ibm_db 5.6.1-arm64-darwin-24

data/test/cases/base_test.rb

@@ -0,0 +1,1770 @@
+# frozen_string_literal: true
+
+require "cases/helper"
+require "models/post"
+require "models/author"
+require "models/topic"
+require "models/reply"
+require "models/category"
+require "models/categorization"
+require "models/company"
+require "models/customer"
+require "models/developer"
+require "models/computer"
+require "models/project"
+require "models/default"
+require "models/auto_id"
+require "models/column_name"
+require "models/subscriber"
+require "models/comment"
+require "models/minimalistic"
+require "models/warehouse_thing"
+require "models/parrot"
+require "models/person"
+require "models/edge"
+require "models/joke"
+require "models/bird"
+require "models/car"
+require "models/bulb"
+require "models/pet"
+require "concurrent/atomic/count_down_latch"
+require "active_support/core_ext/enumerable"
+
+class FirstAbstractClass < ActiveRecord::Base
+  self.abstract_class = true
+
+  connects_to database: { writing: :arunit, reading: :arunit }
+end
+
+class SecondAbstractClass < FirstAbstractClass
+  self.abstract_class = true
+
+  connects_to database: { writing: :arunit, reading: :arunit }
+end
+
+class ThirdAbstractClass < SecondAbstractClass
+  self.abstract_class = true
+end
+
+class Photo < SecondAbstractClass; end
+class Smarts < ActiveRecord::Base; end
+class CreditCard < ActiveRecord::Base
+  class PinNumber < ActiveRecord::Base
+    class CvvCode < ActiveRecord::Base; end
+    class SubCvvCode < CvvCode; end
+  end
+  class SubPinNumber < PinNumber; end
+  class Brand < Category; end
+end
+class MasterCreditCard < ActiveRecord::Base; end
+class NonExistentTable < ActiveRecord::Base; end
+class TestOracleDefault < ActiveRecord::Base; end
+
+class ReadonlyTitlePost < Post
+  attr_readonly :title
+end
+
+class Weird < ActiveRecord::Base; end
+
+class LintTest < ActiveRecord::TestCase
+  include ActiveModel::Lint::Tests
+
+  class LintModel < ActiveRecord::Base; end
+
+  def setup
+    @model = LintModel.new
+  end
+end
+
+class BasicsTest < ActiveRecord::TestCase
+  fixtures :topics, :companies, :developers, :projects, :computers, :accounts, :minimalistics, "warehouse_things", :authors, :author_addresses, :categorizations, :categories, :posts
+
+  def test_generated_association_methods_module_name
+    mod = Post.send(:generated_association_methods)
+    assert_equal "Post::GeneratedAssociationMethods", mod.inspect
+  end
+
+  def test_generated_relation_methods_module_name
+    mod = Post.send(:generated_relation_methods)
+    assert_equal "Post::GeneratedRelationMethods", mod.inspect
+  end
+
+  def test_arel_attribute_normalization
+    assert_equal Post.arel_table["body"], Post.arel_table[:body]
+    assert_equal Post.arel_table["body"], Post.arel_table[:text]
+  end
+
+  def test_deprecated_arel_attribute
+    assert_deprecated do
+      assert_equal Post.arel_table["body"], Post.arel_attribute(:body)
+    end
+  end
+
+  def test_deprecated_arel_attribute_on_relation
+    assert_deprecated do
+      assert_equal Post.arel_table["body"], Post.all.arel_attribute(:body)
+    end
+  end
+
+  def test_incomplete_schema_loading
+    topic = Topic.first
+    payload = { foo: 42 }
+    topic.update!(content: payload)
+
+    Topic.reset_column_information
+
+    Topic.connection.stub(:lookup_cast_type_from_column, ->(_) { raise "Some Error" }) do
+      assert_raises RuntimeError do
+        Topic.columns_hash
+      end
+    end
+
+    assert_equal payload, Topic.first.content
+  end
+
+  def test_column_names_are_escaped
+    conn      = ActiveRecord::Base.connection
+    classname = conn.class.name[/[^:]*$/]
+    badchar   = {
+      "SQLite3Adapter"    => '"',
+      "Mysql2Adapter"     => "`",
+      "PostgreSQLAdapter" => '"',
+      "OracleAdapter"     => '"',
+      "IBM_DBAdapter"     => '"',
+    }.fetch(classname) {
+      raise "need a bad char for #{classname}"
+    }
+
+    quoted = conn.quote_column_name "foo#{badchar}bar"
+    if current_adapter?(:OracleAdapter)
+      # Oracle does not allow double quotes in table and column names at all
+      # therefore quoting removes them
+      assert_equal("#{badchar}foobar#{badchar}", quoted)
+    elsif  current_adapter?(:IBM_DBAdapter)
+      assert_equal("foobar", quoted)
+    else
+      assert_equal("#{badchar}foo#{badchar * 2}bar#{badchar}", quoted)
+    end
+  end
+
+  def test_columns_should_obey_set_primary_key
+    pk = Subscriber.columns_hash[Subscriber.primary_key]
+    assert_equal "nick", pk.name, "nick should be primary key"
+  end
+
+  def test_primary_key_with_no_id
+    assert_nil Edge.primary_key
+  end
+
+  def test_primary_key_and_references_columns_should_be_identical_type
+    pk = Author.columns_hash["id"]
+    ref = Post.columns_hash["author_id"]
+
+    assert_equal pk.sql_type, ref.sql_type
+  end
+
+  def test_many_mutations
+    car = Car.new name: "<3<3<3"
+    car.engines_count = 0
+    20_000.times { car.engines_count += 1 }
+    assert car.save
+  end
+
+  def test_limit_without_comma
+    assert_equal 1, Topic.limit("1").to_a.length
+    assert_equal 1, Topic.limit(1).to_a.length
+  end
+
+  def test_limit_should_take_value_from_latest_limit
+    assert_equal 1, Topic.limit(2).limit(1).to_a.length
+  end
+
+  def test_invalid_limit
+    assert_raises(ArgumentError) do
+      Topic.limit("asdfadf").to_a
+    end
+  end
+
+  def test_limit_should_sanitize_sql_injection_for_limit_without_commas
+    assert_raises(ArgumentError) do
+      Topic.limit("1 select * from schema").to_a
+    end
+  end
+
+  def test_limit_should_sanitize_sql_injection_for_limit_with_commas
+    assert_raises(ArgumentError) do
+      Topic.limit("1, 7 procedure help()").to_a
+    end
+  end
+
+  def test_select_symbol
+    topic_ids = Topic.select(:id).map(&:id).sort
+    assert_equal Topic.pluck(:id).sort, topic_ids
+  end
+
+  def test_table_exists
+    assert_not_predicate NonExistentTable, :table_exists?
+    assert_predicate Topic, :table_exists?
+  end
+
+  def test_preserving_date_objects
+    # Oracle enhanced adapter allows to define Date attributes in model class (see topic.rb)
+    assert_kind_of(
+      Date, Topic.find(1).last_read,
+      "The last_read attribute should be of the Date class"
+    )
+  end
+
+  def test_previously_changed
+    topic = Topic.first
+    topic.title = "<3<3<3"
+    assert_equal({}, topic.previous_changes)
+
+    topic.save!
+    expected = ["The First Topic", "<3<3<3"]
+    assert_equal(expected, topic.previous_changes["title"])
+  end
+
+  def test_previously_changed_dup
+    topic = Topic.first
+    topic.title = "<3<3<3"
+    topic.save!
+
+    t2 = topic.dup
+
+    assert_equal(topic.previous_changes, t2.previous_changes)
+
+    topic.title = "lolwut"
+    topic.save!
+
+    assert_not_equal(topic.previous_changes, t2.previous_changes)
+  end
+
+  def test_preserving_time_objects
+    assert_kind_of(
+      Time, Topic.find(1).bonus_time,
+      "The bonus_time attribute should be of the Time class"
+    )
+
+    assert_kind_of(
+      Time, Topic.find(1).written_on,
+      "The written_on attribute should be of the Time class"
+    )
+
+    # For adapters which support microsecond resolution.
+    if supports_datetime_with_precision?
+      assert_equal 11, Topic.find(1).written_on.sec
+      assert_equal 223300, Topic.find(1).written_on.usec
+      assert_equal 9900, Topic.find(2).written_on.usec
+      assert_equal 129346, Topic.find(3).written_on.usec
+    end
+  end
+
+  def test_preserving_time_objects_with_local_time_conversion_to_default_timezone_utc
+    with_env_tz eastern_time_zone do
+      with_timezone_config default: :utc do
+        time = Time.local(2000)
+        topic = Topic.create("written_on" => time)
+        saved_time = Topic.find(topic.id).reload.written_on
+        assert_equal time, saved_time
+        assert_equal [0, 0, 0, 1, 1, 2000, 6, 1, false, "EST"], time.to_a
+        assert_equal [0, 0, 5, 1, 1, 2000, 6, 1, false, "UTC"], saved_time.to_a
+      end
+    end
+  end
+
+  def test_preserving_time_objects_with_time_with_zone_conversion_to_default_timezone_utc
+    with_env_tz eastern_time_zone do
+      with_timezone_config default: :utc do
+        Time.use_zone "Central Time (US & Canada)" do
+          time = Time.zone.local(2000)
+          topic = Topic.create("written_on" => time)
+          saved_time = Topic.find(topic.id).reload.written_on
+          assert_equal time, saved_time
+          assert_equal [0, 0, 0, 1, 1, 2000, 6, 1, false, "CST"], time.to_a
+          assert_equal [0, 0, 6, 1, 1, 2000, 6, 1, false, "UTC"], saved_time.to_a
+        end
+      end
+    end
+  end
+
+  def test_preserving_time_objects_with_utc_time_conversion_to_default_timezone_local
+    with_env_tz eastern_time_zone do
+      with_timezone_config default: :local do
+        time = Time.utc(2000)
+        topic = Topic.create("written_on" => time)
+        saved_time = Topic.find(topic.id).reload.written_on
+        assert_equal time, saved_time
+        assert_equal [0, 0, 0, 1, 1, 2000, 6, 1, false, "UTC"], time.to_a
+        assert_equal [0, 0, 19, 31, 12, 1999, 5, 365, false, "EST"], saved_time.to_a
+      end
+    end
+  end
+
+  def test_preserving_time_objects_with_time_with_zone_conversion_to_default_timezone_local
+    with_env_tz eastern_time_zone do
+      with_timezone_config default: :local do
+        Time.use_zone "Central Time (US & Canada)" do
+          time = Time.zone.local(2000)
+          topic = Topic.create("written_on" => time)
+          saved_time = Topic.find(topic.id).reload.written_on
+          assert_equal time, saved_time
+          assert_equal [0, 0, 0, 1, 1, 2000, 6, 1, false, "CST"], time.to_a
+          assert_equal [0, 0, 1, 1, 1, 2000, 6, 1, false, "EST"], saved_time.to_a
+        end
+      end
+    end
+  end
+
+  def test_time_zone_aware_attribute_with_default_timezone_utc_on_utc_can_be_created
+    with_env_tz eastern_time_zone do
+      with_timezone_config aware_attributes: true, default: :utc, zone: "UTC" do
+        pet = Pet.create(name: "Bidu")
+        assert_predicate pet, :persisted?
+        saved_pet = Pet.find(pet.id)
+        assert_not_nil saved_pet.created_at
+        assert_not_nil saved_pet.updated_at
+      end
+    end
+  end
+
+  def eastern_time_zone
+    if Gem.win_platform?
+      "EST5EDT"
+    else
+      "America/New_York"
+    end
+  end
+
+  def test_custom_mutator
+    topic = Topic.find(1)
+    # This mutator is protected in the class definition
+    topic.send(:approved=, true)
+    assert topic.instance_variable_get("@custom_approved")
+  end
+
+  def test_initialize_with_attributes
+    topic = Topic.new(
+      "title" => "initialized from attributes", "written_on" => "2003-12-12 23:23")
+
+    assert_equal("initialized from attributes", topic.title)
+  end
+
+  def test_initialize_with_invalid_attribute
+    ex = assert_raise(ActiveRecord::MultiparameterAssignmentErrors) do
+      Topic.new("title" => "test",
+        "written_on(4i)" => "16", "written_on(5i)" => "24", "written_on(6i)" => "00")
+    end
+
+    assert_equal(1, ex.errors.size)
+    assert_equal("written_on", ex.errors[0].attribute)
+  end
+
+  def test_create_after_initialize_without_block
+    cb = CustomBulb.create(name: "Dude")
+    assert_equal("Dude", cb.name)
+    assert_equal(true, cb.frickinawesome)
+  end
+
+  def test_create_after_initialize_with_block
+    cb = CustomBulb.create { |c| c.name = "Dude" }
+    assert_equal("Dude", cb.name)
+    assert_equal(true, cb.frickinawesome)
+  end
+
+  def test_create_after_initialize_with_array_param
+    cbs = CustomBulb.create([{ name: "Dude" }, { name: "Bob" }])
+    assert_equal "Dude", cbs[0].name
+    assert_equal "Bob", cbs[1].name
+    assert cbs[0].frickinawesome
+    assert_not cbs[1].frickinawesome
+  end
+
+  def test_load
+    topics = Topic.all.merge!(order: "id").to_a
+    assert_equal(5, topics.size)
+    assert_equal(topics(:first).title, topics.first.title)
+  end
+
+  def test_load_with_condition
+    topics = Topic.all.merge!(where: "author_name = 'Mary'").to_a
+
+    assert_equal(1, topics.size)
+    assert_equal(topics(:second).title, topics.first.title)
+  end
+
+  GUESSED_CLASSES = [Category, Smarts, CreditCard, CreditCard::PinNumber, CreditCard::PinNumber::CvvCode, CreditCard::SubPinNumber, CreditCard::Brand, MasterCreditCard]
+
+  def test_table_name_guesses
+    assert_equal "topics", Topic.table_name
+
+    assert_equal "categories", Category.table_name
+    assert_equal "smarts", Smarts.table_name
+    assert_equal "credit_cards", CreditCard.table_name
+    assert_equal "credit_card_pin_numbers", CreditCard::PinNumber.table_name
+    assert_equal "credit_card_pin_number_cvv_codes", CreditCard::PinNumber::CvvCode.table_name
+    assert_equal "credit_card_pin_numbers", CreditCard::SubPinNumber.table_name
+    assert_equal "categories", CreditCard::Brand.table_name
+    assert_equal "master_credit_cards", MasterCreditCard.table_name
+  ensure
+    GUESSED_CLASSES.each(&:reset_table_name)
+  end
+
+  def test_singular_table_name_guesses
+    ActiveRecord::Base.pluralize_table_names = false
+    GUESSED_CLASSES.each(&:reset_table_name)
+
+    assert_equal "category", Category.table_name
+    assert_equal "smarts", Smarts.table_name
+    assert_equal "credit_card", CreditCard.table_name
+    assert_equal "credit_card_pin_number", CreditCard::PinNumber.table_name
+    assert_equal "credit_card_pin_number_cvv_code", CreditCard::PinNumber::CvvCode.table_name
+    assert_equal "credit_card_pin_number", CreditCard::SubPinNumber.table_name
+    assert_equal "category", CreditCard::Brand.table_name
+    assert_equal "master_credit_card", MasterCreditCard.table_name
+  ensure
+    ActiveRecord::Base.pluralize_table_names = true
+    GUESSED_CLASSES.each(&:reset_table_name)
+  end
+
+  def test_table_name_guesses_with_prefixes_and_suffixes
+    ActiveRecord::Base.table_name_prefix = "test_"
+    Category.reset_table_name
+    assert_equal "test_categories", Category.table_name
+    ActiveRecord::Base.table_name_suffix = "_test"
+    Category.reset_table_name
+    assert_equal "test_categories_test", Category.table_name
+    ActiveRecord::Base.table_name_prefix = ""
+    Category.reset_table_name
+    assert_equal "categories_test", Category.table_name
+    ActiveRecord::Base.table_name_suffix = ""
+    Category.reset_table_name
+    assert_equal "categories", Category.table_name
+  ensure
+    ActiveRecord::Base.table_name_prefix = ""
+    ActiveRecord::Base.table_name_suffix = ""
+    GUESSED_CLASSES.each(&:reset_table_name)
+  end
+
+  def test_singular_table_name_guesses_with_prefixes_and_suffixes
+    ActiveRecord::Base.pluralize_table_names = false
+
+    ActiveRecord::Base.table_name_prefix = "test_"
+    Category.reset_table_name
+    assert_equal "test_category", Category.table_name
+    ActiveRecord::Base.table_name_suffix = "_test"
+    Category.reset_table_name
+    assert_equal "test_category_test", Category.table_name
+    ActiveRecord::Base.table_name_prefix = ""
+    Category.reset_table_name
+    assert_equal "category_test", Category.table_name
+    ActiveRecord::Base.table_name_suffix = ""
+    Category.reset_table_name
+    assert_equal "category", Category.table_name
+  ensure
+    ActiveRecord::Base.pluralize_table_names = true
+    ActiveRecord::Base.table_name_prefix = ""
+    ActiveRecord::Base.table_name_suffix = ""
+    GUESSED_CLASSES.each(&:reset_table_name)
+  end
+
+  def test_table_name_guesses_with_inherited_prefixes_and_suffixes
+    GUESSED_CLASSES.each(&:reset_table_name)
+
+    CreditCard.table_name_prefix = "test_"
+    CreditCard.reset_table_name
+    Category.reset_table_name
+    assert_equal "test_credit_cards", CreditCard.table_name
+    assert_equal "categories", Category.table_name
+    CreditCard.table_name_suffix = "_test"
+    CreditCard.reset_table_name
+    Category.reset_table_name
+    assert_equal "test_credit_cards_test", CreditCard.table_name
+    assert_equal "categories", Category.table_name
+    CreditCard.table_name_prefix = ""
+    CreditCard.reset_table_name
+    Category.reset_table_name
+    assert_equal "credit_cards_test", CreditCard.table_name
+    assert_equal "categories", Category.table_name
+    CreditCard.table_name_suffix = ""
+    CreditCard.reset_table_name
+    Category.reset_table_name
+    assert_equal "credit_cards", CreditCard.table_name
+    assert_equal "categories", Category.table_name
+  ensure
+    CreditCard.table_name_prefix = ""
+    CreditCard.table_name_suffix = ""
+    GUESSED_CLASSES.each(&:reset_table_name)
+  end
+
+  def test_singular_table_name_guesses_for_individual_table
+    Post.pluralize_table_names = false
+    Post.reset_table_name
+    assert_equal "post", Post.table_name
+    assert_equal "categories", Category.table_name
+  ensure
+    Post.pluralize_table_names = true
+    Post.reset_table_name
+  end
+
+  def test_null_fields
+    assert_nil Topic.find(1).parent_id
+    assert_nil Topic.create("title" => "Hey you").parent_id
+  end
+
+  def test_default_values
+    topic = Topic.new
+    assert_predicate topic, :approved?
+    assert_nil topic.written_on
+    assert_nil topic.bonus_time
+    assert_nil topic.last_read
+
+    topic.save
+
+    topic = Topic.find(topic.id)
+    assert_predicate topic, :approved?
+    assert_nil topic.last_read
+
+    # Oracle has some funky default handling, so it requires a bit of
+    # extra testing. See ticket #2788.
+    if current_adapter?(:OracleAdapter)
+      test = TestOracleDefault.new
+      assert_equal "X", test.test_char
+      assert_equal "hello", test.test_string
+      assert_equal 3, test.test_int
+    end
+  end
+
+  # Oracle does not have a TIME datatype.
+  unless current_adapter?(:OracleAdapter)
+    def test_utc_as_time_zone
+      with_timezone_config default: :utc do
+        attributes = { "bonus_time" => "5:42:00AM" }
+        topic = Topic.find(1)
+        topic.attributes = attributes
+        assert_equal Time.utc(2000, 1, 1, 5, 42, 0), topic.bonus_time
+      end
+    end
+
+    def test_utc_as_time_zone_and_new
+      with_timezone_config default: :utc do
+        attributes = { "bonus_time(1i)" => "2000",
+          "bonus_time(2i)" => "1",
+          "bonus_time(3i)" => "1",
+          "bonus_time(4i)" => "10",
+          "bonus_time(5i)" => "35",
+          "bonus_time(6i)" => "50" }
+        topic = Topic.new(attributes)
+        assert_equal Time.utc(2000, 1, 1, 10, 35, 50), topic.bonus_time
+      end
+    end
+  end
+
+  def test_default_values_on_empty_strings
+    topic = Topic.new
+    topic.approved  = nil
+    topic.last_read = nil
+
+    topic.save
+
+    topic = Topic.find(topic.id)
+    assert_nil topic.last_read
+
+    assert_nil topic.approved
+  end
+
+  def test_equality
+    assert_equal Topic.find(1), Topic.find(2).topic
+  end
+
+  def test_find_by_slug
+    assert_equal Topic.find("1-meowmeow"), Topic.find(1)
+  end
+
+  def test_out_of_range_slugs
+    assert_equal [Topic.find(1)], Topic.where(id: ["1-meowmeow", "9223372036854775808-hello"])
+  end
+
+  def test_find_by_slug_with_array
+    assert_equal Topic.find([1, 2]), Topic.find(["1-meowmeow", "2-hello"])
+    assert_equal "The Second Topic of the day", Topic.find(["2-hello", "1-meowmeow"]).first.title
+  end
+
+  def test_find_by_slug_with_range
+    assert_equal Topic.where(id: "1-meowmeow".."2-hello"), Topic.where(id: 1..2)
+  end
+
+  def test_equality_of_new_records
+    assert_not_equal Topic.new, Topic.new
+    assert_equal false, Topic.new == Topic.new
+  end
+
+  def test_equality_of_destroyed_records
+    topic_1 = Topic.new(title: "test_1")
+    topic_1.save
+    topic_2 = Topic.find(topic_1.id)
+    topic_1.destroy
+    assert_equal topic_1, topic_2
+    assert_equal topic_2, topic_1
+  end
+
+  def test_equality_with_blank_ids
+    one = Subscriber.new(id: "")
+    two = Subscriber.new(id: "")
+    assert_equal one, two
+  end
+
+  def test_equality_of_relation_and_collection_proxy
+    car = Car.create!
+    car.bulbs.build
+    car.save
+
+    assert car.bulbs == Bulb.where(car_id: car.id), "CollectionProxy should be comparable with Relation"
+    assert Bulb.where(car_id: car.id) == car.bulbs, "Relation should be comparable with CollectionProxy"
+  end
+
+  def test_equality_of_relation_and_array
+    car = Car.create!
+    car.bulbs.build
+    car.save
+
+    assert Bulb.where(car_id: car.id) == car.bulbs.to_a, "Relation should be comparable with Array"
+  end
+
+  def test_equality_of_relation_and_association_relation
+    car = Car.create!
+    car.bulbs.build
+    car.save
+
+    assert_equal Bulb.where(car_id: car.id), car.bulbs.includes(:car), "Relation should be comparable with AssociationRelation"
+    assert_equal car.bulbs.includes(:car), Bulb.where(car_id: car.id), "AssociationRelation should be comparable with Relation"
+  end
+
+  def test_equality_of_collection_proxy_and_association_relation
+    car = Car.create!
+    car.bulbs.build
+    car.save
+
+    assert_equal car.bulbs, car.bulbs.includes(:car), "CollectionProxy should be comparable with AssociationRelation"
+    assert_equal car.bulbs.includes(:car), car.bulbs, "AssociationRelation should be comparable with CollectionProxy"
+  end
+
+  def test_hashing
+    assert_equal [ Topic.find(1) ], [ Topic.find(2).topic ] & [ Topic.find(1) ]
+  end
+
+  def test_successful_comparison_of_like_class_records
+    topic_1 = Topic.create!
+    topic_2 = Topic.create!
+
+    assert_equal [topic_2, topic_1].sort, [topic_1, topic_2]
+  end
+
+  def test_failed_comparison_of_unlike_class_records
+    assert_raises ArgumentError do
+      [ topics(:first), posts(:welcome) ].sort
+    end
+  end
+
+  def test_create_without_prepared_statement
+    topic = Topic.connection.unprepared_statement do
+      Topic.create(title: "foo")
+    end
+
+    assert_equal topic, Topic.find(topic.id)
+  end
+
+  def test_destroy_without_prepared_statement
+    topic = Topic.create(title: "foo")
+    Topic.connection.unprepared_statement do
+      Topic.find(topic.id).destroy
+    end
+
+    assert_nil Topic.find_by_id(topic.id)
+  end
+
+  def test_comparison_with_different_objects
+    topic = Topic.create
+    category = Category.create(name: "comparison")
+    assert_nil topic <=> category
+  end
+
+  def test_comparison_with_different_objects_in_array
+    topic = Topic.create
+    assert_raises(ArgumentError) do
+      [1, topic].sort
+    end
+  end
+
+  def test_readonly_attributes
+    assert_equal Set.new([ "title", "comments_count" ]), ReadonlyTitlePost.readonly_attributes
+
+    post = ReadonlyTitlePost.create(title: "cannot change this", body: "changeable")
+    post.reload
+    assert_equal "cannot change this", post.title
+
+    post.update(title: "try to change", body: "changed")
+    post.reload
+    assert_equal "cannot change this", post.title
+    assert_equal "changed", post.body
+  end
+
+  def test_unicode_column_name
+    Weird.reset_column_information
+    weird = Weird.create(なまえ: "たこ焼き仮面")
+    assert_equal "たこ焼き仮面", weird.なまえ
+  end
+
+  unless current_adapter?(:PostgreSQLAdapter)
+    def test_respect_internal_encoding
+      old_default_internal = Encoding.default_internal
+      silence_warnings { Encoding.default_internal = "EUC-JP" }
+
+      Weird.reset_column_information
+
+      assert_equal ["EUC-JP"], Weird.columns.map { |c| c.name.encoding.name }.uniq
+    ensure
+      silence_warnings { Encoding.default_internal = old_default_internal }
+      Weird.reset_column_information
+    end
+  end
+
+  def test_non_valid_identifier_column_name
+    weird = Weird.create("a$b" => "value")
+    weird.reload
+    assert_equal "value", weird.public_send("a$b")
+    assert_equal "value", weird.read_attribute("a$b")
+
+    weird.update_columns("a$b" => "value2")
+    weird.reload
+    assert_equal "value2", weird.public_send("a$b")
+    assert_equal "value2", weird.read_attribute("a$b")
+  end
+
+  def test_group_weirds_by_from
+    Weird.create("a$b" => "value", :from => "aaron")
+    count = Weird.group(Weird.arel_table[:from]).count
+    assert_equal 1, count["aaron"]
+  end
+
+  def test_attributes_on_dummy_time
+    # Oracle does not have a TIME datatype.
+    return true if current_adapter?(:OracleAdapter)
+
+    with_timezone_config default: :local do
+      attributes = {
+        "bonus_time" => "5:42:00AM"
+      }
+      topic = Topic.find(1)
+      topic.attributes = attributes
+      assert_equal Time.local(2000, 1, 1, 5, 42, 0), topic.bonus_time
+
+      topic.save!
+      assert_equal topic, Topic.find_by(attributes)
+    end
+  end
+
+  def test_attributes_on_dummy_time_with_invalid_time
+    # Oracle does not have a TIME datatype.
+    return true if current_adapter?(:OracleAdapter)
+
+    attributes = {
+      "bonus_time" => "not a time"
+    }
+    topic = Topic.find(1)
+    topic.attributes = attributes
+    assert_nil topic.bonus_time
+  end
+
+  def test_attributes
+    category = Category.new(name: "Ruby")
+
+    expected_attributes = category.attribute_names.index_with do |attribute_name|
+      category.public_send(attribute_name)
+    end
+
+    assert_instance_of Hash, category.attributes
+    assert_equal expected_attributes, category.attributes
+  end
+
+  def test_new_record_returns_boolean
+    assert_equal false, Topic.new.persisted?
+    assert_equal true, Topic.find(1).persisted?
+  end
+
+  def test_previously_new_record_returns_boolean
+    assert_equal false, Topic.new.previously_new_record?
+    assert_equal true, Topic.create.previously_new_record?
+    assert_equal false, Topic.find(1).previously_new_record?
+  end
+
+  def test_dup
+    topic = Topic.find(1)
+    duped_topic = nil
+    assert_nothing_raised { duped_topic = topic.dup }
+    assert_equal topic.title, duped_topic.title
+    assert_not_predicate duped_topic, :persisted?
+
+    # test if the attributes have been duped
+    topic.title = "a"
+    duped_topic.title = "b"
+    assert_equal "a", topic.title
+    assert_equal "b", duped_topic.title
+
+    # test if the attribute values have been duped
+    duped_topic = topic.dup
+    duped_topic.title.replace "c"
+    assert_equal "a", topic.title
+
+    # test if attributes set as part of after_initialize are duped correctly
+    assert_equal topic.author_email_address, duped_topic.author_email_address
+
+    # test if saved clone object differs from original
+    duped_topic.save
+    assert_predicate duped_topic, :persisted?
+    assert_not_equal duped_topic.id, topic.id
+
+    duped_topic.reload
+    assert_equal("c", duped_topic.title)
+  end
+
+  DeveloperSalary = Struct.new(:amount)
+  def test_dup_with_aggregate_of_same_name_as_attribute
+    developer_with_aggregate = Class.new(ActiveRecord::Base) do
+      self.table_name = "developers"
+      composed_of :salary, class_name: "BasicsTest::DeveloperSalary", mapping: [%w(salary amount)]
+    end
+
+    dev = developer_with_aggregate.find(1)
+    assert_kind_of DeveloperSalary, dev.salary
+
+    dup = nil
+    assert_nothing_raised { dup = dev.dup }
+    assert_kind_of DeveloperSalary, dup.salary
+    assert_equal dev.salary.amount, dup.salary.amount
+    assert_not_predicate dup, :persisted?
+
+    # test if the attributes have been duped
+    original_amount = dup.salary.amount
+    dev.salary.amount = 1
+    assert_equal original_amount, dup.salary.amount
+
+    assert dup.save
+    assert_predicate dup, :persisted?
+    assert_not_equal dup.id, dev.id
+  end
+
+  def test_dup_does_not_copy_associations
+    author = authors(:david)
+    assert_not_equal [], author.posts
+
+    author_dup = author.dup
+    assert_equal [], author_dup.posts
+  end
+
+  def test_clone_preserves_subtype
+    clone = nil
+    assert_nothing_raised { clone = Company.find(3).clone }
+    assert_kind_of Client, clone
+  end
+
+  def test_clone_of_new_object_with_defaults
+    developer = Developer.new
+    assert_not_predicate developer, :name_changed?
+    assert_not_predicate developer, :salary_changed?
+
+    cloned_developer = developer.clone
+    assert_not_predicate cloned_developer, :name_changed?
+    assert_not_predicate cloned_developer, :salary_changed?
+  end
+
+  def test_clone_of_new_object_marks_attributes_as_dirty
+    developer = Developer.new name: "Bjorn", salary: 100000
+    assert_predicate developer, :name_changed?
+    assert_predicate developer, :salary_changed?
+
+    cloned_developer = developer.clone
+    assert_predicate cloned_developer, :name_changed?
+    assert_predicate cloned_developer, :salary_changed?
+  end
+
+  def test_clone_of_new_object_marks_as_dirty_only_changed_attributes
+    developer = Developer.new name: "Bjorn"
+    assert developer.name_changed?            # obviously
+    assert_not developer.salary_changed?         # attribute has non-nil default value, so treated as not changed
+
+    cloned_developer = developer.clone
+    assert_predicate cloned_developer, :name_changed?
+    assert_not cloned_developer.salary_changed?  # ... and cloned instance should behave same
+  end
+
+  def test_dup_of_saved_object_marks_attributes_as_dirty
+    developer = Developer.create! name: "Bjorn", salary: 100000
+    assert_not_predicate developer, :name_changed?
+    assert_not_predicate developer, :salary_changed?
+
+    cloned_developer = developer.dup
+    assert cloned_developer.name_changed?     # both attributes differ from defaults
+    assert_predicate cloned_developer, :salary_changed?
+  end
+
+  def test_dup_of_saved_object_marks_as_dirty_only_changed_attributes
+    developer = Developer.create! name: "Bjorn"
+    assert_not developer.name_changed?           # both attributes of saved object should be treated as not changed
+    assert_not_predicate developer, :salary_changed?
+
+    cloned_developer = developer.dup
+    assert cloned_developer.name_changed?     # ... but on cloned object should be
+    assert_not cloned_developer.salary_changed?  # ... BUT salary has non-nil default which should be treated as not changed on cloned instance
+  end
+
+  def test_bignum
+    company = Company.find(1)
+    company.rating = 2147483648
+    company.save
+    company = Company.find(1)
+    assert_equal 2147483648, company.rating
+  end
+
+  def test_bignum_pk
+    company = Company.create!(id: 2147483648, name: "foo")
+    assert_equal company, Company.find(company.id)
+  end
+
+  if current_adapter?(:PostgreSQLAdapter, :Mysql2Adapter, :SQLite3Adapter)
+    def test_default
+      with_timezone_config default: :local do
+        default = Default.new
+
+        # fixed dates / times
+        assert_equal Date.new(2004, 1, 1), default.fixed_date
+        assert_equal Time.local(2004, 1, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0), default.fixed_time
+
+        # char types
+        assert_equal "Y", default.char1
+        assert_equal "a varchar field", default.char2
+        # Mysql text type can't have default value
+        unless current_adapter?(:Mysql2Adapter)
+          assert_equal "a text field", default.char3
+        end
+      end
+    end
+  end
+
+  def test_auto_id
+    auto = AutoId.new
+    auto.save
+    assert(auto.id > 0)
+  end
+
+  def test_sql_injection_via_find
+    assert_raise(ActiveRecord::RecordNotFound, ActiveRecord::StatementInvalid) do
+      Topic.find("123456 OR id > 0")
+    end
+  end
+
+  def test_column_name_properly_quoted
+    col_record = ColumnName.new
+    col_record.references = 40
+    assert col_record.save
+    col_record.references = 41
+    assert col_record.save
+    assert_not_nil c2 = ColumnName.find(col_record.id)
+    assert_equal(41, c2.references)
+  end
+
+  def test_quoting_arrays
+    replies = Reply.all.merge!(where: [ "id IN (?)", topics(:first).replies.collect(&:id) ]).to_a
+    assert_equal topics(:first).replies.size, replies.size
+
+    replies = Reply.all.merge!(where: [ "id IN (?)", [] ]).to_a
+    assert_equal 0, replies.size
+  end
+
+  def test_quote
+    author_name = "\\ \001 ' \n \\n \""
+    topic = Topic.create("author_name" => author_name)
+    assert_equal author_name, Topic.find(topic.id).author_name
+  end
+
+  def test_toggle_attribute
+    assert_not_predicate topics(:first), :approved?
+    topics(:first).toggle!(:approved)
+    assert_predicate topics(:first), :approved?
+    topic = topics(:first)
+    topic.toggle(:approved)
+    assert_not_predicate topic, :approved?
+    topic.reload
+    assert_predicate topic, :approved?
+  end
+
+  def test_reload
+    t1 = Topic.find(1)
+    t2 = Topic.find(1)
+    t1.title = "something else"
+    t1.save
+    t2.reload
+    assert_equal t1.title, t2.title
+  end
+
+  def test_switching_between_table_name
+    k = Class.new(Joke)
+
+    assert_difference("GoodJoke.count") do
+      k.table_name = "cold_jokes"
+      k.create
+
+      k.table_name = "funny_jokes"
+      k.create
+    end
+  end
+
+  def test_clear_cache_when_setting_table_name
+    original_table_name = Joke.table_name
+
+    Joke.table_name = "funny_jokes"
+    before_columns = Joke.columns
+    before_seq = Joke.sequence_name
+
+    Joke.table_name = "cold_jokes"
+    after_columns = Joke.columns
+    after_seq = Joke.sequence_name
+
+    assert_not_equal before_columns, after_columns
+    assert_not_equal before_seq, after_seq unless before_seq.nil? && after_seq.nil?
+  ensure
+    Joke.table_name = original_table_name
+  end
+
+  def test_dont_clear_sequence_name_when_setting_explicitly
+    k = Class.new(Joke)
+    k.sequence_name = "black_jokes_seq"
+    k.table_name = "cold_jokes"
+    before_seq = k.sequence_name
+
+    k.table_name = "funny_jokes"
+    after_seq = k.sequence_name
+
+    assert_equal before_seq, after_seq unless before_seq.nil? && after_seq.nil?
+  end
+
+  def test_dont_clear_inheritance_column_when_setting_explicitly
+    k = Class.new(Joke)
+    k.inheritance_column = "my_type"
+    before_inherit = k.inheritance_column
+
+    k.reset_column_information
+    after_inherit = k.inheritance_column
+
+    assert_equal before_inherit, after_inherit unless before_inherit.blank? && after_inherit.blank?
+  end
+
+  def test_set_table_name_symbol_converted_to_string
+    k = Class.new(Joke)
+    k.table_name = :cold_jokes
+    assert_equal "cold_jokes", k.table_name
+  end
+
+  def test_quoted_table_name_after_set_table_name
+    klass = Class.new(ActiveRecord::Base)
+
+    klass.table_name = "foo"
+    assert_equal "foo", klass.table_name
+    assert_equal klass.connection.quote_table_name("foo"), klass.quoted_table_name
+
+    klass.table_name = "bar"
+    assert_equal "bar", klass.table_name
+    assert_equal klass.connection.quote_table_name("bar"), klass.quoted_table_name
+  end
+
+  def test_set_table_name_with_inheritance
+    k = Class.new(ActiveRecord::Base)
+    def k.name; "Foo"; end
+    def k.table_name; super + "ks"; end
+    assert_equal "foosks", k.table_name
+  end
+
+  def test_sequence_name_with_abstract_class
+    ak = Class.new(ActiveRecord::Base)
+    ak.abstract_class = true
+    k = Class.new(ak)
+    k.table_name = "projects"
+    orig_name = k.sequence_name
+    skip "sequences not supported by db" unless orig_name
+    assert_equal k.reset_sequence_name, orig_name
+  end
+
+  def test_count_with_join
+    res = Post.count_by_sql "SELECT COUNT(*) FROM posts LEFT JOIN comments ON posts.id=comments.post_id WHERE posts.#{QUOTED_TYPE} = 'Post'"
+    res2 = Post.where("posts.#{QUOTED_TYPE} = 'Post'").joins("LEFT JOIN comments ON posts.id=comments.post_id").count
+    assert_equal res, res2
+
+    res4 = Post.count_by_sql "SELECT COUNT(p.id) FROM posts p, comments co WHERE p.#{QUOTED_TYPE} = 'Post' AND p.id=co.post_id"
+    res5 = Post.where("p.#{QUOTED_TYPE} = 'Post' AND p.id=co.post_id").joins("p, comments co").select("p.id").count
+    assert_equal res4, res5
+
+    res6 = Post.count_by_sql "SELECT COUNT(DISTINCT p.id) FROM posts p, comments co WHERE p.#{QUOTED_TYPE} = 'Post' AND p.id=co.post_id"
+    res7 = Post.where("p.#{QUOTED_TYPE} = 'Post' AND p.id=co.post_id").joins("p, comments co").select("p.id").distinct.count
+    assert_equal res6, res7
+  end
+
+  def test_no_limit_offset
+    assert_nothing_raised do
+      Developer.all.merge!(offset: 2).to_a
+    end
+  end
+
+  def test_last
+    assert_equal Developer.all.merge!(order: "id desc").first, Developer.last
+  end
+
+  def test_all
+    developers = Developer.all
+    assert_kind_of ActiveRecord::Relation, developers
+    assert_equal Developer.all, developers
+  end
+
+  def test_all_with_conditions
+    assert_equal Developer.all.merge!(order: "id desc").to_a, Developer.order("id desc").to_a
+  end
+
+  def test_find_ordered_last
+    last = Developer.order("developers.salary ASC").last
+    assert_equal last, Developer.order("developers.salary": "ASC").to_a.last
+  end
+
+  def test_find_reverse_ordered_last
+    last = Developer.order("developers.salary DESC").last
+    assert_equal last, Developer.order("developers.salary": "DESC").to_a.last
+  end
+
+  def test_find_multiple_ordered_last
+    last = Developer.order("developers.name, developers.salary DESC").last
+    assert_equal last, Developer.order(:"developers.name", "developers.salary": "DESC").to_a.last
+  end
+
+  def test_find_keeps_multiple_order_values
+    combined = Developer.order("developers.name, developers.salary").to_a
+    assert_equal combined, Developer.order(:"developers.name", :"developers.salary").to_a
+  end
+
+  def test_find_keeps_multiple_group_values
+    combined = Developer.merge(group: "developers.name, developers.salary, developers.id, developers.mentor_id, developers.firm_id,  developers.legacy_created_at, developers.legacy_updated_at, developers.legacy_created_on, developers.legacy_updated_on").to_a
+    assert_equal combined, Developer.merge(group: ["developers.name", "developers.salary", "developers.id", "developers.mentor_id", "developers.firm_id", "developers.created_at", "developers.updated_at", "developers.created_on", "developers.updated_on"]).to_a
+  end
+
+  def test_find_symbol_ordered_last
+    last = Developer.all.merge!(order: :salary).last
+    assert_equal last, Developer.all.merge!(order: :salary).to_a.last
+  end
+
+  def test_abstract_class_table_name
+    assert_nil AbstractCompany.table_name
+  end
+
+  def test_find_on_abstract_base_class_doesnt_use_type_condition
+    old_class = LooseDescendant
+    Object.send :remove_const, :LooseDescendant
+
+    descendant = old_class.create! first_name: "bob"
+    assert_not_nil LoosePerson.find(descendant.id), "Should have found instance of LooseDescendant when finding abstract LoosePerson: #{descendant.inspect}"
+  ensure
+    unless Object.const_defined?(:LooseDescendant)
+      Object.const_set :LooseDescendant, old_class
+    end
+  end
+
+  def test_assert_queries
+    query = lambda { ActiveRecord::Base.connection.execute "select count(*) from developers" }
+    assert_queries(2) { 2.times { query.call } }
+    assert_queries 1, &query
+    assert_no_queries { assert true }
+  end
+
+  def test_benchmark_with_log_level
+    original_logger = ActiveRecord::Base.logger
+    log = StringIO.new
+    ActiveRecord::Base.logger = ActiveSupport::Logger.new(log)
+    ActiveRecord::Base.logger.level = Logger::WARN
+    ActiveRecord::Base.benchmark("Debug Topic Count", level: :debug) { Topic.count }
+    ActiveRecord::Base.benchmark("Warn Topic Count",  level: :warn)  { Topic.count }
+    ActiveRecord::Base.benchmark("Error Topic Count", level: :error) { Topic.count }
+    assert_no_match(/Debug Topic Count/, log.string)
+    assert_match(/Warn Topic Count/, log.string)
+    assert_match(/Error Topic Count/, log.string)
+  ensure
+    ActiveRecord::Base.logger = original_logger
+  end
+
+  def test_benchmark_with_use_silence
+    original_logger = ActiveRecord::Base.logger
+    log = StringIO.new
+    ActiveRecord::Base.logger = ActiveSupport::Logger.new(log)
+    ActiveRecord::Base.logger.level = Logger::DEBUG
+    ActiveRecord::Base.benchmark("Logging", level: :debug, silence: false)  { ActiveRecord::Base.logger.debug "Quiet" }
+    assert_match(/Quiet/, log.string)
+  ensure
+    ActiveRecord::Base.logger = original_logger
+  end
+
+  def test_clear_cache!
+    # preheat cache
+    c1 = Post.connection.schema_cache.columns("posts")
+    assert_not_equal 0, Post.connection.schema_cache.size
+
+    ActiveRecord::Base.clear_cache!
+    assert_equal 0, Post.connection.schema_cache.size
+
+    c2 = Post.connection.schema_cache.columns("posts")
+    assert_not_equal 0, Post.connection.schema_cache.size
+
+    assert_equal c1, c2
+  end
+
+  def test_current_scope_is_reset
+    Object.const_set :UnloadablePost, Class.new(ActiveRecord::Base)
+    UnloadablePost.current_scope = UnloadablePost.all
+
+    UnloadablePost.unloadable
+    klass = UnloadablePost
+    assert_not_nil ActiveRecord::Scoping::ScopeRegistry.value_for(:current_scope, klass)
+    ActiveSupport::Dependencies.remove_unloadable_constants!
+    assert_nil ActiveRecord::Scoping::ScopeRegistry.value_for(:current_scope, klass)
+  ensure
+    Object.class_eval { remove_const :UnloadablePost } if defined?(UnloadablePost)
+  end
+
+  def test_marshal_round_trip
+    expected = posts(:welcome)
+    marshalled = Marshal.dump(expected)
+    actual = Marshal.load(marshalled)
+
+    assert_equal expected.attributes, actual.attributes
+  end
+
+  def test_marshal_inspected_round_trip
+    expected = posts(:welcome)
+    expected.inspect
+
+    marshalled = Marshal.dump(expected)
+    actual = Marshal.load(marshalled)
+
+    assert_equal expected.attributes, actual.attributes
+  end
+
+  def test_marshal_new_record_round_trip
+    marshalled = Marshal.dump(Post.new)
+    post       = Marshal.load(marshalled)
+
+    assert post.new_record?, "should be a new record"
+  end
+
+  def test_marshalling_with_associations
+    post = Post.new
+    post.comments.build
+
+    marshalled = Marshal.dump(post)
+    post       = Marshal.load(marshalled)
+
+    assert_equal 1, post.comments.length
+  end
+
+  if current_adapter?(:Mysql2Adapter)
+    def test_marshal_load_legacy_6_0_record_mysql
+      path = File.expand_path(
+        "support/marshal_compatibility_fixtures/legacy_6_0_record_mysql.dump",
+        TEST_ROOT
+      )
+      topic = Marshal.load(File.read(path))
+
+      assert_not_predicate topic, :new_record?
+      assert_equal 1, topic.id
+      assert_equal "The First Topic", topic.title
+      assert_equal "Have a nice day", topic.content
+    end
+  end
+
+  if Process.respond_to?(:fork) && !in_memory_db?
+    def test_marshal_between_processes
+      # Define a new model to ensure there are no caches
+      if self.class.const_defined?("Post", false)
+        flunk "there should be no post constant"
+      end
+
+      self.class.const_set("Post", Class.new(ActiveRecord::Base) {
+        has_many :comments
+      })
+
+      rd, wr = IO.pipe
+      rd.binmode
+      wr.binmode
+
+      ActiveRecord::Base.connection_handler.clear_all_connections!
+
+      fork do
+        rd.close
+        post = Post.new
+        post.comments.build
+        wr.write Marshal.dump(post)
+        wr.close
+      end
+
+      wr.close
+      assert Marshal.load rd.read
+      rd.close
+    ensure
+      self.class.send(:remove_const, "Post") if self.class.const_defined?("Post", false)
+    end
+  end
+
+  def test_marshalling_new_record_round_trip_with_associations
+    post = Post.new
+    post.comments.build
+
+    post = Marshal.load(Marshal.dump(post))
+
+    assert post.new_record?, "should be a new record"
+  end
+
+  def test_attribute_names
+    expected = ["id", "type", "firm_id", "firm_name", "name", "client_of", "rating", "account_id", "description", "metadata"]
+    assert_equal expected, Company.attribute_names
+  end
+
+  def test_has_attribute
+    assert Company.has_attribute?("id")
+    assert Company.has_attribute?("type")
+    assert Company.has_attribute?("name")
+    assert Company.has_attribute?("new_name")
+    assert Company.has_attribute?("metadata")
+    assert_not Company.has_attribute?("lastname")
+    assert_not Company.has_attribute?("age")
+
+    company = Company.new
+    assert company.has_attribute?("id")
+    assert company.has_attribute?("type")
+    assert company.has_attribute?("name")
+    assert company.has_attribute?("new_name")
+    assert company.has_attribute?("metadata")
+    assert_not company.has_attribute?("lastname")
+    assert_not company.has_attribute?("age")
+  end
+
+  def test_has_attribute_with_symbol
+    assert Company.has_attribute?(:id)
+    assert Company.has_attribute?(:type)
+    assert Company.has_attribute?(:name)
+    assert Company.has_attribute?(:new_name)
+    assert Company.has_attribute?(:metadata)
+    assert_not Company.has_attribute?(:lastname)
+    assert_not Company.has_attribute?(:age)
+
+    company = Company.new
+    assert company.has_attribute?(:id)
+    assert company.has_attribute?(:type)
+    assert company.has_attribute?(:name)
+    assert company.has_attribute?(:new_name)
+    assert company.has_attribute?(:metadata)
+    assert_not company.has_attribute?(:lastname)
+    assert_not company.has_attribute?(:age)
+  end
+
+  def test_attribute_names_on_table_not_exists
+    assert_equal [], NonExistentTable.attribute_names
+  end
+
+  def test_attribute_names_on_abstract_class
+    assert_equal [], AbstractCompany.attribute_names
+  end
+
+  def test_touch_should_raise_error_on_a_new_object
+    company = Company.new(rating: 1, name: "37signals", firm_name: "37signals")
+    assert_raises(ActiveRecord::ActiveRecordError) do
+      company.touch :updated_at
+    end
+  end
+
+  def test_distinct_delegates_to_scoped
+    assert_equal Bird.all.distinct, Bird.distinct
+  end
+
+  def test_table_name_with_2_abstract_subclasses
+    assert_equal "photos", Photo.table_name
+  end
+
+  def test_column_types_typecast
+    topic = Topic.first
+    assert_not_equal "t.lo", topic.author_name
+
+    attrs = topic.attributes.dup
+    attrs.delete "id"
+
+    typecast = Class.new(ActiveRecord::Type::Value) {
+      def cast(value)
+        "t.lo"
+      end
+    }
+
+    types = { "author_name" => typecast.new }
+    topic = Topic.instantiate(attrs, types)
+
+    assert_equal "t.lo", topic.author_name
+  end
+
+  def test_typecasting_aliases
+    assert_equal 10, Topic.select("10 as tenderlove").first.tenderlove
+  end
+
+  def test_slice
+    company = Company.new(rating: 1, name: "37signals", firm_name: "37signals")
+    hash = company.slice(:name, :rating, "arbitrary_method")
+    assert_equal hash[:name], company.name
+    assert_equal hash["name"], company.name
+    assert_equal hash[:rating], company.rating
+    assert_equal hash["arbitrary_method"], company.arbitrary_method
+    assert_equal hash[:arbitrary_method], company.arbitrary_method
+    assert_nil hash[:firm_name]
+    assert_nil hash["firm_name"]
+  end
+
+  def test_slice_accepts_array_argument
+    attrs = {
+      title: "slice",
+      author_name: "@Cohen-Carlisle",
+      content: "accept arrays so I don't have to splat"
+    }.with_indifferent_access
+    topic = Topic.new(attrs)
+    assert_equal attrs, topic.slice(attrs.keys)
+  end
+
+  def test_values_at
+    company = Company.new(name: "37signals", rating: 1)
+
+    assert_equal [ "37signals", 1, "I am Jack's profound disappointment" ],
+      company.values_at(:name, :rating, :arbitrary_method)
+    assert_equal [ "I am Jack's profound disappointment", 1, "37signals" ],
+      company.values_at(:arbitrary_method, :rating, :name)
+  end
+
+  def test_values_at_accepts_array_argument
+    topic = Topic.new(title: "Budget", author_name: "Jason")
+
+    assert_equal %w( Budget Jason ), topic.values_at(%w( title author_name ))
+  end
+
+  def test_default_values_are_deeply_dupped
+    company = Company.new
+    company.description << "foo"
+    assert_equal "", Company.new.description
+  end
+
+  test "scoped can take a values hash" do
+    klass = Class.new(ActiveRecord::Base)
+    assert_equal ["foo"], klass.all.merge!(select: "foo").select_values
+  end
+
+  test "connection_handler can be overridden" do
+    klass = Class.new(ActiveRecord::Base)
+    orig_handler = klass.connection_handler
+    new_handler = ActiveRecord::ConnectionAdapters::ConnectionHandler.new
+    thread_connection_handler = nil
+
+    t = Thread.new do
+      klass.connection_handler = new_handler
+      thread_connection_handler = klass.connection_handler
+    end
+    t.join
+
+    assert_equal klass.connection_handler, orig_handler
+    assert_equal thread_connection_handler, new_handler
+  end
+
+  test "new threads get default the default connection handler" do
+    klass = Class.new(ActiveRecord::Base)
+    orig_handler = klass.connection_handler
+    handler = nil
+
+    t = Thread.new do
+      handler = klass.connection_handler
+    end
+    t.join
+
+    assert_equal handler, orig_handler
+    assert_equal klass.connection_handler, orig_handler
+    assert_equal klass.default_connection_handler, orig_handler
+  end
+
+  test "changing a connection handler in a main thread does not poison the other threads" do
+    klass = Class.new(ActiveRecord::Base)
+    orig_handler = klass.connection_handler
+    new_handler = ActiveRecord::ConnectionAdapters::ConnectionHandler.new
+    after_handler = nil
+    latch1 = Concurrent::CountDownLatch.new
+    latch2 = Concurrent::CountDownLatch.new
+
+    t = Thread.new do
+      klass.connection_handler = new_handler
+      latch1.count_down
+      latch2.wait
+      after_handler = klass.connection_handler
+    end
+
+    latch1.wait
+
+    klass.connection_handler = orig_handler
+    latch2.count_down
+    t.join
+
+    assert_equal after_handler, new_handler
+    assert_equal orig_handler, klass.connection_handler
+  end
+
+  # Note: This is a performance optimization for Array#uniq and Hash#[] with
+  # AR::Base objects. If the future has made this irrelevant, feel free to
+  # delete this.
+  test "records without an id have unique hashes" do
+    assert_not_equal Post.new.hash, Post.new.hash
+  end
+
+  test "records of different classes have different hashes" do
+    assert_not_equal Post.new(id: 1).hash, Developer.new(id: 1).hash
+  end
+
+  test "resetting column information doesn't remove attribute methods" do
+    topic = topics(:first)
+
+    assert_not_predicate topic, :id_changed?
+
+    Topic.reset_column_information
+
+    assert_not_predicate topic, :id_changed?
+  end
+
+  test "ignored columns are not present in columns_hash" do
+    cache_columns = Developer.connection.schema_cache.columns_hash(Developer.table_name)
+    assert_includes cache_columns.keys, "first_name"
+    assert_not_includes Developer.columns_hash.keys, "first_name"
+    assert_not_includes SubDeveloper.columns_hash.keys, "first_name"
+    assert_not_includes SymbolIgnoredDeveloper.columns_hash.keys, "first_name"
+  end
+
+  test ".columns_hash raises an error if the record has an empty table name" do
+    expected_message = "FirstAbstractClass has no table configured. Set one with FirstAbstractClass.table_name="
+    exception = assert_raises(ActiveRecord::TableNotSpecified) do
+      FirstAbstractClass.columns_hash
+    end
+    assert_equal expected_message, exception.message
+  end
+
+  test "ignored columns have no attribute methods" do
+    assert_not_respond_to Developer.new, :first_name
+    assert_not_respond_to Developer.new, :first_name=
+    assert_not_respond_to Developer.new, :first_name?
+    assert_not_respond_to SubDeveloper.new, :first_name
+    assert_not_respond_to SubDeveloper.new, :first_name=
+    assert_not_respond_to SubDeveloper.new, :first_name?
+    assert_not_respond_to SymbolIgnoredDeveloper.new, :first_name
+    assert_not_respond_to SymbolIgnoredDeveloper.new, :first_name=
+    assert_not_respond_to SymbolIgnoredDeveloper.new, :first_name?
+  end
+
+  test "ignored columns don't prevent explicit declaration of attribute methods" do
+    assert_respond_to Developer.new, :last_name
+    assert_respond_to Developer.new, :last_name=
+    assert_respond_to Developer.new, :last_name?
+    assert_respond_to SubDeveloper.new, :last_name
+    assert_respond_to SubDeveloper.new, :last_name=
+    assert_respond_to SubDeveloper.new, :last_name?
+    assert_respond_to SymbolIgnoredDeveloper.new, :last_name
+    assert_respond_to SymbolIgnoredDeveloper.new, :last_name=
+    assert_respond_to SymbolIgnoredDeveloper.new, :last_name?
+  end
+
+  test "ignored columns are stored as an array of string" do
+    assert_equal(%w(first_name last_name), Developer.ignored_columns)
+    assert_equal(%w(first_name last_name), SymbolIgnoredDeveloper.ignored_columns)
+  end
+
+  test "when #reload called, ignored columns' attribute methods are not defined" do
+    developer = Developer.create!(name: "Developer")
+    assert_not_respond_to developer, :first_name
+    assert_not_respond_to developer, :first_name=
+
+    developer.reload
+
+    assert_not_respond_to developer, :first_name
+    assert_not_respond_to developer, :first_name=
+  end
+
+  test "when ignored attribute is loaded, cast type should be preferred over DB type" do
+    developer = AttributedDeveloper.create
+    developer.update_column :name, "name"
+
+    loaded_developer = AttributedDeveloper.where(id: developer.id).select("*").first
+    assert_equal "Developer: name", loaded_developer.name
+  end
+
+  test "when assigning new ignored columns it invalidates cache for column names" do
+    assert_not_includes ColumnNamesCachedDeveloper.column_names, "name"
+  end
+
+  test "ignored columns not included in SELECT" do
+    query = Developer.all.to_sql.downcase
+
+    # ignored column
+    assert_not query.include?("first_name")
+
+    # regular column
+    assert query.include?("name")
+  end
+
+  test "column names are quoted when using #from clause and model has ignored columns" do
+    assert_not_empty Developer.ignored_columns
+    query = Developer.from("developers").to_sql
+    quoted_id = "#{Developer.quoted_table_name}.#{Developer.quoted_primary_key}"
+
+    assert_match(/SELECT #{Regexp.escape(quoted_id)}.* FROM developers/, query)
+  end
+
+  test "using table name qualified column names unless having SELECT list explicitly" do
+    assert_equal developers(:david), Developer.from("developers").joins(:shared_computers).take
+  end
+
+  test "protected environments by default is an array with production" do
+    assert_equal ["production"], ActiveRecord::Base.protected_environments
+  end
+
+  def test_protected_environments_are_stored_as_an_array_of_string
+    previous_protected_environments = ActiveRecord::Base.protected_environments
+    ActiveRecord::Base.protected_environments = [:staging, "production"]
+    assert_equal ["staging", "production"], ActiveRecord::Base.protected_environments
+  ensure
+    ActiveRecord::Base.protected_environments = previous_protected_environments
+  end
+
+  test "cannot call connects_to on non-abstract or non-ActiveRecord::Base classes" do
+    error = assert_raises(NotImplementedError) do
+      Bird.connects_to(database: { writing: :arunit })
+    end
+
+    assert_equal "`connects_to` can only be called on ActiveRecord::Base or abstract classes", error.message
+  end
+
+  test "cannot call connected_to on subclasses of ActiveRecord::Base with legacy connection handling" do
+    old_value = ActiveRecord::Base.legacy_connection_handling
+    ActiveRecord::Base.legacy_connection_handling = true
+
+    error = assert_raises(NotImplementedError) do
+      Bird.connected_to(role: :reading) { }
+    end
+
+    assert_equal "`connected_to` can only be called on ActiveRecord::Base with legacy connection handling.", error.message
+  ensure
+    clean_up_legacy_connection_handlers
+    ActiveRecord::Base.legacy_connection_handling = old_value
+  end
+
+  test "cannot call connected_to with role and shard on non-abstract classes" do
+    error = assert_raises(NotImplementedError) do
+      Bird.connected_to(role: :reading, shard: :default) { }
+    end
+
+    assert_equal "calling `connected_to` is only allowed on ActiveRecord::Base or abstract classes.", error.message
+  end
+
+  test "can call connected_to with role and shard on abstract classes" do
+    SecondAbstractClass.connected_to(role: :reading, shard: :default) do
+      assert SecondAbstractClass.connected_to?(role: :reading, shard: :default)
+    end
+  end
+
+  test "cannot call connected_to on the abstract class that did not establish the connection" do
+    error = assert_raises(NotImplementedError) do
+      ThirdAbstractClass.connected_to(role: :reading) { }
+    end
+
+    assert_equal "calling `connected_to` is only allowed on the abstract class that established the connection.", error.message
+  end
+
+  test "#connecting_to with role" do
+    SecondAbstractClass.connecting_to(role: :reading)
+
+    assert SecondAbstractClass.connected_to?(role: :reading)
+    assert SecondAbstractClass.current_preventing_writes
+  ensure
+    ActiveRecord::Base.connected_to_stack.pop
+  end
+
+  test "#connecting_to with role and shard" do
+    SecondAbstractClass.connecting_to(role: :reading, shard: :default)
+
+    assert SecondAbstractClass.connected_to?(role: :reading, shard: :default)
+  ensure
+    ActiveRecord::Base.connected_to_stack.pop
+  end
+
+  test "#connecting_to with prevent_writes" do
+    SecondAbstractClass.connecting_to(role: :writing, prevent_writes: true)
+
+    assert SecondAbstractClass.connected_to?(role: :writing)
+    assert SecondAbstractClass.current_preventing_writes
+  ensure
+    ActiveRecord::Base.connected_to_stack.pop
+  end
+
+  test "#connecting_to doesn't work with legacy connection handling" do
+    old_value = ActiveRecord::Base.legacy_connection_handling
+    ActiveRecord::Base.legacy_connection_handling = true
+
+    assert_raises NotImplementedError do
+      SecondAbstractClass.connecting_to(role: :writing, prevent_writes: true)
+    end
+  ensure
+    ActiveRecord::Base.legacy_connection_handling = old_value
+  end
+
+  test "#connected_to_many doesn't work with legacy connection handling" do
+    old_value = ActiveRecord::Base.legacy_connection_handling
+    ActiveRecord::Base.legacy_connection_handling = true
+
+    assert_raises NotImplementedError do
+      ActiveRecord::Base.connected_to_many([SecondAbstractClass], role: :writing)
+    end
+  ensure
+    ActiveRecord::Base.legacy_connection_handling = old_value
+  end
+
+  test "#connected_to_many cannot be called on anything but ActiveRecord::Base" do
+    assert_raises NotImplementedError do
+      SecondAbstractClass.connected_to_many([SecondAbstractClass], role: :writing)
+    end
+  end
+
+  test "#connected_to_many cannot be called with classes that include ActiveRecord::Base" do
+    assert_raises NotImplementedError do
+      ActiveRecord::Base.connected_to_many([ActiveRecord::Base], role: :writing)
+    end
+  end
+
+  test "#connected_to_many sets prevent_writes if role is reading" do
+    ActiveRecord::Base.connected_to_many([SecondAbstractClass], role: :reading) do
+      assert SecondAbstractClass.current_preventing_writes
+      assert_not ActiveRecord::Base.current_preventing_writes
+    end
+  end
+
+  test "#connected_to_many with a single argument for classes" do
+    ActiveRecord::Base.connected_to_many(SecondAbstractClass, role: :reading) do
+      assert SecondAbstractClass.current_preventing_writes
+      assert_not ActiveRecord::Base.current_preventing_writes
+    end
+  end
+
+  test "#connected_to_many with a multiple classes without brackets works" do
+    ActiveRecord::Base.connected_to_many(FirstAbstractClass, SecondAbstractClass, role: :reading) do
+      assert FirstAbstractClass.current_preventing_writes
+      assert SecondAbstractClass.current_preventing_writes
+      assert_not ActiveRecord::Base.current_preventing_writes
+    end
+  end
+end