super-three 0.179.0 → 0.184.0

package/src/renderers/webgpu/utils/WebGPUTextureUtils.js

@@ -13,11 +13,14 @@ import {
 	RGBAFormat, RGBFormat, RedFormat, RGFormat, RGBA_S3TC_DXT1_Format, RGBA_S3TC_DXT3_Format, RGBA_S3TC_DXT5_Format, UnsignedByteType, FloatType, HalfFloatType, SRGBTransfer, DepthFormat, DepthStencilFormat,
 	RGBA_ASTC_4x4_Format, RGBA_ASTC_5x4_Format, RGBA_ASTC_5x5_Format, RGBA_ASTC_6x5_Format, RGBA_ASTC_6x6_Format, RGBA_ASTC_8x5_Format, RGBA_ASTC_8x6_Format, RGBA_ASTC_8x8_Format, RGBA_ASTC_10x5_Format,
 	RGBA_ASTC_10x6_Format, RGBA_ASTC_10x8_Format, RGBA_ASTC_10x10_Format, RGBA_ASTC_12x10_Format, RGBA_ASTC_12x12_Format, UnsignedIntType, UnsignedShortType, UnsignedInt248Type, UnsignedInt5999Type,
-	NeverCompare, AlwaysCompare, LessCompare, LessEqualCompare, EqualCompare, GreaterEqualCompare, GreaterCompare, NotEqualCompare, IntType, RedIntegerFormat, RGIntegerFormat, RGBAIntegerFormat
+	NeverCompare, AlwaysCompare, LessCompare, LessEqualCompare, EqualCompare, GreaterEqualCompare, GreaterCompare, NotEqualCompare, IntType, RedIntegerFormat, RGIntegerFormat, RGBAIntegerFormat,
+	UnsignedInt101111Type, RGBA_BPTC_Format, RGB_ETC1_Format, RGB_S3TC_DXT1_Format, RED_RGTC1_Format, SIGNED_RED_RGTC1_Format, RED_GREEN_RGTC2_Format, SIGNED_RED_GREEN_RGTC2_Format,
+	R11_EAC_Format, SIGNED_R11_EAC_Format, RG11_EAC_Format, SIGNED_RG11_EAC_Format,
+	Compatibility
 } from '../../../constants.js';
 import { CubeTexture } from '../../../textures/CubeTexture.js';
-import { DepthTexture } from '../../../textures/DepthTexture.js';
 import { Texture } from '../../../textures/Texture.js';
+import { warn, error } from '../../../utils.js';
 
 const _compareToWebGPU = {
 	[ NeverCompare ]: 'never',
@@ -86,20 +89,11 @@ class WebGPUTextureUtils {
 		this.defaultVideoFrame = null;
 
 		/**
-		 * Represents the color attachment of the default framebuffer.
+		 * A cache of shared texture samplers.
 		 *
-		 * @type {?GPUTexture}
-		 * @default null
+		 * @type {Map<string, Object>}
 		 */
-		this.colorBuffer = null;
-
-		/**
-		 * Represents the depth attachment of the default framebuffer.
-		 *
-		 * @type {DepthTexture}
-		 */
-		this.depthTexture = new DepthTexture();
-		this.depthTexture.name = 'depthBuffer';
+		this._samplerCache = new Map();
 
 	}
 
@@ -107,39 +101,90 @@ class WebGPUTextureUtils {
 	 * Creates a GPU sampler for the given texture.
 	 *
 	 * @param {Texture} texture - The texture to create the sampler for.
+	 * @return {string} The current sampler key.
 	 */
-	createSampler( texture ) {
+	updateSampler( texture ) {
 
 		const backend = this.backend;
-		const device = backend.device;
-
-		const textureGPU = backend.get( texture );
-
-		const samplerDescriptorGPU = {
-			addressModeU: this._convertAddressMode( texture.wrapS ),
-			addressModeV: this._convertAddressMode( texture.wrapT ),
-			addressModeW: this._convertAddressMode( texture.wrapR ),
-			magFilter: this._convertFilterMode( texture.magFilter ),
-			minFilter: this._convertFilterMode( texture.minFilter ),
-			mipmapFilter: this._convertFilterMode( texture.minFilter ),
-			maxAnisotropy: 1
-		};
 
-		// anisotropy can only be used when all filter modes are set to linear.
+		const samplerKey = texture.minFilter + '-' + texture.magFilter + '-' +
+			texture.wrapS + '-' + texture.wrapT + '-' + ( texture.wrapR || '0' ) + '-' +
+			texture.anisotropy + '-' + ( texture.compareFunction || 0 );
+
+		let samplerData = this._samplerCache.get( samplerKey );
+
+		if ( samplerData === undefined ) {
+
+			const samplerDescriptorGPU = {
+				addressModeU: this._convertAddressMode( texture.wrapS ),
+				addressModeV: this._convertAddressMode( texture.wrapT ),
+				addressModeW: this._convertAddressMode( texture.wrapR ),
+				magFilter: this._convertFilterMode( texture.magFilter ),
+				minFilter: this._convertFilterMode( texture.minFilter ),
+				mipmapFilter: this._convertFilterMode( texture.minFilter ),
+				maxAnisotropy: 1
+			};
+
+			// Depth textures without compare function must use non-filtering (nearest) sampling
+			if ( texture.isDepthTexture && texture.compareFunction === null ) {
+
+				samplerDescriptorGPU.magFilter = GPUFilterMode.Nearest;
+				samplerDescriptorGPU.minFilter = GPUFilterMode.Nearest;
+				samplerDescriptorGPU.mipmapFilter = GPUFilterMode.Nearest;
+
+			}
 
-		if ( samplerDescriptorGPU.magFilter === GPUFilterMode.Linear && samplerDescriptorGPU.minFilter === GPUFilterMode.Linear && samplerDescriptorGPU.mipmapFilter === GPUFilterMode.Linear ) {
+			// anisotropy can only be used when all filter modes are set to linear.
 
-			samplerDescriptorGPU.maxAnisotropy = texture.anisotropy;
+			if ( samplerDescriptorGPU.magFilter === GPUFilterMode.Linear && samplerDescriptorGPU.minFilter === GPUFilterMode.Linear && samplerDescriptorGPU.mipmapFilter === GPUFilterMode.Linear ) {
+
+				samplerDescriptorGPU.maxAnisotropy = texture.anisotropy;
+
+			}
+
+			if ( texture.isDepthTexture && texture.compareFunction !== null && backend.hasCompatibility( Compatibility.TEXTURE_COMPARE ) ) {
+
+				samplerDescriptorGPU.compare = _compareToWebGPU[ texture.compareFunction ];
+
+			}
+
+			const sampler = backend.device.createSampler( samplerDescriptorGPU );
+
+			samplerData = { sampler, usedTimes: 0 };
+
+			this._samplerCache.set( samplerKey, samplerData );
 
 		}
 
-		if ( texture.isDepthTexture && texture.compareFunction !== null ) {
+		const textureData = backend.get( texture );
+
+		if ( textureData.sampler !== samplerData.sampler ) {
 
-			samplerDescriptorGPU.compare = _compareToWebGPU[ texture.compareFunction ];
+			// check if previous sampler is unused so it can be deleted
+
+			if ( textureData.sampler !== undefined ) {
+
+				const oldSamplerData = this._samplerCache.get( textureData.samplerKey );
+				oldSamplerData.usedTimes --;
+
+				if ( oldSamplerData.usedTimes === 0 ) {
+
+					this._samplerCache.delete( textureData.samplerKey );
+
+				}
+
+			}
+
+			// update to new sampler data
+
+			textureData.samplerKey = samplerKey;
+			textureData.sampler = samplerData.sampler;
+
+			samplerData.usedTimes ++;
 
 		}
 
-		textureGPU.sampler = device.createSampler( samplerDescriptorGPU );
+		return samplerKey;
 
 	}
 
@@ -153,7 +198,7 @@ class WebGPUTextureUtils {
 
 		let textureGPU;
 
-		const format = getFormat( texture );
+		const format = getFormat( texture, this.backend.device );
 
 		if ( texture.isCubeTexture ) {
 
@@ -186,6 +231,15 @@ class WebGPUTextureUtils {
 
 		}
 
+		if ( texture.isExternalTexture ) {
+
+			textureData.texture = texture.sourceTexture;
+			textureData.initialized = true;
+
+			return;
+
+		}
+
 		if ( options.needsMipmaps === undefined ) options.needsMipmaps = false;
 		if ( options.levels === undefined ) options.levels = 1;
 		if ( options.depth === undefined ) options.depth = 1;
@@ -221,7 +275,7 @@ class WebGPUTextureUtils {
 
 		}
 
-		if ( texture.isCompressedTexture !== true && texture.isCompressedArrayTexture !== true ) {
+		if ( texture.isCompressedTexture !== true && texture.isCompressedArrayTexture !== true && format !== GPUTextureFormat.RGB9E5UFloat ) {
 
 			usage |= GPUTextureUsage.RENDER_ATTACHMENT;
 
@@ -245,7 +299,7 @@ class WebGPUTextureUtils {
 
 		if ( format === undefined ) {
 
-			console.warn( 'WebGPURenderer: Texture format not supported.' );
+			warn( 'WebGPURenderer: Texture format not supported.' );
 
 			this.createDefaultTexture( texture );
 			return;
@@ -258,7 +312,17 @@ class WebGPUTextureUtils {
 
 		}
 
-		textureData.texture = backend.device.createTexture( textureDescriptorGPU );
+		try {
+
+			textureData.texture = backend.device.createTexture( textureDescriptorGPU );
+
+		} catch ( e ) {
+
+			warn( 'WebGPURenderer: Failed to create texture with descriptor:', textureDescriptorGPU );
+			this.createDefaultTexture( texture );
+			return;
+
+		}
 
 		if ( isMSAA ) {
 
@@ -266,6 +330,7 @@ class WebGPUTextureUtils {
 
 			msaaTextureDescriptorGPU.label = msaaTextureDescriptorGPU.label + '-msaa';
 			msaaTextureDescriptorGPU.sampleCount = samples;
+			msaaTextureDescriptorGPU.mipLevelCount = 1; // See https://www.w3.org/TR/webgpu/#texture-creation
 
 			textureData.msaaTexture = backend.device.createTexture( msaaTextureDescriptorGPU );
 
@@ -281,13 +346,14 @@ class WebGPUTextureUtils {
 	 * Destroys the GPU data for the given texture object.
 	 *
 	 * @param {Texture} texture - The texture.
+	 * @param {boolean} [isDefaultTexture=false] - Whether the texture uses a default GPU texture or not.
 	 */
-	destroyTexture( texture ) {
+	destroyTexture( texture, isDefaultTexture = false ) {
 
 		const backend = this.backend;
 		const textureData = backend.get( texture );
 
-		if ( textureData.texture !== undefined ) textureData.texture.destroy();
+		if ( textureData.texture !== undefined && isDefaultTexture === false ) textureData.texture.destroy();
 
 		if ( textureData.msaaTexture !== undefined ) textureData.msaaTexture.destroy();
 
@@ -295,48 +361,17 @@ class WebGPUTextureUtils {
 
 	}
 
-	/**
-	 * Destroys the GPU sampler for the given texture.
-	 *
-	 * @param {Texture} texture - The texture to destroy the sampler for.
-	 */
-	destroySampler( texture ) {
-
-		const backend = this.backend;
-		const textureData = backend.get( texture );
-
-		delete textureData.sampler;
-
-	}
-
 	/**
 	 * Generates mipmaps for the given texture.
 	 *
 	 * @param {Texture} texture - The texture.
+	 * @param {?GPUCommandEncoder} [encoder=null] - An optional command encoder used to generate mipmaps.
 	 */
-	generateMipmaps( texture ) {
+	generateMipmaps( texture, encoder = null ) {
 
 		const textureData = this.backend.get( texture );
 
-		if ( texture.isCubeTexture ) {
-
-			for ( let i = 0; i < 6; i ++ ) {
-
-				this._generateMipmaps( textureData.texture, textureData.textureDescriptorGPU, i );
-
-			}
-
-		} else {
-
-			const depth = texture.image.depth || 1;
-
-			for ( let i = 0; i < depth; i ++ ) {
-
-				this._generateMipmaps( textureData.texture, textureData.textureDescriptorGPU, i );
-
-			}
-
-		}
+		this._generateMipmaps( textureData.texture, encoder );
 
 	}
 
@@ -348,24 +383,47 @@ class WebGPUTextureUtils {
 	 */
 	getColorBuffer() {
 
-		if ( this.colorBuffer ) this.colorBuffer.destroy();
-
 		const backend = this.backend;
+		const canvasTarget = backend.renderer.getCanvasTarget();
 		const { width, height } = backend.getDrawingBufferSize();
+		const samples = backend.renderer.currentSamples;
+
+		const colorTexture = canvasTarget.colorTexture;
+		const colorTextureData = backend.get( colorTexture );
 
-		this.colorBuffer = backend.device.createTexture( {
+		if ( colorTexture.width === width && colorTexture.height === height && colorTexture.samples === samples ) {
+
+			return colorTextureData.texture;
+
+		}
+
+		// recreate
+
+		let colorBuffer = colorTextureData.texture;
+
+		if ( colorBuffer ) colorBuffer.destroy();
+
+		colorBuffer = backend.device.createTexture( {
 			label: 'colorBuffer',
 			size: {
 				width: width,
 				height: height,
 				depthOrArrayLayers: 1
 			},
-			sampleCount: backend.utils.getSampleCount( backend.renderer.samples ),
+			sampleCount: backend.utils.getSampleCount( backend.renderer.currentSamples ),
 			format: backend.utils.getPreferredCanvasFormat(),
 			usage: GPUTextureUsage.RENDER_ATTACHMENT | GPUTextureUsage.COPY_SRC
 		} );
 
-		return this.colorBuffer;
+		//
+
+		colorTexture.source.width = width;
+		colorTexture.source.height = height;
+		colorTexture.samples = samples;
+
+		colorTextureData.texture = colorBuffer;
+
+		return colorBuffer;
 
 	}
 
@@ -380,9 +438,24 @@ class WebGPUTextureUtils {
 	getDepthBuffer( depth = true, stencil = false ) {
 
 		const backend = this.backend;
+		const canvasTarget = backend.renderer.getCanvasTarget();
 		const { width, height } = backend.getDrawingBufferSize();
+		const samples = backend.renderer.currentSamples;
+
+		const depthTexture = canvasTarget.depthTexture;
+
+		if ( depthTexture.width === width &&
+			depthTexture.height === height &&
+			depthTexture.samples === samples &&
+			depthTexture.depth === depth &&
+			depthTexture.stencil === stencil ) {
+
+			return backend.get( depthTexture ).texture;
+
+		}
+
+		//
 
-		const depthTexture = this.depthTexture;
 		const depthTextureGPU = backend.get( depthTexture ).texture;
 
 		let format, type;
@@ -390,18 +463,18 @@ class WebGPUTextureUtils {
 		if ( stencil ) {
 
 			format = DepthStencilFormat;
-			type = UnsignedInt248Type;
+			type = backend.renderer.reversedDepthBuffer === true ? FloatType : UnsignedInt248Type;
 
 		} else if ( depth ) {
 
 			format = DepthFormat;
-			type = UnsignedIntType;
+			type = backend.renderer.reversedDepthBuffer === true ? FloatType : UnsignedIntType;
 
 		}
 
 		if ( depthTextureGPU !== undefined ) {
 
-			if ( depthTexture.image.width === width && depthTexture.image.height === height && depthTexture.format === format && depthTexture.type === type ) {
+			if ( depthTexture.image.width === width && depthTexture.image.height === height && depthTexture.format === format && depthTexture.type === type && depthTexture.samples === samples ) {
 
 				return depthTextureGPU;
 
@@ -411,11 +484,14 @@ class WebGPUTextureUtils {
 
 		}
 
+		// recreate
+
 		depthTexture.name = 'depthBuffer';
 		depthTexture.format = format;
 		depthTexture.type = type;
 		depthTexture.image.width = width;
 		depthTexture.image.height = height;
+		depthTexture.samples = samples;
 
 		this.createTexture( depthTexture, { width, height } );
 
@@ -432,6 +508,7 @@ class WebGPUTextureUtils {
 	updateTexture( texture, options ) {
 
 		const textureData = this.backend.get( texture );
+		const mipmaps = texture.mipmaps;
 
 		const { textureDescriptorGPU } = textureData;
 
@@ -442,13 +519,42 @@ class WebGPUTextureUtils {
 
 		if ( texture.isDataTexture ) {
 
-			this._copyBufferToTexture( options.image, textureData.texture, textureDescriptorGPU, 0, texture.flipY );
+			if ( mipmaps.length > 0 ) {
+
+				for ( let i = 0, il = mipmaps.length; i < il; i ++ ) {
+
+					const mipmap = mipmaps[ i ];
+
+					this._copyBufferToTexture( mipmap, textureData.texture, textureDescriptorGPU, 0, texture.flipY, 0, i );
+
+				}
+
+
+			} else {
+
+				this._copyBufferToTexture( options.image, textureData.texture, textureDescriptorGPU, 0, texture.flipY );
+
+			}
 
 		} else if ( texture.isArrayTexture || texture.isDataArrayTexture || texture.isData3DTexture ) {
 
-			for ( let i = 0; i < options.image.depth; i ++ ) {
+			if ( texture.layerUpdates && texture.layerUpdates.size > 0 ) {
+
+				for ( const layerIndex of texture.layerUpdates ) {
+
+					this._copyBufferToTexture( options.image, textureData.texture, textureDescriptorGPU, layerIndex, texture.flipY, layerIndex );
+
+				}
+
+				texture.clearLayerUpdates();
+
+			} else {
+
+				for ( let i = 0; i < options.image.depth; i ++ ) {
 
-				this._copyBufferToTexture( options.image, textureData.texture, textureDescriptorGPU, i, texture.flipY, i );
+					this._copyBufferToTexture( options.image, textureData.texture, textureDescriptorGPU, i, texture.flipY, i );
+
+				}
 
 			}
 
@@ -458,11 +564,57 @@ class WebGPUTextureUtils {
 
 		} else if ( texture.isCubeTexture ) {
 
-			this._copyCubeMapToTexture( options.images, textureData.texture, textureDescriptorGPU, texture.flipY, texture.premultiplyAlpha );
+			this._copyCubeMapToTexture( texture, textureData.texture, textureDescriptorGPU );
+
+		} else if ( texture.isHTMLTexture ) {
+
+			const device = this.backend.device;
+			const canvas = this.backend.renderer.domElement;
+			const image = texture.image;
+
+			if ( typeof device.queue.copyElementImageToTexture !== 'function' ) return;
+
+			// Skip the first frame — the element needs a paint record first.
+			if ( ! textureData.hasPaintCallback ) {
+
+				textureData.hasPaintCallback = true;
+				canvas.requestPaint();
+				return;
+
+			}
+
+			const width = textureDescriptorGPU.size.width;
+			const height = textureDescriptorGPU.size.height;
+
+			device.queue.copyElementImageToTexture(
+				image, width, height,
+				{ texture: textureData.texture }
+			);
+
+			if ( texture.flipY ) {
+
+				this._flipY( textureData.texture, textureDescriptorGPU );
+
+			}
 
 		} else {
 
-			this._copyImageToTexture( options.image, textureData.texture, textureDescriptorGPU, 0, texture.flipY, texture.premultiplyAlpha );
+			if ( mipmaps.length > 0 ) {
+
+				for ( let i = 0, il = mipmaps.length; i < il; i ++ ) {
+
+					const mipmap = mipmaps[ i ];
+
+					this._copyImageToTexture( mipmap, textureData.texture, textureDescriptorGPU, 0, texture.flipY, texture.premultiplyAlpha, i );
+
+				}
+
+
+			} else {
+
+				this._copyImageToTexture( options.image, textureData.texture, textureDescriptorGPU, 0, texture.flipY, texture.premultiplyAlpha );
+
+			}
 
 		}
 
@@ -470,8 +622,6 @@ class WebGPUTextureUtils {
 
 		textureData.version = texture.version;
 
-		if ( texture.onUpdate ) texture.onUpdate( texture );
-
 	}
 
 	/**
@@ -500,7 +650,7 @@ class WebGPUTextureUtils {
 
 		const readBuffer = device.createBuffer(
 			{
-				size: width * height * bytesPerTexel,
+				size: ( ( height - 1 ) * bytesPerRow ) + ( width * bytesPerTexel ), // see https://github.com/mrdoob/three.js/issues/31658#issuecomment-3229442010
 				usage: GPUBufferUsage.COPY_DST | GPUBufferUsage.MAP_READ
 			}
 		);
@@ -529,12 +679,23 @@ class WebGPUTextureUtils {
 
 		await readBuffer.mapAsync( GPUMapMode.READ );
 
-		const buffer = readBuffer.getMappedRange();
+		const buffer = readBuffer.getMappedRange().slice();
+
+		readBuffer.destroy();
 
 		return new typedArrayType( buffer );
 
 	}
 
+	/**
+	 * Frees all internal resources.
+	 */
+	dispose() {
+
+		this._samplerCache.clear();
+
+	}
+
 	/**
 	 * Returns the default GPU texture for the given format.
 	 *
@@ -571,7 +732,7 @@ class WebGPUTextureUtils {
 	 */
 	_getDefaultCubeTextureGPU( format ) {
 
-		let defaultCubeTexture = this.defaultTexture[ format ];
+		let defaultCubeTexture = this.defaultCubeTexture[ format ];
 
 		if ( defaultCubeTexture === undefined ) {
 
@@ -593,27 +754,46 @@ class WebGPUTextureUtils {
 	 * Uploads cube texture image data to the GPU memory.
 	 *
 	 * @private
-	 * @param {Array} images - The cube image data.
+	 * @param {CubeTexture} texture - The cube texture.
 	 * @param {GPUTexture} textureGPU - The GPU texture.
 	 * @param {Object} textureDescriptorGPU - The GPU texture descriptor.
-	 * @param {boolean} flipY - Whether to flip texture data along their vertical axis or not.
-	 * @param {boolean} premultiplyAlpha - Whether the texture should have its RGB channels premultiplied by the alpha channel or not.
 	 */
-	_copyCubeMapToTexture( images, textureGPU, textureDescriptorGPU, flipY, premultiplyAlpha ) {
+	_copyCubeMapToTexture( texture, textureGPU, textureDescriptorGPU ) {
+
+		const images = texture.images;
+		const mipmaps = texture.mipmaps;
 
 		for ( let i = 0; i < 6; i ++ ) {
 
 			const image = images[ i ];
 
-			const flipIndex = flipY === true ? _flipMap[ i ] : i;
+			const flipIndex = texture.flipY === true ? _flipMap[ i ] : i;
 
 			if ( image.isDataTexture ) {
 
-				this._copyBufferToTexture( image.image, textureGPU, textureDescriptorGPU, flipIndex, flipY );
+				this._copyBufferToTexture( image.image, textureGPU, textureDescriptorGPU, flipIndex, texture.flipY );
 
 			} else {
 
-				this._copyImageToTexture( image, textureGPU, textureDescriptorGPU, flipIndex, flipY, premultiplyAlpha );
+				this._copyImageToTexture( image, textureGPU, textureDescriptorGPU, flipIndex, texture.flipY, texture.premultiplyAlpha );
+
+			}
+
+			for ( let j = 0; j < mipmaps.length; j ++ ) {
+
+				const mipmap = mipmaps[ j ];
+				const image = mipmap.images[ i ];
+
+				if ( image.isDataTexture ) {
+
+					this._copyBufferToTexture( image.image, textureGPU, textureDescriptorGPU, flipIndex, texture.flipY, 0, j + 1 );
+
+				} else {
+
+					this._copyImageToTexture( image, textureGPU, textureDescriptorGPU, flipIndex, texture.flipY, texture.premultiplyAlpha, j + 1 );
+
+				}
+
 
 			}
 
@@ -631,26 +811,36 @@ class WebGPUTextureUtils {
 	 * @param {number} originDepth - The origin depth.
 	 * @param {boolean} flipY - Whether to flip texture data along their vertical axis or not.
 	 * @param {boolean} premultiplyAlpha - Whether the texture should have its RGB channels premultiplied by the alpha channel or not.
+	 * @param {number} [mipLevel=0] - The mip level where the data should be copied to.
 	 */
-	_copyImageToTexture( image, textureGPU, textureDescriptorGPU, originDepth, flipY, premultiplyAlpha ) {
+	_copyImageToTexture( image, textureGPU, textureDescriptorGPU, originDepth, flipY, premultiplyAlpha, mipLevel = 0 ) {
 
 		const device = this.backend.device;
 
-		device.queue.copyExternalImageToTexture(
-			{
-				source: image,
-				flipY: flipY
-			}, {
-				texture: textureGPU,
-				mipLevel: 0,
-				origin: { x: 0, y: 0, z: originDepth },
-				premultipliedAlpha: premultiplyAlpha
-			}, {
-				width: textureDescriptorGPU.size.width,
-				height: textureDescriptorGPU.size.height,
-				depthOrArrayLayers: 1
-			}
-		);
+		const width = ( mipLevel > 0 ) ? image.width : textureDescriptorGPU.size.width;
+		const height = ( mipLevel > 0 ) ? image.height : textureDescriptorGPU.size.height;
+
+		try {
+
+			device.queue.copyExternalImageToTexture(
+				{
+					source: image,
+					flipY: flipY
+				}, {
+					texture: textureGPU,
+					mipLevel: mipLevel,
+					origin: { x: 0, y: 0, z: originDepth },
+					premultipliedAlpha: premultiplyAlpha
+				}, {
+					width: width,
+					height: height,
+					depthOrArrayLayers: 1
+				}
+			);
+
+			// try/catch has been added to fix bad video frame data on certain devices, see #32391
+
+		} catch ( _ ) {}
 
 	}
 
@@ -679,12 +869,11 @@ class WebGPUTextureUtils {
 	 *
 	 * @private
 	 * @param {GPUTexture} textureGPU - The GPU texture object.
-	 * @param {Object} textureDescriptorGPU - The texture descriptor.
-	 * @param {number} [baseArrayLayer=0] - The index of the first array layer accessible to the texture view.
+	 * @param {?GPUCommandEncoder} [encoder=null] - An optional command encoder used to generate mipmaps.
 	 */
-	_generateMipmaps( textureGPU, textureDescriptorGPU, baseArrayLayer = 0 ) {
+	_generateMipmaps( textureGPU, encoder = null ) {
 
-		this._getPassUtils().generateMipmaps( textureGPU, textureDescriptorGPU, baseArrayLayer );
+		this._getPassUtils().generateMipmaps( textureGPU, encoder );
 
 	}
 
@@ -711,9 +900,10 @@ class WebGPUTextureUtils {
 	 * @param {Object} textureDescriptorGPU - The GPU texture descriptor.
 	 * @param {number} originDepth - The origin depth.
 	 * @param {boolean} flipY - Whether to flip texture data along their vertical axis or not.
-	 * @param {number} [depth=0] - TODO.
+	 * @param {number} [depth=0] - The depth offset when copying array or 3D texture data.
+	 * @param {number} [mipLevel=0] - The mip level where the data should be copied to.
 	 */
-	_copyBufferToTexture( image, textureGPU, textureDescriptorGPU, originDepth, flipY, depth = 0 ) {
+	_copyBufferToTexture( image, textureGPU, textureDescriptorGPU, originDepth, flipY, depth = 0, mipLevel = 0 ) {
 
 		// @TODO: Consider to use GPUCommandEncoder.copyBufferToTexture()
 		// @TODO: Consider to support valid buffer layouts with other formats like RGB
@@ -728,7 +918,7 @@ class WebGPUTextureUtils {
 		device.queue.writeTexture(
 			{
 				texture: textureGPU,
-				mipLevel: 0,
+				mipLevel: mipLevel,
 				origin: { x: 0, y: 0, z: originDepth }
 			},
 			data,
@@ -916,7 +1106,9 @@ class WebGPUTextureUtils {
 			format === GPUTextureFormat.RG8Unorm ||
 			format === GPUTextureFormat.RG8Snorm ||
 			format === GPUTextureFormat.RG8Uint ||
-			format === GPUTextureFormat.RG8Sint ) return 2;
+			format === GPUTextureFormat.RG8Sint ||
+			format === GPUTextureFormat.R16Unorm ||
+			format === GPUTextureFormat.R16Snorm ) return 2;
 
 		// 32-bit formats
 		if ( format === GPUTextureFormat.R32Uint ||
@@ -932,6 +1124,8 @@ class WebGPUTextureUtils {
 			format === GPUTextureFormat.RGBA8Sint ||
 			format === GPUTextureFormat.BGRA8Unorm ||
 			format === GPUTextureFormat.BGRA8UnormSRGB ||
+			format === GPUTextureFormat.RG16Unorm ||
+			format === GPUTextureFormat.RG16Snorm ||
 			// Packed 32-bit formats
 			format === GPUTextureFormat.RGB9E5UFloat ||
 			format === GPUTextureFormat.RGB10A2Unorm ||
@@ -947,7 +1141,9 @@ class WebGPUTextureUtils {
 			format === GPUTextureFormat.RG32Float ||
 			format === GPUTextureFormat.RGBA16Uint ||
 			format === GPUTextureFormat.RGBA16Sint ||
-			format === GPUTextureFormat.RGBA16Float ) return 8;
+			format === GPUTextureFormat.RGBA16Float ||
+			format === GPUTextureFormat.RGBA16Unorm ||
+			format === GPUTextureFormat.RGBA16Snorm ) return 8;
 
 		// 128-bit formats
 		if ( format === GPUTextureFormat.RGBA32Uint ||
@@ -976,7 +1172,7 @@ class WebGPUTextureUtils {
 		if ( format === GPUTextureFormat.RG8Snorm ) return Int8Array;
 		if ( format === GPUTextureFormat.RGBA8Uint ) return Uint8Array;
 		if ( format === GPUTextureFormat.RGBA8Sint ) return Int8Array;
-		if ( format === GPUTextureFormat.RGBA8Unorm ) return Uint8Array;
+		if ( format === GPUTextureFormat.RGBA8Unorm || format === GPUTextureFormat.RGBA8UnormSRGB ) return Uint8Array;
 		if ( format === GPUTextureFormat.RGBA8Snorm ) return Int8Array;
 
 
@@ -990,6 +1186,12 @@ class WebGPUTextureUtils {
 		if ( format === GPUTextureFormat.RG16Float ) return Uint16Array;
 		if ( format === GPUTextureFormat.RGBA16Float ) return Uint16Array;
 
+		if ( format === GPUTextureFormat.R16Unorm ) return Uint16Array;
+		if ( format === GPUTextureFormat.R16Snorm ) return Int16Array;
+		if ( format === GPUTextureFormat.RG16Unorm ) return Uint16Array;
+		if ( format === GPUTextureFormat.RG16Snorm ) return Int16Array;
+		if ( format === GPUTextureFormat.RGBA16Unorm ) return Uint16Array;
+		if ( format === GPUTextureFormat.RGBA16Snorm ) return Int16Array;
 
 		if ( format === GPUTextureFormat.R32Uint ) return Uint32Array;
 		if ( format === GPUTextureFormat.R32Sint ) return Int32Array;
@@ -1001,8 +1203,7 @@ class WebGPUTextureUtils {
 		if ( format === GPUTextureFormat.RGBA32Sint ) return Int32Array;
 		if ( format === GPUTextureFormat.RGBA32Float ) return Float32Array;
 
-		if ( format === GPUTextureFormat.BGRA8Unorm ) return Uint8Array;
-		if ( format === GPUTextureFormat.BGRA8UnormSRGB ) return Uint8Array;
+		if ( format === GPUTextureFormat.BGRA8Unorm || format === GPUTextureFormat.BGRA8UnormSRGB ) return Uint8Array;
 		if ( format === GPUTextureFormat.RGB10A2Unorm ) return Uint32Array;
 		if ( format === GPUTextureFormat.RGB9E5UFloat ) return Uint32Array;
 		if ( format === GPUTextureFormat.RG11B10UFloat ) return Uint32Array;
@@ -1045,23 +1246,38 @@ class WebGPUTextureUtils {
  * Returns the GPU format for the given texture.
  *
  * @param {Texture} texture - The texture.
- * @param {?GPUDevice} [device=null] - The GPU device which is used for feature detection.
- * It is not necessary to apply the device for most formats.
+ * @param {GPUDevice} [device] - The GPU device which is used for feature detection.
  * @return {string} The GPU format.
  */
-export function getFormat( texture, device = null ) {
+export function getFormat( texture, device ) {
 
 	const format = texture.format;
 	const type = texture.type;
+	const normalized = texture.normalized;
 	const colorSpace = texture.colorSpace;
 	const transfer = ColorManagement.getTransfer( colorSpace );
 
 	let formatGPU;
 
+	let textureFormatsTier1 = false;
+
+	if ( normalized ) {
+
+		textureFormatsTier1 = device.features.has( GPUFeatureName.TextureFormatsTier1 );
+
+		if ( textureFormatsTier1 === false ) {
+
+			warn( 'WebGPURenderer: Unable to use normalized textures without texture-formats-tier1 feature.' );
+
+		}
+
+	}
+
 	if ( texture.isCompressedTexture === true || texture.isCompressedArrayTexture === true ) {
 
 		switch ( format ) {
 
+			case RGB_S3TC_DXT1_Format:
 			case RGBA_S3TC_DXT1_Format:
 				formatGPU = ( transfer === SRGBTransfer ) ? GPUTextureFormat.BC1RGBAUnormSRGB : GPUTextureFormat.BC1RGBAUnorm;
 				break;
@@ -1074,7 +1290,28 @@ export function getFormat( texture, device = null ) {
 				formatGPU = ( transfer === SRGBTransfer ) ? GPUTextureFormat.BC3RGBAUnormSRGB : GPUTextureFormat.BC3RGBAUnorm;
 				break;
 
+			case RED_RGTC1_Format:
+				formatGPU = GPUTextureFormat.BC4RUnorm;
+				break;
+
+			case SIGNED_RED_RGTC1_Format:
+				formatGPU = GPUTextureFormat.BC4RSnorm;
+				break;
+
+			case RED_GREEN_RGTC2_Format:
+				formatGPU = GPUTextureFormat.BC5RGUnorm;
+				break;
+
+			case SIGNED_RED_GREEN_RGTC2_Format:
+				formatGPU = GPUTextureFormat.BC5RGSnorm;
+				break;
+
+			case RGBA_BPTC_Format:
+				formatGPU = ( transfer === SRGBTransfer ) ? GPUTextureFormat.BC7RGBAUnormSRGB : GPUTextureFormat.BC7RGBAUnorm;
+				break;
+
 			case RGB_ETC2_Format:
+			case RGB_ETC1_Format:
 				formatGPU = ( transfer === SRGBTransfer ) ? GPUTextureFormat.ETC2RGB8UnormSRGB : GPUTextureFormat.ETC2RGB8Unorm;
 				break;
 
@@ -1082,6 +1319,22 @@ export function getFormat( texture, device = null ) {
 				formatGPU = ( transfer === SRGBTransfer ) ? GPUTextureFormat.ETC2RGBA8UnormSRGB : GPUTextureFormat.ETC2RGBA8Unorm;
 				break;
 
+			case R11_EAC_Format:
+				formatGPU = GPUTextureFormat.EACR11Unorm;
+				break;
+
+			case SIGNED_R11_EAC_Format:
+				formatGPU = GPUTextureFormat.EACR11Snorm;
+				break;
+
+			case RG11_EAC_Format:
+				formatGPU = GPUTextureFormat.EACRG11Unorm;
+				break;
+
+			case SIGNED_RG11_EAC_Format:
+				formatGPU = GPUTextureFormat.EACRG11Snorm;
+				break;
+
 			case RGBA_ASTC_4x4_Format:
 				formatGPU = ( transfer === SRGBTransfer ) ? GPUTextureFormat.ASTC4x4UnormSRGB : GPUTextureFormat.ASTC4x4Unorm;
 				break;
@@ -1143,7 +1396,7 @@ export function getFormat( texture, device = null ) {
 				break;
 
 			default:
-				console.error( 'WebGPURenderer: Unsupported texture format.', format );
+				error( 'WebGPURenderer: Unsupported texture format.', format );
 
 		}
 
@@ -1160,12 +1413,13 @@ export function getFormat( texture, device = null ) {
 						break;
 
 					case ShortType:
-						formatGPU = GPUTextureFormat.RGBA16Sint;
+						formatGPU = textureFormatsTier1 ? GPUTextureFormat.RGBA16Snorm : GPUTextureFormat.RGBA16Sint;
 						break;
 
 					case UnsignedShortType:
-						formatGPU = GPUTextureFormat.RGBA16Uint;
+						formatGPU = textureFormatsTier1 ? GPUTextureFormat.RGBA16Unorm : GPUTextureFormat.RGBA16Uint;
 						break;
+
 					case UnsignedIntType:
 						formatGPU = GPUTextureFormat.RGBA32Uint;
 						break;
@@ -1187,7 +1441,7 @@ export function getFormat( texture, device = null ) {
 						break;
 
 					default:
-						console.error( 'WebGPURenderer: Unsupported texture type with RGBAFormat.', type );
+						error( 'WebGPURenderer: Unsupported texture type with RGBAFormat.', type );
 
 				}
 
@@ -1201,8 +1455,12 @@ export function getFormat( texture, device = null ) {
 						formatGPU = GPUTextureFormat.RGB9E5UFloat;
 						break;
 
+					case UnsignedInt101111Type:
+						formatGPU = GPUTextureFormat.RG11B10UFloat;
+						break;
+
 					default:
-						console.error( 'WebGPURenderer: Unsupported texture type with RGBFormat.', type );
+						error( 'WebGPURenderer: Unsupported texture type with RGBFormat.', type );
 
 				}
 
@@ -1217,11 +1475,11 @@ export function getFormat( texture, device = null ) {
 						break;
 
 					case ShortType:
-						formatGPU = GPUTextureFormat.R16Sint;
+						formatGPU = textureFormatsTier1 ? GPUTextureFormat.R16Snorm : GPUTextureFormat.R16Sint;
 						break;
 
 					case UnsignedShortType:
-						formatGPU = GPUTextureFormat.R16Uint;
+						formatGPU = textureFormatsTier1 ? GPUTextureFormat.R16Unorm : GPUTextureFormat.R16Uint;
 						break;
 
 					case UnsignedIntType:
@@ -1245,7 +1503,7 @@ export function getFormat( texture, device = null ) {
 						break;
 
 					default:
-						console.error( 'WebGPURenderer: Unsupported texture type with RedFormat.', type );
+						error( 'WebGPURenderer: Unsupported texture type with RedFormat.', type );
 
 				}
 
@@ -1260,11 +1518,11 @@ export function getFormat( texture, device = null ) {
 						break;
 
 					case ShortType:
-						formatGPU = GPUTextureFormat.RG16Sint;
+						formatGPU = textureFormatsTier1 ? GPUTextureFormat.RG16Snorm : GPUTextureFormat.RG16Sint;
 						break;
 
 					case UnsignedShortType:
-						formatGPU = GPUTextureFormat.RG16Uint;
+						formatGPU = textureFormatsTier1 ? GPUTextureFormat.RG16Unorm : GPUTextureFormat.RG16Uint;
 						break;
 
 					case UnsignedIntType:
@@ -1288,7 +1546,7 @@ export function getFormat( texture, device = null ) {
 						break;
 
 					default:
-						console.error( 'WebGPURenderer: Unsupported texture type with RGFormat.', type );
+						error( 'WebGPURenderer: Unsupported texture type with RGFormat.', type );
 
 				}
 
@@ -1311,7 +1569,7 @@ export function getFormat( texture, device = null ) {
 						break;
 
 					default:
-						console.error( 'WebGPURenderer: Unsupported texture type with DepthFormat.', type );
+						error( 'WebGPURenderer: Unsupported texture type with DepthFormat.', type );
 
 				}
 
@@ -1329,7 +1587,7 @@ export function getFormat( texture, device = null ) {
 
 						if ( device && device.features.has( GPUFeatureName.Depth32FloatStencil8 ) === false ) {
 
-							console.error( 'WebGPURenderer: Depth textures with DepthStencilFormat + FloatType can only be used with the "depth32float-stencil8" GPU feature.' );
+							error( 'WebGPURenderer: Depth textures with DepthStencilFormat + FloatType can only be used with the "depth32float-stencil8" GPU feature.' );
 
 						}
 
@@ -1338,7 +1596,7 @@ export function getFormat( texture, device = null ) {
 						break;
 
 					default:
-						console.error( 'WebGPURenderer: Unsupported texture type with DepthStencilFormat.', type );
+						error( 'WebGPURenderer: Unsupported texture type with DepthStencilFormat.', type );
 
 				}
 
@@ -1357,7 +1615,7 @@ export function getFormat( texture, device = null ) {
 						break;
 
 					default:
-						console.error( 'WebGPURenderer: Unsupported texture type with RedIntegerFormat.', type );
+						error( 'WebGPURenderer: Unsupported texture type with RedIntegerFormat.', type );
 
 				}
 
@@ -1376,7 +1634,7 @@ export function getFormat( texture, device = null ) {
 						break;
 
 					default:
-						console.error( 'WebGPURenderer: Unsupported texture type with RGIntegerFormat.', type );
+						error( 'WebGPURenderer: Unsupported texture type with RGIntegerFormat.', type );
 
 				}
 
@@ -1395,14 +1653,14 @@ export function getFormat( texture, device = null ) {
 						break;
 
 					default:
-						console.error( 'WebGPURenderer: Unsupported texture type with RGBAIntegerFormat.', type );
+						error( 'WebGPURenderer: Unsupported texture type with RGBAIntegerFormat.', type );
 
 				}
 
 				break;
 
 			default:
-				console.error( 'WebGPURenderer: Unsupported texture format.', format );
+				error( 'WebGPURenderer: Unsupported texture format.', format );
 
 		}