyperbolicPlane().UHP().get_geodesic(-3.0,-1.0)
+             sphinx_plot(g.plot(color='green')+h.plot(color='green'))
+
+        ::
+
+            sage: g = HyperbolicPlane().UHP().get_geodesic(-2,5)
+            sage: h = HyperbolicPlane().UHP().get_geodesic(2,6)
+            sage: g.is_ultra_parallel(h)
+            False
+
+        .. PLOT::
+
+             g = HyperbolicPlane().UHP().get_geodesic(-2,5)
+             h = HyperbolicPlane().UHP().get_geodesic(2,6)
+             sphinx_plot(g.plot(color='red')+h.plot(color='red'))
+
+        ::
+
+            sage: g = HyperbolicPlane().UHP().get_geodesic(-2,5)
+            sage: g.is_ultra_parallel(g)
+            False
+        """
+
+        A = self.reflection_involution()
+        B = other.reflection_involution()
+        return (A * B).classification() == 'hyperbolic'
+
+    def is_parallel(self, other):
+        r"""
+        Return ``True`` if the two given hyperbolic geodesics are either
+        ultra parallel or asymptotically parallel and ``False`` otherwise.
+
+        INPUT:
+
+        - ``other`` -- a hyperbolic geodesic in any model
+
+        OUTPUT:
+
+        ``True`` if the given geodesics are either ultra parallel or
+        asymptotically parallel, ``False`` if not.
+
+        EXAMPLES::
+
+            sage: g = HyperbolicPlane().UHP().get_geodesic(-2,5)
+            sage: h = HyperbolicPlane().UHP().get_geodesic(5,12)
+            sage: g.is_parallel(h)
+            True
+
+        .. PLOT::
+
+            g = HyperbolicPlane().UHP().get_geodesic(-2,5)
+            h = HyperbolicPlane().UHP().get_geodesic(5,12)
+            sphinx_plot(g.plot(color='green')+h.plot(color='green'))
+
+        ::
+
+            sage: g = HyperbolicPlane().UHP().get_geodesic(-2,5)
+            sage: h = HyperbolicPlane().UHP().get_geodesic(-2,4)
+            sage: g.is_parallel(h)
+            True
+
+        .. PLOT::
+
+            g = HyperbolicPlane().UHP().get_geodesic(-2.0,5.0)
+            h = HyperbolicPlane().UHP().get_geodesic(-2.0,4.0)
+            sphinx_plot(g.plot(color='green')+h.plot(color='green'))
+
+        ::
+
+            sage: g = HyperbolicPlane().UHP().get_geodesic(-2,2)
+            sage: h = HyperbolicPlane().UHP().get_geodesic(-1,4)
+            sage: g.is_parallel(h)
+            False
+
+        .. PLOT::
+
+            g = HyperbolicPlane().UHP().get_geodesic(-2,2)
+            h = HyperbolicPlane().UHP().get_geodesic(-1,4)
+            sphinx_plot(g.plot(color='red')+h.plot(color='red'))
+
+
+        No hyperbolic geodesic is either ultra parallel or
+        asymptotically parallel to itself::
+
+            sage: g = HyperbolicPlane().UHP().get_geodesic(-2,5)
+            sage: g.is_parallel(g)
+            False
+        """
+
+        A = self.reflection_involution()
+        B = other.reflection_involution()
+        return (A * B).classification() in ['parabolic', 'hyperbolic']
+
+    def ideal_endpoints(self):
+        r"""
+        Return the ideal endpoints in bounded models.  Raise a
+        :exc:`NotImplementedError` in models that are not bounded.
+
+        EXAMPLES::
+
+            sage: H = HyperbolicPlane()
+            sage: UHP = H.UHP()
+            sage: UHP.get_geodesic(1 + I, 1 + 3*I).ideal_endpoints()
+            [Boundary point in UHP 1, Boundary point in UHP +Infinity]
+
+            sage: PD = H.PD()
+            sage: PD.get_geodesic(0, I/2).ideal_endpoints()
+            [Boundary point in PD -I, Boundary point in PD I]
+
+            sage: KM = H.KM()
+            sage: KM.get_geodesic((0,0), (0, 1/2)).ideal_endpoints()
+            [Boundary point in KM (0, -1), Boundary point in KM (0, 1)]
+
+            sage: HM = H.HM()
+            sage: HM.get_geodesic((0,0,1), (1, 0, sqrt(2))).ideal_endpoints()
+            Traceback (most recent call last):
+            ...
+            NotImplementedError: boundary points are not implemented in
+             the HM model
+        """
+
+        if not self._model.is_bounded():
+            errtxt = "boundary points are not implemented in the " + \
+                     "{0} model".format(self._model.short_name())
+            raise NotImplementedError(errtxt)
+        if self.is_complete():
+            return self.endpoints()
+        return [self._model(k)
+                for k in self._cached_geodesic.ideal_endpoints()]
+
+    def complete(self):
+        r"""
+        Return the geodesic with ideal endpoints in bounded models.  Raise a
+        :exc:`NotImplementedError` in models that are not bounded.
+        In the following examples we represent complete geodesics by a dashed
+        line.
+
+        EXAMPLES::
+
+            sage: H = HyperbolicPlane()
+            sage: UHP = H.UHP()
+            sage: UHP.get_geodesic(1 + I, 1 + 3*I).complete()
+            Geodesic in UHP from 1 to +Infinity
+
+        .. PLOT::
+
+             g = HyperbolicPlane().UHP().get_geodesic(1 + I, 1 + 3*I)
+             h = g.complete()
+             sphinx_plot(g.plot()+h.plot(linestyle='dashed'))
+
+        ::
+
+            sage: PD = H.PD()
+            sage: PD.get_geodesic(0, I/2).complete()
+            Geodesic in PD from -I to I
+            sage: PD.get_geodesic(0.25*(-1-I),0.25*(1-I)).complete()
+            Geodesic in PD from -0.895806416477617 - 0.444444444444444*I to 0.895806416477617 - 0.444444444444444*I
+
+        .. PLOT::
+
+            PD = HyperbolicPlane().PD()
+            g = PD.get_geodesic(0, I/2)
+            h = g. complete()
+            m = PD.get_geodesic(0.25*(-1-I),0.25*(1-I))
+            l = m.complete()
+            sphinx_plot(g.plot()+h.plot(linestyle='dashed') +
+                        m.plot()+l.plot(linestyle='dashed'))
+
+        ::
+
+            sage: KM = H.KM()
+            sage: KM.get_geodesic((0,0), (0,1/2)).complete()
+            Geodesic in KM from (0, -1) to (0, 1)
+
+        .. PLOT::
+
+            g = HyperbolicPlane().KM().get_geodesic(CC(0,0), CC(0, 0.5))
+            h = g.complete()
+            sphinx_plot(g.plot()+h.plot(linestyle='dashed'))
+
+        ::
+
+            sage: KM.get_geodesic(-I, 1).complete()
+            Geodesic in KM from -I to 1
+
+        .. PLOT::
+
+            g = HyperbolicPlane().KM().get_geodesic(CC(0,-1), CC(1, 0))
+            h = g.complete()
+            sphinx_plot(g.plot()+h.plot(linestyle='dashed'))
+
+
+        ::
+
+            sage: HM = H.HM()
+            sage: HM.get_geodesic((0,0,1), (1, 0, sqrt(2))).complete()
+            Geodesic in HM from (0, 0, 1) to (1, 0, sqrt(2))
+
+        .. PLOT::
+
+            g = HyperbolicPlane().HM().get_geodesic((0,0,1), (1, 0, sqrt(2)))
+            h = g.complete()
+            sphinx_plot(g.plot(color='black')+h.plot(linestyle='dashed',color='black'))
+
+        ::
+
+            sage: g = HM.get_geodesic((0,0,1), (1, 0, sqrt(2))).complete()
+            sage: g.is_complete()
+            True
+
+        TESTS:
+
+        Check that floating points remain floating points through this method::
+
+            sage: H = HyperbolicPlane()
+            sage: g = H.UHP().get_geodesic(CC(0,1), CC(2,2))
+            sage: gc = g.complete()
+            sage: parent(gc.start().coordinates())
+            Real Field with 53 bits of precision
+        """
+
+        if self._model.is_bounded():
+            return self._model.get_geodesic(*self.ideal_endpoints())
+
+        from copy import copy
+        g = copy(self)
+        g._complete = True
+        return g
+
+    def reflection_involution(self):
+        r"""
+        Return the involution fixing ``self``.
+
+        EXAMPLES::
+
+            sage: H = HyperbolicPlane()
+            sage: gU = H.UHP().get_geodesic(2,4)
+            sage: RU = gU.reflection_involution(); RU
+            Isometry in UHP
+            [ 3 -8]
+            [ 1 -3]
+
+            sage: RU*gU == gU
+            True
+
+            sage: gP = H.PD().get_geodesic(0, I)
+            sage: RP = gP.reflection_involution(); RP
+            Isometry in PD
+            [ 1  0]
+            [ 0 -1]
+
+            sage: RP*gP == gP
+            True
+
+            sage: gK = H.KM().get_geodesic((0,0), (0,1))
+            sage: RK = gK.reflection_involution(); RK
+            Isometry in KM
+            [-1  0  0]
+            [ 0  1  0]
+            [ 0  0  1]
+
+            sage: RK*gK == gK
+            True
+
+            sage: HM = H.HM()
+            sage: g = HM.get_geodesic((0,0,1), (1,0, n(sqrt(2))))
+            sage: A = g.reflection_involution()
+            sage: B = diagonal_matrix([1, -1, 1])
+            sage: bool((B - A.matrix()).norm() < 10**-9)                                # needs scipy
+            True
+
+        The above tests go through the Upper Half Plane.  It remains to
+        test that the matrices in the models do what we intend. ::
+
+            sage: from sage.geometry.hyperbolic_space.hyperbolic_isometry \
+            ....:   import moebius_transform
+            sage: R = H.PD().get_geodesic(-1,1).reflection_involution()
+            sage: bool(moebius_transform(R.matrix(), 0) == 0)
+            True
+        """
+
+        ri = self._cached_geodesic.reflection_involution()
+        return ri.to_model(self._model)
+
+    def common_perpendicula(self, other):
+        r"""
+        Return the unique hyperbolic geodesic perpendicular to two given
+        geodesics, if such a geodesic exists.  If none exists, raise a
+        :exc:`ValueError`.
+
+        INPUT:
+
+        - ``other`` -- a hyperbolic geodesic in the same model as ``self``
+
+        OUTPUT: a hyperbolic geodesic
+
+        EXAMPLES::
+
+            sage: g = HyperbolicPlane().UHP().get_geodesic(2,3)
+            sage: h = HyperbolicPlane().UHP().get_geodesic(4,5)
+            sage: g.common_perpendicular(h)
+            Geodesic in UHP from 1/2*sqrt(3) + 7/2 to -1/2*sqrt(3) + 7/2
+
+        .. PLOT::
+
+            g = HyperbolicPlane().UHP().get_geodesic(2.0, 3.0)
+            h = HyperbolicPlane().UHP().get_geodesic(4.0, 5.0)
+            l = g.common_perpendicular(h)
+            P = g.plot(color='blue') +\
+                h.plot(color='blue') +\
+                l.plot(color='orange')
+            sphinx_plot(P)
+
+        It is an error to ask for the common perpendicular of two
+        intersecting geodesics::
+
+            sage: g = HyperbolicPlane().UHP().get_geodesic(2,4)
+            sage: h = HyperbolicPlane().UHP().get_geodesic(3, infinity)
+            sage: g.common_perpendicular(h)
+            Traceback (most recent call last):
+            ...
+            ValueError: geodesics intersect; no common perpendicular exists
+        """
+
+        if not self.is_parallel(other):
+            raise ValueError('geodesics intersect; ' +
+                             'no common perpendicular exists')
+        cp = self._cached_geodesic.common_perpendicular(other)
+        return cp.to_model(self._model)
+
+    def intersection(self, other):
+        r"""
+        Return the point of intersection of two geodesics (if such a
+        point exists).
+
+        INPUT:
+
+        - ``other`` -- a hyperbolic geodesic in the same model as ``self``
+
+        OUTPUT: a hyperbolic point or geodesic
+
+        EXAMPLES::
+
+            sage: PD = HyperbolicPlane().PD()
+        """
+
+        if self == other:
+            return self
+        elif self.is_parallel(other):
+            raise ValueError("geodesics don't intersect")
+        inters = self._cached_geodesic.intersection(other)
+        if len(inters) == 2:
+            return self
+        elif len(inters) == 1:
+            return [self._model(inters[0])]
+        return []
+
+    def perpendicular_bisector(self):
+        r"""
+        Return the perpendicular bisector of ``self`` if ``self`` has
+        finite length.  Here distance is hyperbolic distance.
+
+        EXAMPLES::
+
+            sage: # needs scipy sage.plot
+            sage: PD = HyperbolicPlane().PD()
+            sage: g = PD.get_geodesic(-0.3+0.4*I,+0.7-0.1*I)
+            sage: h = g.perpendicular_bisector().complete()
+            sage: P = g.plot(color='blue') + h.plot(color='orange'); P
+            Graphics object consisting of 4 graphics primitives
+
+        .. PLOT::
+
+            g = HyperbolicPlane().PD().get_geodesic(-0.3+0.4*I,+0.7-0.1*I)
+            h = g.perpendicular_bisector().complete()
+            sphinx_plot(g.plot(color='blue')+h.plot(color='orange'))
+
+        Complete geodesics cannot be bisected::
+
+            sage: # needs scipy
+            sage: g = HyperbolicPlane().PD().get_geodesic(0, 1)
+            sage: g.perpendicular_bisector()
+            Traceback (most recent call last):
+            ...
+            ValueError: the length must be finite
+
+        TESTS::
+
+            sage: # needs scipy
+            sage: g = HyperbolicPlane().PD().random_geodesic()
+            sage: h = g.perpendicular_bisector().complete()
+            sage: bool(h.intersection(g)[0].coordinates() - g.midpoint().coordinates() < 10**-9)
+            True
+
+            sage: # needs scipy
+            sage: g = HyperbolicPlane().UHP().random_geodesic()
+            sage: h = g.perpendicular_bisector().complete()
+            sage: bool(h.intersection(g)[0].coordinates() - g.midpoint().coordinates() < 10**-9)
+            True
+        """
+
+        P = self._cached_geodesic.perpendicular_bisector()
+        return P.to_model(self._model)
+
+    def midpoint(self):
+        r"""
+        Return the (hyperbolic) midpoint of a hyperbolic line segment.
+
+        EXAMPLES::
+
+            sage: g = HyperbolicPlane().UHP().random_geodesic()
+            sage: m = g.midpoint()
+            sage: end1, end2 = g.endpoints()
+            sage: bool(abs(m.dist(end1) - m.dist(end2)) < 10**-9)
+            True
+
+        Complete geodesics have no midpoint::
+
+            sage: HyperbolicPlane().UHP().get_geodesic(0,2).midpoint()
+            Traceback (most recent call last):
+            ...
+            ValueError: the length must be finite
+        """
+
+        UHP = self._model.realization_of().a_realization()
+        P = self.to_model(UHP).midpoint()
+        return self._model(P)
+
+    def dist(self, other):
+        r"""
+        Return the hyperbolic distance from a given hyperbolic geodesic
+        to another geodesic or point.
+
+        INPUT:
+
+        - ``other`` -- a hyperbolic geodesic or hyperbolic point in
+          the same model
+
+        OUTPUT: the hyperbolic distance
+
+        EXAMPLES::
+
+            sage: g = HyperbolicPlane().UHP().get_geodesic(2, 4.0)
+            sage: h = HyperbolicPlane().UHP().get_geodesic(5, 7.0)
+            sage: bool(abs(g.dist(h).n() - 1.92484730023841) < 10**-9)
+            True
+
+        If the second object is a geodesic ultraparallel to the first,
+        or if it is a point on the boundary that is not one of the
+        first object's endpoints, then return +infinity
+
+        ::
+
+            sage: g = HyperbolicPlane().UHP().get_geodesic(2, 2+I)
+            sage: p = HyperbolicPlane().UHP().get_point(5)
+            sage: g.dist(p)
+            +Infinity
+
+        TESTS:
+
+        Check that floating points remain floating points in :meth:`dist` ::
+
+            sage: UHP = HyperbolicPlane().UHP()
+            sage: g = UHP.get_geodesic(CC(0,1), CC(2,2))
+            sage: UHP.dist(g.start(), g.end())
+            1.45057451382258
+            sage: parent(_)
+            Real Field with 53 bits of precision
+        """
+
+        return self._model.dist(self, other)
+
+    def angle(self, other):
+        r"""
+        Return the angle  between any two given geodesics if they
+        intersect.
+
+        INPUT:
+
+        - ``other`` -- a hyperbolic geodesic in the same model as ``self``
+
+        OUTPUT: the angle in radians between the two given geodesics
+
+        EXAMPLES::
+
+            sage: PD = HyperbolicPlane().PD()
+            sage: g = PD.get_geodesic(3/5*I + 4/5, 15/17*I + 8/17)
+            sage: h = PD.get_geodesic(4/5*I + 3/5, I)
+            sage: g.angle(h)
+            1/2*pi
+
+        .. PLOT::
+
+            PD = HyperbolicPlane().PD()
+            g = PD.get_geodesic(3.0/5.0*I + 4.0/5.0, 15.0/17.0*I + 8.0/17.0)
+            h = PD.get_geodesic(4.0/5.0*I + 3.0/5.0, I)
+            sphinx_plot(g.plot()+h.plot(color='orange'))
+        """
+
+        return self._cached_geodesic.angle(other)
+
+    def length(self):
+        r"""
+        Return the Hyperbolic length of the hyperbolic line segment.
+
+        EXAMPLES::
+
+            sage: g = HyperbolicPlane().UHP().get_geodesic(2 + I, 3 + I/2)
+            sage: g.length()
+            arccosh(9/4)
+        """
+
+        return self._model._dist_points(self._start.coordinates(),
+                                        self._end.coordinates())
+
+# ***********************************************************************
+#                       UHP geodesics
+# ***********************************************************************
+
+
+class HyperbolicGeodesicUHP(HyperbolicGeodesic):
+    r"""
+    Create a geodesic in the upper half plane model.
+
+    The geodesics in this model are represented by circular arcs perpendicular
+    to the real axis (half-circles whose origin is on the real axis) and
+    straight vertical lines ending on the real axis.
+
+    INPUT:
+
+    - ``start`` -- a :class:`HyperbolicPoint` in hyperbolic space
+      representing the start of the geodesic
+
+    - ``end`` -- a :class:`HyperbolicPoint` in hyperbolic space
+      representing the end of the geodesic
+
+    EXAMPLES::
+
+        sage: UHP = HyperbolicPlane().UHP()
+        sage: g = UHP.get_geodesic(UHP.get_point(I), UHP.get_point(2 + I))
+        sage: g = UHP.get_geodesic(I, 2 + I)
+        sage: h = UHP.get_geodesic(-1, -1+2*I)
+
+    .. PLOT::
+
+        UHP = HyperbolicPlane().UHP()
+        g = UHP.get_geodesic(I, 2 + I)
+        h = UHP.get_geodesic(-1, -1+2*I)
+        sphinx_plot(g.plot()+h.plot())
+    """
+
+    def reflection_involution(self):
+        r"""
+        Return the isometry of the involution fixing the geodesic ``self``.
+
+        EXAMPLES::
+
+            sage: UHP = HyperbolicPlane().UHP()
+            sage: g1 = UHP.get_geodesic(0, 1)
+            sage: g1.reflection_involution()
+            Isometry in UHP
+            [ 1  0]
+            [ 2 -1]
+            sage: UHP.get_geodesic(I, 2*I).reflection_involution()
+            Isometry in UHP
+            [ 1  0]
+            [ 0 -1]
+        """
+        x, y = (real(k.coordinates()) for k in self.ideal_endpoints())
+        if x == infinity:
+            M = matrix([[1, -2*y], [0, -1]])
+        elif y == infinity:
+            M = matrix([[1, -2*x], [0, -1]])
+        else:
+            M = matrix([[(x+y)/(y-x), -2*x*y/(y-x)], [2/(y-x), -(x+y)/(y-x)]])
+        return self._model.get_isometry(M)
+
+    def plot(self, boundary=True, **options):
+        r"""
+        Plot ``self``.
+
+        EXAMPLES::
+
+            sage: UHP = HyperbolicPlane().UHP()
+            sage: UHP.get_geodesic(0, 1).plot()                                         # needs sage.plot
+            Graphics object consisting of 2 graphics primitives
+
+        .. PLOT::
+
+            UHP = HyperbolicPlane().UHP()
+            g = UHP.get_geodesic(0.0, 1.0).plot()
+            sphinx_plot(g)
+
+        ::
+
+            sage: UHP.get_geodesic(I, 3+4*I).plot(linestyle='dashed', color='brown')    # needs sage.plot
+            Graphics object consisting of 2 graphics primitives
+
+        .. PLOT::
+
+            UHP = HyperbolicPlane().UHP()
+            g = UHP.get_geodesic(I, 3+4*I).plot(linestyle='dashed', color='brown')
+            sphinx_plot(g)
+
+        ::
+
+            sage: UHP.get_geodesic(1, infinity).plot(color='orange')                    # needs sage.plot
+            Graphics object consisting of 2 graphics primitives
+
+        .. PLOT::
+
+            UHP = HyperbolicPlane().UHP()
+            g = UHP.get_geodesic(1, infinity).plot(color='orange')
+            sphinx_plot(g)
+
+        TESTS:
+
+        Plotting a line with ``boundary=True``. ::
+
+            sage: g = HyperbolicPlane().UHP().get_geodesic(0, I)
+            sage: g.plot()                                                              # needs sage.plot
+            Graphics object consisting of 2 graphics primitives
+
+        Plotting a line with ``boundary=False``. ::
+
+            sage: g = HyperbolicPlane().UHP().get_geodesic(0, I)
+            sage: g.plot(boundary=False)                                                # needs sage.plot
+            Graphics object consisting of 1 graphics primitive
+
+        Plotting a circle with ``boundary=True``. ::
+
+            sage: g = HyperbolicPlane().UHP().get_geodesic(-3, 19)
+            sage: g.plot()                                                              # needs sage.plot
+            Graphics object consisting of 2 graphics primitives
+
+        Plotting a circle with ``boundary=False``. ::
+
+            sage: g = HyperbolicPlane().UHP().get_geodesic(3, 4)
+            sage: g.plot(boundary=False)                                                # needs sage.plot
+            Graphics object consisting of 1 graphics primitive
+        """
+
+        opts = {'axes': False, 'aspect_ratio': 1}
+        opts.update(self.graphics_options())
+        opts.update(options)
+        end_1, end_2 = (CC(k.coordinates()) for k in self.endpoints())
+        bd_1, bd_2 = (CC(k.coordinates()) for k in self.ideal_endpoints())
+        if (abs(real(end_1) - real(end_2)) < EPSILON) \
+                or CC(infinity) in [end_1, end_2]:  # on same vertical line
+            # If one of the endpoints is infinity, we replace it with a
+            # large finite  point
+            if end_1 == CC(infinity):
+                end_1 = (real(end_2), (imag(end_2) + 10))
+                end_2 = (real(end_2), imag(end_2))
+            elif end_2 == CC(infinity):
+                end_2 = (real(end_1), (imag(end_1) + 10))
+                end_1 = (real(end_1), imag(end_1))
+            else:
+                end_1 = (real(end_1), imag(end_1))
+                end_2 = (real(end_2), imag(end_2))
+            pic = bezier_path([[end_1, end_2]], **opts)
+            if boundary:
+                cent = min(bd_1, bd_2)
+                bd_dict = {'bd_min': cent - 3, 'bd_max': cent + 3}
+                bd_pic = self._model.get_background_graphic(**bd_dict)
+                pic += bd_pic
+            return pic
+        else:
+            center = (bd_1 + bd_2) / 2  # Circle center
+            radius = abs(bd_1 - bd_2) / 2
+            theta1 = CC(end_1 - center).arg()
+            theta2 = CC(end_2 - center).arg()
+            if abs(theta1 - theta2) < EPSILON:
+                theta2 += pi
+            pic = arc((real(center), imag(center)), radius,
+                      sector=(theta1, theta2), **opts)
+            if boundary:
+                # We want to draw a segment of the real line.  The
+                # computations below compute the projection of the
+                # geodesic to the real line, and then draw a little
+                # to the left and right of the projection.
+                shadow_1, shadow_2 = (real(k) for k in [end_1, end_2])
+                midpoint = (shadow_1 + shadow_2)/2
+                length = abs(shadow_1 - shadow_2)
+                bd_dict = {'bd_min': midpoint - length, 'bd_max': midpoint +
+                           length}
+                bd_pic = self._model.get_background_graphic(**bd_dict)
+                pic += bd_pic
+            return pic
+
+    def ideal_endpoints(self):
+        r"""
+        Determine the ideal (boundary) endpoints of the complete
+        hyperbolic geodesic corresponding to ``self``.
+
+        OUTPUT: list of 2 boundary points
+
+        EXAMPLES::
+
+            sage: UHP = HyperbolicPlane().UHP()
+            sage: UHP.get_geodesic(I, 2*I).ideal_endpoints()
+            [Boundary point in UHP 0,
+             Boundary point in UHP +Infinity]
+            sage: UHP.get_geodesic(1 + I, 2 + 4*I).ideal_endpoints()
+            [Boundary point in UHP -sqrt(65) + 9,
+             Boundary point in UHP sqrt(65) + 9]
+
+        TESTS:
+
+        Check that :issue:`32362` is fixed::
+
+            sage: PD = HyperbolicPlane().PD()
+            sage: z0 = CC(-0.0571909584179366 + 0.666666666666667*I)
+            sage: z1 = CC(-1)
+            sage: pts = PD.get_geodesic(z0, z1).ideal_endpoints()
+            sage: pts[1]
+            Boundary point in PD I
+        """
+        start = self._start.coordinates()
+        end = self._end.coordinates()
+        x1, x2 = real(start), real(end)
+        y1, y2 = imag(start), imag(end)
+        M = self._model
+        # infinity is the first endpoint, so the other ideal endpoint
+        # is just the real part of the second coordinate
+        if CC(start).is_infinity():
+            return [M.get_point(start), M.get_point(x2)]
+        # Same idea as above
+        if CC(end).is_infinity():
+            return [M.get_point(x1), M.get_point(end)]
+        # We could also have a vertical line with two interior points
+        if abs(x1 - x2) < EPSILON:
+            return [M.get_point(x1), M.get_point(infinity)]
+        # Otherwise, we have a semicircular arc in the UHP
+        c = ((x1+x2)*(x2-x1) + (y1+y2)*(y2-y1)) / (2*(x2-x1))
+        r = sqrt((c - x1)**2 + y1**2)
+        return [M.get_point(c - r), M.get_point(c + r)]
+
+    def common_perpendicular(self, other):
+        r"""
+        Return the unique hyperbolic geodesic perpendicular to ``self``
+        and ``other``, if such a geodesic exists; otherwise raise a
+        :exc:`ValueError`.
+
+        INPUT:
+
+        - ``other`` -- a hyperbolic geodesic in current model
+
+        OUTPUT: a hyperbolic geodesic
+
+        EXAMPLES::
+
+            sage: UHP = HyperbolicPlane().UHP()
+            sage: g = UHP.get_geodesic(2, 3)
+            sage: h = UHP.get_geodesic(4, 5)
+            sage: g.common_perpendicular(h)
+            Geodesic in UHP from 1/2*sqrt(3) + 7/2 to -1/2*sqrt(3) + 7/2
+
+        .. PLOT::
+
+            UHP = HyperbolicPlane().UHP()
+            g = UHP.get_geodesic(2.0, 3.0)
+            h = UHP.get_geodesic(4.0, 5.0)
+            p = g.common_perpendicular(h)
+            sphinx_plot(g.plot(color='blue')+h.plot(color='blue')+p.plot(color='orange'))
+
+        It is an error to ask for the common perpendicular of two
+        intersecting geodesics::
+
+            sage: g = UHP.get_geodesic(2, 4)
+            sage: h = UHP.get_geodesic(3, infinity)
+            sage: g.common_perpendicular(h)
+            Traceback (most recent call last):
+            ...
+            ValueError: geodesics intersect; no common perpendicular exists
+        """
+
+        # Make sure both are in the same model
+        if other._model is not self._model:
+            other = other.to_model(self._model)
+
+        A = self.reflection_involution()
+        B = other.reflection_involution()
+        C = A * B
+        if C.classification() != 'hyperbolic':
+            raise ValueError("geodesics intersect; " +
+                             "no common perpendicular exists")
+        return C.fixed_point_set()
+
+    def intersection(self, other):
+        r"""
+        Return the point of intersection of ``self`` and ``other``
+        (if such a point exists).
+
+        INPUT:
+
+        - ``other`` -- a hyperbolic geodesic in the current model
+
+        OUTPUT: list of hyperbolic points or a hyperbolic geodesic
+
+        EXAMPLES::
+
+            sage: UHP = HyperbolicPlane().UHP()
+            sage: g = UHP.get_geodesic(3, 5)
+            sage: h = UHP.get_geodesic(4, 7)
+            sage: g.intersection(h)
+            [Point in UHP 2/3*sqrt(-2) + 13/3]
+
+        .. PLOT::
+
+            UHP = HyperbolicPlane().UHP()
+            g = UHP.get_geodesic(3, 5)
+            h = UHP.get_geodesic(4, 7)
+            P = g.intersection(h)
+            pict = g.plot(color='red')+h.plot(color='red')
+            sphinx_plot(pict)
+
+        If the given geodesics do not intersect, the function returns an
+        empty list::
+
+            sage: g = UHP.get_geodesic(4, 5)
+            sage: h = UHP.get_geodesic(6, 7)
+            sage: g.intersection(h)
+            []
+
+        .. PLOT::
+
+            UHP = HyperbolicPlane().UHP()
+            g = UHP.get_geodesic(4.0, 5.0)
+            h = UHP.get_geodesic(6.0, 7.0)
+            sphinx_plot(g.plot() + h.plot())
+
+        If the given geodesics are asymptotically parallel, the function returns the common boundary point::
+
+            sage: g = UHP.get_geodesic(4, 5)
+            sage: h = UHP.get_geodesic(5, 7)
+            sage: g.intersection(h)
+            [Boundary point in UHP 5.00000000000000]
+
+        .. PLOT::
+
+            UHP = HyperbolicPlane().UHP()
+            g = UHP.get_geodesic(4.0, 5.0)
+            h = UHP.get_geodesic(6.0, 7.0)
+            sphinx_plot(g.plot() + h.plot())
+
+        If the given geodesics are identical, return that
+        geodesic::
+
+            sage: g = UHP.get_geodesic(4 + I, 18*I)
+            sage: h = UHP.get_geodesic(4 + I, 18*I)
+            sage: g.intersection(h)
+            Geodesic in UHP from I + 4 to 18*I
+
+        TESTS:
+
+            sage: UHP = HyperbolicPlane().UHP()
+            sage: g1 = UHP.get_geodesic(2*QQbar.gen(), 5)
+            sage: g2 = UHP.get_geodesic(-1/2, Infinity)
+            sage: g1.intersection(g2)
+            []
+
+            sage: UHP = HyperbolicPlane().UHP() #case Ia
+            sage: UHP = HyperbolicPlane().UHP()
+            sage: g1=UHP.get_geodesic(-1,I)
+            sage: g2=UHP.get_geodesic(0,2)
+            sage: g1.intersection(g2)
+            []
+
+            sage: UHP = HyperbolicPlane().UHP() #case Ib
+            sage: g1=UHP.get_geodesic(-1,I)
+            sage: g2=UHP.get_geodesic(1/2,1/2+2*I)
+            sage: g1.intersection(g2)
+            []
+
+            sage: UHP = HyperbolicPlane().UHP() #case IIa
+            sage: g1=UHP.get_geodesic(-1,+1)
+            sage: g2=UHP.get_geodesic(-1,2)
+            sage: g1.intersection(g2)
+            [Boundary point in UHP -1.00000000000000]
+
+            sage: UHP = HyperbolicPlane().UHP() #case IIb
+            sage: g1=UHP.get_geodesic(-1,+Infinity)
+            sage: g2=UHP.get_geodesic(+1,+Infinity)
+            sage: g1.intersection(g2)
+            [Boundary point in UHP +infinity]
+
+            sage: UHP = HyperbolicPlane().UHP() #case IIc
+            sage: g1=UHP.get_geodesic(-1,-1+I)
+            sage: g2=UHP.get_geodesic(+1,+1+I)
+            sage: g1.intersection(g2)
+            []
+
+            sage: UHP = HyperbolicPlane().UHP() #case IId
+            sage: g1=UHP.get_geodesic(-1,+1)
+            sage: g2=UHP.get_geodesic(-1,-1+2*I)
+            sage: g1.intersection(g2)
+            [Boundary point in UHP -1.00000000000000]
+
+            sage: UHP = HyperbolicPlane().UHP() #case IIIa
+            sage: g1=UHP.get_geodesic(-1,I)
+            sage: g2=UHP.get_geodesic(+1,(+cos(pi/3)+I*sin(pi/3)))
+            sage: g1.intersection(g2)
+            []
+
+            sage: UHP = HyperbolicPlane().UHP() #case IIIb
+            sage: g1=UHP.get_geodesic(I,2*I)
+            sage: g2=UHP.get_geodesic(3*I,4*I)
+            sage: g1.intersection(g2)
+            []
+
+            sage: UHP = HyperbolicPlane().UHP() #case IVa
+            sage: g1=UHP.get_geodesic(3*I,Infinity)
+            sage: g2=UHP.get_geodesic(2*I,4*I)
+            sage: g1.intersection(g2)
+            Geodesic in UHP from 3.00000000000000*I to 4.00000000000000*I
+
+            sage: UHP = HyperbolicPlane().UHP() #case IVb
+            sage: g1=UHP.get_geodesic(I,3*I)
+            sage: g2=UHP.get_geodesic(2*I,4*I)
+            sage: g1.intersection(g2)
+            Geodesic in UHP from 2.00000000000000*I to 3.00000000000000*I
+
+            sage: UHP = HyperbolicPlane().UHP() #case IVc
+            sage: g1=UHP.get_geodesic(2*I,infinity)
+            sage: g2=UHP.get_geodesic(3*I,infinity)
+            sage: g1.intersection(g2)
+            Geodesic in UHP from 3.00000000000000*I to +infinity
+        """
+
+        UHP = self.model()
+        # Both geodesic need to be UHP geodesics for this to work
+        if other.model() != UHP:
+            other = other.to_model(UHP)
+        # Get endpoints and ideal endpoints
+        i_start_1, i_end_1 = sorted(self.ideal_endpoints(), key=str)
+        i_start_2, i_end_2 = sorted(other.ideal_endpoints(), key=str)
+        start_1, end_1 = (CC(x.coordinates()) for x in self.endpoints())
+        start_2, end_2 = (CC(x.coordinates()) for x in other.endpoints())
+        # sort the geodesic endpoints according to start_1.real() < end_1.real() and if start_1.real() ==  end_1.real()
+        # then start_1.imag() < end_1.imag()
+        if start_1.real() > end_1.real():  # enforce
+            start_1, end_1 = end_1, start_1
+        elif start_1.real() == end_1.real():
+            if start_1.imag() > end_1.imag():
+                start_1, end_1 = end_1, start_1
+        # sort the geodesic endpoints according to start_2.real() < end_2.real() and if start_2.real() ==  end_2.real()
+        # then start_2.imag() < end_2.imag()
+        if start_2.real() > end_2.real():
+            start_2, end_2 = end_2, start_2
+        elif start_2.real() == end_2.real():
+            if start_2.imag() > end_2.imag():
+                start_2, end_2 = end_2, start_2
+        if i_start_1 == i_start_2 and i_end_1 == i_end_2:
+            # Unoriented segments lie on the same complete geodesic
+            if start_1 == start_2 and end_1 == end_2:
+                return self
+            if start_1.real() == end_1.real() or end_1.real().is_infinity():
+                # Both geodesics are vertical
+                if start_2.imag() < start_1.imag():
+                    # make sure always start_1.imag() <= start_2.imag()
+                    start_1, start_2 = start_2, start_1
+                    end_1, end_2 = end_2, end_1
+                if end_1 == start_2:
+                    return [UHP.get_point(end_1)]
+                elif end_1.real().is_infinity() and end_2.real().is_infinity():
+                    return UHP.get_geodesic(start_2, end_2)
+                elif end_1.imag() < start_2.imag():
+                    return []
+                else:
+                    return UHP.get_geodesic(start_2, end_1)
+            else:
+                # Neither geodesic is vertical
+                # make sure always start_1.real() <= start_2.real()
+                if start_2.real() < start_1.real():
+                    start_1, start_2 = start_2, start_1
+                    end_1, end_2 = end_2, end_1
+                if end_1 == start_2:
+                    return [UHP.get_point(end_1)]
+                elif end_1.real() < start_2.real():
+                    return []
+                else:
+                    return UHP.get_geodesic(start_2, end_1)
+        else:
+            # Both segments do not have the same complete geodesic
+            # make sure always start_1.real() <= start_2.real()
+            if start_2.real() < start_1.real():
+                start_1, start_2 = start_2, start_1
+                end_1, end_2 = end_2, end_1
+            if self.is_asymptotically_parallel(other):
+                # asymptotic parallel
+                if start_1 == start_2:
+                    return [UHP.get_point(start_1)]
+                elif end_1 == start_2 or end_1 == end_2:
+                    return [UHP.get_point(end_1)]
+                else:
+                    return []
+            else:
+                A = self.reflection_involution()
+                B = other.reflection_involution()
+                C = A * B
+                if C.classification() in ['hyperbolic', 'parabolic']:
+                    return []
+                else:
+                    # the fixed point needs not to lie in both segments of geodesic
+                    if end_1 == start_2:
+                        return [UHP().get_point(end_1)]
+                    else:
+                        P = CC(C.fixed_point_set()[0].coordinates())
+                        if start_1.real() <= P.real() <= end_1.real() and start_2.real() <= P.real() <= end_2.real():
+                            return C.fixed_point_set()
+                        else:
+                            return []
+
+    def perpendicular_bisector(self):  # UHP
+        r"""
+        Return the perpendicular bisector of the hyperbolic geodesic ``self``
+        if that geodesic has finite length.
+
+        EXAMPLES::
+
+            sage: UHP = HyperbolicPlane().UHP()
+
+            sage: # needs scipy
+            sage: g = UHP.random_geodesic()
+            sage: h = g.perpendicular_bisector().complete()
+            sage: c = lambda x: x.coordinates()
+            sage: bool(c(g.intersection(h)[0]) - c(g.midpoint()) < 10**-9)
+            True
+
+        ::
+
+            sage: # needs scipy
+            sage: g = UHP.get_geodesic(1 + I, 2 + 0.5*I)
+            sage: h = g.perpendicular_bisector().complete()
+            sage: show(g.plot(color='blue') + h.plot(color='orange'))
+
+        .. PLOT::
+
+            UHP = HyperbolicPlane().UHP()
+            g = UHP.get_geodesic(1+I,2+0.5*I)
+            h = g.perpendicular_bisector().complete()
+            sphinx_plot(g.plot(color='blue')+h.plot(color='orange'))
+
+        Infinite geodesics cannot be bisected::
+
+            sage: UHP.get_geodesic(0, 1).perpendicular_bisector()
+            Traceback (most recent call last):
+            ...
+            ValueError: the length must be finite
+
+        TESTS:
+
+        Check the result is independent of the order (:issue:`29936`)::
+
+            sage: # needs scipy
+            sage: def bisector_gets_midpoint(a, b):
+            ....:     UHP = HyperbolicPlane().UHP()
+            ....:     g = UHP.get_geodesic(a, b)
+            ....:     p = g.perpendicular_bisector()
+            ....:     x = g.intersection(p)[0]
+            ....:     m = g.midpoint()
+            ....:     return bool(x.dist(m) < 1e-9)
+            sage: c, d, e = CC(1, 1), CC(2, 1), CC(2, 0.5)
+            sage: pairs = [(c, d), (d, c), (c, e), (e, c), (d, e), (e, d)]
+            sage: all(bisector_gets_midpoint(a, b) for a, b in pairs)
+            True
+        """
+        if self.length() == infinity:
+            raise ValueError("the length must be finite")
+        start = self._start.coordinates()
+        end = self._end.coordinates()
+        # The complete geodesic p1 -> p2 always returns p1 < p2,
+        #   so we might need to swap start and end
+        if ((real(start - end) > EPSILON) or
+            (abs(real(start - end)) < EPSILON and
+                imag(start - end) > 0)):
+            start, end = end, start
+        S = self.complete()._to_std_geod(start)
+        d = self._model._dist_points(start, end) / 2
+        T1 = matrix([[exp(d/2), 0], [0, exp(-d/2)]])
+        s2 = sqrt(2) / 2
+        T2 = matrix([[s2, -s2], [s2, s2]])
+        isom_mtrx = S.inverse() * (T1 * T2) * S
+        # We need to clean this matrix up.
+        if (isom_mtrx - isom_mtrx.conjugate()).norm() < 5 * EPSILON:
+            # Imaginary part is small.
+            isom_mtrx = (isom_mtrx + isom_mtrx.conjugate()) / 2
+            # Set it to its real part.
+        H = self._model._Isometry(self._model, isom_mtrx, check=False)
+        return self._model.get_geodesic(H(self._start), H(self._end))
+
+    def midpoint(self):  # UHP
+        r"""
+        Return the (hyperbolic) midpoint of ``self`` if it exists.
+
+        EXAMPLES::
+
+            sage: UHP = HyperbolicPlane().UHP()
+            sage: g = UHP.random_geodesic()
+            sage: m = g.midpoint()
+            sage: d1 = UHP.dist(m, g.start())
+            sage: d2 = UHP.dist(m, g.end())
+            sage: bool(abs(d1 - d2) < 10**-9)
+            True
+
+        Infinite geodesics have no midpoint::
+
+            sage: UHP.get_geodesic(0, 2).midpoint()
+            Traceback (most recent call last):
+            ...
+            ValueError: the length must be finite
+
+        TESTS:
+
+        This checks :issue:`20330` so that geodesics defined by symbolic
+        expressions do not generate runtime errors. ::
+
+            sage: g=HyperbolicPlane().UHP().get_geodesic(-1+I,1+I)
+            sage: point = g.midpoint(); point
+            Point in UHP -1/2*(sqrt(2)*...
+            sage: QQbar(point.coordinates()).radical_expression()  # long time
+            I*sqrt(2)
+
+        Check that floating points remain floating points
+        in :meth:`midpoint`::
+
+            sage: UHP = HyperbolicPlane().UHP()
+            sage: g = UHP.get_geodesic(CC(0,1), CC(2,2))
+            sage: g.midpoint()
+            Point in UHP 0.666666666666667 + 1.69967317119760*I
+            sage: parent(g.midpoint().coordinates())
+            Complex Field with 53 bits of precision
+
+        Check that the midpoint is independent of the order (:issue:`29936`)::
+
+            sage: g = UHP.get_geodesic(1+I, 2+0.5*I)
+            sage: h = UHP.get_geodesic(2+0.5*I, 1+I)
+            sage: abs(g.midpoint().coordinates() - h.midpoint().coordinates()) < 1e-9
+            True
+
+            sage: g = UHP.get_geodesic(2+I, 2+0.5*I)
+            sage: h = UHP.get_geodesic(2+0.5*I, 2+I)
+            sage: abs(g.midpoint().coordinates() - h.midpoint().coordinates()) < 1e-9
+            True
+        """
+        from sage.matrix.matrix_symbolic_dense import Matrix_symbolic_dense
+        if self.length() == infinity:
+            raise ValueError("the length must be finite")
+
+        start = self._start.coordinates()
+        end = self._end.coordinates()
+        d = self._model._dist_points(start, end) / 2
+        # The complete geodesic p1 -> p2 always returns p1 < p2,
+        #   so we might need to swap start and end
+        if ((real(start - end) > EPSILON) or
+            (abs(real(start - end)) < EPSILON and
+                imag(start - end) > 0)):
+            start, end = end, start
+        S = self.complete()._to_std_geod(start)
+
+        # If the matrix is symbolic then needs to be simplified in order to
+        #    make the calculations easier for the symbolic calculus module.
+        if isinstance(S, Matrix_symbolic_dense):
+            S = S.simplify_full().simplify_full()
+        S_1 = S.inverse()
+        T = matrix([[exp(d), 0], [0, 1]])
+        M = S_1 * T * S
+        P_3 = moebius_transform(M, start)
+        return self._model.get_point(P_3)
+
+    def angle(self, other):  # UHP
+        r"""
+        Return the angle between the completions of any two given
+        geodesics if they intersect.
+
+        INPUT:
+
+        - ``other`` -- a hyperbolic geodesic in the UHP model
+
+        OUTPUT: the angle in radians between the two given geodesics
+
+        EXAMPLES::
+
+            sage: UHP = HyperbolicPlane().UHP()
+            sage: g = UHP.get_geodesic(2, 4)
+            sage: h = UHP.get_geodesic(3, 3 + I)
+            sage: g.angle(h)
+            1/2*pi
+            sage: numerical_approx(g.angle(h))
+            1.57079632679490
+
+        .. PLOT::
+
+            UHP = HyperbolicPlane().UHP()
+            g = UHP.get_geodesic(2, 4)
+            h = UHP.get_geodesic(3, 3 + I)
+            sphinx_plot(g.plot()+h.plot())
+
+        If the geodesics are identical, return angle 0::
+
+            sage: g.angle(g)
+            0
+
+        It is an error to ask for the angle of two geodesics that do not
+        intersect::
+
+            sage: g = UHP.get_geodesic(2, 4)
+            sage: h = UHP.get_geodesic(5, 7)
+            sage: g.angle(h)
+            Traceback (most recent call last):
+            ...
+            ValueError: geodesics do not intersect
+
+        TESTS:
+
+        Points as parameters raise an error. ::
+
+            sage: g = HyperbolicPlane().UHP().get_geodesic(I, I)
+            sage: h = HyperbolicPlane().UHP().get_geodesic(-1, 1)
+            sage: g.angle(h)
+            Traceback (most recent call last):
+            ...
+            ValueError: intersecting geodesic is a point
+            sage: h.angle(g)
+            Traceback (most recent call last):
+            ...
+            ValueError: intersecting geodesic is a point
+
+            sage: g = HyperbolicPlane().UHP().get_geodesic(I, I)
+            sage: h = HyperbolicPlane().UHP().get_geodesic(0, infinity)
+            sage: g.angle(h)
+            Traceback (most recent call last):
+            ...
+            ValueError: intersecting geodesic is a point
+            sage: h.angle(g)
+            Traceback (most recent call last):
+            ...
+            ValueError: intersecting geodesic is a point
+
+        Intersections in boundary points raise an error. ::
+
+            sage: g = HyperbolicPlane().UHP().get_geodesic(1, 3)
+            sage: h = HyperbolicPlane().UHP().get_geodesic(1, 2)
+            sage: g.angle(h)
+            Traceback (most recent call last):
+            ...
+            ValueError: geodesics do not intersect
+            sage: h.angle(g)
+            Traceback (most recent call last):
+            ...
+            ValueError: geodesics do not intersect
+
+            sage: g = HyperbolicPlane().UHP().get_geodesic(1, 2)
+            sage: h = HyperbolicPlane().UHP().get_geodesic(1, Infinity)
+            sage: g.angle(h)
+            Traceback (most recent call last):
+            ...
+            ValueError: geodesics do not intersect
+            sage: h.angle(g)
+            Traceback (most recent call last):
+            ...
+            ValueError: geodesics do not intersect
+
+        Parallel lines raise an error. ::
+
+            sage: g = HyperbolicPlane().UHP().get_geodesic(-2, -2 + 4*I)
+            sage: h = HyperbolicPlane().UHP().get_geodesic(9, Infinity)
+            sage: g.angle(h)
+            Traceback (most recent call last):
+            ...
+            ValueError: geodesics do not intersect
+            sage: h.angle(g)
+            Traceback (most recent call last):
+            ...
+            ValueError: geodesics do not intersect
+
+        Non-intersecting circles raise an error. ::
+
+            sage: g = HyperbolicPlane().UHP().get_geodesic(-2, -1)
+            sage: h = HyperbolicPlane().UHP().get_geodesic( 2,  1)
+            sage: g.angle(h)
+            Traceback (most recent call last):
+            ...
+            ValueError: geodesics do not intersect
+            sage: h.angle(g)
+            Traceback (most recent call last):
+            ...
+            ValueError: geodesics do not intersect
+
+        Non-intersecting line and circle raise an error. ::
+
+            sage: g = HyperbolicPlane().UHP().get_geodesic(-2, -2 + 4*I)
+            sage: h = HyperbolicPlane().UHP().get_geodesic( 7, 9)
+            sage: g.angle(h)
+            Traceback (most recent call last):
+            ...
+            ValueError: geodesics do not intersect
+            sage: h.angle(g)
+            Traceback (most recent call last):
+            ...
+            ValueError: geodesics do not intersect
+
+        Non-complete equal circles yield angle 0. ::
+
+            sage: g = HyperbolicPlane().UHP().get_geodesic(-1, I)
+            sage: h = HyperbolicPlane().UHP().get_geodesic(I, 1)
+            sage: g.angle(h)
+            0
+            sage: h.angle(g)
+            0
+
+        Complete equal lines yield angle 0. ::
+
+            sage: g = HyperbolicPlane().UHP().get_geodesic(4, Infinity)
+            sage: h = HyperbolicPlane().UHP().get_geodesic(4, Infinity)
+            sage: g.angle(h)
+            0
+            sage: h.angle(g)
+            0
+
+        Non-complete equal lines yield angle 0. ::
+
+            sage: g = HyperbolicPlane().UHP().get_geodesic(1 +   I, 1 + 2*I)
+            sage: h = HyperbolicPlane().UHP().get_geodesic(1 + 3*I, 1 + 4*I)
+            sage: g.angle(h)
+            0
+            sage: h.angle(g)
+            0
+
+        Angle between two complete circles. ::
+
+            sage: g = HyperbolicPlane().UHP().get_geodesic(0, 2)
+            sage: h = HyperbolicPlane().UHP().get_geodesic(1, 3)
+            sage: g.angle(h)
+            1/3*pi
+            sage: h.angle(g)
+            1/3*pi
+
+        Angle between two non-intersecting circles whose completion intersects. ::
+
+            sage: g = HyperbolicPlane().UHP().get_geodesic(-2, 2*I)
+            sage: h = HyperbolicPlane().UHP().get_geodesic(-1, 1 + 2*I)
+            sage: g.angle(h)
+            arccos(7/8)
+            sage: h.angle(g)
+            arccos(7/8)
+
+        Angle between circle and line. Note that ``1/2*sqrt(2)`` equals
+        ``1/4*pi``. ::
+
+            sage: g = HyperbolicPlane().UHP().get_geodesic( 0, Infinity)
+            sage: h = HyperbolicPlane().UHP().get_geodesic(-1, 1)
+            sage: g.angle(h)
+            1/2*pi
+            sage: h.angle(g)
+            1/2*pi
+
+            sage: g = HyperbolicPlane().UHP().get_geodesic(1, 1 + I)
+            sage: h = HyperbolicPlane().UHP().get_geodesic(-sqrt(2), sqrt(2))
+            sage: g.angle(h)
+            1/4*pi
+            sage: h.angle(g)
+            1/4*pi
+
+        Angle is unoriented, as opposed to oriented. ::
+
+            sage: g = HyperbolicPlane().UHP().get_geodesic(0, I)
+            sage: h1 = HyperbolicPlane().UHP().get_geodesic(-1, 2)
+            sage: h2 = HyperbolicPlane().UHP().get_geodesic(1, -2)
+            sage: g.angle(h1)
+            arccos(1/3)
+            sage: h1.angle(g)
+            arccos(1/3)
+            sage: g.angle(h2)
+            arccos(1/3)
+            sage: h2.angle(g)
+            arccos(1/3)
+        """
+
+        if self.is_parallel(other):
+            raise ValueError("geodesics do not intersect")
+
+        if other._model is not self._model:
+            other = other.to_model(self._model)
+
+        # Check if any of the geodesics is a point.
+        a1, a2 = self.start().coordinates(), self.end().coordinates()
+        b1, b2 = other.start().coordinates(), other.end().coordinates()
+        if abs(a2 - a1) < EPSILON or abs(b2 - b1) < EPSILON:
+            raise ValueError("intersecting geodesic is a point")
+
+        p1, p2 = (p.coordinates() for p in self.ideal_endpoints())
+        q1, q2 = (p.coordinates() for p in other.ideal_endpoints())
+
+        # Check if both geodesics are lines. All lines intersect at
+        # ``Infinity``, but the angle is always zero.
+        if infinity in [p1, p2] and infinity in [q1, q2]:
+            return 0
+
+        # Check if the geodesics are approximately equal. This must be
+        # done to prevent addition of ``infinity`` and ``-infinity``.
+        v = (abs(p1 - q1) < EPSILON and abs(p2 - q2) < EPSILON)
+        w = (abs(p1 - q2) < EPSILON and abs(p2 - q1) < EPSILON)
+        if v or w:
+            return 0
+
+        # Next, check if exactly one geodesic is a line. If this is the
+        # case, we will swap the values of the four points around until
+        # ``p1`` is zero, ``p2`` is ``infinity``...
+        #
+        # First, swap ``p`` and ``q`` if any ideal endpoint of ``other``
+        # is ``infinity``.
+        if infinity in [q1, q2]:
+            p1, p2, q1, q2 = q1, q2, p1, p2
+        # Then, if ``p1`` is infinity, swap ``p1`` and ``p2``. This
+        # ensures that if any element of ``{p1, p2}`` is ``infinity``,
+        # then that element is now ``p2``.
+        if p1 == infinity:
+            p1, p2 = p2, p1
+
+        # If ``p2`` is ``infinity``, we need to apply a translation to
+        # both geodesics that moves the first geodesic onto the
+        # imaginary line.  If ``p2`` is not ``infinity``, or,
+        # equivalently, the first geodesic is not a line, then we need
+        # to transform the hyperbolic plane so that the first geodesic
+        # is the imaginary line.
+        if p2 == infinity:
+            q1 = q1 - p1
+            q2 = q2 - p1
+            p1 = 0
+        if p2 != infinity:
+            # From now on, we may assume that ``p1``, ``p2``, ``q1``,
+            # ``q2`` are not ``infinity``...
+
+            # Transform into a line.
+            t = HyperbolicGeodesicUHP._crossratio_matrix(p1, (p1 + p2) / 2, p2)
+            q1, q2 = (moebius_transform(t, q) for q in [q1, q2])
+
+        # Calculate the angle.
+        return arccos(abs(q1 + q2) / abs(q2 - q1))
+
+    ##################
+    # Helper methods #
+    ##################
+
+    @staticmethod
+    def _get_B(a):
+        r"""
+        Helper function to get an appropriate matrix transforming
+        (0,1,inf) -> (0,I,inf) based on the type of a
+
+        INPUT:
+
+        - ``a`` -- an element to identify the class of the resulting matrix
+
+        EXAMPLES::
+
+            sage: UHP = HyperbolicPlane().UHP()
+            sage: g = UHP.random_geodesic()
+            sage: B = g._get_B(CDF.an_element()); B
+            [   1.0    0.0]
+            [   0.0 -1.0*I]
+            sage: type(B)
+            <class 'sage.matrix.matrix_complex_double_dense.Matrix_complex_double_dense'>
+
+        ::
+
+            sage: B = g._get_B(SR(1));  B
+            [ 1  0]
+            [ 0 -I]
+            sage: type(B)
+            <class 'sage.matrix.matrix_symbolic_dense.Matrix_symbolic_dense'>
+
+        ::
+
+            sage: B = g._get_B(complex(1));  B
+            [   1.0    0.0]
+            [   0.0 -1.0*I]
+            sage: type(B)
+            <class 'sage.matrix.matrix_complex_double_dense.Matrix_complex_double_dense'>
+
+        ::
+
+            sage: B = g._get_B(QQbar(1+I));  B
+            [ 1  0]
+            [ 0 -I]
+            sage: type(B[1,1])
+            <class 'sage.rings.qqbar.AlgebraicNumber'>
+            sage: type(B)
+            <class 'sage.matrix.matrix_generic_dense.Matrix_generic_dense'>
+        """
+        from sage.structure.element import Element
+        from sage.symbolic.expression import Expression
+        from sage.rings.complex_double import CDF
+
+        if isinstance(a, (int, float, complex)):  # Python number
+            a = CDF(a)
+
+        if isinstance(a, Expression):           # symbolic
+            P = SR
+            zero = SR.zero()
+            one = SR.one()
+            I = SR("I")
+        elif isinstance(a, Element):            # Sage number
+            P = a.parent()
+            zero = P.zero()
+            one = P.one()
+            I = P.gen()
+            if I.is_one() or (I*I).is_one() or not (-I*I).is_one():
+                raise ValueError("invalid number")
+        else:
+            raise ValueError("not a complex number")
+
+        return matrix(P, 2, [one, zero, zero, -I])
+
+    def _to_std_geod(self, p):
+        r"""
+        Given the coordinates of a geodesic in hyperbolic space, return the
+        hyperbolic isometry that sends that geodesic to the geodesic
+        through 0 and infinity that also sends the point ``p`` to `i`.
+
+        INPUT:
+
+        - ``p`` -- the coordinates of the
+
+        EXAMPLES::
+
+            sage: UHP = HyperbolicPlane().UHP()
+            sage: (p1, p2) = [UHP.random_point() for k in range(2)]
+            sage: g = UHP.get_geodesic(p1, p2)
+            sage: m = g.midpoint()
+            sage: A = g._to_std_geod(m.coordinates()) # Send midpoint to I.
+            sage: A = UHP.get_isometry(A)
+            sage: [s, e]= g.complete().endpoints()
+            sage: bool(abs(A(s).coordinates()) < 10**-9)
+            True
+            sage: bool(abs(A(m).coordinates() - I) < 10**-9)
+            True
+            sage: bool(abs(A(e).coordinates()) > 10**9)
+            True
+
+        TESTS:
+
+        Check that floating points remain floating points through this method::
+
+            sage: H = HyperbolicPlane()
+            sage: g = H.UHP().get_geodesic(CC(0,1), CC(2,2))
+            sage: gc = g.complete()
+            sage: parent(gc._to_std_geod(g.start().coordinates()))
+            Full MatrixSpace of 2 by 2 dense matrices over Complex Field
+            with 53 bits of precision
+        """
+        s, e = (k.coordinates() for k in self.complete().endpoints())
+        B = HyperbolicGeodesicUHP._get_B(p)
+        # outmat below will be returned after we normalize the determinant.
+        outmat = B * HyperbolicGeodesicUHP._crossratio_matrix(s, p, e)
+        outmat = outmat / outmat.det().sqrt()
+        if (outmat - outmat.conjugate()).norm(1) < 10**-9:
+            # Small imaginary part.
+            outmat = (outmat + outmat.conjugate()) / 2
+            # Set it equal to its real part.
+        return outmat
+
+    @staticmethod
+    def _crossratio_matrix(p0, p1, p2):  # UHP
+        r"""
+        Given three points (the list `p`) in `\mathbb{CP}^{1}` in affine
+        coordinates, return the linear fractional transformation taking
+        the elements of `p` to `0`, `1`, and `\infty`.
+
+        INPUT:
+
+        - ``p0``, ``p1``, ``p2`` -- a list of three distinct elements
+          of `\mathbb{CP}^1` in affine coordinates; that is, each element
+          must be a complex number, `\infty`, or symbolic.
+
+        OUTPUT: an element of `\GL(2,\CC)`
+
+        EXAMPLES::
+
+            sage: from sage.geometry.hyperbolic_space.hyperbolic_geodesic \
+            ....:   import HyperbolicGeodesicUHP
+            sage: from sage.geometry.hyperbolic_space.hyperbolic_isometry \
+            ....:   import moebius_transform
+            sage: UHP = HyperbolicPlane().UHP()
+            sage: (p1, p2, p3) = [UHP.random_point().coordinates()
+            ....:                   for k in range(3)]
+            sage: A = HyperbolicGeodesicUHP._crossratio_matrix(p1, p2, p3)
+            sage: bool(abs(moebius_transform(A, p1)) < 10**-9)
+            True
+            sage: bool(abs(moebius_transform(A, p2) - 1) < 10**-9)
+            True
+            sage: bool(moebius_transform(A, p3) == infinity)
+            True
+            sage: (x,y,z) = var('x,y,z')
+            sage: HyperbolicGeodesicUHP._crossratio_matrix(x,y,z)
+            [     y - z -x*(y - z)]
+            [    -x + y  (x - y)*z]
+        """
+
+        if p0 == infinity:
+            return matrix([[0, -(p1 - p2)], [-1, p2]])
+        elif p1 == infinity:
+            return matrix([[1, -p0], [1, -p2]])
+        elif p2 == infinity:
+            return matrix([[1, -p0], [0, p1 - p0]])
+        return matrix([[p1 - p2, (p1 - p2)*(-p0)],
+                       [p1 - p0, (p1 - p0)*(-p2)]])
+
+# ***********************************************************************
+#                       Other geodesics
+# ***********************************************************************
+
+
+class HyperbolicGeodesicPD(HyperbolicGeodesic):
+    r"""
+    A geodesic in the Poincaré disk model.
+
+    Geodesics in this model are represented by segments of circles contained
+    within the unit disk that are orthogonal to the boundary of the disk,
+    plus all diameters of the disk.
+
+    INPUT:
+
+    - ``start`` -- a :class:`HyperbolicPoint` in hyperbolic space
+      representing the start of the geodesic
+
+    - ``end`` -- a :class:`HyperbolicPoint` in hyperbolic space
+      representing the end of the geodesic
+
+    EXAMPLES::
+
+        sage: PD = HyperbolicPlane().PD()
+        sage: g = PD.get_geodesic(PD.get_point(I), PD.get_point(-I/2))
+        sage: g = PD.get_geodesic(I,-I/2)
+        sage: h = PD.get_geodesic(-1/2+I/2,1/2+I/2)
+
+    .. PLOT::
+
+         PD = HyperbolicPlane().PD()
+         g = PD.get_geodesic(I,-I/2)
+         h = PD.get_geodesic(-0.5+I*0.5,0.5+I*0.5)
+         sphinx_plot(g.plot()+h.plot(color='green'))
+    """
+
+    def plot(self, boundary=True, **options):
+        r"""
+        Plot ``self``.
+
+        EXAMPLES:
+
+        First some lines::
+
+            sage: PD = HyperbolicPlane().PD()
+            sage: PD.get_geodesic(0, 1).plot()                                          # needs sage.plot
+            Graphics object consisting of 2 graphics primitives
+
+        .. PLOT::
+
+            sphinx_plot(HyperbolicPlane().PD().get_geodesic(0, 1).plot())
+
+        ::
+
+            sage: PD.get_geodesic(0, 0.3+0.8*I).plot()                                  # needs sage.plot
+            Graphics object consisting of 2 graphics primitives
+
+        .. PLOT::
+
+            PD = HyperbolicPlane().PD()
+            sphinx_plot(PD.get_geodesic(0, 0.3+0.8*I).plot())
+
+        Then some generic geodesics::
+
+            sage: PD.get_geodesic(-0.5, 0.3+0.4*I).plot()                               # needs sage.plot
+            Graphics object consisting of 2 graphics primitives
+            sage: g = PD.get_geodesic(-1, exp(3*I*pi/7))
+            sage: G = g.plot(linestyle='dashed',color='red'); G                         # needs sage.plot
+            Graphics object consisting of 2 graphics primitives
+            sage: h = PD.get_geodesic(exp(2*I*pi/11), exp(1*I*pi/11))
+            sage: H = h.plot(thickness=6, color='orange'); H                            # needs sage.plot
+            Graphics object consisting of 2 graphics primitives
+            sage: show(G+H)                                                             # needs sage.plot
+
+        .. PLOT::
+
+            PD = HyperbolicPlane().PD()
+            PD.get_geodesic(-0.5, 0.3+0.4*I).plot()
+            g = PD.get_geodesic(-1, exp(3*I*pi/7))
+            G = g.plot(linestyle='dashed',color='red')
+            h = PD.get_geodesic(exp(2*I*pi/11), exp(1*I*pi/11))
+            H = h.plot(thickness=6, color='orange')
+            sphinx_plot(G+H)
+        """
+
+        opts = {'axes': False, 'aspect_ratio': 1}
+        opts.update(self.graphics_options())
+        opts.update(options)
+        end_1, end_2 = (CC(k.coordinates()) for k in self.endpoints())
+        bd_1, bd_2 = (CC(k.coordinates()) for k in self.ideal_endpoints())
+        # Check to see if it's a line
+        if abs(bd_1 + bd_2) < EPSILON:
+            pic = bezier_path([[(real(end_1), imag(end_1)), (real(end_2), imag(end_2))]], **opts)
+        else:
+            # If we are here, we know it's not a line
+            # So we compute the center and radius of the circle
+            invdet = RR.one() / (real(bd_1)*imag(bd_2) - real(bd_2)*imag(bd_1))
+            centerx = (imag(bd_2) - imag(bd_1)) * invdet
+            centery = (real(bd_1) - real(bd_2)) * invdet
+            center = centerx + I * centery
+            radius = RR(abs(bd_1 - center))
+            # Now we calculate the angles for the arc
+            theta1 = CC(end_1 - center).arg()
+            theta2 = CC(end_2 - center).arg()
+            theta1, theta2 = sorted([theta1, theta2])
+            # Make sure the sector is inside the disk
+            if theta2 - theta1 > pi:
+                theta1 += 2 * pi
+            pic = arc((centerx, centery), radius,
+                      sector=(theta1, theta2), **opts)
+        if boundary:
+            pic += self._model.get_background_graphic()
+        return pic
+
+
+class HyperbolicGeodesicKM(HyperbolicGeodesic):
+    r"""
+    A geodesic in the Klein disk model.
+
+    Geodesics are represented by the chords, straight line segments with ideal
+    endpoints on the boundary circle.
+
+    INPUT:
+
+    - ``start`` -- a :class:`HyperbolicPoint` in hyperbolic space
+      representing the start of the geodesic
+
+    - ``end`` -- a :class:`HyperbolicPoint` in hyperbolic space
+      representing the end of the geodesic
+
+    EXAMPLES::
+
+        sage: KM = HyperbolicPlane().KM()
+        sage: g = KM.get_geodesic((0.1,0.9),(-0.1,-0.9))
+        sage: h = KM.get_geodesic((-0.707106781,-0.707106781),(0.707106781,-0.707106781))
+        sage: P = g.plot(color='orange')+h.plot(); P                                    # needs sage.plot
+        Graphics object consisting of 4 graphics primitives
+
+    .. PLOT::
+
+        KM = HyperbolicPlane().KM()
+        g = KM.get_geodesic(CC(0.1,0.9),
+                            CC(-0.1,-0.9))
+        h = KM.get_geodesic(CC(-0.707106781,-0.707106781),
+                            CC(0.707106781,-0.707106781))
+        sphinx_plot(g.plot(color='orange')+h.plot())
+    """
+
+    def plot(self, boundary=True, **options):
+        r"""
+        Plot ``self``.
+
+        EXAMPLES::
+
+            sage: HyperbolicPlane().KM().get_geodesic(0, 1).plot()                      # needs sage.plot
+            Graphics object consisting of 2 graphics primitives
+
+        .. PLOT::
+
+            KM = HyperbolicPlane().KM()
+            sphinx_plot(KM.get_geodesic(CC(0,0), CC(1,0)).plot())
+        """
+        opts = {'axes': False, 'aspect_ratio': 1}
+        opts.update(self.graphics_options())
+        opts.update(options)
+
+        def map_pt(pt):
+            if pt in CC:
+                return CC(pt)
+            return CC(*pt)
+        end_1, end_2 = (map_pt(k.coordinates()) for k in self.endpoints())
+        pic = bezier_path([[(real(end_1), imag(end_1)),
+                            (real(end_2), imag(end_2))]], **opts)
+        if boundary:
+            pic += self._model.get_background_graphic()
+        return pic
+
+
+class HyperbolicGeodesicHM(HyperbolicGeodesic):
+    r"""
+    A geodesic in the hyperboloid model.
+
+    Valid points in the hyperboloid model satisfy :math:`x^2 + y^2 - z^2 = -1`
+
+    INPUT:
+
+    - ``start`` -- a :class:`HyperbolicPoint` in hyperbolic space
+      representing the start of the geodesic
+
+    - ``end`` -- a :class:`HyperbolicPoint` in hyperbolic space
+      representing the end of the geodesic
+
+    EXAMPLES::
+
+        sage: HM = HyperbolicPlane().HM()
+        sage: p1 = HM.get_point((4, -4, sqrt(33)))
+        sage: p2 = HM.get_point((-3,-3,sqrt(19)))
+        sage: g = HM.get_geodesic(p1, p2)
+        sage: g = HM.get_geodesic((4, -4, sqrt(33)), (-3, -3, sqrt(19)))
+
+    .. PLOT::
+
+        HM = HyperbolicPlane().HM()
+        p1 = HM.get_point((4, -4, sqrt(33)))
+        p2 = HM.get_point((-3,-3,sqrt(19)))
+        g = HM.get_geodesic(p1, p2)
+        sphinx_plot(g.plot(color='blue'))
+    """
+    def _plot_vertices(self, points=75):
+        r"""
+        Return ``self`` plotting vertices in `\RR^3`.
+
+        Auxiliary function needed to plot polygons.
+
+        EXAMPLES::
+
+            sage: HM = HyperbolicPlane().HM()
+            sage: p1 = HM.get_point((4, -4, sqrt(33)))
+            sage: p2 = HM.get_point((-3,-3,sqrt(19)))
+            sage: g = HM.get_geodesic(p1, p2)
+            sage: g._plot_vertices(5)                                                   # needs sage.plot
+            [(4.0, -4.0, 5.744562...),
+             (1.363213..., -1.637073..., 2.353372...),
+             (0.138568..., -0.969980..., 1.400022...),
+             (-0.942533..., -1.307681..., 1.896945...),
+             (-3.0, -3.0, 4.358898...)]
+        """
+        from sage.plot.misc import setup_for_eval_on_grid
+        from sage.arith.srange import xsrange
+
+        x = SR.var('x')
+        v1, u2 = (vector(k.coordinates()) for k in self.endpoints())
+        # Lorentzian Gram Shmidt.  The original vectors will be
+        # u1, u2 and the orthogonal ones will be v1, v2.  Except
+        # v1 = u1, and I don't want to declare another variable,
+        # hence the odd naming convention above.
+        # We need the Lorentz dot product of v1 and u2.
+        v1_ldot_u2 = u2[0]*v1[0] + u2[1]*v1[1] - u2[2]*v1[2]
+        v2 = u2 + v1_ldot_u2 * v1
+        v2_norm = sqrt(v2[0]**2 + v2[1]**2 - v2[2]**2)
+        v2 = v2 / v2_norm
+        v2_ldot_u2 = u2[0]*v2[0] + u2[1]*v2[1] - u2[2]*v2[2]
+        # Now v1 and v2 are Lorentz orthogonal, and |v1| = -1, |v2|=1
+        # That is, v1 is unit timelike and v2 is unit spacelike.
+        # This means that cosh(x)*v1 + sinh(x)*v2 is unit timelike.
+        hyperbola = tuple(cosh(x)*v1 + sinh(x)*v2)
+        endtime = arcsinh(v2_ldot_u2)
+        # mimic the function _parametric_plot3d_curve using a bezier3d
+        # instead of a line3d
+        # this is required in order to be able to plot hyperbolic
+        # polygons within the plot library
+        g, ranges = setup_for_eval_on_grid(hyperbola, [(x, 0, endtime)], points)
+        f_x, f_y, f_z = g
+        return [(f_x(u), f_y(u), f_z(u))
+                for u in xsrange(*ranges[0], include_endpoint=True)]
+
+    def plot(self, show_hyperboloid=True, **graphics_options):
+        r"""
+        Plot ``self``.
+
+        EXAMPLES::
+
+            sage: from sage.geometry.hyperbolic_space.hyperbolic_geodesic \
+            ....:    import *
+            sage: g = HyperbolicPlane().HM().random_geodesic()
+            sage: g.plot()                                                              # needs sage.plot
+            Graphics3d Object
+
+        .. PLOT::
+
+            sphinx_plot(HyperbolicPlane().HM().random_geodesic().plot())
+        """
+
+        x = SR.var('x')
+        opts = self.graphics_options()
+        opts.update(graphics_options)
+        v1, u2 = (vector(k.coordinates()) for k in self.endpoints())
+        # Lorentzian Gram Shmidt.  The original vectors will be
+        # u1, u2 and the orthogonal ones will be v1, v2.  Except
+        # v1 = u1, and I don't want to declare another variable,
+        # hence the odd naming convention above.
+        # We need the Lorentz dot product of v1 and u2.
+        v1_ldot_u2 = u2[0]*v1[0] + u2[1]*v1[1] - u2[2]*v1[2]
+        v2 = u2 + v1_ldot_u2 * v1
+        v2_norm = sqrt(v2[0]**2 + v2[1]**2 - v2[2]**2)
+        v2 = v2 / v2_norm
+        v2_ldot_u2 = u2[0]*v2[0] + u2[1]*v2[1] - u2[2]*v2[2]
+        # Now v1 and v2 are Lorentz orthogonal, and |v1| = -1, |v2|=1
+        # That is, v1 is unit timelike and v2 is unit spacelike.
+        # This means that cosh(x)*v1 + sinh(x)*v2 is unit timelike.
+        hyperbola = cosh(x)*v1 + sinh(x)*v2
+        endtime = arcsinh(v2_ldot_u2)
+        from sage.plot.plot3d.all import parametric_plot3d
+        pic = parametric_plot3d(hyperbola, (x, 0, endtime), **graphics_options)
+        if show_hyperboloid:
+            pic += self._model.get_background_graphic()
+        return pic