@oriro/orirocli 0.1.0

package/skills/engineering/eng-robotics/SKILL.md

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+---
+watermark: ORIRO
+disable-model-invocation: true
+name: eng-robotics
+provider: ORIRO.ai
+copyright: Copyright (c) 2026 ORIRO.ai
+description: >
+  Robotics engineering — kinematics, dynamics, ROS, path planning, sensors,
+  actuators, control, and robot design. Activate for robot design, ROS programming,
+  kinematics calculations, path planning, or any robotics question.
+  Sources: MIT 6.832 OCW, ROS documentation (Apache 2.0).
+---
+
+# Robotics Engineering
+
+## Robot kinematics
+
+### Degrees of freedom (DOF)
+
+DOF = number of independent parameters describing configuration.
+6-DOF robot arm: Can position end-effector at any position and orientation in 3D space.
+Grübler's formula (planar): M = 3(n-1) - 2j₁ - j₂
+
+### Forward kinematics (FK)
+
+Given joint angles → find end-effector position and orientation.
+Denavit-Hartenberg (DH) parameters: Systematic representation of joint-link relationships.
+Transform chain: T_0_to_n = T₀₁ × T₁₂ × ... × T(n-1)n
+
+### Inverse kinematics (IK)
+
+Given desired end-effector pose → find joint angles.
+Analytical: Closed-form solution. Fast. Limited to specific geometries.
+Numerical (Jacobian): Iterative. General. Can get stuck in singularities.
+**Singularity:** Configuration where Jacobian rank drops. Robot loses DOF momentarily.
+
+## Robot dynamics
+
+τ = M(q)q'' + C(q,q')q' + G(q)
+τ = joint torques, M = mass matrix, C = Coriolis/centripetal, G = gravity.
+
+## Trajectory planning
+
+**Trapezoidal velocity profile:** Accelerate → constant velocity → decelerate.
+**S-curve profile:** Smooth transitions. Reduces vibration. Used in CNC and robotics.
+
+## Sensors
+
+**Encoders:** Position feedback. Incremental or absolute.
+**Force/torque sensors:** 6-axis at wrist. Enable force control.
+**IMU:** Accelerometers + gyroscopes. Orientation and acceleration.
+**LIDAR:** 3D point cloud. Obstacle detection, mapping.
+
+## ROS (Robot Operating System)
+
+De facto standard middleware for robotics.
+Publisher/Subscriber pattern via topics.
+Services: Request-response communication.
+Actions: Long-running tasks with feedback.
+
+```python
+import rclpy
+from rclpy.node import Node
+from std_msgs.msg import String
+
+class MinimalPublisher(Node):
+    def __init__(self):
+        super().__init__('minimal_publisher')
+        self.publisher_ = self.create_publisher(String, 'topic', 10)
+        self.timer = self.create_timer(0.5, self.timer_callback)
+
+    def timer_callback(self):
+        msg = String()
+        msg.data = 'Hello ORIRO'
+        self.publisher_.publish(msg)
+```
+
+## Control architectures
+
+**PID control:** Position + velocity loop cascaded.
+**Computed torque control:** Cancel nonlinear dynamics, apply linear PD.
+**Impedance control:** Control mechanical impedance. Good for contact tasks.
+**ISO TS 15066:** Collaborative robot safety — force and power limiting.
+
+## Path planning
+
+**A\*:** Heuristic search. Optimal if heuristic admissible.
+**RRT:** Probabilistic. Handles high-DOF spaces. Fast.
+**SLAM:** Simultaneous Localization and Mapping. Build map and localize.
+
+Sources: MIT OCW 6.832 Underactuated Robotics (CC-BY-NC-SA),
+ROS 2 documentation (Apache 2.0), Bruno Siciliano "Robotics" (principles)

package/skills/engineering/eng-systems/LICENSE

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+MIT License
+
+Copyright (c) 2026 ORIRO.ai
+
+Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy
+of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to deal
+in the Software without restriction, including without limitation the rights
+to use, copy, modify, merge, publish, distribute, sublicense, and/or sell
+copies of the Software, and to permit persons to whom the Software is
+furnished to do so, subject to the following conditions:
+
+The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included in all
+copies or substantial portions of the Software.
+
+THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR
+IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY,
+FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE
+AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER
+LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM,
+OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN THE
+SOFTWARE.

package/skills/engineering/eng-systems/SKILL.md

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+---
+watermark: ORIRO
+disable-model-invocation: true
+name: eng-systems
+provider: ORIRO.ai
+copyright: Copyright (c) 2026 ORIRO.ai
+description: >
+
+
+
+
+
+  Systems engineering — requirements analysis, system architecture, integration, verification, and complex system design.
+
+  Sources: MIT OCW, ASME principles, OSHA, engineering textbook fundamentals.
+  Consult a licensed professional engineer for safety-critical calculations.
+---
+
+# Systems Engineering
+
+## What systems engineering is
+
+Systems engineering (SE) ensures that a complex system meets stakeholder needs through all phases of its life cycle.
+Not just engineering the components — engineering the whole, including interfaces between components, and how the system fits its operational environment.
+Critical for: aerospace, defense, large infrastructure, medical devices, complex software-hardware systems.
+
+## The SE process
+
+### Stakeholder needs analysis
+
+Who are the stakeholders? Operators, maintainers, acquirers, regulatory bodies.
+What do they need the system to DO (not what it IS)?
+Operational concept: Narrative description of how system will be used.
+ConOps (Concept of Operations): Formal document describing system operation from user perspective.
+
+### Requirements engineering
+
+**Stakeholder requirements → System requirements → Subsystem requirements**
+Good requirement: "The system shall [perform function] [under conditions] [to performance level]."
+**SMART requirements:** Specific, Measurable, Achievable, Relevant, Traceable.
+**Requirement attributes:** Unique ID, statement, rationale, verification method, source.
+
+**Common requirement errors:**
+Ambiguous: "The system shall respond quickly" — define "quickly."
+Non-verifiable: "The system shall be user-friendly" — no objective test.
+Gold-plating: Requirements beyond actual stakeholder need.
+
+### System architecture
+
+**Functional decomposition:** Break system functions into sub-functions hierarchically.
+**Physical decomposition:** Map functions to physical components/subsystems.
+**Interface definition:** Define all interfaces between components. Interface Control Document (ICD).
+**N-squared diagram:** Visualize interfaces between all system elements.
+
+### Verification and Validation
+
+**Verification:** "Did we build the system right?" Does it meet specifications?
+Methods: Test (direct measurement), Analysis, Inspection, Demonstration.
+**Validation:** "Did we build the right system?" Does it meet stakeholder needs?
+Typically through operational testing with actual users.
+
+**Requirements traceability matrix:** Maps each requirement to its verification method, test, and result.
+
+## Reliability engineering
+
+**Reliability:** Probability that a system performs its required function for a specified period under stated conditions.
+**MTBF (Mean Time Between Failures):** λ = 1/MTBF (failure rate).
+**System reliability (series):** R_system = R₁ × R₂ × R₃ (all must work)
+**System reliability (parallel redundancy):** R_system = 1 - (1-R₁)(1-R₂) (either can work)
+
+**FMEA (Failure Mode and Effects Analysis):**
+For each component: What can fail? How can it fail? What's the effect? How severe? How likely? How detectable?
+RPN = Severity × Occurrence × Detection (1-10 each). Prioritize high RPN items.
+
+**Fault Tree Analysis (FTA):**
+Top-down. Start with undesired event. Work backward to root causes.
+AND gates: All inputs must occur. OR gates: Any input causes output.
+Quantify probability of top event from component failure rates.
+
+Sources: INCOSE Systems Engineering Handbook (incose.org — free summaries),
+NASA Systems Engineering Handbook (free public domain), DAU SE Handbook, MIL-STD-882E safety standards

package/skills/environment/env-biodiversity/LICENSE

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+MIT License
+
+Copyright (c) 2026 ORIRO.ai
+
+Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy
+of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to deal
+in the Software without restriction, including without limitation the rights
+to use, copy, modify, merge, publish, distribute, sublicense, and/or sell
+copies of the Software, and to permit persons to whom the Software is
+furnished to do so, subject to the following conditions:
+
+The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included in all
+copies or substantial portions of the Software.
+
+THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR
+IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY,
+FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE
+AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER
+LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM,
+OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN THE
+SOFTWARE.

package/skills/environment/env-biodiversity/SKILL.md

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+---
+watermark: ORIRO
+disable-model-invocation: true
+name: env-biodiversity
+provider: ORIRO.ai
+copyright: Copyright (c) 2026 ORIRO.ai
+description: >
+
+
+
+  Biodiversity — ecosystems, species loss, conservation strategies, and biodiversity's role in human wellbeing.
+
+  Sources: IPCC, NRDC, EPA, IRENA, World Resources Institute. All free public sources.
+---
+
+# Biodiversity
+
+## What biodiversity is
+
+**Genetic diversity:** Variation within species. Resilience to disease and environmental change.
+**Species diversity:** Variety of species in an area. Species richness, evenness.
+**Ecosystem diversity:** Variety of ecosystems (forests, wetlands, reefs, grasslands).
+All three levels matter and interact.
+
+**Estimates:** ~8.7 million species estimated total. ~1.8 million described. Vast majority undiscovered.
+
+## Why biodiversity matters
+
+**Ecosystem services:** Direct benefits humans receive from biodiversity:
+
+- Provisioning: Food, clean water, timber, medicines. 50-80% of drugs derived from or inspired by natural compounds.
+- Regulating: Climate regulation, flood control, water purification, pollination ($200B+ annual economic value), pest control.
+- Cultural: Recreation, tourism, spiritual, aesthetic.
+- Supporting: Nutrient cycling, soil formation, oxygen production.
+  **Interdependence:** Species loss triggers cascading effects. Keystone species (wolves, sea otters, bees) have disproportionate ecosystem impact.
+
+## Biodiversity crisis
+
+**Sixth mass extinction:** Current extinction rate 100-1,000× background rate. "Mass extinction" defined as loss of >75% of species in a geologically short time.
+IPBES (2019 report): 1 million species threatened with extinction.
+
+**Primary drivers (HIPPO):**
+H — Habitat destruction: #1 driver. Deforestation, agriculture expansion, development.
+I — Invasive species: Introduced species outcompete native species. Brown tree snake in Guam, kudzu in US.
+P — Pollution: Pesticides, plastics, chemicals, light, noise pollution.
+P — Population and overconsumption: Resource demand.
+O — Climate change: Increasingly significant driver.
+
+## Conservation strategies
+
+**Protected areas:** 17% of terrestrial and 10% of marine areas currently protected (CBD targets: 30% by 2030 — "30x30").
+**Connectivity corridors:** Link habitat patches to allow species movement.
+**Restoration:** Active restoration of degraded habitats (Bonn Challenge: 350M ha by 2030).
+**Ex situ conservation:** Seed banks, zoos, botanical gardens — last resort, not substitute for in situ.
+**Species-specific conservation:** Recovery plans for critically endangered species.
+**Payment for ecosystem services (PES):** Economic mechanisms to reward conservation.
+**Marine Protected Areas (MPAs):** No-take zones allow fish populations to recover and spill over.
+
+## 30x30 and the Kunming-Montreal Framework
+
+2022 Biodiversity COP15: Agreed to protect 30% of land and 30% of oceans by 2030.
+Restore 30% of degraded ecosystems.
+Reduce pesticide risk by 50%, excess nutrient loss by 50%.
+Eliminate, phase out, or reform subsidies that harm biodiversity ($500B+/year currently).
+
+Sources: IPBES reports (ipbes.net — free), CBD Convention on Biological Diversity (cbd.int — free), WWF Living Planet Report (free), IUCN Red List (iucnredlist.org — free), National Geographic biodiversity education (free)

package/skills/environment/env-circular-economy/LICENSE

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+MIT License
+
+Copyright (c) 2026 ORIRO.ai
+
+Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy
+of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to deal
+in the Software without restriction, including without limitation the rights
+to use, copy, modify, merge, publish, distribute, sublicense, and/or sell
+copies of the Software, and to permit persons to whom the Software is
+furnished to do so, subject to the following conditions:
+
+The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included in all
+copies or substantial portions of the Software.
+
+THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR
+IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY,
+FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE
+AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER
+LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM,
+OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN THE
+SOFTWARE.

package/skills/environment/env-circular-economy/SKILL.md

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+---
+watermark: ORIRO
+disable-model-invocation: true
+name: env-circular-economy
+provider: ORIRO.ai
+copyright: Copyright (c) 2026 ORIRO.ai
+description: >
+  Circular economy — closing material loops, waste as resource, industrial ecology,
+  circular business models, and moving beyond the linear economy. Activate for
+  questions about circular economy, waste reduction, materials recovery, upcycling,
+  or circular business model design. Sources: Ellen MacArthur Foundation, WRAP.
+---
+
+# Circular Economy
+
+## Circular vs. linear economy
+
+**Linear:** Take (extract resources) → Make (manufacture) → Dispose (landfill/incinerate).
+**Circular:** Eliminate waste and pollution; keep products and materials in use; regenerate natural systems.
+The goal is not just recycling — that's the last resort in the hierarchy.
+
+## The butterfly diagram (Ellen MacArthur Foundation)
+
+Two circles: biological and technical materials.
+**Technical cycle:** Products and materials flow at their highest value.
+Maintain/repair → Reuse/redistribute → Refurbish/remanufacture → Recycle.
+Higher loops = more value preserved.
+
+**Biological cycle:** Consumable materials designed to re-enter the biosphere safely.
+Composting, anaerobic digestion → soil amendment.
+Biodegradable packaging example: decomposes without toxic residue.
+
+## Circular strategies (R hierarchy, highest to lowest value)
+
+**Refuse:** Redesign to eliminate the need for a material entirely.
+**Reduce:** Use less material.
+**Reuse:** Same product, same function, different user.
+**Repair:** Restore to working condition.
+**Remanufacture:** Restore to original specifications with warranty.
+**Repurpose:** Use for different function (glass bottle → vase).
+**Recycle:** Recover material (loses quality — "downcycling" is more accurate for most plastics).
+**Recover:** Energy recovery (incineration — last resort before landfill).
+
+## Circular business models
+
+**Product as a service:** Sell access/performance, not the product. Manufacturer retains ownership → designs for durability, repair, remanufacture. Rolls-Royce "Power by the Hour" (jet engines).
+**Reverse logistics:** Take back products at end of life. Patagonia Worn Wear, HP cartridge return.
+**Industrial symbiosis:** One company's waste is another's input. Kalundborg, Denmark industrial ecology park.
+**Sharing/rental platforms:** AirBnB, tool libraries, Rent the Runway (fashion).
+**Remanufacturing:** Restore used products to original specs. Caterpillar remanufactured parts.
+
+## Design for circularity
+
+**Design principles:**
+
+- Design for disassembly: Can be taken apart efficiently at end of life
+- Mono-material: Avoid mixed materials that are hard to separate for recycling
+- Non-toxic chemicals: Safe to cycle
+- Durable: Lasts longer
+- Modular: Components can be upgraded/replaced individually
+- Standardized: Interchangeable parts
+
+## Circular economy metrics
+
+Material circularity indicator (MCI): Ellen MacArthur Foundation tool for products and companies.
+Recycled content %: How much recycled material goes in.
+Recyclability %: How much can be recovered at end of life.
+Waste to landfill reduction.
+Product lifetime extension.
+
+Sources: Ellen MacArthur Foundation (ellenmacarthurfoundation.org — free, comprehensive), WRAP (wrap.org.uk — free reports), European Commission Circular Economy Action Plan (free)

package/skills/environment/env-climate-action/LICENSE

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+MIT License
+
+Copyright (c) 2026 ORIRO.ai
+
+Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy
+of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to deal
+in the Software without restriction, including without limitation the rights
+to use, copy, modify, merge, publish, distribute, sublicense, and/or sell
+copies of the Software, and to permit persons to whom the Software is
+furnished to do so, subject to the following conditions:
+
+The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included in all
+copies or substantial portions of the Software.
+
+THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR
+IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY,
+FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE
+AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER
+LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM,
+OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN THE
+SOFTWARE.

package/skills/environment/env-climate-action/SKILL.md

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+---
+watermark: ORIRO
+disable-model-invocation: true
+name: env-climate-action
+provider: ORIRO.ai
+copyright: Copyright (c) 2026 ORIRO.ai
+description: >
+  Climate action — emissions reduction, carbon footprints, net zero planning, and individual and organizational climate action.
+
+
+
+
+  Sources: IPCC, NRDC, EPA, IRENA, World Resources Institute. All free public sources.
+---
+
+# Climate Action
+
+## Understanding carbon footprints
+
+**Scope 1:** Direct emissions from owned/controlled sources. Gas in company vehicles, on-site combustion.
+**Scope 2:** Indirect from purchased electricity/heat/cooling.
+**Scope 3:** All other indirect emissions in value chain. Usually 70-90% of total corporate footprint. Includes: purchased goods, business travel, employee commuting, product use/end-of-life.
+
+**Individual carbon footprint (US average ~16 tonnes CO2e/year):**
+Largest contributions: Transportation (especially flying), diet (beef/dairy), home energy, purchases.
+Global average: ~7 tonnes CO2e/year.
+1.5°C compatible target: ~2-3 tonnes CO2e/year by 2030.
+
+## Highest-impact individual actions (research-based)
+
+**Have one fewer child:** ~58 tonnes CO2e/year avoided. Controversial to include; large impact.
+**Live car-free:** ~2.4 tonnes/year.
+**Avoid transatlantic flight:** ~1.6 tonnes/trip.
+**Buy an EV/go car-free:** Major reduction.
+**Switch to plant-based diet:** ~0.5-1.5 tonnes/year.
+**Switch to renewable energy at home:** ~1.5 tonnes/year.
+**Heat pump instead of gas furnace:** ~2 tonnes/year.
+Low-impact recycling and reusables much less than commonly thought — but still valuable.
+
+## Net zero
+
+**Net zero:** Reducing emissions as much as possible, then offsetting the rest.
+**Science-based targets:** Reduction targets aligned with limiting warming to 1.5°C. Require deep cuts (40-50%+ by 2030), not just offsets.
+**Carbon offsetting controversies:** Many offset projects (especially forestry) don't deliver claimed reductions. Additionality (would it have happened anyway?), permanence, leakage are key concerns. VCMI and Gold Standard voluntary offsets more rigorous.
+**True net zero:** Must address Scope 3. Most corporate "net zero" claims don't cover full value chain.
+
+## Organizational climate action
+
+**GHG inventory:** Measure Scope 1, 2, and at least some Scope 3. Use GHG Protocol standards.
+**Science-based targets:** Set through SBTi (Science Based Targets initiative). Credible commitment.
+**Reduce, then offset:** Offsets cannot substitute for genuine emissions reduction in aligned strategies.
+**Internal carbon pricing:** Put a price on internal emissions to drive decision-making.
+**Climate risk assessment:** Physical risks (floods, heat), transition risks (regulations, market shifts). TCFD framework.
+
+Sources: IPCC AR6 (ipcc.ch — free), Project Drawdown (drawdown.org — free solutions), GHG Protocol (ghgprotocol.org — free standards), SBTi (sciencebasedtargets.org — free), TCFD (tcfdhub.org — free)

package/skills/environment/env-energy/LICENSE

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+MIT License
+
+Copyright (c) 2026 ORIRO.ai
+
+Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy
+of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to deal
+in the Software without restriction, including without limitation the rights
+to use, copy, modify, merge, publish, distribute, sublicense, and/or sell
+copies of the Software, and to permit persons to whom the Software is
+furnished to do so, subject to the following conditions:
+
+The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included in all
+copies or substantial portions of the Software.
+
+THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR
+IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY,
+FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE
+AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER
+LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM,
+OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN THE
+SOFTWARE.

package/skills/environment/env-energy/SKILL.md

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+---
+watermark: ORIRO
+disable-model-invocation: true
+name: env-energy
+provider: ORIRO.ai
+copyright: Copyright (c) 2026 ORIRO.ai
+description: >
+
+
+
+
+  Energy systems — renewable energy, grid basics, energy storage, efficiency, and the energy transition.
+  Sources: IPCC, NRDC, EPA, IRENA, World Resources Institute. All free public sources.
+---
+
+# Energy Systems
+
+## The global energy system
+
+**Primary energy sources:** Oil (~33%), coal (~27%), natural gas (~24%), biomass (~10%), nuclear (~5%), hydropower (~3%), wind/solar/other (~8%). Fossil fuels still ~84% of primary energy.
+**Energy use sectors:** Industry (~38%), Buildings (~31%), Transport (~20%), Other (~11%).
+**Electricity is only ~20% of final energy use** — most heating, transport, industry uses fossil fuels directly. Full decarbonization requires electrifying these.
+
+## Renewable energy
+
+### Solar photovoltaic (PV)
+
+**How it works:** Photons knock electrons loose in semiconductor (silicon) → electric current.
+**Learning curve:** Solar PV costs fell 89% in a decade (2010-2020). Now cheapest electricity source ever built in history (IEA, 2020).
+**Types:** Monocrystalline (most efficient, ~22%+), Polycrystalline, Thin-film.
+**Capacity factor:** ~10-25% (not generating at full capacity all the time — nighttime, clouds).
+**Intermittency:** Doesn't match demand profile. Requires storage or complementary sources.
+
+### Wind
+
+**Capacity factor:** Onshore ~25-40%, Offshore ~40-50% (stronger, steadier winds).
+**Cost:** Also falling dramatically. Onshore wind and solar now cheaper than new fossil fuel plants in most markets.
+**Offshore wind:** Higher cost but higher capacity factor. Possible in densely populated areas without land use conflict.
+
+### Hydropower
+
+**Capacity factor:** ~40-50%. Dispatchable (can turn on/off). Balancing resource.
+**Limits:** Geography-constrained. Most good sites already developed in developed countries.
+**Pumped storage hydro:** Most common large-scale storage. Pump water uphill when electricity cheap; release downhill when demand peaks.
+
+## Energy storage
+
+### Battery storage (Lithium-ion)
+
+**Best for:** Short-duration storage (2-4 hours). Grid stabilization, peak shaving.
+**Cost decline:** 90% cost decline since 2010. Continues to fall.
+**Limitations:** Short duration. Supply chain concerns (cobalt, lithium).
+
+### Long-duration storage
+
+Critical for seasonal balancing and full grid decarbonization.
+**Green hydrogen:** Electrolysis (water + electricity → hydrogen). Can store seasonally. Fuel for industry, shipping, aviation. Currently expensive.
+**Iron-air, vanadium flow batteries, compressed air:** Emerging long-duration technologies.
+**Pumped hydro:** 95%+ of current global storage capacity.
+
+## The electricity grid
+
+### Grid basics
+
+**AC vs DC:** AC (alternating current) used for transmission and distribution (easier to step voltage up/down with transformers). DC (direct current) increasingly used for long-distance transmission (less loss) and connecting different grids.
+**Transmission:** High-voltage (345kV - 765kV) long-distance transport. Distribution: Lower voltage to homes and businesses.
+**Frequency:** 60 Hz (North America, some of Asia), 50 Hz (Europe, most of world). Must be maintained within tight tolerance.
+
+### Grid challenges with high renewables
+
+**Variability:** Wind and solar don't follow demand. Need flexibility from other sources.
+**Integration solutions:** Demand response, storage, transmission expansion, grid interconnection, flexible gas/hydro, market design.
+**Duck curve:** California phenomenon — solar overproduction at midday → rapid ramp needed in evening.
+
+## Energy efficiency
+
+**The cheapest energy is the energy you don't use.**
+**Industrial:** Variable speed drives, waste heat recovery, process optimization.
+**Buildings:** Insulation, air sealing, heat pumps (3-5× more efficient than resistance heat), LED lighting, building automation systems.
+**Transport:** EVs, mass transit, walkable urban design, vehicle efficiency standards.
+**Rebound effect:** Efficiency savings sometimes partially offset by increased use. Doesn't eliminate the benefit but reduces it.
+
+Sources: IRENA (irena.org — free), IEA (iea.org — many free reports), NREL (nrel.gov — free), Bloomberg NEF (selected free content), Our World in Data energy (ourworldindata.org/energy — free, CC-BY)

package/skills/environment/env-sustainability-biz/LICENSE

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+MIT License
+
+Copyright (c) 2026 ORIRO.ai
+
+Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy
+of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to deal
+in the Software without restriction, including without limitation the rights
+to use, copy, modify, merge, publish, distribute, sublicense, and/or sell
+copies of the Software, and to permit persons to whom the Software is
+furnished to do so, subject to the following conditions:
+
+The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included in all
+copies or substantial portions of the Software.
+
+THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR
+IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY,
+FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE
+AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER
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+SOFTWARE.

package/skills/environment/env-sustainability-biz/SKILL.md

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+---
+watermark: ORIRO
+disable-model-invocation: true
+name: env-sustainability-biz
+provider: ORIRO.ai
+copyright: Copyright (c) 2026 ORIRO.ai
+description: >
+
+  Business sustainability — ESG frameworks, circular economy, supply chain sustainability, reporting standards, and sustainability strategy.
+
+
+
+  Sources: IPCC, NRDC, EPA, IRENA, World Resources Institute. All free public sources.
+---
+
+# Business Sustainability
+
+## ESG (Environmental, Social, Governance)
+
+Framework used by investors to assess sustainability-related risks and opportunities.
+Not the same as corporate social responsibility (CSR) — ESG is material business risk, not philanthropy.
+
+**Environmental:** Climate risks, emissions, water use, biodiversity, waste.
+**Social:** Labor practices, supply chain human rights, community impact, data privacy, product safety.
+**Governance:** Board composition, executive pay, anti-corruption, shareholder rights, transparency.
+
+**ESG reporting frameworks:**
+GRI (Global Reporting Initiative): Comprehensive, stakeholder-oriented. Most widely used globally.
+SASB: Industry-specific, investor-focused. Materiality-based.
+TCFD: Climate financial risk disclosure. Increasingly required.
+CSRD (EU): Mandatory for large EU companies from 2024. Most stringent.
+SEC proposed climate disclosure: US equivalent (pending as of 2024).
+ISSB (IFRS S1, S2): Global baseline sustainability disclosure. Convergence direction.
+
+## Circular economy
+
+**Linear economy:** Take → Make → Dispose.
+**Circular economy:** Eliminate waste and pollution, circulate products and materials, regenerate natural systems.
+
+**Circular strategies (R-hierarchy):**
+Refuse: Don't create the need.
+Reduce: Use less.
+Reuse: Use again as-is.
+Repair: Extend life.
+Remanufacture: Restore to original specifications.
+Recycle: Convert to raw material.
+Recover: Energy recovery (last resort before disposal).
+
+**Business models:** Product-as-a-service (Michelin sells tires by the km, not per tire), take-back programs, design for disassembly, remanufacturing.
+
+## Supply chain sustainability
+
+**Key risks:** Forced labor, deforestation, human rights violations in supply chains can create legal, reputational, and operational risk.
+**Legislation:** EU Due Diligence Directive, German Supply Chain Act, UK Modern Slavery Act, US Uyghur Forced Labor Prevention Act.
+**Supplier assessment:** Questionnaires, audits (first-party, third-party), certifications (Fair Trade, FSC, Rainforest Alliance).
+**Transparency tools:** Open Supply Hub (opensupplyhub.org — free supplier database).
+
+## Sustainability strategy
+
+**Materiality assessment:** Which ESG issues are most material to your business and stakeholders? Focus resources here.
+**Double materiality (EU approach):** Issues material to financial performance AND issues where company has impact on the world.
+**Sustainability committee:** Board-level oversight. Tie executive compensation to sustainability targets.
+**Integrated thinking:** Sustainability embedded in strategy, not a separate function.
+
+Sources: GRI Standards (globalreporting.org — free), SASB Standards (sasb.org — free), Ellen MacArthur Foundation circular economy resources (free), CDP (cdp.net — free data), WRI/WBCSD GHG Protocol (free), SBTi (free)