@syllst/ja 0.1.1 → 0.1.2

package/src/syllabi/essentials/lessons/lesson-03.mdx

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+---
+type: lesson
+id: japanese-essentials-lesson-03
+title: "だい 3 か — かいもの と かず"
+description: "Shopping & Numbers: いくらですか and counting 1-10"
+order: 3
+parentId: japanese-essentials
+difficulty: beginner
+cefrLevel: A1
+categories:
+  - shopping
+  - numbers
+  - practical
+metadata:
+  estimatedTime: 35
+  prerequisites:
+    - japanese-essentials-lesson-02
+  learningObjectives:
+    - id: obj-ja-ess-03-count
+      description: "Count from 1 to 10 in Japanese"
+      skill: word-pronunciation
+    - id: obj-ja-ess-03-price
+      description: "Ask and understand prices using いくらですか"
+      skill: word-production
+    - id: obj-ja-ess-03-shopping
+      description: "Use basic shopping expressions"
+      skill: situational-response
+---
+
+# だい 3 か (Lesson 3) — Shopping & Numbers
+
+## Introduction
+
+Numbers are essential everywhere — prices, quantities, addresses, phone numbers. In Japan, shopping interactions follow predictable patterns that you can learn and use immediately. Once you know the numbers 1-10, you can handle most basic situations.
+
+## Numbers 1-10
+
+:::vocabulary-set{id="ja-numbers-1-10" title="Numbers 1 to 10"}
+
+::vocab-item{id="ichi" word="いち (一)" pronunciation="ichi" meaning="1 — one"}
+
+::vocab-item{id="ni" word="に (二)" pronunciation="ni" meaning="2 — two"}
+
+::vocab-item{id="san" word="さん (三)" pronunciation="san" meaning="3 — three"}
+
+::vocab-item{id="shi-yon" word="し・よん (四)" pronunciation="shi / yon" meaning="4 — four (two readings)"}
+
+::vocab-item{id="go" word="ご (五)" pronunciation="go" meaning="5 — five"}
+
+::vocab-item{id="roku" word="ろく (六)" pronunciation="roku" meaning="6 — six"}
+
+::vocab-item{id="shichi-nana" word="しち・なな (七)" pronunciation="shichi / nana" meaning="7 — seven (two readings)"}
+
+::vocab-item{id="hachi" word="はち (八)" pronunciation="hachi" meaning="8 — eight"}
+
+::vocab-item{id="kyuu-ku" word="きゅう・く (九)" pronunciation="kyuu / ku" meaning="9 — nine (two readings)"}
+
+::vocab-item{id="juu" word="じゅう (十)" pronunciation="juu" meaning="10 — ten"}
+
+:::
+
+## About Alternate Readings
+
+Japanese has two sets of number words for some digits, borrowed from Chinese (おんよみ) and native Japanese (くんよみ). Both are used in different contexts:
+
+| Number | Chinese-origin | Native Japanese |
+|--------|---------------|-----------------|
+| 4 | し (shi) | よん (yon) |
+| 7 | しち (shichi) | なな (nana) |
+| 9 | く (ku) | きゅう (kyuu) |
+
+For prices and general counting, よん, なな, and きゅう are safer (し and しち sound like death and seven-death in superstition).
+
+## Shopping Vocabulary
+
+:::vocabulary-set{id="ja-shopping" title="Shopping Expressions"}
+
+::vocab-item{id="ikura" word="いくらですか" pronunciation="ikura desu ka" meaning="How much is it?"}
+
+::vocab-item{id="en" word="えん (円)" pronunciation="en" meaning="yen (Japanese currency)"}
+
+::vocab-item{id="kore" word="これ" pronunciation="kore" meaning="this (near the speaker)"}
+
+::vocab-item{id="sore" word="それ" pronunciation="sore" meaning="that (near the listener)"}
+
+::vocab-item{id="are" word="あれ" pronunciation="are" meaning="that over there (far from both)"}
+
+::vocab-item{id="kudasai-shopping" word="ください" pronunciation="kudasai" meaning="please give me / I'll take it"}
+
+:::
+
+## Price Patterns
+
+| Japanese | Pronunciation | Meaning |
+|----------|---------------|---------|
+| これはいくらですか | kore wa ikura desu ka | How much is this? |
+| 〜えんです | ~ en desu | It is ~ yen |
+| ひゃくえんです | hyaku en desu | It is 100 yen |
+| せんえんです | sen en desu | It is 1,000 yen |
+
+## Large Numbers for Prices
+
+| Amount | Japanese | Pronunciation |
+|--------|----------|---------------|
+| 100 | ひゃく | hyaku |
+| 200 | にひゃく | ni-hyaku |
+| 500 | ごひゃく | go-hyaku |
+| 1,000 | せん | sen |
+| 2,000 | にせん | ni-sen |
+| 10,000 | いちまん | ichi-man |
+
+## Shopping Conversation
+
+**At a shop:**
+
+> きゃく: すみません、これはいくらですか。
+> (Customer: Excuse me, how much is this?)
+
+> てんいん: にひゃくごじゅうえんです。
+> (Shopkeeper: It is 250 yen.)
+
+> きゃく: じゃあ、これをください。
+> (Customer: Then, I'll take this one, please.)
+
+> てんいん: ありがとうございます。
+> (Shopkeeper: Thank you very much.)
+
+## This / That / That Over There
+
+The Japanese demonstrative system uses distance from both speaker and listener:
+
+| Word | Distance | Example |
+|------|----------|---------|
+| これ (kore) | Near speaker | これをください (I'll take this) |
+| それ (sore) | Near listener | それはなんですか (What is that?) |
+| あれ (are) | Far from both | あれはいくらですか (How much is that over there?) |
+
+## Cultural Note: Cash Culture
+
+Japan is still largely a cash society. Many smaller shops, temples, and some restaurants are cash-only (げんきん のみ). It is helpful to know:
+- Cash is called げんきん (genkin)
+- ATMs at 7-Eleven (セブンイレブン) and Japan Post accept international cards
+- Prices in Japan already include consumption tax (しょうひぜい)
+
+## Key Points
+
+1. **いくらですか asks the price**: Use with これ/それ/あれ to specify what you are asking about
+2. **よん, なな, きゅう for prices**: Safer than し, しち, く in money contexts
+3. **まん = 10,000**: Japan counts in units of 10,000, not 1,000
+4. **ください to buy**: じゃあ、これをください means "Okay, I'll take this"
+
+## Practice Exercises
+
+:::exercise{id="ja-ess-03-number-match" type="matching" title="Numbers 1-10" skill="word-pronunciation" objectiveId="obj-ja-ess-03-count"}
+
+**Question:** Match each number to its Japanese reading
+
+- 3
+- 7
+- 9
+- 10
+
+**Answer:**
+
+- 3 → さん (san)
+- 7 → なな (nana) or しち (shichi)
+- 9 → きゅう (kyuu) or く (ku)
+- 10 → じゅう (juu)
+
+**Explanation:** Numbers 4, 7, and 9 have two readings each. For prices and everyday counting, よん, なな, and きゅう are preferred because し (death) and しち can be considered unlucky.
+
+:::
+
+:::exercise{id="ja-ess-03-price-question" type="fill-in-blank" title="Asking Prices" skill="word-production" objectiveId="obj-ja-ess-03-price"}
+
+**Question:** Fill in the blanks to ask "How much is this?" and respond "It is 500 yen."
+
+1. これは ___ ですか
+2. ごひゃく ___ です
+
+**Answer:**
+
+1. これは **いくら** ですか
+2. ごひゃく **えん** です
+
+**Explanation:** いくら is the question word for price (how much). えん is the unit for Japanese yen. Together these form the most essential shopping exchange.
+
+:::
+
+:::exercise{id="ja-ess-03-demo-choice" type="multiple-choice" title="This, That, or That Over There" skill="situational-response" objectiveId="obj-ja-ess-03-shopping"}
+
+**Question:** You are pointing to a hat on the top shelf far from both you and the shopkeeper. Which word do you use?
+
+**Options:**
+- これ (kore)
+- それ (sore)
+- あれ (are)
+- どれ (dore)
+
+**Answer:** 3
+
+**Explanation:** あれ refers to something far from both the speaker and listener. これ is for things near you, それ for things near the person you are talking to. どれ means "which one?" and is used to ask.
+
+:::
+
+## What's Next
+
+In Lesson 4, you will learn to ask for and understand directions — どこですか and navigating your way around.

package/src/syllabi/essentials/lessons/lesson-04.mdx

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+---
+type: lesson
+id: japanese-essentials-lesson-04
+title: "だい 4 か — みちを きく"
+description: "Asking Directions: どこですか, left/right/straight, location words"
+order: 4
+parentId: japanese-essentials
+difficulty: beginner
+cefrLevel: A1
+categories:
+  - directions
+  - locations
+  - practical
+metadata:
+  estimatedTime: 30
+  prerequisites:
+    - japanese-essentials-lesson-03
+  learningObjectives:
+    - id: obj-ja-ess-04-ask-where
+      description: "Ask where places are using どこですか"
+      skill: word-production
+    - id: obj-ja-ess-04-directions
+      description: "Understand basic direction words: left, right, straight"
+      skill: word-recognition
+    - id: obj-ja-ess-04-location
+      description: "Use location words: in front of, behind, next to"
+      skill: word-recognition
+---
+
+# だい 4 か (Lesson 4) — Asking Directions
+
+## Introduction
+
+Getting lost is part of any journey. In Japan, people are generally very willing to help with directions — but they may give them in detail, so knowing key direction words and location words is essential for understanding what they say.
+
+## Asking Where
+
+:::vocabulary-set{id="ja-where" title="Asking Where"}
+
+::vocab-item{id="doko" word="どこ" pronunciation="doko" meaning="where"}
+
+::vocab-item{id="doko-desu" word="〜はどこですか" pronunciation="~ wa doko desu ka" meaning="Where is ~?"}
+
+::vocab-item{id="eki" word="えき (駅)" pronunciation="eki" meaning="station"}
+
+::vocab-item{id="toilet" word="トイレ" pronunciation="toire" meaning="toilet / restroom"}
+
+::vocab-item{id="deguchi" word="でぐち (出口)" pronunciation="deguchi" meaning="exit"}
+
+::vocab-item{id="iriguchi" word="いりぐち (入口)" pronunciation="iriguchi" meaning="entrance"}
+
+:::
+
+## Direction Words
+
+:::vocabulary-set{id="ja-directions" title="Direction Words"}
+
+::vocab-item{id="migi" word="みぎ (右)" pronunciation="migi" meaning="right"}
+
+::vocab-item{id="hidari" word="ひだり (左)" pronunciation="hidari" meaning="left"}
+
+::vocab-item{id="massugu" word="まっすぐ" pronunciation="massugu" meaning="straight ahead"}
+
+::vocab-item{id="modoru" word="もどる" pronunciation="modoru" meaning="go back / turn back"}
+
+::vocab-item{id="magaru" word="まがる" pronunciation="magaru" meaning="turn"}
+
+:::
+
+## Location Words
+
+| Japanese | Pronunciation | Meaning |
+|----------|---------------|---------|
+| 〜のまえ | ~ no mae | in front of ~ |
+| 〜のうしろ | ~ no ushiro | behind ~ |
+| 〜のとなり | ~ no tonari | next to ~ |
+| 〜のちかく | ~ no chikaku | near ~ |
+| 〜のなか | ~ no naka | inside ~ |
+| 〜のそと | ~ no soto | outside ~ |
+
+## Common Places to Ask About
+
+| Japanese | Pronunciation | Meaning |
+|----------|---------------|---------|
+| えき | eki | station |
+| ちかてつ | chikatetsu | subway |
+| バスてい | basu tei | bus stop |
+| ホテル | hoteru | hotel |
+| コンビニ | konbini | convenience store |
+| びょういん | byouin | hospital |
+| ゆうびんきょく | yuubin-kyoku | post office |
+| こうばん | kouban | police box (koban) |
+
+## Giving and Following Directions
+
+| Japanese | Pronunciation | Meaning |
+|----------|---------------|---------|
+| まっすぐいってください | massugu itte kudasai | Please go straight |
+| みぎにまがってください | migi ni magatte kudasai | Please turn right |
+| ひだりにまがってください | hidari ni magatte kudasai | Please turn left |
+| つきあたりです | tsukiatari desu | It's at the end of the road |
+| かどをまがってください | kado wo magatte kudasai | Please turn at the corner |
+
+## Sample Conversation
+
+> あなた: すみません、えきはどこですか。
+> (You: Excuse me, where is the station?)
+
+> ひと: まっすぐいって、みぎにまがってください。えきはつきあたりです。
+> (Person: Go straight and turn right. The station is at the end.)
+
+> あなた: ありがとうございます。
+> (You: Thank you very much.)
+
+## Useful Phrases When You Don't Understand
+
+| Japanese | Pronunciation | Meaning |
+|----------|---------------|---------|
+| もういちどおねがいします | mou ichido onegai shimasu | One more time, please |
+| ゆっくりいってください | yukkuri itte kudasai | Please speak slowly |
+| わかりません | wakarimasen | I don't understand |
+| ちかいですか | chikai desu ka | Is it close? |
+
+## Cultural Note: Police Boxes (こうばん)
+
+Japan has a system of small neighborhood police stations called こうばん (koban). They are found near train stations throughout the country and are excellent places to ask for directions. Police officers at koban are trained to help with directions and often have detailed local maps. Do not hesitate to stop in — this is one of their primary community functions.
+
+## Key Points
+
+1. **〜はどこですか is your go-to**: Simply add the place before wa doko desu ka
+2. **まっすぐ, みぎ, ひだり**: The three most useful direction words
+3. **こうばん is always nearby**: Police boxes near stations are safe places to ask
+4. **もういちどおねがいします**: Do not be afraid to ask someone to repeat
+
+## Practice Exercises
+
+:::exercise{id="ja-ess-04-ask-where" type="fill-in-blank" title="Asking Where Places Are" skill="word-production" objectiveId="obj-ja-ess-04-ask-where"}
+
+**Question:** Construct the question "Where is the convenience store?"
+
+- Place: コンビニ
+- Pattern: 〜はどこですか
+
+**Answer:**
+
+**コンビニはどこですか。**
+
+**Explanation:** The pattern 〜はどこですか works with any place name. は (wa) is the topic marker, どこ means "where," and ですか makes it a polite question. This single pattern covers almost every location question you will need.
+
+:::
+
+:::exercise{id="ja-ess-04-directions-match" type="matching" title="Direction Words" skill="word-recognition" objectiveId="obj-ja-ess-04-directions"}
+
+**Question:** Match each direction word to its meaning
+
+- まっすぐ
+- みぎ
+- ひだり
+
+**Answer:**
+
+- まっすぐ → straight ahead
+- みぎ → right
+- ひだり → left
+
+**Explanation:** These three words are the foundation of following directions in Japanese. まっすぐ (straight), みぎ (right), and ひだり (left) appear in almost every set of directions you will encounter.
+
+:::
+
+:::exercise{id="ja-ess-04-location-words" type="multiple-choice" title="Location Words" skill="word-recognition" objectiveId="obj-ja-ess-04-location"}
+
+**Question:** How do you say "The restroom is next to the station"?
+
+**Options:**
+- トイレはえきのまえです
+- トイレはえきのとなりです
+- トイレはえきのうしろです
+- トイレはえきのそとです
+
+**Answer:** 2
+
+**Explanation:** となり means "next to." まえ means "in front of," うしろ means "behind," and そと means "outside." The pattern 〜のとなり expresses adjacency between two things.
+
+:::
+
+## What's Next
+
+In Lesson 5, you will learn restaurant and food vocabulary — how to order, what to say before and after eating.

package/src/syllabi/essentials/lessons/lesson-05.mdx

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+---
+type: lesson
+id: japanese-essentials-lesson-05
+title: "だい 5 か — レストランと たべもの"
+description: "Restaurant & Food: メニュー, ordering patterns, いただきます"
+order: 5
+parentId: japanese-essentials
+difficulty: beginner
+cefrLevel: A1
+categories:
+  - food
+  - restaurant
+  - practical
+metadata:
+  estimatedTime: 35
+  prerequisites:
+    - japanese-essentials-lesson-04
+  learningObjectives:
+    - id: obj-ja-ess-05-order
+      description: "Order food and drink at a restaurant"
+      skill: situational-response
+    - id: obj-ja-ess-05-food-vocab
+      description: "Recognize common food and drink vocabulary"
+      skill: word-recognition
+    - id: obj-ja-ess-05-dining-phrases
+      description: "Use essential dining phrases including いただきます and ごちそうさま"
+      skill: word-production
+---
+
+# だい 5 か (Lesson 5) — Restaurant & Food
+
+## Introduction
+
+Eating out in Japan is a wonderful experience. Whether at a ramen shop, a sushi counter, or a family restaurant, the same key phrases apply. Japanese restaurants often have plastic food displays outside (しょくひんサンプル), picture menus, and ticket vending machines (けんばいき) — all designed to make ordering easy even without language skills. With a few key phrases, you can enjoy any meal.
+
+## At the Restaurant
+
+:::vocabulary-set{id="ja-restaurant" title="Restaurant Vocabulary"}
+
+::vocab-item{id="menyu" word="メニュー" pronunciation="menyuu" meaning="menu"}
+
+::vocab-item{id="chuumon" word="ちゅうもん" pronunciation="chuumon" meaning="order"}
+
+::vocab-item{id="kaikei" word="かいけい" pronunciation="kaikei" meaning="bill / check"}
+
+::vocab-item{id="osakini" word="おさきに" pronunciation="osaki ni" meaning="excuse me for going ahead (before eating)"}
+
+::vocab-item{id="tabe-hooudai" word="たべほうだい" pronunciation="tabe houdai" meaning="all-you-can-eat"}
+
+::vocab-item{id="nomi-hooudai" word="のみほうだい" pronunciation="nomi houdai" meaning="all-you-can-drink"}
+
+:::
+
+## Food Vocabulary
+
+:::vocabulary-set{id="ja-food" title="Common Foods"}
+
+::vocab-item{id="ramen" word="ラーメン" pronunciation="raamen" meaning="ramen noodle soup"}
+
+::vocab-item{id="sushi" word="すし (寿司)" pronunciation="sushi" meaning="sushi"}
+
+::vocab-item{id="tempura" word="てんぷら (天ぷら)" pronunciation="tenpura" meaning="tempura (battered and fried)"}
+
+::vocab-item{id="gohan" word="ごはん (ご飯)" pronunciation="gohan" meaning="rice / meal"}
+
+::vocab-item{id="mizu" word="みず (水)" pronunciation="mizu" meaning="water"}
+
+::vocab-item{id="ocha" word="おちゃ (お茶)" pronunciation="ocha" meaning="tea (green tea)"}
+
+::vocab-item{id="biiru" word="ビール" pronunciation="biiru" meaning="beer"}
+
+:::
+
+## Ordering Phrases
+
+| Japanese | Pronunciation | Meaning |
+|----------|---------------|---------|
+| 〜をください | ~ wo kudasai | Please give me ~ |
+| 〜をひとつください | ~ wo hitotsu kudasai | Please give me one ~ |
+| 〜はありますか | ~ wa arimasu ka | Do you have ~? |
+| おすすめはなんですか | osusume wa nan desu ka | What do you recommend? |
+| これをください | kore wo kudasai | I'll take this one please |
+| おなじものをください | onaji mono wo kudasai | The same thing, please |
+
+## The Dining Ritual
+
+Two phrases are essential at every Japanese meal:
+
+:::vocabulary-set{id="ja-dining-ritual" title="Dining Ritual Phrases"}
+
+::vocab-item{id="itadakimasu" word="いただきます" pronunciation="itadakimasu" meaning="I humbly receive (said before eating)"}
+
+::vocab-item{id="gochisousama" word="ごちそうさまでした" pronunciation="gochisousama deshita" meaning="Thank you for the meal (said after eating)"}
+
+:::
+
+**いただきます** is said before eating, hands pressed together. It expresses gratitude to the food, the animal or plant, the cook, and everyone involved in bringing the meal to you.
+
+**ごちそうさまでした** is said after finishing. You say it to the cook or restaurant staff, acknowledging their effort.
+
+## Dietary Needs
+
+| Japanese | Pronunciation | Meaning |
+|----------|---------------|---------|
+| わたしは〜がたべられません | watashi wa ~ ga taberaremasen | I cannot eat ~ |
+| アレルギーがあります | arerugii ga arimasu | I have an allergy |
+| ベジタリアンです | bejitarian desu | I am vegetarian |
+| からいのはだいじょうぶですか | karai no wa daijoubu desu ka | Is spicy food okay? |
+
+## Sample Conversation
+
+> きゃく: すみません、ちゅうもんおねがいします。
+> (Customer: Excuse me, I'd like to order please.)
+
+> てんいん: はい、なにになさいますか。
+> (Staff: Yes, what would you like?)
+
+> きゃく: ラーメンをひとつと、みずをください。
+> (Customer: One ramen and water, please.)
+
+> てんいん: かしこまりました。
+> (Staff: Certainly.)
+
+[Food arrives]
+
+> きゃく: いただきます！
+> (Customer: Thank you for this meal!)
+
+## Useful Restaurant Phrases
+
+| Japanese | Pronunciation | Meaning |
+|----------|---------------|---------|
+| かいけいをおねがいします | kaikei wo onegai shimasu | Check please |
+| べつべつにしてください | betsu-betsu ni shite kudasai | Separate bills please |
+| おいしい！ | oishii | Delicious! |
+| からい | karai | spicy |
+| あまい | amai | sweet |
+| しょっぱい | shoppai | salty |
+
+## Cultural Note: Ticket Machines (けんばいき)
+
+Many ramen shops, curry houses, and popular restaurants use food ticket vending machines at the entrance. You:
+1. Look at the button pictures to choose your dish
+2. Insert money or tap a card
+3. The machine prints a ticket
+4. Hand the ticket to staff when you sit down
+
+This system makes ordering very simple even without Japanese.
+
+## Key Points
+
+1. **いただきます before every meal**: This is culturally important and greatly appreciated
+2. **ごちそうさまでした when done**: Say it to staff as you leave
+3. **すみません to get attention**: Then ちゅうもんおねがいします
+4. **〜をひとつください**: Add a number before ください for quantities
+
+## Practice Exercises
+
+:::exercise{id="ja-ess-05-ordering" type="fill-in-blank" title="Placing an Order" skill="situational-response" objectiveId="obj-ja-ess-05-order"}
+
+**Question:** You want to order one sushi and two ramen. Complete the sentence:
+
+すしを ___ と、ラーメンを ___ ください。
+
+**Answer:**
+
+すしを **ひとつ** と、ラーメンを **ふたつ** ください。
+
+**Explanation:** ひとつ (one) and ふたつ (two) are native Japanese counters used for general objects. The pattern [item] を [number] ください is the standard ordering format.
+
+:::
+
+:::exercise{id="ja-ess-05-food-match" type="matching" title="Food Vocabulary" skill="word-recognition" objectiveId="obj-ja-ess-05-food-vocab"}
+
+**Question:** Match each food word to its meaning
+
+- ごはん
+- おちゃ
+- てんぷら
+
+**Answer:**
+
+- ごはん → rice / meal
+- おちゃ → tea (green tea)
+- てんぷら → tempura (battered and fried dishes)
+
+**Explanation:** ごはん literally means "cooked rice" but is also used to mean "a meal" in general (e.g., あさごはん = breakfast, ひるごはん = lunch, ばんごはん = dinner).
+
+:::
+
+:::exercise{id="ja-ess-05-dining-ritual" type="multiple-choice" title="Dining Ritual" skill="word-production" objectiveId="obj-ja-ess-05-dining-phrases"}
+
+**Question:** What do you say just before you start eating?
+
+**Options:**
+- ごちそうさまでした
+- いただきます
+- おやすみなさい
+- よろしくおねがいします
+
+**Answer:** 2
+
+**Explanation:** いただきます is always said immediately before starting to eat. It expresses humility and gratitude for the meal. ごちそうさまでした is said after finishing the meal, thanking those who prepared and served it.
+
+:::
+
+## What's Next
+
+In Lesson 6, you will learn daily conversation patterns — talking about weather, time, and asking simple questions.