@syllst/ja 0.1.1 → 0.1.2

package/src/syllabi/food/lessons/lesson-07.mdx

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+---
+type: lesson
+id: japanese-food-lesson-07
+title: "だい 7 か — きせつの たべもの"
+description: "Seasonal Foods: Japan's four seasons and their signature foods and celebrations"
+order: 7
+parentId: japanese-food
+difficulty: beginner
+cefrLevel: A1
+categories:
+  - food
+  - seasons
+  - culture
+metadata:
+  estimatedTime: 25
+  prerequisites:
+    - japanese-food-lesson-01
+  learningObjectives:
+    - id: obj-ja-food-07-seasons
+      description: "Name the four seasons in Japanese and their signature foods"
+      skill: word-recognition
+    - id: obj-ja-food-07-seasonal-vocab
+      description: "Use seasonal food vocabulary in context"
+      skill: word-production
+    - id: obj-ja-food-07-culture
+      description: "Understand Japanese cultural events connected to seasonal foods"
+      skill: situational-response
+---
+
+# だい 7 か (Lesson 7) — Seasonal Foods
+
+## Introduction
+
+Japan has a deep cultural connection to the four seasons (しき). Many foods are only available at certain times of year, and Japanese people eagerly anticipate seasonal ingredients. The concept of shun (しゅん — peak season for food) is central to Japanese cuisine.
+
+## The Four Seasons
+
+:::vocabulary-set{id="ja-food-07-seasons" title="The Four Seasons"}
+
+::vocab-item{id="haru" word="はる" pronunciation="haru" meaning="Spring"}
+
+::vocab-item{id="natsu" word="なつ" pronunciation="natsu" meaning="Summer"}
+
+::vocab-item{id="aki" word="あき" pronunciation="aki" meaning="Autumn / Fall"}
+
+::vocab-item{id="fuyu" word="ふゆ" pronunciation="fuyu" meaning="Winter"}
+
+::vocab-item{id="shun" word="しゅん" pronunciation="shun" meaning="Peak season — when a food is at its best"}
+
+:::
+
+## Spring Foods (はる)
+
+:::vocabulary-set{id="ja-food-07-spring" title="Spring Foods"}
+
+::vocab-item{id="sakura-mochi" word="さくらもち" pronunciation="sakuramochi" meaning="Cherry blossom mochi — pink rice cake wrapped in a pickled cherry leaf"}
+
+::vocab-item{id="takenoko" word="たけのこ" pronunciation="takenoko" meaning="Bamboo shoots — a spring delicacy"}
+
+::vocab-item{id="nanohana" word="なのはな" pronunciation="nanohana" meaning="Rapeseed blossoms — bright yellow, eaten as a vegetable"}
+
+:::
+
+## Summer Foods (なつ)
+
+:::vocabulary-set{id="ja-food-07-summer" title="Summer Foods"}
+
+::vocab-item{id="hiyashi-chuka" word="ひやしちゅうか" pronunciation="hiyashichuuka" meaning="Cold ramen — chilled noodles with toppings, a summer staple"}
+
+::vocab-item{id="kakigori" word="かきごおり" pronunciation="kakigoori" meaning="Shaved ice with flavored syrup"}
+
+::vocab-item{id="unagi" word="うなぎ" pronunciation="unagi" meaning="Eel — eaten in summer for energy (土用の丑の日)"}
+
+::vocab-item{id="edamame-summer" word="えだまめ" pronunciation="edamame" meaning="Fresh soybeans in pods — summer garden snack"}
+
+:::
+
+## Autumn Foods (あき)
+
+:::vocabulary-set{id="ja-food-07-autumn" title="Autumn Foods"}
+
+::vocab-item{id="matsutake" word="まつたけ" pronunciation="matsutake" meaning="Matsutake mushroom — prized aromatic mushroom"}
+
+::vocab-item{id="kuri" word="くり" pronunciation="kuri" meaning="Chestnut — roasted and in sweets"}
+
+::vocab-item{id="sanma" word="さんま" pronunciation="sanma" meaning="Pacific saury — grilled autumn fish"}
+
+::vocab-item{id="satsumaimo" word="さつまいも" pronunciation="satsumaimo" meaning="Sweet potato — roasted (やきいも) in autumn"}
+
+:::
+
+## Winter Foods (ふゆ)
+
+:::vocabulary-set{id="ja-food-07-winter" title="Winter Foods"}
+
+::vocab-item{id="nabe" word="なべ" pronunciation="nabe" meaning="Hot pot — communal soup cooked at the table"}
+
+::vocab-item{id="oden" word="おでん" pronunciation="oden" meaning="Oden — simmered ingredients in soy broth (conbini classic in winter)"}
+
+::vocab-item{id="mikan" word="みかん" pronunciation="mikan" meaning="Mandarin orange — eaten while watching TV in winter"}
+
+::vocab-item{id="toshikoshi-soba" word="としこしそば" pronunciation="toshikoshi soba" meaning="New Year's Eve soba — eaten at midnight for long life"}
+
+:::
+
+## Seasonal Food Events
+
+| Event | Season | Food |
+|-------|--------|------|
+| はなみ (Cherry blossom viewing) | Spring | さくらもち, おべんとう |
+| どようのうしのひ (Midsummer day of the ox) | Summer | うなぎ |
+| つきみ (Moon viewing) | Autumn | つきみだんご (moon-viewing dumplings) |
+| おおみそか (New Year's Eve) | Winter | としこしそば |
+
+## Sample Conversation
+
+**A**: いまのしゅんは なんですか？
+(What is currently in season?)
+
+**B**: あきだから、まつたけとさんまがしゅんですよ。
+(It's autumn, so matsutake mushrooms and saury are in season.)
+
+**A**: さんまは どうやって たべますか？
+(How do you eat saury?)
+
+**B**: しおやきで たべることが おおいです。
+(It's most often eaten salt-grilled.)
+
+## Practice Exercises
+
+:::exercise{id="ja-food-07-seasons-match" type="matching" title="Season and Food" skill="word-recognition" objectiveId="obj-ja-food-07-seasons"}
+
+**Question:** Match each food to its season
+
+- さくらもち
+- かきごおり
+- としこしそば
+- まつたけ
+
+**Answer:**
+
+- さくらもち → はる (spring) — eaten during cherry blossom season
+- かきごおり → なつ (summer) — shaved ice for hot weather
+- としこしそば → ふゆ (winter) — eaten on New Year's Eve
+- まつたけ → あき (autumn) — prized autumn mushroom
+
+**Explanation:** Japanese cuisine is deeply tied to the seasons. Each season has signature foods that appear on menus and in shops only during that time of year.
+
+:::
+
+:::exercise{id="ja-food-07-season-words" type="fill-in-blank" title="Season Vocabulary" skill="word-production" objectiveId="obj-ja-food-07-seasonal-vocab"}
+
+**Question:** Name the four seasons in Japanese:
+
+1. Spring = ___
+2. Summer = ___
+3. Autumn = ___
+4. Winter = ___
+
+**Answer:**
+
+1. **はる**
+2. **なつ**
+3. **あき**
+4. **ふゆ**
+
+**Explanation:** These four season words appear frequently in food and daily life contexts. Knowing them helps you understand seasonal menus (きせつのメニュー) and cultural references.
+
+:::
+
+:::exercise{id="ja-food-07-new-year" type="multiple-choice" title="New Year's Eve Food" skill="situational-response" objectiveId="obj-ja-food-07-culture"}
+
+**Question:** What food is traditionally eaten on New Year's Eve in Japan?
+
+**Options:**
+- なべ (hot pot)
+- としこしそば (New Year's Eve soba)
+- さくらもち (cherry blossom mochi)
+- うなぎ (eel)
+
+**Answer:** 2
+
+**Explanation:** としこしそば is eaten on おおみそか (New Year's Eve). The long noodles symbolize longevity and a long life. It is one of Japan's most important food traditions.
+
+:::
+
+## What's Next
+
+In Lesson 8, you will learn about Japanese food etiquette — the rules and customs that show respect at the table.

package/src/syllabi/food/lessons/lesson-08.mdx

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+---
+type: lesson
+id: japanese-food-lesson-08
+title: "だい 8 か — しょくたくの マナー"
+description: "Food Etiquette: chopstick rules, dining customs, and respectful table manners"
+order: 8
+parentId: japanese-food
+difficulty: beginner
+cefrLevel: A1
+categories:
+  - food
+  - etiquette
+  - culture
+metadata:
+  estimatedTime: 25
+  prerequisites:
+    - japanese-food-lesson-01
+    - japanese-food-lesson-03
+  learningObjectives:
+    - id: obj-ja-food-08-chopstick
+      description: "State at least 5 chopstick rules and taboos"
+      skill: word-recognition
+    - id: obj-ja-food-08-mealtime
+      description: "Use correct mealtime expressions before and after eating"
+      skill: polite-register
+    - id: obj-ja-food-08-manners
+      description: "Describe appropriate table manners for Japanese dining"
+      skill: situational-response
+---
+
+# だい 8 か (Lesson 8) — Food Etiquette
+
+## Introduction
+
+Japanese dining has a rich set of customs and rules. Many are about showing respect — for the food, the cook, and fellow diners. Learning these customs will make you a welcome guest at any Japanese table.
+
+## Essential Mealtime Expressions
+
+:::vocabulary-set{id="ja-food-08-expressions" title="Mealtime Expressions"}
+
+::vocab-item{id="itadakimasu" word="いただきます" pronunciation="itadakimasu" meaning="I humbly receive — said before eating, with hands together"}
+
+::vocab-item{id="gochisousama" word="ごちそうさまでした" pronunciation="gochisousama deshita" meaning="It was a feast — said after finishing, thanking for the meal"}
+
+::vocab-item{id="oishikatta" word="おいしかったです" pronunciation="oishikatta desu" meaning="It was delicious — polite compliment after eating"}
+
+::vocab-item{id="okawari" word="おかわりしてもいいですか" pronunciation="okawari shite mo ii desu ka" meaning="May I have a refill / second helping?"}
+
+::vocab-item{id="mou-ippon" word="もういっぱい いかがですか" pronunciation="mou ippai ikaga desu ka" meaning="Would you like another drink?"}
+
+:::
+
+## Chopstick Vocabulary
+
+:::vocabulary-set{id="ja-food-08-chopstick" title="Chopstick Words"}
+
+::vocab-item{id="hashi" word="はし" pronunciation="hashi" meaning="Chopsticks"}
+
+::vocab-item{id="waribashi" word="わりばし" pronunciation="waribashi" meaning="Disposable chopsticks (split apart)"}
+
+::vocab-item{id="hashioki" word="はしおき" pronunciation="hashioki" meaning="Chopstick rest"}
+
+::vocab-item{id="hashi-taboo" word="まよいばし" pronunciation="mayoibashi" meaning="Hovering chopsticks — a taboo (can't decide what to pick)"}
+
+:::
+
+## Chopstick Rules
+
+### What NOT to Do (タブー)
+
+| Taboo | Japanese | Reason |
+|-------|----------|--------|
+| Sticking chopsticks upright in rice | たてばし | Resembles funeral offerings |
+| Passing food chopstick to chopstick | わたしばし | Resembles funeral bone ceremony |
+| Spearing food | さしばし | Rude, using chopsticks as a fork |
+| Pointing with chopsticks | さしばし | Considered rude |
+| Licking chopsticks | なめばし | Unsanitary and impolite |
+| Hovering over dishes | まよいばし | Indecisive, frustrating for others |
+
+### What to Do
+
+- Place chopsticks on the はしおき (chopstick rest) when not in use
+- Hold your bowl up near your mouth when eating rice
+- Use the reverse end of chopsticks when taking from shared dishes (unless serving yourself first)
+
+## General Table Manners
+
+| Custom | Explanation |
+|--------|-------------|
+| Wait for the eldest to start | Do not begin eating before the eldest person |
+| Slurping noodles | Acceptable — it shows enjoyment and cools the noodles |
+| Lifting bowls | Polite to hold small bowls up while eating |
+| Waste not | It is rude to leave rice in your bowl — finish it all |
+| No elbows on the table | Same as in many cultures |
+
+## Cultural Note: おもてなし
+
+おもてなし (omotenashi) is the Japanese concept of hospitality — anticipating guests' needs without being asked. At a Japanese dinner, the host will:
+- Continuously refill your drinks
+- Serve you portions before themselves
+- Apologize if they feel the food is inadequate (even if it is excellent)
+
+Responding with おいしいです！ or おいしかったです is the best way to show appreciation.
+
+## Sample Conversation
+
+**Host**: どうぞ、めしあがってください！
+(Please, eat!)
+
+**Guest**: ありがとうございます。いただきます。
+(Thank you. I humbly receive.)
+
+---
+
+*(After eating)*
+
+**Guest**: ごちそうさまでした。とても おいしかったです！
+(Thank you for the meal. It was very delicious!)
+
+**Host**: おそまつさまでした。
+(It was nothing special — a humble response to thanks.)
+
+## Practice Exercises
+
+:::exercise{id="ja-food-08-taboo-match" type="matching" title="Chopstick Taboos" skill="word-recognition" objectiveId="obj-ja-food-08-chopstick"}
+
+**Question:** Match each taboo name to what it describes
+
+- たてばし
+- わたしばし
+- まよいばし
+
+**Answer:**
+
+- たてばし → Sticking chopsticks upright in rice (funeral association)
+- わたしばし → Passing food chopstick to chopstick (funeral bone ceremony association)
+- まよいばし → Hovering chopsticks over dishes unable to decide
+
+**Explanation:** These three taboos are among the most important chopstick rules in Japan. たてばし and わたしばし are strictly avoided because they mimic funeral rituals.
+
+:::
+
+:::exercise{id="ja-food-08-meal-phrases" type="fill-in-blank" title="Before and After" skill="polite-register" objectiveId="obj-ja-food-08-mealtime"}
+
+**Question:** Fill in the correct mealtime expression:
+
+1. Before eating: ___
+2. After eating: ___
+
+**Answer:**
+
+1. **いただきます**
+2. **ごちそうさまでした**
+
+**Explanation:** These two phrases bracket every Japanese meal. いただきます is said before the first bite; ごちそうさまでした when you are finished. Both express gratitude — for the food, the preparation, and all the effort that went into the meal.
+
+:::
+
+:::exercise{id="ja-food-08-slurping" type="multiple-choice" title="Slurping Noodles" skill="situational-response" objectiveId="obj-ja-food-08-manners"}
+
+**Question:** In Japan, is it acceptable to slurp noodles loudly?
+
+**Options:**
+- No, it is very rude
+- Yes, it shows enjoyment and cools the noodles
+- Only at home, not in restaurants
+- Only for ramen, not for other noodles
+
+**Answer:** 2
+
+**Explanation:** In Japan, slurping noodles is acceptable and even considered a sign that you are enjoying your meal. It also aerates the noodles and helps cool them down so you can eat them hot. This is a cultural difference from many Western countries where slurping is considered rude.
+
+:::
+
+## Congratulations!
+
+You have completed the Japanese Food syllabus. You can now:
+- Name iconic Japanese dishes and describe their tastes
+- Order at restaurants and izakayas confidently
+- Navigate convenience stores and understand seasonal food
+- Identify key Japanese pantry ingredients
+- Follow proper dining etiquette and chopstick rules
+
+Continue your Japanese learning with the Travel and Dialogue syllabi to expand your ability to communicate in Japan.

package/src/syllabi/numbers/lessons/lesson-01.mdx

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+---
+type: lesson
+id: japanese-numbers-lesson-01
+title: "だい 1 か — かず 1 から 10"
+description: "Numbers 1-10: いち, に, さん with kanji (一, 二, 三...)"
+order: 1
+parentId: japanese-numbers
+difficulty: beginner
+cefrLevel: A1
+categories:
+  - numbers
+  - basic-counting
+  - kanji
+metadata:
+  estimatedTime: 25
+  prerequisites: []
+  learningObjectives:
+    - id: obj-ja-num-01-read
+      description: "Read and recognize numbers 1-10 in hiragana and kanji"
+      skill: word-recognition
+    - id: obj-ja-num-01-say
+      description: "Say numbers 1-10 correctly with proper pronunciation"
+      skill: word-pronunciation
+    - id: obj-ja-num-01-write
+      description: "Write numbers 1-10 in hiragana"
+      skill: word-production
+---
+
+# だい 1 か (Lesson 1) — Numbers 1-10
+
+## Introduction
+
+Japanese numbers from 1 to 10 are the foundation of all counting. Each number has a kanji character and a hiragana reading. Japanese also has two different reading systems for some numbers — it is important to learn which reading fits which context.
+
+## Numbers 1 to 10
+
+:::vocabulary-set{id="ja-nums-1-10" title="Numbers 1 to 10"}
+
+::vocab-item{id="ja-num-ichi" word="いち (一)" pronunciation="ichi" meaning="1 — one"}
+
+::vocab-item{id="ja-num-ni" word="に (二)" pronunciation="ni" meaning="2 — two"}
+
+::vocab-item{id="ja-num-san" word="さん (三)" pronunciation="san" meaning="3 — three"}
+
+::vocab-item{id="ja-num-shi" word="し・よん (四)" pronunciation="shi / yon" meaning="4 — four (two readings)"}
+
+::vocab-item{id="ja-num-go" word="ご (五)" pronunciation="go" meaning="5 — five"}
+
+::vocab-item{id="ja-num-roku" word="ろく (六)" pronunciation="roku" meaning="6 — six"}
+
+::vocab-item{id="ja-num-shichi" word="しち・なな (七)" pronunciation="shichi / nana" meaning="7 — seven (two readings)"}
+
+::vocab-item{id="ja-num-hachi" word="はち (八)" pronunciation="hachi" meaning="8 — eight"}
+
+::vocab-item{id="ja-num-kyuu" word="きゅう・く (九)" pronunciation="kyuu / ku" meaning="9 — nine (two readings)"}
+
+::vocab-item{id="ja-num-juu" word="じゅう (十)" pronunciation="juu" meaning="10 — ten"}
+
+:::
+
+## The Two Counting Systems
+
+Japanese has two origins for its number words:
+
+| Number | Chinese-origin (おんよみ) | Native Japanese (くんよみ) | Common use |
+|--------|--------------------------|---------------------------|-----------|
+| 4 | し (shi) | よん (yon) | よん preferred for prices, general counting |
+| 7 | しち (shichi) | なな (nana) | なな preferred to avoid confusion with いち |
+| 9 | く (ku) | きゅう (kyuu) | きゅう preferred (く sounds like pain/suffering) |
+
+For numbers 1, 2, 3, 5, 6, 8, 10 — there is only one standard reading.
+
+## Kanji Overview
+
+| Kanji | Hiragana | Number |
+|-------|----------|--------|
+| 一 | いち | 1 |
+| 二 | に | 2 |
+| 三 | さん | 3 |
+| 四 | し / よん | 4 |
+| 五 | ご | 5 |
+| 六 | ろく | 6 |
+| 七 | しち / なな | 7 |
+| 八 | はち | 8 |
+| 九 | きゅう / く | 9 |
+| 十 | じゅう | 10 |
+
+## Pronunciation Notes
+
+| Number | Watch Out For |
+|--------|--------------|
+| に (2) | Short vowel — not "nee," just "ni" |
+| さん (3) | The ん is a syllable on its own: sa-n |
+| ろく (6) | Two short syllables: ro-ku |
+| はち (8) | The chi is like "ch" in "cheese": ha-chi |
+| じゅう (10) | Long vowel: juu (hold the u sound) |
+
+## Numbers in Japanese Script
+
+Here are the numbers written large so you can study them:
+
+| 一 | 二 | 三 | 四 | 五 |
+|---|---|---|---|---|
+| いち | に | さん | よん | ご |
+| 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 |
+
+| 六 | 七 | 八 | 九 | 十 |
+|---|---|---|---|---|
+| ろく | なな | はち | きゅう | じゅう |
+| 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 |
+
+## Counting on Fingers
+
+Japanese people often hold up fingers differently from Western customs when counting:
+- Start with your palm open (fingers extended), not closed
+- Fold fingers down one at a time to count 1 through 5
+- On the second hand, extend fingers from a closed fist to count 6 through 10
+
+## Key Points
+
+1. **Learn all ten**: Every number 11-99 is built from these ten
+2. **よん, なな, きゅう in daily use**: Safer for prices, times, and general counting
+3. **Kanji are everywhere**: Train station displays, signs, and menus all use number kanji
+4. **Short vowels matter**: に is not ニー, ろく is not ろく (long)
+
+## Practice Exercises
+
+:::exercise{id="ja-num-01-read-nums" type="matching" title="Match Number to Reading" skill="word-recognition" objectiveId="obj-ja-num-01-read"}
+
+**Question:** Match each kanji to its hiragana reading
+
+- 三
+- 六
+- 八
+- 十
+
+**Answer:**
+
+- 三 → さん (san)
+- 六 → ろく (roku)
+- 八 → はち (hachi)
+- 十 → じゅう (juu)
+
+**Explanation:** These four have only one reading each (unlike 4, 7, and 9). Recognizing these kanji is essential because they appear everywhere — signs, menus, prices, train platforms.
+
+:::
+
+:::exercise{id="ja-num-01-alt-readings" type="fill-in-blank" title="Alternate Readings" skill="word-pronunciation" objectiveId="obj-ja-num-01-say"}
+
+**Question:** For each number, give the preferred reading for everyday use:
+
+1. 4 → ___ (preferred)
+2. 7 → ___ (preferred)
+3. 9 → ___ (preferred)
+
+**Answer:**
+
+1. 4 → **よん** (yon)
+2. 7 → **なな** (nana)
+3. 9 → **きゅう** (kyuu)
+
+**Explanation:** よん, なな, and きゅう are preferred in daily contexts because し sounds like death (死), しち can be confused with いち (1), and く sounds like pain (苦). Using the alternate readings avoids these associations.
+
+:::
+
+:::exercise{id="ja-num-01-write-hiragana" type="fill-in-blank" title="Write Numbers in Hiragana" skill="word-production" objectiveId="obj-ja-num-01-write"}
+
+**Question:** Write these numbers in hiragana:
+
+1. 5
+2. 8
+3. 2
+
+**Answer:**
+
+1. **ご**
+2. **はち**
+3. **に**
+
+**Explanation:** ご (5), はち (8), and に (2) each have only one reading. Knowing these without hesitation is important because you will use them constantly when counting, telling time, and shopping.
+
+:::
+
+## What's Next
+
+In Lesson 2, you will learn numbers 11-100, built from the ten digits you have just learned.