ibm_db 5.6.1-arm64-darwin-24

data/test/cases/locking_test.rb

@@ -0,0 +1,787 @@
+# frozen_string_literal: true
+
+require "thread"
+require "cases/helper"
+require "models/person"
+require "models/job"
+require "models/reader"
+require "models/ship"
+require "models/legacy_thing"
+require "models/personal_legacy_thing"
+require "models/reference"
+require "models/string_key_object"
+require "models/car"
+require "models/bulb"
+require "models/engine"
+require "models/wheel"
+require "models/treasure"
+require "models/frog"
+
+class LockWithoutDefault < ActiveRecord::Base; end
+
+class LockWithCustomColumnWithoutDefault < ActiveRecord::Base
+  self.table_name = :lock_without_defaults_cust
+  column_defaults # to test @column_defaults caching.
+  self.locking_column = :custom_lock_version
+end
+
+class ReadonlyNameShip < Ship
+  attr_readonly :name
+end
+
+class OptimisticLockingTest < ActiveRecord::TestCase
+  fixtures :people, :legacy_things, :references, :string_key_objects, :peoples_treasures
+
+  def test_quote_value_passed_lock_col
+    p1 = Person.find(1)
+    assert_equal 0, p1.lock_version
+
+    p1.first_name = "anika2"
+    p1.save!
+
+    assert_equal 1, p1.lock_version
+  end
+
+  def test_non_integer_lock_existing
+    s1 = StringKeyObject.find("record1")
+    s2 = StringKeyObject.find("record1")
+    assert_equal 0, s1.lock_version
+    assert_equal 0, s2.lock_version
+
+    s1.name = "updated record"
+    s1.save!
+    assert_equal 1, s1.lock_version
+    assert_equal 0, s2.lock_version
+
+    s2.name = "doubly updated record"
+    assert_raise(ActiveRecord::StaleObjectError) { s2.save! }
+  end
+
+  def test_non_integer_lock_destroy
+    s1 = StringKeyObject.find("record1")
+    s2 = StringKeyObject.find("record1")
+    assert_equal 0, s1.lock_version
+    assert_equal 0, s2.lock_version
+
+    s1.name = "updated record"
+    s1.save!
+    assert_equal 1, s1.lock_version
+    assert_equal 0, s2.lock_version
+    assert_raise(ActiveRecord::StaleObjectError) { s2.destroy }
+
+    assert s1.destroy
+    assert_predicate s1, :frozen?
+    assert_predicate s1, :destroyed?
+    assert_raises(ActiveRecord::RecordNotFound) { StringKeyObject.find("record1") }
+  end
+
+  def test_lock_existing
+    p1 = Person.find(1)
+    p2 = Person.find(1)
+    assert_equal 0, p1.lock_version
+    assert_equal 0, p2.lock_version
+
+    p1.first_name = "stu"
+    p1.save!
+    assert_equal 1, p1.lock_version
+    assert_equal 0, p2.lock_version
+
+    p2.first_name = "sue"
+    assert_raise(ActiveRecord::StaleObjectError) { p2.save! }
+  end
+
+  # See Lighthouse ticket #1966
+  def test_lock_destroy
+    p1 = Person.find(1)
+    p2 = Person.find(1)
+    assert_equal 0, p1.lock_version
+    assert_equal 0, p2.lock_version
+
+    p1.first_name = "stu"
+    p1.save!
+    assert_equal 1, p1.lock_version
+    assert_equal 0, p2.lock_version
+
+    assert_raises(ActiveRecord::StaleObjectError) { p2.destroy }
+
+    assert p1.destroy
+    assert_predicate p1, :frozen?
+    assert_predicate p1, :destroyed?
+    assert_raises(ActiveRecord::RecordNotFound) { Person.find(1) }
+  end
+
+  def test_lock_repeating
+    p1 = Person.find(1)
+    p2 = Person.find(1)
+    assert_equal 0, p1.lock_version
+    assert_equal 0, p2.lock_version
+
+    p1.first_name = "stu"
+    p1.save!
+    assert_equal 1, p1.lock_version
+    assert_equal 0, p2.lock_version
+
+    p2.first_name = "sue"
+    assert_raise(ActiveRecord::StaleObjectError) { p2.save! }
+    p2.first_name = "sue2"
+    assert_raise(ActiveRecord::StaleObjectError) { p2.save! }
+  end
+
+  def test_lock_new
+    p1 = Person.new(first_name: "anika")
+    assert_equal 0, p1.lock_version
+
+    p1.first_name = "anika2"
+    p1.save!
+    p2 = Person.find(p1.id)
+    assert_equal 0, p1.lock_version
+    assert_equal 0, p2.lock_version
+
+    p1.first_name = "anika3"
+    p1.save!
+    assert_equal 1, p1.lock_version
+    assert_equal 0, p2.lock_version
+
+    p2.first_name = "sue"
+    assert_raise(ActiveRecord::StaleObjectError) { p2.save! }
+  end
+
+  def test_lock_exception_record
+    p1 = Person.new(first_name: "mira")
+    assert_equal 0, p1.lock_version
+
+    p1.first_name = "mira2"
+    p1.save!
+    p2 = Person.find(p1.id)
+    assert_equal 0, p1.lock_version
+    assert_equal 0, p2.lock_version
+
+    p1.first_name = "mira3"
+    p1.save!
+
+    p2.first_name = "sue"
+    error = assert_raise(ActiveRecord::StaleObjectError) { p2.save! }
+    assert_same error.record, p2
+  end
+
+  def test_lock_new_when_explicitly_passing_nil
+    p1 = Person.new(first_name: "anika", lock_version: nil)
+    p1.save!
+    assert_equal 0, p1.lock_version
+  end
+
+  def test_lock_new_when_explicitly_passing_value
+    p1 = Person.new(first_name: "Douglas Adams", lock_version: 42)
+    p1.save!
+    assert_equal 42, p1.lock_version
+  end
+
+  def test_touch_existing_lock
+    p1 = Person.find(1)
+    assert_equal 0, p1.lock_version
+
+    p1.touch
+    assert_equal 1, p1.lock_version
+    assert_not_predicate p1, :changed?, "Changes should have been cleared"
+    assert_predicate p1, :saved_changes?
+    assert_equal ["lock_version", "updated_at"], p1.saved_changes.keys.sort
+  end
+
+  def test_touch_stale_object
+    person = Person.create!(first_name: "Mehmet Emin")
+    stale_person = Person.find(person.id)
+    person.update_attribute(:gender, "M")
+
+    assert_raises(ActiveRecord::StaleObjectError) do
+      stale_person.touch
+    end
+
+    assert_not_predicate stale_person, :saved_changes?
+  end
+
+  def test_update_with_dirty_primary_key
+    assert_raises(ActiveRecord::RecordNotUnique) do
+      person = Person.find(1)
+      person.id = 2
+      person.save!
+    end
+
+    person = Person.find(1)
+    person.id = 42
+    person.save!
+
+    assert Person.find(42)
+    assert_raises(ActiveRecord::RecordNotFound) do
+      Person.find(1)
+    end
+  end
+
+  def test_delete_with_dirty_primary_key
+    person = Person.find(1)
+    person.id = 2
+    person.delete
+
+    assert Person.find(2)
+    assert_raises(ActiveRecord::RecordNotFound) do
+      Person.find(1)
+    end
+  end
+
+  def test_destroy_with_dirty_primary_key
+    person = Person.find(1)
+    person.id = 2
+    person.destroy
+
+    assert Person.find(2)
+    assert_raises(ActiveRecord::RecordNotFound) do
+      Person.find(1)
+    end
+  end
+
+  def test_explicit_update_lock_column_raise_error
+    person = Person.find(1)
+
+    assert_raises(ActiveRecord::StaleObjectError) do
+      person.first_name = "Douglas Adams"
+      person.lock_version = 42
+
+      assert_predicate person, :lock_version_changed?
+
+      person.save
+    end
+  end
+
+  def test_lock_column_name_existing
+    t1 = LegacyThing.find(1)
+    t2 = LegacyThing.find(1)
+    assert_equal 0, t1.version
+    assert_equal 0, t2.version
+
+    t1.tps_report_number = 700
+    t1.save!
+    assert_equal 1, t1.version
+    assert_equal 0, t2.version
+
+    t2.tps_report_number = 800
+    assert_raise(ActiveRecord::StaleObjectError) { t2.save! }
+  end
+
+  def test_lock_column_is_mass_assignable
+    p1 = Person.create(first_name: "bianca")
+    assert_equal 0, p1.lock_version
+    assert_equal p1.lock_version, Person.new(p1.attributes).lock_version
+
+    p1.first_name = "bianca2"
+    p1.save!
+    assert_equal 1, p1.lock_version
+    assert_equal p1.lock_version, Person.new(p1.attributes).lock_version
+  end
+
+  def test_lock_without_default_sets_version_to_zero
+    t1 = LockWithoutDefault.new
+
+    assert_equal 0, t1.lock_version
+    assert_nil t1.lock_version_before_type_cast
+
+    t1.save!
+    t1.reload
+
+    assert_equal 0, t1.lock_version
+    assert_equal 0, t1.lock_version_before_type_cast
+  end
+
+  def test_touch_existing_lock_without_default_should_work_with_null_in_the_database
+    ActiveRecord::Base.connection.execute("INSERT INTO lock_without_defaults(title) VALUES('title1')")
+    t1 = LockWithoutDefault.last
+
+    assert_equal 0, t1.lock_version
+    assert_nil t1.lock_version_before_type_cast
+
+    t1.touch
+
+    assert_equal 1, t1.lock_version
+    assert_not_predicate t1, :changed?
+    assert_predicate t1, :saved_changes?
+    assert_equal ["lock_version", "updated_at"], t1.saved_changes.keys.sort
+  end
+
+  def test_touch_stale_object_with_lock_without_default
+    t1 = LockWithoutDefault.create!(title: "title1")
+    stale_object = LockWithoutDefault.find(t1.id)
+
+    t1.update!(title: "title2")
+
+    assert_raises(ActiveRecord::StaleObjectError) do
+      stale_object.touch
+    end
+
+    assert_not_predicate stale_object, :saved_changes?
+  end
+
+  def test_lock_without_default_should_work_with_null_in_the_database
+    ActiveRecord::Base.connection.execute("INSERT INTO lock_without_defaults(title) VALUES('title1')")
+    t1 = LockWithoutDefault.last
+    t2 = LockWithoutDefault.find(t1.id)
+
+    assert_equal 0, t1.lock_version
+    assert_nil t1.lock_version_before_type_cast
+    assert_equal 0, t2.lock_version
+    assert_nil t2.lock_version_before_type_cast
+
+    t1.title = "new title1"
+    t2.title = "new title2"
+
+    assert_nothing_raised { t1.save! }
+    assert_equal 1, t1.lock_version
+    assert_equal "new title1", t1.title
+
+    assert_raise(ActiveRecord::StaleObjectError) { t2.save! }
+    assert_equal 0, t2.lock_version
+    assert_equal "new title2", t2.title
+  end
+
+  def test_update_with_lock_version_without_default_should_work_on_dirty_value_before_type_cast
+    ActiveRecord::Base.connection.execute("INSERT INTO lock_without_defaults(title) VALUES('title1')")
+    t1 = LockWithoutDefault.last
+
+    assert_equal 0, t1.lock_version
+    assert_nil t1.lock_version_before_type_cast
+
+    t1.lock_version = t1.lock_version
+
+    assert_equal 0, t1.lock_version
+    assert_equal 0, t1.lock_version_before_type_cast
+
+    assert_nothing_raised { t1.update!(title: "new title1") }
+    assert_equal 1, t1.lock_version
+    assert_equal "new title1", t1.title
+  end
+
+  def test_destroy_with_lock_version_without_default_should_work_on_dirty_value_before_type_cast
+    ActiveRecord::Base.connection.execute("INSERT INTO lock_without_defaults(title) VALUES('title1')")
+    t1 = LockWithoutDefault.last
+
+    assert_equal 0, t1.lock_version
+    assert_nil t1.lock_version_before_type_cast
+
+    t1.lock_version = t1.lock_version
+
+    assert_equal 0, t1.lock_version
+    assert_equal 0, t1.lock_version_before_type_cast
+
+    assert_nothing_raised { t1.destroy! }
+    assert_predicate t1, :destroyed?
+  end
+
+  def test_lock_without_default_queries_count
+    t1 = LockWithoutDefault.create(title: "title1")
+
+    assert_equal "title1", t1.title
+    assert_equal 0, t1.lock_version
+
+    assert_queries(1) { t1.update(title: "title2") }
+
+    t1.reload
+    assert_equal "title2", t1.title
+    assert_equal 1, t1.lock_version
+
+    t2 = LockWithoutDefault.new(title: "title1")
+
+    assert_queries(1) { t2.save! }
+
+    t2.reload
+    assert_equal "title1", t2.title
+    assert_equal 0, t2.lock_version
+  end
+
+  def test_lock_with_custom_column_without_default_sets_version_to_zero
+    t1 = LockWithCustomColumnWithoutDefault.new
+
+    assert_equal 0, t1.custom_lock_version
+    assert_nil t1.custom_lock_version_before_type_cast
+
+    t1.save!
+    t1.reload
+
+    assert_equal 0, t1.custom_lock_version
+    assert_equal 0, t1.custom_lock_version_before_type_cast
+  end
+
+  def test_lock_with_custom_column_without_default_should_work_with_null_in_the_database
+    ActiveRecord::Base.connection.execute("INSERT INTO lock_without_defaults_cust(title) VALUES('title1')")
+
+    t1 = LockWithCustomColumnWithoutDefault.last
+    t2 = LockWithCustomColumnWithoutDefault.find(t1.id)
+
+    assert_equal 0, t1.custom_lock_version
+    assert_nil t1.custom_lock_version_before_type_cast
+    assert_equal 0, t2.custom_lock_version
+    assert_nil t2.custom_lock_version_before_type_cast
+
+    t1.title = "new title1"
+    t2.title = "new title2"
+
+    assert_nothing_raised { t1.save! }
+    assert_equal 1, t1.custom_lock_version
+    assert_equal "new title1", t1.title
+
+    assert_raise(ActiveRecord::StaleObjectError) { t2.save! }
+    assert_equal 0, t2.custom_lock_version
+    assert_equal "new title2", t2.title
+  end
+
+  def test_lock_with_custom_column_without_default_queries_count
+    t1 = LockWithCustomColumnWithoutDefault.create(title: "title1")
+
+    assert_equal "title1", t1.title
+    assert_equal 0, t1.custom_lock_version
+
+    assert_queries(1) { t1.update(title: "title2") }
+
+    t1.reload
+    assert_equal "title2", t1.title
+    assert_equal 1, t1.custom_lock_version
+
+    t2 = LockWithCustomColumnWithoutDefault.new(title: "title1")
+
+    assert_queries(1) { t2.save! }
+
+    t2.reload
+    assert_equal "title1", t2.title
+    assert_equal 0, t2.custom_lock_version
+  end
+
+  def test_readonly_attributes
+    assert_equal Set.new([ "name" ]), ReadonlyNameShip.readonly_attributes
+
+    s = ReadonlyNameShip.create(name: "unchangeable name")
+    s.reload
+    assert_equal "unchangeable name", s.name
+
+    s.update(name: "changed name")
+    s.reload
+    assert_equal "unchangeable name", s.name
+  end
+
+  def test_quote_table_name
+    ref = references(:michael_magician)
+    ref.favourite = !ref.favourite
+    assert ref.save
+  end
+
+  # Useful for partial updates, don't only update the lock_version if there
+  # is nothing else being updated.
+  def test_update_without_attributes_does_not_only_update_lock_version
+    assert_nothing_raised do
+      p1 = Person.create!(first_name: "anika")
+      lock_version = p1.lock_version
+      p1.save
+      p1.reload
+      assert_equal lock_version, p1.lock_version
+    end
+  end
+
+  def test_counter_cache_with_touch_and_lock_version
+    car = Car.create!
+
+    assert_equal 0, car.wheels_count
+    assert_equal 0, car.lock_version
+
+    previously_updated_at = car.updated_at
+    previously_wheels_owned_at = car.wheels_owned_at
+    travel(1.second) do
+      Wheel.create!(wheelable: car)
+    end
+
+    assert_equal 1, car.reload.wheels_count
+    assert_equal 1, car.lock_version
+    assert_operator previously_updated_at, :<, car.updated_at
+    assert_operator previously_wheels_owned_at, :<, car.wheels_owned_at
+
+    previously_updated_at = car.updated_at
+    previously_wheels_owned_at = car.wheels_owned_at
+    travel(2.second) do
+      car.wheels.first.update(size: 42)
+    end
+
+    assert_equal 1, car.reload.wheels_count
+    assert_equal 2, car.lock_version
+    assert_operator previously_updated_at, :<, car.updated_at
+    assert_operator previously_wheels_owned_at, :<, car.wheels_owned_at
+
+    previously_updated_at = car.updated_at
+    previously_wheels_owned_at = car.wheels_owned_at
+    travel(3.second) do
+      car.wheels.first.destroy!
+    end
+
+    assert_equal 0, car.reload.wheels_count
+    assert_equal 3, car.lock_version
+    assert_operator previously_updated_at, :<, car.updated_at
+    assert_operator previously_wheels_owned_at, :<, car.wheels_owned_at
+
+    car.wheels << Wheel.create!
+    assert_equal 1, car.wheels_count
+    assert_equal 4, car.lock_version
+    assert_not car.lock_version_changed?
+    assert_nothing_raised { car.update(name: "herbie") }
+  end
+
+  def test_polymorphic_destroy_with_dependencies_and_lock_version
+    car = Car.create!
+
+    assert_difference "car.wheels.count"  do
+      car.wheels.create
+    end
+    assert_difference "car.wheels.count", -1  do
+      car.reload.destroy
+    end
+    assert_predicate car, :destroyed?
+  end
+
+  def test_removing_has_and_belongs_to_many_associations_upon_destroy
+    p = RichPerson.create! first_name: "Jon"
+    p.treasures.create!
+    assert_not_empty p.treasures
+    p.destroy
+    assert_empty p.treasures
+    assert_empty RichPerson.connection.select_all("SELECT * FROM peoples_treasures WHERE rich_person_id = 1")
+  end
+
+  def test_yaml_dumping_with_lock_column
+    t1 = LockWithoutDefault.new
+    payload = YAML.dump(t1)
+    t2 = YAML.respond_to?(:unsafe_load) ? YAML.unsafe_load(payload) : YAML.load(payload)
+
+    assert_equal t1.attributes, t2.attributes
+  end
+end
+
+class OptimisticLockingWithSchemaChangeTest < ActiveRecord::TestCase
+  fixtures :people, :legacy_things, :references
+
+  # need to disable transactional tests, because otherwise the sqlite3
+  # adapter (at least) chokes when we try and change the schema in the middle
+  # of a test (see test_increment_counter_*).
+  self.use_transactional_tests = false
+
+  { lock_version: Person, custom_lock_version: LegacyThing }.each do |name, model|
+    define_method("test_increment_counter_updates_#{name}") do
+      counter_test model, 1 do |id|
+        model.increment_counter :test_count, id
+      end
+    end
+
+    define_method("test_decrement_counter_updates_#{name}") do
+      counter_test model, -1 do |id|
+        model.decrement_counter :test_count, id
+      end
+    end
+
+    define_method("test_update_counters_updates_#{name}") do
+      counter_test model, 1 do |id|
+        model.update_counters id, test_count: 1
+      end
+    end
+  end
+
+  # See Lighthouse ticket #1966
+  def test_destroy_dependents
+    # Establish dependent relationship between Person and PersonalLegacyThing
+    add_counter_column_to(Person, "personal_legacy_things_count")
+    PersonalLegacyThing.reset_column_information
+
+    # Make sure that counter incrementing doesn't cause problems
+    p1 = Person.new(first_name: "fjord")
+    p1.save!
+    t = PersonalLegacyThing.new(person: p1)
+    t.save!
+    p1.reload
+    assert_equal 1, p1.personal_legacy_things_count
+    assert p1.destroy
+    assert_equal true, p1.frozen?
+    assert_raises(ActiveRecord::RecordNotFound) { Person.find(p1.id) }
+    assert_raises(ActiveRecord::RecordNotFound) { PersonalLegacyThing.find(t.id) }
+  ensure
+    remove_counter_column_from(Person, "personal_legacy_things_count")
+    PersonalLegacyThing.reset_column_information
+  end
+
+  def test_destroy_existing_object_with_locking_column_value_null_in_the_database
+    ActiveRecord::Base.connection.execute("INSERT INTO lock_without_defaults(title) VALUES('title1')")
+    t1 = LockWithoutDefault.last
+
+    assert_equal 0, t1.lock_version
+    assert_nil t1.lock_version_before_type_cast
+
+    t1.destroy
+
+    assert_predicate t1, :destroyed?
+  end
+
+  def test_destroy_stale_object
+    t1 = LockWithoutDefault.create!(title: "title1")
+    stale_object = LockWithoutDefault.find(t1.id)
+
+    t1.update!(title: "title2")
+
+    assert_raises(ActiveRecord::StaleObjectError) do
+      stale_object.destroy!
+    end
+
+    assert_not_predicate stale_object, :destroyed?
+  end
+
+  private
+    def add_counter_column_to(model, col = "test_count")
+      model.connection.add_column model.table_name, col, :integer, null: false, default: 0
+      model.reset_column_information
+    end
+
+    def remove_counter_column_from(model, col = :test_count)
+      model.connection.remove_column model.table_name, col
+      model.reset_column_information
+    end
+
+    def counter_test(model, expected_count)
+      add_counter_column_to(model)
+      object = model.first
+      assert_equal 0, object.test_count
+      assert_equal 0, object.public_send(model.locking_column)
+      yield object.id
+      object.reload
+      assert_equal expected_count, object.test_count
+      assert_equal 1, object.public_send(model.locking_column)
+    ensure
+      remove_counter_column_from(model)
+    end
+end
+
+# TODO: test against the generated SQL since testing locking behavior itself
+# is so cumbersome. Will deadlock Ruby threads if the underlying db.execute
+# blocks, so separate script called by Kernel#system is needed.
+# (See exec vs. async_exec in the PostgreSQL adapter.)
+unless in_memory_db?
+  class PessimisticLockingTest < ActiveRecord::TestCase
+    self.use_transactional_tests = false
+    fixtures :people, :readers
+
+    def setup
+      Person.connection_pool.clear_reloadable_connections!
+      # Avoid introspection queries during tests.
+      Person.columns; Reader.columns
+    end
+
+    # Test typical find.
+    def test_sane_find_with_lock
+      assert_nothing_raised do
+        Person.transaction do
+          Person.lock.find(1)
+        end
+      end
+    end
+
+    # PostgreSQL protests SELECT ... FOR UPDATE on an outer join.
+    unless current_adapter?(:PostgreSQLAdapter)
+      # Test locked eager find.
+      def test_eager_find_with_lock
+        assert_nothing_raised do
+          Person.transaction do
+            Person.includes(:readers).lock.find(1)
+          end
+        end
+      end
+    end
+
+    def test_lock_does_not_raise_when_the_object_is_not_dirty
+      person = Person.find 1
+      assert_nothing_raised do
+        person.lock!
+      end
+    end
+
+    def test_lock_raises_when_the_record_is_dirty
+      person = Person.find 1
+      person.first_name = "fooman"
+      assert_raises(RuntimeError) do
+        person.lock!
+      end
+    end
+
+    def test_locking_in_after_save_callback
+      assert_nothing_raised do
+        frog = ::Frog.create(name: "Old Frog")
+        frog.name = "New Frog"
+        assert_not_deprecated do
+          frog.save!
+        end
+      end
+    end
+
+    def test_with_lock_commits_transaction
+      puts "Inside test_with_lock_commits_transaction"
+      person = Person.find 1
+      person.with_lock do
+        person.first_name = "fooman"
+        person.save!
+      end
+      assert_equal "fooman", person.reload.first_name
+    end
+
+    def test_with_lock_rolls_back_transaction
+      person = Person.find 1
+      old = person.first_name
+      person.with_lock do
+        person.first_name = "fooman"
+        person.save!
+        raise "oops"
+      end rescue nil
+      assert_equal old, person.reload.first_name
+    end
+
+    if current_adapter?(:PostgreSQLAdapter)
+      def test_lock_sending_custom_lock_statement
+        Person.transaction do
+          person = Person.find(1)
+          assert_sql(/LIMIT \$?\d FOR SHARE NOWAIT/) do
+            person.lock!("FOR SHARE NOWAIT")
+          end
+        end
+      end
+    end
+
+    def test_no_locks_no_wait
+      first, second = duel { Person.find 1 }
+      assert first.end > second.end
+    end
+
+    private
+      def duel(zzz = 5)
+        t0, t1, t2, t3 = nil, nil, nil, nil
+
+        a = Thread.new do
+          t0 = Time.now
+          Person.transaction do
+            yield
+            sleep zzz       # block thread 2 for zzz seconds
+          end
+          t1 = Time.now
+        end
+
+        b = Thread.new do
+          sleep zzz / 2.0   # ensure thread 1 tx starts first
+          t2 = Time.now
+          Person.transaction { yield }
+          t3 = Time.now
+        end
+
+        a.join
+        b.join
+
+        assert t1 > t0 + zzz
+        assert t2 > t0
+        assert t3 > t2
+        [t0.to_f..t1.to_f, t2.to_f..t3.to_f]
+      end
+  end
+end