ibm_db 5.6.1-arm64-darwin-24

data/test/cases/associations/belongs_to_associations_test.rb

@@ -0,0 +1,1493 @@
+# frozen_string_literal: true
+
+require "cases/helper"
+require "models/developer"
+require "models/project"
+require "models/company"
+require "models/topic"
+require "models/reply"
+require "models/computer"
+require "models/post"
+require "models/author"
+require "models/tag"
+require "models/tagging"
+require "models/comment"
+require "models/sponsor"
+require "models/member"
+require "models/essay"
+require "models/toy"
+require "models/invoice"
+require "models/line_item"
+require "models/column"
+require "models/record"
+require "models/admin"
+require "models/admin/user"
+require "models/ship"
+require "models/treasure"
+require "models/parrot"
+require "models/book"
+require "models/citation"
+
+class BelongsToAssociationsTest < ActiveRecord::TestCase
+  fixtures :accounts, :companies, :developers, :projects, :topics,
+           :developers_projects, :computers, :authors, :author_addresses,
+           :essays, :posts, :tags, :taggings, :comments, :sponsors, :members
+
+  def test_belongs_to
+    client = Client.find(3)
+    first_firm = companies(:first_firm)
+    assert_sql(/LIMIT|ROWNUM <=|FETCH FIRST/) do
+      assert_equal first_firm, client.firm
+      assert_equal first_firm.name, client.firm.name
+    end
+  end
+
+  def test_where_with_custom_primary_key
+    assert_equal [authors(:david)], Author.where(owned_essay: essays(:david_modest_proposal))
+  end
+
+  def test_find_by_with_custom_primary_key
+    assert_equal authors(:david), Author.find_by(owned_essay: essays(:david_modest_proposal))
+  end
+
+  def test_where_on_polymorphic_association_with_nil
+    assert_equal comments(:greetings), Comment.where(author: nil).first
+    assert_equal comments(:greetings), Comment.where(author: [nil]).first
+  end
+
+  def test_where_on_polymorphic_association_with_empty_array
+    assert_empty Comment.where(author: [])
+  end
+
+  def test_assigning_belongs_to_on_destroyed_object
+    client = Client.create!(name: "Client")
+    client.destroy!
+    assert_raise(FrozenError) { client.firm = nil }
+    assert_raise(FrozenError) { client.firm = Firm.new(name: "Firm") }
+  end
+
+  def test_eager_loading_wont_mutate_owner_record
+    client = Client.eager_load(:firm_with_basic_id).first
+    assert_not_predicate client, :firm_id_came_from_user?
+
+    client = Client.preload(:firm_with_basic_id).first
+    assert_not_predicate client, :firm_id_came_from_user?
+  end
+
+  def test_missing_attribute_error_is_raised_when_no_foreign_key_attribute
+    assert_raises(ActiveModel::MissingAttributeError) { Client.select(:id).first.firm }
+  end
+
+  def test_belongs_to_does_not_use_order_by
+    sql_log = capture_sql { Client.find(3).firm }
+    assert sql_log.all? { |sql| !/order by/i.match?(sql) }, "ORDER BY was used in the query: #{sql_log}"
+  end
+
+  def test_belongs_to_with_primary_key
+    client = Client.create(name: "Primary key client", firm_name: companies(:first_firm).name)
+    assert_equal companies(:first_firm).name, client.firm_with_primary_key.name
+  end
+
+  def test_belongs_to_with_primary_key_joins_on_correct_column
+    sql = Client.joins(:firm_with_primary_key).to_sql
+    if current_adapter?(:Mysql2Adapter)
+      assert_no_match(/`firm_with_primary_keys_companies`\.`id`/, sql)
+      assert_match(/`firm_with_primary_keys_companies`\.`name`/, sql)
+    elsif current_adapter?(:OracleAdapter)
+      # on Oracle aliases are truncated to 30 characters and are quoted in uppercase
+      assert_no_match(/"firm_with_primary_keys_compani"\."id"/i, sql)
+      assert_match(/"firm_with_primary_keys_compani"\."name"/i, sql)
+    else
+      assert_no_match(/firm_with_primary_keys_companies\.id/, sql)
+      assert_match(/firm_with_primary_keys_companies\.name/, sql)
+    end
+  end
+
+  def test_optional_relation_can_be_set_per_model
+    model1 = Class.new(ActiveRecord::Base) do
+      self.table_name = "accounts"
+      self.belongs_to_required_by_default = false
+
+      belongs_to :company
+
+      def self.name
+        "FirstModel"
+      end
+    end.new
+
+    model2 = Class.new(ActiveRecord::Base) do
+      self.table_name = "accounts"
+      self.belongs_to_required_by_default = true
+
+      belongs_to :company
+
+      def self.name
+        "SecondModel"
+      end
+    end.new
+
+    assert_predicate model1, :valid?
+    assert_not_predicate model2, :valid?
+  end
+
+  def test_optional_relation
+    original_value = ActiveRecord::Base.belongs_to_required_by_default
+    ActiveRecord::Base.belongs_to_required_by_default = true
+
+    model = Class.new(ActiveRecord::Base) do
+      self.table_name = "accounts"
+      def self.name; "Temp"; end
+      belongs_to :company, optional: true
+    end
+
+    account = model.new
+    assert_predicate account, :valid?
+  ensure
+    ActiveRecord::Base.belongs_to_required_by_default = original_value
+  end
+
+  def test_not_optional_relation
+    original_value = ActiveRecord::Base.belongs_to_required_by_default
+    ActiveRecord::Base.belongs_to_required_by_default = true
+
+    model = Class.new(ActiveRecord::Base) do
+      self.table_name = "accounts"
+      def self.name; "Temp"; end
+      belongs_to :company, optional: false
+    end
+
+    account = model.new
+    assert_not_predicate account, :valid?
+    assert_equal [{ error: :blank }], account.errors.details[:company]
+  ensure
+    ActiveRecord::Base.belongs_to_required_by_default = original_value
+  end
+
+  def test_required_belongs_to_config
+    original_value = ActiveRecord::Base.belongs_to_required_by_default
+    ActiveRecord::Base.belongs_to_required_by_default = true
+
+    model = Class.new(ActiveRecord::Base) do
+      self.table_name = "accounts"
+      def self.name; "Temp"; end
+      belongs_to :company
+    end
+
+    account = model.new
+    assert_not_predicate account, :valid?
+    assert_equal [{ error: :blank }], account.errors.details[:company]
+  ensure
+    ActiveRecord::Base.belongs_to_required_by_default = original_value
+  end
+
+  def test_default
+    david = developers(:david)
+    jamis = developers(:jamis)
+
+    model = Class.new(ActiveRecord::Base) do
+      self.table_name = "ships"
+      def self.name; "Temp"; end
+      belongs_to :developer, default: -> { david }
+    end
+
+    ship = model.create!
+    assert_equal david, ship.developer
+
+    ship = model.create!(developer: jamis)
+    assert_equal jamis, ship.developer
+
+    ship.update!(developer: nil)
+    assert_equal david, ship.developer
+  end
+
+  def test_default_with_lambda
+    model = Class.new(ActiveRecord::Base) do
+      self.table_name = "ships"
+      def self.name; "Temp"; end
+      belongs_to :developer, default: -> { default_developer }
+
+      def default_developer
+        Developer.first
+      end
+    end
+
+    ship = model.create!
+    assert_equal developers(:david), ship.developer
+
+    ship = model.create!(developer: developers(:jamis))
+    assert_equal developers(:jamis), ship.developer
+  end
+
+  def test_default_scope_on_relations_is_not_cached
+    counter = 0
+
+    comments = Class.new(ActiveRecord::Base) {
+      self.table_name = "comments"
+      self.inheritance_column = "not_there"
+
+      posts = Class.new(ActiveRecord::Base) {
+        self.table_name = "posts"
+        self.inheritance_column = "not_there"
+
+        default_scope -> {
+          counter += 1
+          where("id = :inc", inc: counter)
+        }
+
+        has_many :comments, anonymous_class: comments
+      }
+      belongs_to :post, anonymous_class: posts, inverse_of: false
+    }
+
+    assert_equal 0, counter
+    comment = comments.first
+    assert_equal 0, counter
+    sql = capture_sql { comment.post }
+    comment.reload
+    assert_not_equal sql, capture_sql { comment.post }
+  end
+
+  def test_proxy_assignment
+    account = Account.find(1)
+    assert_nothing_raised { account.firm = account.firm }
+  end
+
+  def test_type_mismatch
+    assert_raise(ActiveRecord::AssociationTypeMismatch) { Account.find(1).firm = 1 }
+    assert_raise(ActiveRecord::AssociationTypeMismatch) { Account.find(1).firm = Project.find(1) }
+  end
+
+  def test_raises_type_mismatch_with_namespaced_class
+    assert_nil defined?(Region), "This test requires that there is no top-level Region class"
+
+    ActiveRecord::Base.connection.instance_eval do
+      create_table(:admin_regions, force: true) { |t| t.string :name }
+      add_column :admin_users, :region_id, :integer
+    end
+    Admin.const_set "RegionalUser", Class.new(Admin::User) { belongs_to(:region) }
+    Admin.const_set "Region", Class.new(ActiveRecord::Base)
+
+    e = assert_raise(ActiveRecord::AssociationTypeMismatch) {
+      Admin::RegionalUser.new(region: "wrong value")
+    }
+    assert_match(/^Region\([^)]+\) expected, got "wrong value" which is an instance of String\([^)]+\)$/, e.message)
+  ensure
+    Admin.send :remove_const, "Region" if Admin.const_defined?("Region")
+    Admin.send :remove_const, "RegionalUser" if Admin.const_defined?("RegionalUser")
+
+    ActiveRecord::Base.connection.instance_eval do
+      remove_column :admin_users, :region_id if column_exists?(:admin_users, :region_id)
+      drop_table :admin_regions, if_exists: true
+    end
+
+    Admin::User.reset_column_information
+  end
+
+  def test_natural_assignment
+    apple = Firm.create("name" => "Apple")
+    citibank = Account.create("credit_limit" => 10)
+    citibank.firm = apple
+    assert_equal apple.id, citibank.firm_id
+  end
+
+  def test_id_assignment
+    apple = Firm.create("name" => "Apple")
+    citibank = Account.create("credit_limit" => 10)
+    citibank.firm_id = apple
+    assert_nil citibank.firm_id
+  end
+
+  def test_natural_assignment_with_primary_key
+    apple = Firm.create("name" => "Apple")
+    citibank = Client.create("name" => "Primary key client")
+    citibank.firm_with_primary_key = apple
+    assert_equal apple.name, citibank.firm_name
+  end
+
+  def test_eager_loading_with_primary_key
+    Firm.create("name" => "Apple")
+    Client.create("name" => "Citibank", :firm_name => "Apple")
+    citibank_result = Client.all.merge!(where: { name: "Citibank" }, includes: :firm_with_primary_key).first
+    assert_predicate citibank_result.association(:firm_with_primary_key), :loaded?
+  end
+
+  def test_eager_loading_with_primary_key_as_symbol
+    Firm.create("name" => "Apple")
+    Client.create("name" => "Citibank", :firm_name => "Apple")
+    citibank_result = Client.all.merge!(where: { name: "Citibank" }, includes: :firm_with_primary_key_symbols).first
+    assert_predicate citibank_result.association(:firm_with_primary_key_symbols), :loaded?
+  end
+
+  def test_creating_the_belonging_object
+    citibank = Account.create("credit_limit" => 10)
+    apple    = citibank.create_firm("name" => "Apple")
+    assert_equal apple, citibank.firm
+    citibank.save
+    citibank.reload
+    assert_equal apple, citibank.firm
+  end
+
+  def test_creating_the_belonging_object_from_new_record
+    citibank = Account.new("credit_limit" => 10)
+    apple    = citibank.create_firm("name" => "Apple")
+    assert_equal apple, citibank.firm
+    citibank.save
+    citibank.reload
+    assert_equal apple, citibank.firm
+  end
+
+  def test_creating_the_belonging_object_with_primary_key
+    client = Client.create(name: "Primary key client")
+    apple  = client.create_firm_with_primary_key("name" => "Apple")
+    assert_equal apple, client.firm_with_primary_key
+    client.save
+    client.reload
+    assert_equal apple, client.firm_with_primary_key
+  end
+
+  def test_building_the_belonging_object
+    citibank = Account.create("credit_limit" => 10)
+    apple    = citibank.build_firm("name" => "Apple")
+    citibank.save
+    assert_equal apple.id, citibank.firm_id
+  end
+
+  def test_building_the_belonging_object_with_implicit_sti_base_class
+    account = Account.new
+    company = account.build_firm
+    assert_kind_of Company, company, "Expected #{company.class} to be a Company"
+  end
+
+  def test_building_the_belonging_object_with_explicit_sti_base_class
+    account = Account.new
+    company = account.build_firm(type: "Company")
+    assert_kind_of Company, company, "Expected #{company.class} to be a Company"
+  end
+
+  def test_building_the_belonging_object_with_sti_subclass
+    account = Account.new
+    company = account.build_firm(type: "Firm")
+    assert_kind_of Firm, company, "Expected #{company.class} to be a Firm"
+  end
+
+  def test_building_the_belonging_object_with_an_invalid_type
+    account = Account.new
+    assert_raise(ActiveRecord::SubclassNotFound) { account.build_firm(type: "InvalidType") }
+  end
+
+  def test_building_the_belonging_object_with_an_unrelated_type
+    account = Account.new
+    assert_raise(ActiveRecord::SubclassNotFound) { account.build_firm(type: "Account") }
+  end
+
+  def test_building_the_belonging_object_with_primary_key
+    client = Client.create(name: "Primary key client")
+    apple  = client.build_firm_with_primary_key("name" => "Apple")
+    client.save
+    assert_equal apple.name, client.firm_name
+  end
+
+  def test_create!
+    client  = Client.create!(name: "Jimmy")
+    account = client.create_account!(credit_limit: 10)
+    assert_equal account, client.account
+    assert_predicate account, :persisted?
+    client.save
+    client.reload
+    assert_equal account, client.account
+  end
+
+  def test_failing_create!
+    client = Client.create!(name: "Jimmy")
+    assert_raise(ActiveRecord::RecordInvalid) { client.create_account! }
+    assert_not_nil client.account
+    assert_predicate client.account, :new_record?
+  end
+
+  def test_reloading_the_belonging_object
+    odegy_account = accounts(:odegy_account)
+
+    assert_equal "Odegy", odegy_account.firm.name
+    Company.where(id: odegy_account.firm_id).update_all(name: "ODEGY")
+    assert_equal "Odegy", odegy_account.firm.name
+
+    assert_equal "ODEGY", odegy_account.reload_firm.name
+  end
+
+  def test_reload_the_belonging_object_with_query_cache
+    odegy_account_id = accounts(:odegy_account).id
+
+    connection = ActiveRecord::Base.connection
+    connection.enable_query_cache!
+    connection.clear_query_cache
+
+    # Populate the cache with a query
+    odegy_account = Account.find(odegy_account_id)
+
+    # Populate the cache with a second query
+    odegy_account.firm
+
+    assert_equal 2, connection.query_cache.size
+
+    # Clear the cache and fetch the firm again, populating the cache with a query
+    assert_queries(1) { odegy_account.reload_firm }
+
+    # This query is not cached anymore, so it should make a real SQL query
+    assert_queries(1) { Account.find(odegy_account_id) }
+  ensure
+    ActiveRecord::Base.connection.disable_query_cache!
+  end
+
+  def test_natural_assignment_to_nil
+    client = Client.find(3)
+    client.firm = nil
+    client.save
+    client.association(:firm).reload
+    assert_nil client.firm
+    assert_nil client.client_of
+  end
+
+  def test_natural_assignment_to_nil_with_primary_key
+    client = Client.create(name: "Primary key client", firm_name: companies(:first_firm).name)
+    client.firm_with_primary_key = nil
+    client.save
+    client.association(:firm_with_primary_key).reload
+    assert_nil client.firm_with_primary_key
+    assert_nil client.client_of
+  end
+
+  def test_with_different_class_name
+    assert_equal Company.find(1).name, Company.find(3).firm_with_other_name.name
+    assert_not_nil Company.find(3).firm_with_other_name, "Microsoft should have a firm"
+  end
+
+  def test_with_condition
+    assert_equal Company.find(1).name, Company.find(3).firm_with_condition.name
+    assert_not_nil Company.find(3).firm_with_condition, "Microsoft should have a firm"
+  end
+
+  def test_polymorphic_association_class
+    sponsor = Sponsor.new
+    assert_nil sponsor.association(:sponsorable).klass
+    sponsor.association(:sponsorable).reload
+    assert_nil sponsor.sponsorable
+
+    sponsor.sponsorable_type = "" # the column doesn't have to be declared NOT NULL
+    assert_nil sponsor.association(:sponsorable).klass
+    sponsor.association(:sponsorable).reload
+    assert_nil sponsor.sponsorable
+
+    sponsor.sponsorable = Member.new name: "Bert"
+    assert_equal Member, sponsor.association(:sponsorable).klass
+  end
+
+  def test_with_polymorphic_and_condition
+    sponsor = Sponsor.create
+    member = Member.create name: "Bert"
+
+    sponsor.sponsorable = member
+    sponsor.save!
+
+    assert_equal member, sponsor.sponsorable
+    assert_nil sponsor.sponsorable_with_conditions
+
+    sponsor = Sponsor.preload(:sponsorable, :sponsorable_with_conditions).last
+
+    assert_equal member, sponsor.sponsorable
+    assert_nil sponsor.sponsorable_with_conditions
+  end
+
+  def test_with_select
+    assert_equal 1, Post.find(2).author_with_select.attributes.size
+    assert_equal 1, Post.includes(:author_with_select).find(2).author_with_select.attributes.size
+  end
+
+  def test_custom_attribute_with_select
+    assert_equal 2, Company.find(2).firm_with_select.attributes.size
+    assert_equal 2, Company.includes(:firm_with_select).find(2).firm_with_select.attributes.size
+  end
+
+  def test_belongs_to_without_counter_cache_option
+    # Ship has a conventionally named `treasures_count` column, but the counter_cache
+    # option is not given on the association.
+    ship = Ship.create(name: "Countless")
+
+    assert_no_difference lambda { ship.reload.treasures_count }, "treasures_count should not be changed unless counter_cache is given on the relation" do
+      treasure = Treasure.new(name: "Gold", ship: ship)
+      treasure.save
+    end
+
+    assert_no_difference lambda { ship.reload.treasures_count }, "treasures_count should not be changed unless counter_cache is given on the relation" do
+      treasure = ship.treasures.first
+      treasure.destroy
+    end
+  end
+
+  def test_belongs_to_counter
+    debate = Topic.create("title" => "debate")
+    assert_equal 0, debate.read_attribute("replies_count"), "No replies yet"
+
+    trash = debate.replies.create("title" => "blah!", "content" => "world around!")
+    assert_equal 1, Topic.find(debate.id).read_attribute("replies_count"), "First reply created"
+
+    trash.destroy
+    assert_equal 0, Topic.find(debate.id).read_attribute("replies_count"), "First reply deleted"
+  end
+
+  def test_belongs_to_counter_with_assigning_nil
+    topic = Topic.create!(title: "debate")
+    reply = Reply.create!(title: "blah!", content: "world around!", topic: topic)
+
+    assert_equal topic.id, reply.parent_id
+    assert_equal 1, topic.reload.replies.size
+
+    reply.topic = nil
+    reply.reload
+
+    assert_equal topic.id, reply.parent_id
+    assert_equal 1, topic.reload.replies.size
+
+    reply.topic = nil
+    reply.save!
+
+    assert_equal 0, topic.reload.replies.size
+  end
+
+  def test_belongs_to_counter_with_assigning_new_object
+    topic = Topic.create!(title: "debate")
+    reply = Reply.create!(title: "blah!", content: "world around!", topic: topic)
+
+    assert_equal topic.id, reply.parent_id
+    assert_equal 1, topic.reload.replies_count
+
+    topic2 = reply.build_topic(title: "debate2")
+    reply.save!
+
+    assert_not_equal topic.id, reply.parent_id
+    assert_equal topic2.id, reply.parent_id
+
+    assert_equal 0, topic.reload.replies_count
+    assert_equal 1, topic2.reload.replies_count
+  end
+
+  def test_belongs_to_with_primary_key_counter
+    debate  = Topic.create("title" => "debate")
+    debate2 = Topic.create("title" => "debate2")
+    reply   = Reply.create("title" => "blah!", "content" => "world around!", "parent_title" => "debate2")
+
+    assert_equal 0, debate.reload.replies_count
+    assert_equal 1, debate2.reload.replies_count
+
+    reply.parent_title = "debate"
+    reply.save!
+
+    assert_equal 1, debate.reload.replies_count
+    assert_equal 0, debate2.reload.replies_count
+
+    assert_no_queries do
+      reply.topic_with_primary_key = debate
+    end
+
+    assert_equal 1, debate.reload.replies_count
+    assert_equal 0, debate2.reload.replies_count
+
+    reply.topic_with_primary_key = debate2
+    reply.save!
+
+    assert_equal 0, debate.reload.replies_count
+    assert_equal 1, debate2.reload.replies_count
+
+    reply.topic_with_primary_key = nil
+    reply.save!
+
+    assert_equal 0, debate.reload.replies_count
+    assert_equal 0, debate2.reload.replies_count
+  end
+
+  def test_belongs_to_counter_with_reassigning
+    topic1 = Topic.create("title" => "t1")
+    topic2 = Topic.create("title" => "t2")
+    reply1 = Reply.new("title" => "r1", "content" => "r1")
+    reply1.topic = topic1
+
+    assert reply1.save
+    assert_equal 1, Topic.find(topic1.id).replies.size
+    assert_equal 0, Topic.find(topic2.id).replies.size
+
+    reply1.topic = Topic.find(topic2.id)
+
+    assert_no_queries do
+      reply1.topic = topic2
+    end
+
+    assert reply1.save
+    assert_equal 0, Topic.find(topic1.id).replies.size
+    assert_equal 1, Topic.find(topic2.id).replies.size
+
+    reply1.topic = nil
+    reply1.save!
+
+    assert_equal 0, Topic.find(topic1.id).replies.size
+    assert_equal 0, Topic.find(topic2.id).replies.size
+
+    reply1.topic = topic1
+    reply1.save!
+
+    assert_equal 1, Topic.find(topic1.id).replies.size
+    assert_equal 0, Topic.find(topic2.id).replies.size
+
+    reply1.destroy
+
+    assert_equal 0, Topic.find(topic1.id).replies.size
+    assert_equal 0, Topic.find(topic2.id).replies.size
+  end
+
+  def test_belongs_to_reassign_with_namespaced_models_and_counters
+    topic1 = Web::Topic.create("title" => "t1")
+    topic2 = Web::Topic.create("title" => "t2")
+    reply1 = Web::Reply.new("title" => "r1", "content" => "r1")
+    reply1.topic = topic1
+
+    assert reply1.save
+    assert_equal 1, Web::Topic.find(topic1.id).replies.size
+    assert_equal 0, Web::Topic.find(topic2.id).replies.size
+
+    reply1.topic = Web::Topic.find(topic2.id)
+
+    assert reply1.save
+    assert_equal 0, Web::Topic.find(topic1.id).replies.size
+    assert_equal 1, Web::Topic.find(topic2.id).replies.size
+  end
+
+  def test_belongs_to_counter_after_save
+    topic = Topic.create!(title: "monday night")
+
+    assert_queries(2) do
+      topic.replies.create!(title: "re: monday night", content: "football")
+    end
+
+    assert_equal 1, Topic.find(topic.id)[:replies_count]
+
+    topic.save!
+    assert_equal 1, Topic.find(topic.id)[:replies_count]
+  end
+
+  def test_belongs_to_counter_after_touch
+    topic = Topic.create!(title: "topic")
+
+    assert_equal 0, topic.replies_count
+    assert_equal 0, topic.after_touch_called
+
+    reply = Reply.create!(title: "blah!", content: "world around!", topic_with_primary_key: topic)
+
+    assert_equal 1, topic.replies_count
+    assert_equal 1, topic.after_touch_called
+
+    reply.destroy!
+
+    assert_equal 0, topic.replies_count
+    assert_equal 2, topic.after_touch_called
+  end
+
+  def test_belongs_to_touch_with_reassigning
+    debate  = Topic.create!(title: "debate")
+    debate2 = Topic.create!(title: "debate2")
+    reply   = Reply.create!(title: "blah!", content: "world around!", parent_title: "debate2")
+
+    time = 1.day.ago
+
+    debate.touch(time: time)
+    debate2.touch(time: time)
+
+    assert_queries(3) do
+      reply.parent_title = "debate"
+      reply.save!
+    end
+
+    assert_operator debate.reload.updated_at, :>, time
+    assert_operator debate2.reload.updated_at, :>, time
+
+    debate.touch(time: time)
+    debate2.touch(time: time)
+
+    assert_queries(3) do
+      reply.topic_with_primary_key = debate2
+      reply.save!
+    end
+
+    assert_operator debate.reload.updated_at, :>, time
+    assert_operator debate2.reload.updated_at, :>, time
+  end
+
+  def test_belongs_to_with_touch_option_on_touch
+    line_item = LineItem.create!
+    Invoice.create!(line_items: [line_item])
+
+    assert_queries(1) { line_item.touch }
+  end
+
+  def test_belongs_to_with_touch_on_multiple_records
+    line_item = LineItem.create!(amount: 1)
+    line_item2 = LineItem.create!(amount: 2)
+    Invoice.create!(line_items: [line_item, line_item2])
+
+    assert_queries(1) do
+      LineItem.transaction do
+        line_item.touch
+        line_item2.touch
+      end
+    end
+
+    assert_queries(2) do
+      line_item.touch
+      line_item2.touch
+    end
+  end
+
+  def test_belongs_to_with_touch_option_on_touch_without_updated_at_attributes
+    assert_not LineItem.column_names.include?("updated_at")
+
+    line_item = LineItem.create!
+    invoice = Invoice.create!(line_items: [line_item])
+    initial = invoice.updated_at
+    travel(1.second) do
+      line_item.touch
+    end
+
+    assert_not_equal initial, invoice.reload.updated_at
+  end
+
+  def test_belongs_to_with_touch_option_on_touch_and_removed_parent
+    line_item = LineItem.create!
+    Invoice.create!(line_items: [line_item])
+
+    line_item.invoice = nil
+
+    assert_queries(2) { line_item.touch }
+  end
+
+  def test_belongs_to_with_touch_option_on_update
+    line_item = LineItem.create!
+    Invoice.create!(line_items: [line_item])
+
+    assert_queries(2) { line_item.update amount: 10 }
+  end
+
+  def test_belongs_to_with_touch_option_on_empty_update
+    line_item = LineItem.create!
+    Invoice.create!(line_items: [line_item])
+
+    assert_no_queries { line_item.save }
+  end
+
+  def test_belongs_to_with_touch_option_on_destroy
+    line_item = LineItem.create!
+    Invoice.create!(line_items: [line_item])
+
+    assert_queries(2) { line_item.destroy }
+  end
+
+  def test_belongs_to_with_touch_option_on_destroy_with_destroyed_parent
+    line_item = LineItem.create!
+    invoice   = Invoice.create!(line_items: [line_item])
+    invoice.destroy
+
+    assert_queries(1) { line_item.destroy }
+  end
+
+  def test_belongs_to_with_touch_option_on_touch_and_reassigned_parent
+    line_item = LineItem.create!
+    Invoice.create!(line_items: [line_item])
+
+    line_item.invoice = Invoice.create!
+
+    assert_queries(3) { line_item.touch }
+  end
+
+  def test_belongs_to_counter_after_update
+    topic = Topic.create!(title: "37s")
+    topic.replies.create!(title: "re: 37s", content: "rails")
+    assert_equal 1, Topic.find(topic.id)[:replies_count]
+
+    topic.update(title: "37signals")
+    assert_equal 1, Topic.find(topic.id)[:replies_count]
+  end
+
+  def test_belongs_to_counter_when_update_columns
+    topic = Topic.create!(title: "37s")
+    topic.replies.create!(title: "re: 37s", content: "rails")
+    assert_equal 1, Topic.find(topic.id)[:replies_count]
+
+    topic.update_columns(content: "rails is wonderful")
+    assert_equal 1, Topic.find(topic.id)[:replies_count]
+  end
+
+  def test_assignment_before_child_saved
+    final_cut = Client.new("name" => "Final Cut")
+    firm = Firm.find(1)
+    final_cut.firm = firm
+    assert_not_predicate final_cut, :persisted?
+    assert final_cut.save
+    assert_predicate final_cut, :persisted?
+    assert_predicate firm, :persisted?
+    assert_equal firm, final_cut.firm
+    final_cut.association(:firm).reload
+    assert_equal firm, final_cut.firm
+  end
+
+  def test_assignment_before_child_saved_with_primary_key
+    final_cut = Client.new("name" => "Final Cut")
+    firm = Firm.find(1)
+    final_cut.firm_with_primary_key = firm
+    assert_not_predicate final_cut, :persisted?
+    assert final_cut.save
+    assert_predicate final_cut, :persisted?
+    assert_predicate firm, :persisted?
+    assert_equal firm, final_cut.firm_with_primary_key
+    final_cut.association(:firm_with_primary_key).reload
+    assert_equal firm, final_cut.firm_with_primary_key
+  end
+
+  def test_new_record_with_foreign_key_but_no_object
+    client = Client.new("firm_id" => 1)
+    assert_equal Firm.first, client.firm_with_basic_id
+  end
+
+  def test_setting_foreign_key_after_nil_target_loaded
+    client = Client.new
+    client.firm_with_basic_id
+    client.firm_id = 1
+
+    assert_equal companies(:first_firm), client.firm_with_basic_id
+  end
+
+  def test_polymorphic_setting_foreign_key_after_nil_target_loaded
+    sponsor = Sponsor.new
+    sponsor.sponsorable
+    sponsor.sponsorable_id = 1
+    sponsor.sponsorable_type = "Member"
+
+    assert_equal members(:groucho), sponsor.sponsorable
+  end
+
+  def test_dont_find_target_when_foreign_key_is_null
+    tagging = taggings(:thinking_general)
+    assert_no_queries { tagging.super_tag }
+  end
+
+  def test_dont_find_target_when_saving_foreign_key_after_stale_association_loaded
+    client = Client.create!(name: "Test client", firm_with_basic_id: Firm.find(1))
+    client.firm_id = Firm.create!(name: "Test firm").id
+    assert_queries(1) { client.save! }
+  end
+
+  def test_field_name_same_as_foreign_key
+    computer = Computer.find(1)
+    assert_not_nil computer.developer, ":foreign key == attribute didn't lock up" # '
+  end
+
+  def test_counter_cache
+    topic = Topic.create title: "Zoom-zoom-zoom"
+    assert_equal 0, topic[:replies_count]
+
+    reply = Reply.create(title: "re: zoom", content: "speedy quick!")
+    reply.topic = topic
+    reply.save!
+
+    assert_equal 1, topic.reload[:replies_count]
+    assert_equal 1, topic.replies.size
+
+    topic[:replies_count] = 15
+    assert_equal 15, topic.replies.size
+  end
+
+  def test_counter_cache_double_destroy
+    topic = Topic.create title: "Zoom-zoom-zoom"
+
+    5.times do
+      topic.replies.create(title: "re: zoom", content: "speedy quick!")
+    end
+
+    assert_equal 5, topic.reload[:replies_count]
+    assert_equal 5, topic.replies.size
+
+    reply = topic.replies.first
+
+    reply.destroy
+    assert_equal 4, topic.reload[:replies_count]
+
+    reply.destroy
+    assert_equal 4, topic.reload[:replies_count]
+    assert_equal 4, topic.replies.size
+  end
+
+  def test_concurrent_counter_cache_double_destroy
+    topic = Topic.create title: "Zoom-zoom-zoom"
+
+    5.times do
+      topic.replies.create(title: "re: zoom", content: "speedy quick!")
+    end
+
+    assert_equal 5, topic.reload[:replies_count]
+    assert_equal 5, topic.replies.size
+
+    reply = topic.replies.first
+    reply_clone = Reply.find(reply.id)
+
+    reply.destroy
+    assert_equal 4, topic.reload[:replies_count]
+
+    reply_clone.destroy
+    assert_equal 4, topic.reload[:replies_count]
+    assert_equal 4, topic.replies.size
+  end
+
+  def test_custom_counter_cache
+    reply = Reply.create(title: "re: zoom", content: "speedy quick!")
+    assert_equal 0, reply[:replies_count]
+
+    silly = SillyReply.create(title: "gaga", content: "boo-boo")
+    silly.reply = reply
+    silly.save!
+
+    assert_equal 1, reply.reload[:replies_count]
+    assert_equal 1, reply.replies.size
+
+    reply[:replies_count] = 17
+    assert_equal 17, reply.replies.size
+  end
+
+  def test_replace_counter_cache
+    topic = Topic.create(title: "Zoom-zoom-zoom")
+    reply = Reply.create(title: "re: zoom", content: "speedy quick!")
+
+    reply.topic = topic
+    reply.save
+    topic.reload
+
+    assert_equal 1, topic.replies_count
+  end
+
+  def test_association_assignment_sticks
+    post = Post.first
+
+    author1, author2 = Author.all.merge!(limit: 2).to_a
+    assert_not_nil author1
+    assert_not_nil author2
+
+    # make sure the association is loaded
+    post.author
+
+    # set the association by id, directly
+    post.author_id = author2.id
+
+    # save and reload
+    post.save!
+    post.reload
+
+    # the author id of the post should be the id we set
+    assert_equal post.author_id, author2.id
+  end
+
+  def test_cant_save_readonly_association
+    assert_raise(ActiveRecord::ReadOnlyRecord) { companies(:first_client).readonly_firm.save! }
+    assert_predicate companies(:first_client).readonly_firm, :readonly?
+  end
+
+  def test_polymorphic_assignment_foreign_key_type_string
+    comment = Comment.first
+    comment.author   = Author.first
+    comment.resource = Member.first
+    comment.save
+
+    assert_equal Comment.all.to_a,
+      Comment.includes(:author).to_a
+
+    assert_equal Comment.all.to_a,
+      Comment.includes(:resource).to_a
+  end
+
+  def test_polymorphic_assignment_foreign_type_field_updating
+    # should update when assigning a saved record
+    sponsor = Sponsor.new
+    member = Member.create
+    sponsor.sponsorable = member
+    assert_equal "Member", sponsor.sponsorable_type
+
+    # should update when assigning a new record
+    sponsor = Sponsor.new
+    member = Member.new
+    sponsor.sponsorable = member
+    assert_equal "Member", sponsor.sponsorable_type
+  end
+
+  def test_polymorphic_assignment_with_primary_key_foreign_type_field_updating
+    # should update when assigning a saved record
+    essay = Essay.new
+    writer = Author.create(name: "David")
+    essay.writer = writer
+    assert_equal "Author", essay.writer_type
+
+    # should update when assigning a new record
+    essay = Essay.new
+    writer = Author.new
+    essay.writer = writer
+    assert_equal "Author", essay.writer_type
+  end
+
+  def test_polymorphic_assignment_updates_foreign_id_field_for_new_and_saved_records
+    sponsor = Sponsor.new
+    saved_member = Member.create
+    new_member = Member.new
+
+    sponsor.sponsorable = saved_member
+    assert_equal saved_member.id, sponsor.sponsorable_id
+
+    sponsor.sponsorable = new_member
+    assert_nil sponsor.sponsorable_id
+  end
+
+  def test_assignment_updates_foreign_id_field_for_new_and_saved_records
+    client = Client.new
+    saved_firm = Firm.create name: "Saved"
+    new_firm = Firm.new
+
+    client.firm = saved_firm
+    assert_equal saved_firm.id, client.client_of
+
+    client.firm = new_firm
+    assert_nil client.client_of
+  end
+
+  def test_polymorphic_assignment_with_primary_key_updates_foreign_id_field_for_new_and_saved_records
+    essay = Essay.new
+    saved_writer = Author.create(name: "David")
+    new_writer = Author.new
+
+    essay.writer = saved_writer
+    assert_equal saved_writer.name, essay.writer_id
+
+    essay.writer = new_writer
+    assert_nil essay.writer_id
+  end
+
+  def test_polymorphic_assignment_with_nil
+    essay = Essay.new
+    assert_nil essay.writer_id
+    assert_nil essay.writer_type
+
+    essay.writer_id = 1
+    essay.writer_type = "Author"
+
+    essay.writer = nil
+    assert_nil essay.writer_id
+    assert_nil essay.writer_type
+  end
+
+  def test_belongs_to_proxy_should_not_respond_to_private_methods
+    assert_raise(NoMethodError) { companies(:first_firm).private_method }
+    assert_raise(NoMethodError) { companies(:second_client).firm.private_method }
+  end
+
+  def test_belongs_to_proxy_should_respond_to_private_methods_via_send
+    companies(:first_firm).send(:private_method)
+    companies(:second_client).firm.send(:private_method)
+  end
+
+  def test_save_of_record_with_loaded_belongs_to
+    @account = companies(:first_firm).account
+
+    assert_nothing_raised do
+      Account.find(@account.id).save!
+      Account.all.merge!(includes: :firm).find(@account.id).save!
+    end
+
+    @account.firm.delete
+
+    assert_nothing_raised do
+      Account.find(@account.id).save!
+      Account.all.merge!(includes: :firm).find(@account.id).save!
+    end
+  end
+
+  def test_dependent_delete_and_destroy_with_belongs_to
+    AuthorAddress.destroyed_author_address_ids.clear
+
+    author_address = author_addresses(:david_address)
+    author_address_extra = author_addresses(:david_address_extra)
+    assert_equal [], AuthorAddress.destroyed_author_address_ids
+
+    assert_difference "AuthorAddress.count", -2 do
+      authors(:david).destroy
+    end
+
+    assert_equal [], AuthorAddress.where(id: [author_address.id, author_address_extra.id])
+    assert_equal [author_address.id], AuthorAddress.destroyed_author_address_ids
+  end
+
+  def test_belongs_to_invalid_dependent_option_raises_exception
+    error = assert_raise ArgumentError do
+      Class.new(Author).belongs_to :special_author_address, dependent: :nullify
+    end
+    assert_equal error.message, "The :dependent option must be one of [:destroy, :delete, :destroy_async], but is :nullify"
+  end
+
+  class EssayDestroy < ActiveRecord::Base
+    self.table_name = "essays"
+    belongs_to :book, dependent: :destroy, class_name: "DestroyableBook"
+  end
+
+  class DestroyableBook < ActiveRecord::Base
+    self.table_name = "books"
+    belongs_to :author, class_name: "UndestroyableAuthor", dependent: :destroy
+  end
+
+  class UndestroyableAuthor < ActiveRecord::Base
+    self.table_name = "authors"
+    has_one :book, class_name: "DestroyableBook", foreign_key: "author_id"
+    before_destroy :dont
+
+    def dont
+      throw(:abort)
+    end
+  end
+
+  def test_dependency_should_halt_parent_destruction
+    author = UndestroyableAuthor.create!(name: "Test")
+    book = DestroyableBook.create!(author: author)
+
+    assert_no_difference ["UndestroyableAuthor.count", "DestroyableBook.count"] do
+      assert_not book.destroy
+    end
+  end
+
+  def test_dependency_should_halt_parent_destruction_with_cascaded_three_levels
+    author = UndestroyableAuthor.create!(name: "Test")
+    book = DestroyableBook.create!(author: author)
+    essay = EssayDestroy.create!(book: book)
+
+    assert_no_difference ["UndestroyableAuthor.count", "DestroyableBook.count", "EssayDestroy.count"] do
+      assert_not essay.destroy
+      assert_not essay.destroyed?
+    end
+  end
+
+  def test_attributes_are_being_set_when_initialized_from_belongs_to_association_with_where_clause
+    new_firm = accounts(:signals37).build_firm(name: "Apple")
+    assert_equal new_firm.name, "Apple"
+  end
+
+  def test_attributes_are_set_without_error_when_initialized_from_belongs_to_association_with_array_in_where_clause
+    new_account = Account.where(credit_limit: [ 50, 60 ]).new
+    assert_nil new_account.credit_limit
+  end
+
+  def test_reassigning_the_parent_id_updates_the_object
+    client = companies(:second_client)
+
+    client.firm
+    client.firm_with_condition
+    firm_proxy                = client.send(:association_instance_get, :firm)
+    firm_with_condition_proxy = client.send(:association_instance_get, :firm_with_condition)
+
+    assert_not_predicate firm_proxy, :stale_target?
+    assert_not_predicate firm_with_condition_proxy, :stale_target?
+    assert_equal companies(:first_firm), client.firm
+    assert_equal companies(:first_firm), client.firm_with_condition
+
+    client.client_of = companies(:another_firm).id
+
+    assert_predicate firm_proxy, :stale_target?
+    assert_predicate firm_with_condition_proxy, :stale_target?
+    assert_equal companies(:another_firm), client.firm
+    assert_equal companies(:another_firm), client.firm_with_condition
+  end
+
+  def test_destroying_child_with_unloaded_parent_and_foreign_key_and_touch_is_possible_with_has_many_inversing
+    with_has_many_inversing do
+      book     = Book.create!
+      citation = book.citations.create!
+
+      assert_difference "Citation.count", -1 do
+        Citation.find(citation.id).destroy
+      end
+    end
+  end
+
+  def test_polymorphic_reassignment_of_associated_id_updates_the_object
+    sponsor = sponsors(:moustache_club_sponsor_for_groucho)
+
+    sponsor.sponsorable
+    proxy = sponsor.send(:association_instance_get, :sponsorable)
+
+    assert_not_predicate proxy, :stale_target?
+    assert_equal members(:groucho), sponsor.sponsorable
+
+    sponsor.sponsorable_id = members(:some_other_guy).id
+
+    assert_predicate proxy, :stale_target?
+    assert_equal members(:some_other_guy), sponsor.sponsorable
+  end
+
+  def test_polymorphic_reassignment_of_associated_type_updates_the_object
+    sponsor = sponsors(:moustache_club_sponsor_for_groucho)
+
+    sponsor.sponsorable
+    proxy = sponsor.send(:association_instance_get, :sponsorable)
+
+    assert_not_predicate proxy, :stale_target?
+    assert_equal members(:groucho), sponsor.sponsorable
+
+    sponsor.sponsorable_type = "Firm"
+
+    assert_predicate proxy, :stale_target?
+    assert_equal companies(:first_firm), sponsor.sponsorable
+  end
+
+  def test_reloading_association_with_key_change
+    client = companies(:second_client)
+    firm = client.association(:firm)
+
+    client.firm = companies(:another_firm)
+    firm.reload
+    assert_equal companies(:another_firm), firm.target
+
+    client.client_of = companies(:first_firm).id
+    firm.reload
+    assert_equal companies(:first_firm), firm.target
+  end
+
+  def test_polymorphic_counter_cache
+    tagging = taggings(:welcome_general)
+    post    = posts(:welcome)
+    comment = comments(:greetings)
+
+    assert_equal post.id, comment.id
+
+    assert_difference "post.reload.tags_count", -1 do
+      assert_difference "comment.reload.tags_count", +1 do
+        tagging.taggable = comment
+        tagging.save!
+      end
+    end
+
+    assert_difference "comment.reload.tags_count", -1 do
+      assert_difference "post.reload.tags_count", +1 do
+        tagging.taggable_type = post.class.polymorphic_name
+        tagging.taggable_id = post.id
+        tagging.save!
+      end
+    end
+  end
+
+  def test_polymorphic_with_custom_foreign_type
+    sponsor = sponsors(:moustache_club_sponsor_for_groucho)
+    groucho = members(:groucho)
+    other   = members(:some_other_guy)
+
+    assert_equal groucho, sponsor.sponsorable
+    assert_equal groucho, sponsor.thing
+
+    sponsor.thing = other
+
+    assert_equal other, sponsor.sponsorable
+    assert_equal other, sponsor.thing
+
+    sponsor.sponsorable = groucho
+
+    assert_equal groucho, sponsor.sponsorable
+    assert_equal groucho, sponsor.thing
+  end
+
+  def test_build_with_conditions
+    client = companies(:second_client)
+    firm   = client.build_bob_firm
+
+    assert_equal "Bob", firm.name
+  end
+
+  def test_create_with_conditions
+    client = companies(:second_client)
+    firm   = client.create_bob_firm
+
+    assert_equal "Bob", firm.name
+  end
+
+  def test_create_bang_with_conditions
+    client = companies(:second_client)
+    firm   = client.create_bob_firm!
+
+    assert_equal "Bob", firm.name
+  end
+
+  def test_build_with_block
+    client = Client.create(name: "Client Company")
+
+    firm = client.build_firm { |f| f.name = "Agency Company" }
+    assert_equal "Agency Company", firm.name
+  end
+
+  def test_create_with_block
+    client = Client.create(name: "Client Company")
+
+    firm = client.create_firm { |f| f.name = "Agency Company" }
+    assert_equal "Agency Company", firm.name
+  end
+
+  def test_create_bang_with_block
+    client = Client.create(name: "Client Company")
+
+    firm = client.create_firm! { |f| f.name = "Agency Company" }
+    assert_equal "Agency Company", firm.name
+  end
+
+  def test_should_set_foreign_key_on_create_association
+    client = Client.create! name: "fuu"
+
+    firm = client.create_firm name: "baa"
+    assert_equal firm.id, client.client_of
+  end
+
+  def test_should_set_foreign_key_on_create_association!
+    client = Client.create! name: "fuu"
+
+    firm = client.create_firm! name: "baa"
+    assert_equal firm.id, client.client_of
+  end
+
+  def test_self_referential_belongs_to_with_counter_cache_assigning_nil
+    comment = Comment.create! post: posts(:thinking), body: "fuu"
+    comment.parent = nil
+    comment.save!
+
+    assert_nil comment.reload.parent
+    assert_equal 0, comments(:greetings).reload.children_count
+  end
+
+  def test_belongs_to_with_id_assigning
+    post = posts(:welcome)
+    comment = Comment.create! body: "foo", post: post
+    parent = comments(:greetings)
+    assert_equal 0, parent.reload.children_count
+    comment.parent_id = parent.id
+
+    comment.save!
+    assert_equal 1, parent.reload.children_count
+  end
+
+  def test_belongs_to_with_out_of_range_value_assigning
+    model = Class.new(Author) do
+      def self.name; "Temp"; end
+      validates :author_address, presence: true
+    end
+
+    author = model.new
+    author.author_address_id = 9223372036854775808 # out of range in the bigint
+
+    assert_nil author.author_address
+    assert_not_predicate author, :valid?
+    assert_equal [{ error: :blank }], author.errors.details[:author_address]
+  end
+
+  def test_polymorphic_with_custom_primary_key
+    toy = Toy.create!
+    sponsor = Sponsor.create!(sponsorable: toy)
+
+    assert_equal toy, sponsor.reload.sponsorable
+  end
+
+  class SponsorWithTouchInverse < Sponsor
+    belongs_to :sponsorable, polymorphic: true, inverse_of: :sponsors, touch: true
+  end
+
+  def test_destroying_polymorphic_child_with_unloaded_parent_and_touch_is_possible_with_has_many_inversing
+    with_has_many_inversing do
+      toy     = Toy.create!
+      sponsor = toy.sponsors.create!
+
+      assert_difference "Sponsor.count", -1 do
+        SponsorWithTouchInverse.find(sponsor.id).destroy
+      end
+    end
+  end
+
+  def test_polymorphic_with_false
+    assert_nothing_raised do
+      Class.new(ActiveRecord::Base) do
+        def self.name; "Post"; end
+        belongs_to :category, polymorphic: false
+      end
+    end
+  end
+
+  test "stale tracking doesn't care about the type" do
+    apple = Firm.create("name" => "Apple")
+    citibank = Account.create("credit_limit" => 10)
+
+    citibank.firm_id = apple.id
+    citibank.firm # load it
+
+    citibank.firm_id = apple.id.to_s
+
+    assert_not_predicate citibank.association(:firm), :stale_target?
+  end
+
+  def test_reflect_the_most_recent_change
+    author1, author2 = Author.limit(2)
+    post = Post.new(title: "foo", body: "bar")
+
+    post.author    = author1
+    post.author_id = author2.id
+
+    assert post.save
+    assert_equal post.author_id, author2.id
+  end
+
+  test "dangerous association name raises ArgumentError" do
+    [:errors, "errors", :save, "save"].each do |name|
+      assert_raises(ArgumentError, "Association #{name} should not be allowed") do
+        Class.new(ActiveRecord::Base) do
+          belongs_to name
+        end
+      end
+    end
+  end
+
+  test "belongs_to works with model called Record" do
+    record = Record.create!
+    Column.create! record: record
+    assert_equal 1, Column.count
+  end
+
+  def test_multiple_counter_cache_with_after_create_update
+    post = posts(:welcome)
+    parent = comments(:greetings)
+
+    assert_difference "parent.reload.children_count", +1 do
+      assert_difference "post.reload.comments_count", +1 do
+        CommentWithAfterCreateUpdate.create(body: "foo", post: post, parent: parent)
+      end
+    end
+  end
+
+  test "assigning an association doesn't result in duplicate objects" do
+    post = Post.create!(title: "title", body: "body")
+    post.comments = [post.comments.build(body: "body")]
+    post.save!
+
+    assert_equal 1, post.comments.size
+    assert_equal 1, Comment.where(post_id: post.id).count
+    assert_equal post.id, Comment.last.post.id
+  end
+end
+
+class BelongsToWithForeignKeyTest < ActiveRecord::TestCase
+  fixtures :authors, :author_addresses
+
+  def test_destroy_linked_models
+    address = AuthorAddress.create!
+    author = Author.create! name: "Author", author_address_id: address.id
+
+    author.destroy!
+  end
+end