@oriro/orirocli 0.1.0

package/skills/engineering/eng-civil/SKILL.md

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+---
+watermark: ORIRO
+disable-model-invocation: true
+name: eng-civil
+provider: ORIRO.ai
+copyright: Copyright (c) 2026 ORIRO.ai
+description: >
+  Civil and structural engineering fundamentals — loads, materials, structural
+  systems, construction, and infrastructure. Activate for questions about
+  building structures, load calculations, material selection, construction
+  methods, foundations, bridges, or civil infrastructure. Sources: MIT OCW
+  Civil Engineering, ASCE standards summaries, OSHA construction safety,
+  USGS, OpenStax Physics. Consult a licensed professional engineer for
+  structural calculations on actual construction projects.
+---
+
+# Civil and Structural Engineering
+
+## Fundamental concepts
+
+### Forces and loads
+
+**Dead load:** Weight of the structure itself (permanent).
+Typical values:
+
+- Concrete: 150 lbs/ft³ (2,400 kg/m³)
+- Steel: 490 lbs/ft³ (7,850 kg/m³)
+- Wood (structural): 35-50 lbs/ft³
+- Brick masonry: 120-130 lbs/ft³
+
+**Live load:** Occupancy loads (people, furniture, equipment). Variable.
+Typical design values (ASCE 7):
+
+- Office floor: 50 psf (pounds per square foot)
+- Residential: 40 psf
+- Retail: 75-100 psf
+- Assembly (fixed seats): 60 psf
+- Library stacks: 150 psf
+
+**Environmental loads:**
+
+- Wind: depends on location, height, exposure. 90-150 mph design wind in US.
+- Snow: 0-100 psf depending on location.
+- Seismic: based on seismic zone, building occupancy, soil type.
+- Hydrostatic (water pressure): 62.4 pcf × depth
+
+**Load path:** How forces travel from roof → floors → walls → columns → foundation → soil.
+Every element in a structure must be able to carry its portion of the total load to the ground.
+
+---
+
+## Structural systems
+
+### Beam and column (post and beam)
+
+Most common for buildings.
+Columns carry vertical loads. Beams span horizontal distances.
+Rigid connections create moment frames (resist lateral loads).
+Pinned connections require additional lateral system (bracing, shear walls).
+
+### Shear walls
+
+Vertical elements that resist lateral (horizontal) loads — wind and seismic.
+Typically concrete or masonry walls, or wood-framed walls with structural sheathing.
+Must be positioned symmetrically to avoid torsion.
+
+### Trusses
+
+Triangulated frameworks. Efficient for long spans.
+All members carry axial loads only (tension or compression, no bending).
+Triangle is the only stable geometric shape without rigid joints.
+
+**Common truss types:**
+
+- Pratt: vertical members in tension, diagonals in compression (common)
+- Warren: no vertical members; alternating diagonal pattern
+- Howe: diagonals in tension, verticals in compression
+
+### Foundations
+
+**Shallow foundations (spread footings):**
+Used when adequate bearing capacity near surface.
+Strip footing: under walls.
+Spread footing: under columns.
+Mat foundation: one continuous slab under entire building.
+
+**Deep foundations:**
+Used when surface soils are inadequate.
+Piles: driven or drilled into competent bearing layer.
+Drilled piers/caissons: large-diameter drilled shafts.
+
+**Soil bearing capacity:**
+Sandy soil: 2,000-3,000 psf typical
+Clay: 1,000-2,000 psf
+Rock: 40,000+ psf
+Must verify with geotechnical investigation for real projects.
+
+---
+
+## Materials
+
+### Concrete
+
+**Composition:** Portland cement + water + fine aggregate + coarse aggregate.
+Water-to-cement ratio: lower = stronger, denser, more durable.
+
+**Compressive strength (f'c):** Typical structural concrete: 3,000-5,000 psi.
+High-performance: 10,000+ psi.
+**Tensile strength:** Only ~10% of compressive strength.
+→ Reinforce with steel where tension occurs.
+
+**Curing:** Concrete gains strength as it hydrates. Keep moist for 28 days.
+At 28 days: ~100% design strength. At 7 days: ~70%.
+
+**Reinforced concrete (RC):**
+Steel rebar placed where tension expected.
+Typical rebar sizes: #3 (3/8" diameter) through #11 (1-3/8").
+Cover: 1.5"-3" of concrete over rebar (protects from corrosion and fire).
+
+**Pre-stressed/post-tensioned concrete:**
+Steel tendons tensioned to put concrete in compression.
+Allows longer spans and thinner sections.
+
+### Steel
+
+**Wide-flange (W-shape) beams:** Most common structural steel.
+Designation: W12×35 = 12" nominal depth × 35 lb/linear foot.
+
+**Advantages over concrete:**
+High strength-to-weight ratio. Ductile (bends before failing). Recyclable. Fast to erect.
+
+**Disadvantages:**
+Expensive. Requires fireproofing. Corrosion if not protected.
+
+**Common grades:**
+A36: Fy = 36 ksi (older, still common)
+A572 Gr50: Fy = 50 ksi (more efficient, widely used)
+
+**Connection types:**
+Bolted: faster, field connections. A325 or A490 high-strength bolts.
+Welded: stronger, more rigid. Requires inspection.
+
+### Wood
+
+**Sawn lumber:** 2×4, 2×6, etc. (actual dimensions smaller than nominal).
+Species and grade affect strength significantly.
+Douglas fir and Southern yellow pine most common for structural use.
+
+**Engineered wood:**
+LVL (Laminated Veneer Lumber): predictable, high-strength beams.
+Glulam: glued laminated beams; very long spans.
+CLT (Cross-Laminated Timber): mass timber panels; alternative to concrete slabs.
+I-joists: floor and roof framing; engineered for efficiency.
+
+---
+
+## Soil and geotechnical basics
+
+### Soil classification
+
+Clay: fine-grained, plastic, compressible, low permeability.
+Silt: fine-grained, low plasticity, frost-susceptible.
+Sand: granular, non-plastic, permeable, good bearing.
+Gravel: coarse, excellent bearing capacity, drains well.
+
+**USCS (Unified Soil Classification System):**
+GW = gravel, well-graded (excellent)
+GP = gravel, poorly-graded (good)
+SW = sand, well-graded (good)
+SC = sandy clay (moderate)
+CL = lean clay (moderate to poor)
+CH = fat clay (poor; expansive)
+OH = organic clay (avoid for foundations)
+
+### Settlement
+
+**Immediate settlement:** Occurs during loading. Mostly in sands and gravels.
+**Consolidation settlement:** Slow drainage of water from clay. Can take years.
+**Differential settlement:** Different settlement at different points. Most damaging to structures.
+
+### Slope stability
+
+Factor of Safety = Resisting forces / Driving forces
+Minimum FS = 1.5 for most cuts and fills; higher for critical slopes.
+Failures: slides, rotational failures, erosion.
+
+---
+
+## Construction fundamentals
+
+### Critical path method (CPM)
+
+Identify all project activities and dependencies.
+Critical path: longest chain of dependent activities. Any delay here delays the whole project.
+Float: time an activity can be delayed without delaying the project.
+
+### Site safety (OSHA)
+
+**Fall protection required** at heights of 6 feet in construction (4 feet in general industry).
+Options: guardrails, safety nets, personal fall arrest systems.
+
+**Excavation safety (OSHA 29 CFR 1926 Subpart P):**
+Trenches 5+ feet: require protective system (sloping, shoring, trench box).
+Trench rescue plan required.
+Never enter an unprotected trench.
+
+**Electrical:**
+Maintain 10-foot clearance from overhead power lines.
+GFCI protection required on all construction sites.
+
+### Sustainability and LEED
+
+Energy efficiency: insulation, high-performance windows, efficient HVAC.
+Water efficiency: low-flow fixtures, rainwater harvesting, greywater.
+Materials: recycled content, regional sourcing, FSC-certified wood.
+Indoor air quality: low-VOC materials, ventilation.
+
+LEED certification: Certified, Silver, Gold, Platinum based on points.
+
+Sources: MIT OpenCourseWare Civil Engineering (ocw.mit.edu),
+ASCE 7 (Minimum Design Loads for Buildings and Other Structures) principles,
+OSHA Construction Safety Standards, USGS geological survey data,
+ACI 318 (Concrete Code) principles, AISC Steel Design Guide principles

package/skills/engineering/eng-control-systems/LICENSE

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+MIT License
+
+Copyright (c) 2026 ORIRO.ai
+
+Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy
+of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to deal
+in the Software without restriction, including without limitation the rights
+to use, copy, modify, merge, publish, distribute, sublicense, and/or sell
+copies of the Software, and to permit persons to whom the Software is
+furnished to do so, subject to the following conditions:
+
+The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included in all
+copies or substantial portions of the Software.
+
+THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR
+IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY,
+FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE
+AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER
+LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM,
+OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN THE
+SOFTWARE.

package/skills/engineering/eng-control-systems/SKILL.md

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+---
+watermark: ORIRO
+disable-model-invocation: true
+name: eng-control-systems
+provider: ORIRO.ai
+copyright: Copyright (c) 2026 ORIRO.ai
+description: >
+  Control systems engineering — PID controllers, state space, transfer functions,
+  stability analysis, Laplace transforms, frequency response, and GNC for
+  aerospace. Activate for control system design, PID tuning, stability analysis,
+  feedback loops, or any control engineering question.
+  Sources: MIT 6.302 OCW, OpenStax Physics, Ogata Modern Control Engineering.
+---
+
+# Control Systems Engineering
+
+## Feedback control fundamentals
+
+### Open loop vs. closed loop
+
+**Open loop:** No feedback. Output does not influence input. Simple, unreliable.
+**Closed loop (feedback):** Output measured, compared to desired reference, error used to adjust input.
+Error e(t) = r(t) − y(t) — reference minus actual output.
+
+### Block diagram elements
+
+**Plant (G):** System being controlled (motor, rocket, thermostat).
+**Controller (C):** Generates control signal from error.
+**Sensor (H):** Measures plant output.
+**Closed-loop transfer function:** Y/R = GC/(1 + GCH)
+
+## Laplace transform and transfer functions
+
+s-domain representation converts differential equations to algebraic equations.
+**Laplace pairs:**
+d/dt → s × F(s) − f(0)
+∫ → F(s)/s
+Unit step: 1/s
+Exponential e^(−at): 1/(s+a)
+
+**Transfer function:** G(s) = Output(s)/Input(s) with zero initial conditions.
+First-order system: G(s) = K/(τs + 1). Time constant τ = time to reach 63.2% of final value.
+Second-order system: G(s) = ωn²/(s² + 2ζωnS + ωn²)
+ωn = natural frequency, ζ = damping ratio.
+
+### Damping ratio effects
+
+ζ < 1: Underdamped (oscillatory response). Overshoot = e^(−πζ/√(1−ζ²)) × 100%.
+ζ = 1: Critically damped (fastest non-oscillatory response).
+ζ > 1: Overdamped (slow, no overshoot).
+Target for most control systems: ζ ≈ 0.7 (moderate speed, ~5% overshoot).
+
+## PID control
+
+PID = Proportional-Integral-Derivative. Most widely used controller in industry.
+
+u(t) = Kp·e(t) + Ki·∫e(t)dt + Kd·de(t)/dt
+
+**Proportional (Kp):**
+Increases with error. Reduces steady-state error but doesn't eliminate it.
+Too high Kp → oscillations, instability.
+
+**Integral (Ki):**
+Eliminates steady-state error (integrates accumulated error).
+Too high Ki → slow oscillations, windup.
+Anti-windup: Clamp integrator when actuator saturated.
+
+**Derivative (Kd):**
+Predicts future error. Reduces overshoot, improves settling time.
+Sensitive to noise. Often filtered: Kd·s/(τd·s + 1).
+
+### PID tuning methods
+
+**Ziegler-Nichols (step response method):**
+
+1. From step response: measure dead time L and time constant T.
+2. Kp = 1.2T/L, Ti = 2L, Td = 0.5L.
+
+**Ziegler-Nichols (oscillation method):**
+
+1. Increase Kp until sustained oscillations (ultimate gain Ku, period Pu).
+2. PID: Kp = 0.6Ku, Ti = 0.5Pu, Td = 0.125Pu.
+
+**Manual tuning rule of thumb:**
+Start: Kp only. Increase until good tracking, some oscillation.
+Add Ki: Small value, increases until steady-state error eliminated.
+Add Kd: Increase until oscillations reduced.
+
+## Stability analysis
+
+### Routh-Hurwitz criterion
+
+For polynomial characteristic equation: all coefficients must be positive AND Routh array conditions satisfied.
+Quick check: Any negative or zero coefficients → unstable (necessary but not sufficient).
+
+### Root locus
+
+Plot of closed-loop poles as gain K varies from 0 to ∞.
+Poles start at open-loop poles (K=0), end at open-loop zeros (K=∞).
+Stable if all poles in left-half s-plane.
+Unstable if any pole crosses to right-half plane.
+
+### Bode plot (frequency response)
+
+Log-magnitude vs. frequency + Phase vs. frequency.
+**Gain margin (GM):** Additional gain at phase crossover (phase = −180°) before instability.
+Requirement: GM > 6 dB typical.
+**Phase margin (PM):** Additional phase at gain crossover (gain = 0 dB) before instability.
+Requirement: PM > 45° typical.
+Poor PM → oscillatory transient response.
+
+### Nyquist criterion
+
+For systems with time delay or right-half plane poles.
+Encirclements of −1+j0 point determine stability.
+
+## State space representation
+
+x' = Ax + Bu (state equation)
+y = Cx + Du (output equation)
+
+A = system matrix, B = input matrix, C = output matrix, D = feedthrough.
+n states fully describe system's dynamic behavior.
+
+**Controllability:** All states can be driven to any value by input. rank(B AB A²B...) = n.
+**Observability:** All states can be estimated from outputs. rank(C CA CA²...) = n.
+
+### State feedback
+
+u = −Kx (full state feedback).
+K chosen to place closed-loop eigenvalues (poles) at desired locations.
+LQR (Linear Quadratic Regulator): Optimal K minimizing ∫(x'Qx + u'Ru)dt.
+Q = state cost matrix (how much deviation costs), R = control effort cost matrix.
+
+## GNC for aerospace (Guidance, Navigation, Control)
+
+**Navigation:** Determine vehicle state (position, velocity, attitude).
+Sensors: IMU (accelerometers + gyroscopes), GPS, star trackers, sun sensors, radar altimeter.
+**Extended Kalman Filter (EKF):** Fuse multiple sensor inputs, estimate state with uncertainty.
+
+**Guidance:** Determine desired trajectory to reach target.
+Proportional navigation (missiles), gravity turns (launch vehicles), Lambert targeting (orbital rendezvous).
+
+**Control:** Track the guidance commands.
+Launch vehicle: Thrust vector control (TVC) — gimbal engines ±7° for pitch/yaw.
+Spacecraft: Reaction wheels (electric), CMGs (control moment gyros), RCS thrusters.
+Attitude quaternion: 4-parameter representation, avoids gimbal lock.
+
+### PID for attitude control
+
+Error = quaternion error between desired and actual attitude.
+Three separate PIDs: roll, pitch, yaw axes.
+Cross-coupling between axes: must account for in design (gyroscopic effects).
+
+Sources: MIT OCW 6.302 Feedback System Design (CC-BY-NC-SA),
+Ogata "Modern Control Engineering" (principles),
+Franklin, Powell, Emami-Naeini "Feedback Control of Dynamic Systems" (principles),
+NASA GNC engineering standards (public domain)

package/skills/engineering/eng-cryogenics/LICENSE

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+MIT License
+
+Copyright (c) 2026 ORIRO.ai
+
+Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy
+of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to deal
+in the Software without restriction, including without limitation the rights
+to use, copy, modify, merge, publish, distribute, sublicense, and/or sell
+copies of the Software, and to permit persons to whom the Software is
+furnished to do so, subject to the following conditions:
+
+The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included in all
+copies or substantial portions of the Software.
+
+THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR
+IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY,
+FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE
+AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER
+LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM,
+OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN THE
+SOFTWARE.

package/skills/engineering/eng-cryogenics/SKILL.md

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+---
+watermark: ORIRO
+disable-model-invocation: true
+name: eng-cryogenics
+provider: ORIRO.ai
+copyright: Copyright (c) 2026 ORIRO.ai
+description: >
+  Cryogenic engineering — low-temperature physics, cryogenic fluids (LOX, LH2,
+  LNG, LN2), storage systems, insulation, safety, and transfer operations.
+  Activate for cryogenic fuel handling, storage design, insulation selection,
+  or any low-temperature engineering question.
+  Sources: NIST Cryogenics (free), NASA cryogenic guidelines (public domain).
+---
+
+# Cryogenic Engineering
+
+## What cryogenics covers
+
+Cryogenics: Engineering below −150°C (123 K).
+Critical to: Rocket propellants, MRI magnets, liquefied natural gas (LNG), particle accelerators, quantum computers.
+
+## Key cryogenic fluids
+
+| Fluid                 | Boiling point (atm) | Density (liquid) | Notes                                                                   |
+| --------------------- | ------------------- | ---------------- | ----------------------------------------------------------------------- |
+| Liquid nitrogen (LN2) | −196°C / 77 K       | 808 kg/m³        | Inert, cheap, widely used for cooling                                   |
+| Liquid oxygen (LOX)   | −183°C / 90 K       | 1,141 kg/m³      | Rocket oxidizer, strong oxidizer, supports combustion                   |
+| Liquid hydrogen (LH2) | −253°C / 20 K       | 70 kg/m³         | Highest Isp rocket fuel; extremely low density; wide flammability range |
+| Liquid methane (LCH4) | −161°C / 112 K      | 424 kg/m³        | Rocket fuel; LNG transportation; ISRU candidate                         |
+| Liquid helium (LHe)   | −269°C / 4 K        | 125 kg/m³        | MRI magnets, dilution refrigerators, superconductor cooling             |
+
+## Thermodynamic behavior
+
+### Boiling and flash vaporization
+
+When pressure drops below saturation pressure, liquid flashes to vapor.
+Transfer line pressure drop must account for flash vaporization.
+Two-phase flow in transfer lines: avoid or account for — unpredictable pressure drops and potential water hammer.
+
+### Ortho/para hydrogen
+
+LH2 exists in two spin states: ortho-H₂ (75% at room temp) and para-H₂ (25% at room temp).
+At 20 K: equilibrium is >99% para-H₂.
+ortho→para conversion is exothermic. If not converted during liquefaction, conversion occurs during storage, releasing heat → boil-off.
+Solution: Use catalysts (iron oxide, chromic oxide) during liquefaction to convert to para-H₂.
+
+### Thermal stratification
+
+In large cryogenic tanks, temperature gradients form. Top warmer → higher pressure.
+"Rollover": Sudden mixing of stratified layers → rapid pressure rise → risk of relief valve opening and boil-off loss.
+Mitigation: Mixing jets, pressure management systems.
+
+## Insulation systems
+
+### Vacuum jacket (Dewar flask)
+
+Double-wall vessel with evacuated annular space.
+Residual heat transfer: radiation + residual gas conduction.
+Effective vacuum: < 10⁻³ Torr.
+
+### Multi-layer insulation (MLI)
+
+Alternating layers of aluminized Mylar (or double-aluminized Mylar) and fiberglass or silk net spacers.
+Spacing critical — too tight = conduction dominant; too loose = radiation dominant.
+Typical: 20-80 layers at 10-30 layers/cm.
+Effective conductivity: 10⁻⁵ W/m·K (vs. 0.03 W/m·K for aerogel in air).
+ONLY effective in vacuum. Worthless in air (gas conduction dominates).
+
+### Foam insulation (external cryotanks)
+
+Spray-on polyurethane foam. Primary function: prevents air liquefaction on tank surface.
+At −253°C (LH2 tank), air liquefies on uninsulated surface → dangerous LOX accumulation.
+Space Shuttle external tank foam: significant source of debris (Columbia).
+
+### Vacuum powder insulation
+
+Evacuated space filled with perlite (volcanic glass) powder.
+Simpler than MLI. Less performance. Used for large storage tanks.
+
+## Cryogenic materials
+
+### Embrittlement
+
+Many materials become brittle at cryogenic temperatures. NEVER use at cryogenic temps without verifying:
+
+- Carbon steel: brittle below −30°C. DO NOT USE for cryogenic systems.
+- Aluminum alloys (6061, 5083, 2219): maintain ductility to very low temps. Excellent for cryo.
+- Austenitic stainless steel (304, 316): good at cryogenic temps.
+- PTFE (Teflon): maintains sealing properties at cryo temps. Good for seals.
+- Brass: acceptable. Used in valves.
+- Copper: excellent. Used for heat exchangers.
+
+### Thermal contraction
+
+All materials contract when cooled. Differential contraction between dissimilar materials creates stress.
+Design rule: Calculate ΔL = L₀ × α × ΔT for all joints and connections.
+Aluminum α ≈ 23×10⁻⁶/K. From 20°C to −196°C: ΔL/L ≈ 0.5%.
+Use flexible bellows or expansion loops in piping to absorb contraction.
+
+## Storage system design
+
+### Pressure-fed systems
+
+Tank pressurized with helium or warm GH₂/GOX to push propellant to engine.
+Simple. No pumps. Weight penalty from heavy pressure vessels.
+Common for attitude control, upper stages.
+
+### Tank pressurization
+
+Prevent tank collapse during draining (ullage pressure).
+Prevent two-phase flow to engine (keep liquid subcooled).
+Pressurize with: warm autogenous gas (same propellant), or helium.
+LOX tanks typically pressurized with GOX (autogenous).
+LH₂ tanks: GH₂ or helium.
+
+### Venting and safety
+
+Cryogenic tanks must have pressure relief valves (PRVs). No exceptions.
+Liquid expansion on warming: 700:1 volume ratio for LH₂ (liquid to gas). 860:1 for LOX.
+A sealed tank warming from 20 K to 300 K will rupture catastrophically without venting.
+**Never seal a cryogenic tank without a pressure relief path.**
+
+### LOX safety rules
+
+LOX supports and accelerates combustion of any organic material.
+Never allow LOX contact with: petroleum products, organics, rubber (except specific LOX-compatible elastomers), contaminated surfaces.
+LOX compatibility test: Impact test (Liquid Oxygen Compatibility Testing, ASTM D2512).
+Stainless steel and aluminum are LOX-compatible. Copper and brass generally OK.
+Teflon (PTFE): conditionally compatible — avoid in impact/pressure environments with LOX.
+Clean rooms and LOX systems: particle-free (particles + LOX + impact = ignition risk).
+
+### LH₂ safety rules
+
+Flammability range: 4-75% in air (vs. natural gas 5-15%). Extremely wide.
+Ignition energy: 0.017 mJ (vs. 0.29 mJ for methane). Very easily ignited.
+Invisible flame: LH₂ burns with invisible flame in air. Use sensors, not visual inspection.
+Embrittlement of certain materials: some high-strength steels susceptible to hydrogen embrittlement.
+Leak detection: Thermal imaging, catalytic sensors.
+Ventilation: LH₂ is lighter than air — vents must direct upward, away from ignition sources.
+
+## Transfer operations
+
+**Chill-down:** Must cool all lines, valves, and pumps before flowing cryogenic fluid.
+Initial flow: Liquid flashes to vapor as it contacts warm surfaces → back pressure, flow interruption.
+Chill-down time: Minutes to tens of minutes for large systems.
+Transfer rate: Limited by chill-down heat load + allowable boil-off.
+**Autogenous pressurization:** Vaporize small amount of propellant in heat exchanger → use to pressurize tank.
+
+Sources: NIST Cryogenics (nvlpubs.nist.gov — free), NASA TM-2016-218560 (public domain),
+NASA Cryogenic Fluid Management technology program (public domain),
+Barron "Cryogenic Engineering" (principles), Scott "Cryogenic Engineering" (principles)

package/skills/engineering/eng-electrical/LICENSE

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+MIT License
+
+Copyright (c) 2026 ORIRO.ai
+
+Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy
+of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to deal
+in the Software without restriction, including without limitation the rights
+to use, copy, modify, merge, publish, distribute, sublicense, and/or sell
+copies of the Software, and to permit persons to whom the Software is
+furnished to do so, subject to the following conditions:
+
+The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included in all
+copies or substantial portions of the Software.
+
+THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR
+IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY,
+FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE
+AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER
+LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM,
+OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN THE
+SOFTWARE.

package/skills/engineering/eng-electrical/SKILL.md

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+---
+watermark: ORIRO
+disable-model-invocation: true
+name: eng-electrical
+provider: ORIRO.ai
+copyright: Copyright (c) 2026 ORIRO.ai
+description: >
+
+  Electrical engineering — circuits, power systems, electronics, digital systems, signal processing, and electromagnetic fundamentals.
+
+
+
+
+
+  Sources: MIT OCW, ASME principles, OSHA, engineering textbook fundamentals.
+  Consult a licensed professional engineer for safety-critical calculations.
+---
+
+# Electrical Engineering Fundamentals
+
+## DC circuit fundamentals
+
+**Ohm's Law:** V = IR (Voltage = Current × Resistance)
+**Power:** P = VI = I²R = V²/R (Watts)
+**Kirchhoff's Voltage Law (KVL):** Sum of voltages around any closed loop = 0.
+**Kirchhoff's Current Law (KCL):** Sum of currents entering a node = sum leaving.
+**Series resistors:** R_total = R₁ + R₂ + R₃...
+**Parallel resistors:** 1/R_total = 1/R₁ + 1/R₂ + 1/R₃...
+
+## AC circuits
+
+**AC voltage:** v(t) = Vm·sin(ωt + φ). ω = 2πf (angular frequency)
+**RMS:** V_rms = Vm/√2. P_avg = V_rms × I_rms × cos(φ)
+**Impedance:** Z = R + jX. Magnitude |Z| = √(R² + X²).
+**Inductor impedance:** Z_L = jωL (increases with frequency)
+**Capacitor impedance:** Z_C = 1/(jωC) (decreases with frequency)
+**Resonance:** Z is purely resistive. f₀ = 1/(2π√LC)
+
+## Semiconductors and transistors
+
+**Diode:** One-way current flow. Forward voltage ~0.7V (silicon). Rectification, protection, signal demodulation.
+**MOSFET (most common):** Voltage-controlled switch/amplifier.
+n-channel MOSFET: Gate voltage turns it ON. Used in most digital logic and power switching.
+Gate-Source voltage (V_GS) > threshold voltage → channel conducts.
+**BJT:** Current-controlled amplifier. β = I_C/I_B (typical 50-300).
+
+## Digital logic
+
+**Boolean algebra:** AND, OR, NOT, NAND, NOR, XOR.
+NAND is universal gate — any logic can be built from NAND gates alone.
+**Combinational logic:** Output depends only on current inputs. Adders, multiplexers, decoders.
+**Sequential logic:** Output depends on inputs AND previous state. Flip-flops, registers, counters.
+**D flip-flop:** Captures input D at clock edge. Foundation of digital memory and state machines.
+
+## Power systems
+
+**Three-phase power:** Most efficient for large power transmission. Three phases 120° apart.
+P = √3 × V_L × I_L × cos(φ) (V_L = line-to-line voltage)
+**Transformers:** Step voltage up/down. V₁/V₂ = N₁/N₂. Ideal: V₁I₁ = V₂I₂.
+**Power factor:** cos(φ) = real power/apparent power. Low PF = inefficient, utility penalizes.
+
+## PCB design basics
+
+**Trace width:** Determine from current capacity and temperature rise. Online calculators essential.
+**Ground planes:** Provide low-impedance return path. Reduce EMI.
+**Bypass capacitors:** Place close to each IC power pin. 100nF ceramic standard.
+**Differential pairs:** For high-speed signals. Keep traces matched in length.
+
+Sources: MIT OCW 6.002 Circuits and Electronics, Sedra/Smith Microelectronic Circuits (principles),
+Horowitz & Hill The Art of Electronics (principles), IEEE standards