warp-lang 1.7.0__py3-none-manylinux_2_34_aarch64.whl

warp/examples/fem/example_nonconforming_contact.py

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+# SPDX-FileCopyrightText: Copyright (c) 2024 NVIDIA CORPORATION & AFFILIATES. All rights reserved.
+# SPDX-License-Identifier: Apache-2.0
+#
+# Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+# you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+# You may obtain a copy of the License at
+#
+# http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+#
+# Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+# distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+# WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+# See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+# limitations under the License.
+
+###########################################################################
+# Example Nonconforming Contact
+#
+# This example demonstrates using nonconforming fields (warp.fem.NonconformingField)
+# to solve a no-slip contact problem between two elastic bodies discretized separately.
+#
+# Div[ E: D(u) ] = g  over each body
+# u_top = u_bottom    along the contact surface (top body bottom boundary)
+# u_bottom = 0        along the bottom boundary of the bottom body
+#
+# with E the rank-4 elasticity tensor
+#
+# Below we use a simple staggered scheme for solving bodies iteratively,
+# but more robust methods could be considered (e.g. Augmented Lagrangian)
+###########################################################################
+
+import numpy as np
+
+import warp as wp
+import warp.examples.fem.utils as fem_example_utils
+import warp.fem as fem
+
+
+@wp.func
+def compute_stress(tau: wp.mat22, E: wp.mat33):
+    """Strain to stress computation (using Voigt notation to drop tensor order)"""
+    tau_sym = wp.vec3(tau[0, 0], tau[1, 1], tau[0, 1] + tau[1, 0])
+    sig_sym = E * tau_sym
+    return wp.mat22(sig_sym[0], 0.5 * sig_sym[2], 0.5 * sig_sym[2], sig_sym[1])
+
+
+@fem.integrand
+def stress_form(s: fem.Sample, u: fem.Field, tau: fem.Field, E: wp.mat33):
+    """Stress inside body:  (E : D(u)) : tau"""
+    return wp.ddot(tau(s), compute_stress(fem.D(u, s), E))
+
+
+@fem.integrand
+def boundary_stress_form(
+    s: fem.Sample,
+    domain: fem.Domain,
+    u: fem.Field,
+    tau: fem.Field,
+):
+    """Stress on boundary: u' tau n"""
+    return wp.dot(tau(s) * fem.normal(domain, s), u(s))
+
+
+@fem.integrand
+def symmetric_grad_form(
+    s: fem.Sample,
+    u: fem.Field,
+    tau: fem.Field,
+):
+    """Symmetric part of gradient of displacement: D(u) : tau"""
+    return wp.ddot(tau(s), fem.D(u, s))
+
+
+@fem.integrand
+def gravity_form(
+    s: fem.Sample,
+    v: fem.Field,
+    gravity: float,
+):
+    return -gravity * v(s)[1]
+
+
+@fem.integrand
+def bottom_boundary_projector_form(
+    s: fem.Sample,
+    domain: fem.Domain,
+    u: fem.Field,
+    v: fem.Field,
+):
+    # non zero on bottom boundary only
+    nor = fem.normal(domain, s)
+    return wp.dot(u(s), v(s)) * wp.max(0.0, -nor[1])
+
+
+@fem.integrand
+def tensor_mass_form(
+    s: fem.Sample,
+    sig: fem.Field,
+    tau: fem.Field,
+):
+    return wp.ddot(tau(s), sig(s))
+
+
+class Example:
+    def __init__(
+        self,
+        degree=2,
+        resolution=16,
+        young_modulus=1.0,
+        poisson_ratio=0.5,
+        nonconforming_stresses=False,
+    ):
+        self._geo1 = fem.Grid2D(bounds_hi=wp.vec2(1.0, 0.5), res=wp.vec2i(resolution))
+        self._geo2 = fem.Grid2D(bounds_lo=(0.33, 0.5), bounds_hi=(0.67, 0.5 + 0.33), res=wp.vec2i(resolution))
+
+        # Strain-stress matrix
+        young = young_modulus
+        poisson = poisson_ratio
+        self._elasticity_mat = wp.mat33(
+            young
+            / (1.0 - poisson * poisson)
+            * np.array(
+                [
+                    [1.0, poisson, 0.0],
+                    [poisson, 1.0, 0.0],
+                    [0.0, 0.0, (2.0 * (1.0 + poisson)) * (1.0 - poisson * poisson)],
+                ]
+            )
+        )
+
+        # Displacement spaces and fields -- S_k
+        self._u1_space = fem.make_polynomial_space(
+            self._geo1, degree=degree, dtype=wp.vec2, element_basis=fem.ElementBasis.SERENDIPITY
+        )
+        self._u2_space = fem.make_polynomial_space(
+            self._geo2, degree=degree, dtype=wp.vec2, element_basis=fem.ElementBasis.SERENDIPITY
+        )
+        self._u1_field = self._u1_space.make_field()
+        self._u2_field = self._u2_space.make_field()
+
+        # Stress spaces and fields -- Q_{k-1}d
+        # Store stress degrees of freedom as symmetric tensors (3 dof) rather than full 2x2 matrices
+        self._tau1_space = fem.make_polynomial_space(
+            self._geo1,
+            degree=degree - 1,
+            discontinuous=True,
+            element_basis=fem.ElementBasis.LAGRANGE,
+            dof_mapper=fem.SymmetricTensorMapper(wp.mat22),
+        )
+        self._tau2_space = fem.make_polynomial_space(
+            self._geo2,
+            degree=degree - 1,
+            discontinuous=True,
+            element_basis=fem.ElementBasis.LAGRANGE,
+            dof_mapper=fem.SymmetricTensorMapper(wp.mat22),
+        )
+
+        self._sig1_field = self._tau1_space.make_field()
+        self._sig2_field = self._tau2_space.make_field()
+        self._sig2_field_new = self._tau2_space.make_field()
+
+        self.renderer = fem_example_utils.Plot()
+
+    def step(self):
+        # Solve for the two bodies separately
+        # Body (top) is 25x more dense and 5x stiffer than top body
+        # Body 1 affects body 2 through bottom displacement dirichlet BC
+        # Body 2 affects body 1 through applied strain on top
+        self.solve_solid(self._u1_field, self._sig1_field, self._u2_field, self._sig2_field, gravity=1.0, stiffness=1.0)
+        self.solve_solid(
+            self._u2_field, self._sig2_field_new, self._u1_field, self._sig1_field, gravity=25.0, stiffness=5.0
+        )
+
+        # Damped update of coupling stress (for stability)
+        alpha = 0.1
+        fem.utils.array_axpy(
+            x=self._sig2_field_new.dof_values, y=self._sig2_field.dof_values, alpha=alpha, beta=1.0 - alpha
+        )
+
+    def solve_solid(
+        self,
+        u_field,
+        stress_field,
+        other_u_field,
+        other_stress_field,
+        gravity: float,
+        stiffness: float,
+    ):
+        u_space = u_field.space
+        stress_space = stress_field.space
+        geo = u_field.space.geometry
+
+        domain = fem.Cells(geometry=geo)
+        boundary = fem.BoundarySides(geometry=geo)
+
+        u_test = fem.make_test(space=u_space, domain=domain)
+        u_trial = fem.make_trial(space=u_space, domain=domain)
+        tau_test = fem.make_test(space=stress_space, domain=domain)
+        tau_trial = fem.make_trial(space=stress_space, domain=domain)
+
+        u_bd_test = fem.make_test(space=u_space, domain=boundary)
+        u_bd_trial = fem.make_trial(space=u_space, domain=boundary)
+
+        # Assemble stiffness matrix
+        # (Note: this is constant per body, this could be precomputed)
+        sym_grad_matrix = fem.integrate(symmetric_grad_form, fields={"u": u_trial, "tau": tau_test})
+
+        tau_inv_mass_matrix = fem.integrate(tensor_mass_form, fields={"sig": tau_trial, "tau": tau_test}, nodal=True)
+        fem_example_utils.invert_diagonal_bsr_matrix(tau_inv_mass_matrix)
+
+        stress_matrix = tau_inv_mass_matrix @ fem.integrate(
+            stress_form, fields={"u": u_trial, "tau": tau_test}, values={"E": self._elasticity_mat * stiffness}
+        )
+        stiffness_matrix = sym_grad_matrix.transpose() @ stress_matrix
+
+        # Right-hand-side
+        u_rhs = fem.integrate(gravity_form, fields={"v": u_test}, values={"gravity": gravity}, output_dtype=wp.vec2d)
+
+        # Add boundary stress from other solid field
+        other_stress_field = fem.field.field.NonconformingField(boundary, other_stress_field)
+        fem.integrate(
+            boundary_stress_form,
+            fields={"u": u_bd_test, "tau": other_stress_field},
+            output=u_rhs,
+            add=True,
+        )
+
+        # Enforce boundary conditions
+        u_bd_matrix = fem.integrate(
+            bottom_boundary_projector_form, fields={"u": u_bd_trial, "v": u_bd_test}, nodal=True
+        )
+
+        # read displacement from other body set create bottom boundary Dirichlet BC
+        other_u_field = fem.field.field.NonconformingField(boundary, other_u_field)
+        u_bd_rhs = fem.integrate(
+            bottom_boundary_projector_form, fields={"u": other_u_field, "v": u_bd_test}, nodal=True
+        )
+
+        fem.project_linear_system(stiffness_matrix, u_rhs, u_bd_matrix, u_bd_rhs)
+
+        # solve
+        x = wp.zeros_like(u_rhs)
+        wp.utils.array_cast(in_array=u_field.dof_values, out_array=x)
+        fem_example_utils.bsr_cg(stiffness_matrix, b=u_rhs, x=x, tol=1.0e-6, quiet=True)
+
+        # Extract result
+        stress = stress_matrix @ x
+        wp.utils.array_cast(in_array=x, out_array=u_field.dof_values)
+        wp.utils.array_cast(in_array=stress, out_array=stress_field.dof_values)
+
+    def render(self):
+        self.renderer.add_field("u1", self._u1_field)
+        self.renderer.add_field("u2", self._u2_field)
+        self.renderer.add_field("sig1", self._sig1_field)
+        self.renderer.add_field("sig2", self._sig2_field)
+
+
+if __name__ == "__main__":
+    import argparse
+
+    wp.set_module_options({"enable_backward": False})
+
+    parser = argparse.ArgumentParser(formatter_class=argparse.ArgumentDefaultsHelpFormatter)
+    parser.add_argument("--device", type=str, default=None, help="Override the default Warp device.")
+    parser.add_argument("--resolution", type=int, default=32, help="Grid resolution.")
+    parser.add_argument("--degree", type=int, default=2, help="Polynomial degree of shape functions.")
+    parser.add_argument("--young_modulus", type=float, default=10.0)
+    parser.add_argument("--poisson_ratio", type=float, default=0.9)
+    parser.add_argument("--num_steps", type=int, default=50)
+    parser.add_argument(
+        "--headless",
+        action="store_true",
+        help="Run in headless mode, suppressing the opening of any graphical windows.",
+    )
+
+    args = parser.parse_known_args()[0]
+
+    with wp.ScopedDevice(args.device):
+        example = Example(
+            degree=args.degree,
+            resolution=args.resolution,
+            young_modulus=args.young_modulus,
+            poisson_ratio=args.poisson_ratio,
+        )
+
+        for i in range(args.num_steps):
+            print("Step", i)
+            example.step()
+            example.render()
+
+        if not args.headless:
+            example.renderer.plot(
+                {
+                    "rows": 2,
+                    "u1": {"displacement": {}},
+                    "u2": {"displacement": {}},
+                },
+            )

warp/examples/fem/example_stokes.py

@@ -0,0 +1,213 @@
+# SPDX-FileCopyrightText: Copyright (c) 2022 NVIDIA CORPORATION & AFFILIATES. All rights reserved.
+# SPDX-License-Identifier: Apache-2.0
+#
+# Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+# you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+# You may obtain a copy of the License at
+#
+# http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+#
+# Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+# distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+# WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+# See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+# limitations under the License.
+
+###########################################################################
+# Example Stokes
+#
+# This example solves a 2D Stokes flow problem
+#
+# -nu D(u) + grad p = 0
+# Div u = 0
+#
+# with (soft) velocity-Dirichlet boundary conditions
+###########################################################################
+
+import warp as wp
+import warp.examples.fem.utils as fem_example_utils
+import warp.fem as fem
+from warp.fem.utils import array_axpy
+
+
+@fem.integrand
+def viscosity_form(s: fem.Sample, u: fem.Field, v: fem.Field, nu: float):
+    return nu * wp.ddot(fem.D(u, s), fem.D(v, s))
+
+
+@fem.integrand
+def top_mass_form(
+    s: fem.Sample,
+    domain: fem.Domain,
+    u: fem.Field,
+    v: fem.Field,
+):
+    # non zero on top boundary of domain only
+    nor = fem.normal(domain, s)
+    return wp.dot(u(s), v(s)) * wp.max(0.0, nor[1])
+
+
+@fem.integrand
+def mass_form(
+    s: fem.Sample,
+    u: fem.Field,
+    v: fem.Field,
+):
+    return wp.dot(u(s), v(s))
+
+
+@fem.integrand
+def div_form(
+    s: fem.Sample,
+    u: fem.Field,
+    q: fem.Field,
+):
+    return q(s) * fem.div(u, s)
+
+
+class Example:
+    def __init__(
+        self,
+        quiet=False,
+        mesh="grid",
+        degree=2,
+        resolution=50,
+        viscosity=1.0,
+        top_velocity=1.0,
+        boundary_strength=100.0,
+        nonconforming_pressures=False,
+    ):
+        self._quiet = quiet
+
+        self.viscosity = viscosity
+        self.boundary_strength = boundary_strength
+
+        # Grid or triangle mesh geometry
+        if mesh == "tri":
+            positions, tri_vidx = fem_example_utils.gen_trimesh(res=wp.vec2i(resolution))
+            geo = fem.Trimesh2D(tri_vertex_indices=tri_vidx, positions=positions)
+        elif mesh == "quad":
+            positions, quad_vidx = fem_example_utils.gen_quadmesh(res=wp.vec2i(resolution))
+            geo = fem.Quadmesh2D(quad_vertex_indices=quad_vidx, positions=positions)
+        else:
+            geo = fem.Grid2D(res=wp.vec2i(resolution))
+
+        # Function spaces -- Q_d for vel, P_{d-1} for pressure
+        u_space = fem.make_polynomial_space(geo, degree=degree, dtype=wp.vec2)
+        if mesh != "tri" and nonconforming_pressures:
+            p_space = fem.make_polynomial_space(
+                geo, degree=degree - 1, element_basis=fem.ElementBasis.NONCONFORMING_POLYNOMIAL
+            )
+        else:
+            p_space = fem.make_polynomial_space(geo, degree=degree - 1)
+
+        # Vector and scalar fields
+        self._u_field = u_space.make_field()
+        self._p_field = p_space.make_field()
+
+        self._bd_field = fem.UniformField(domain=fem.BoundarySides(geo), value=wp.vec2(top_velocity, 0.0))
+
+        self.renderer = fem_example_utils.Plot()
+
+    def step(self):
+        u_space = self._u_field.space
+        p_space = self._p_field.space
+        geo = u_space.geometry
+
+        domain = fem.Cells(geometry=geo)
+        boundary = fem.BoundarySides(geo)
+
+        # Viscosity
+        u_test = fem.make_test(space=u_space, domain=domain)
+        u_trial = fem.make_trial(space=u_space, domain=domain)
+
+        u_visc_matrix = fem.integrate(
+            viscosity_form,
+            fields={"u": u_trial, "v": u_test},
+            values={"nu": self.viscosity},
+        )
+
+        # Weak velocity boundary conditions
+        u_bd_test = fem.make_test(space=u_space, domain=boundary)
+        u_bd_trial = fem.make_trial(space=u_space, domain=boundary)
+        u_rhs = fem.integrate(top_mass_form, fields={"u": self._bd_field, "v": u_bd_test}, output_dtype=wp.vec2d)
+        u_bd_matrix = fem.integrate(mass_form, fields={"u": u_bd_trial, "v": u_bd_test})
+
+        # Pressure-velocity coupling
+        p_test = fem.make_test(space=p_space, domain=domain)
+        div_matrix = fem.integrate(div_form, fields={"u": u_trial, "q": p_test})
+
+        # Define and solve the saddle-point system
+        u_matrix = u_visc_matrix
+        u_matrix += self.boundary_strength * u_bd_matrix
+        array_axpy(x=u_rhs, y=u_rhs, alpha=0.0, beta=self.boundary_strength)
+
+        p_rhs = wp.zeros(p_space.node_count(), dtype=wp.float64)
+        x_u = wp.zeros_like(u_rhs)
+        x_p = wp.zeros_like(p_rhs)
+
+        fem_example_utils.bsr_solve_saddle(
+            fem_example_utils.SaddleSystem(A=u_matrix, B=div_matrix),
+            x_u=x_u,
+            x_p=x_p,
+            b_u=u_rhs,
+            b_p=p_rhs,
+            quiet=self._quiet,
+        )
+
+        wp.utils.array_cast(in_array=x_u, out_array=self._u_field.dof_values)
+        wp.utils.array_cast(in_array=x_p, out_array=self._p_field.dof_values)
+
+    def render(self):
+        self.renderer.add_field("pressure", self._p_field)
+        self.renderer.add_field("velocity", self._u_field)
+
+
+if __name__ == "__main__":
+    import argparse
+
+    wp.set_module_options({"enable_backward": False})
+
+    parser = argparse.ArgumentParser(formatter_class=argparse.ArgumentDefaultsHelpFormatter)
+    parser.add_argument("--device", type=str, default=None, help="Override the default Warp device.")
+    parser.add_argument("--resolution", type=int, default=50, help="Grid resolution.")
+    parser.add_argument("--degree", type=int, default=2, help="Polynomial degree of shape functions.")
+    parser.add_argument(
+        "--top_velocity",
+        type=float,
+        default=1.0,
+        help="Horizontal velocity initial condition at the top of the domain.",
+    )
+    parser.add_argument("--viscosity", type=float, default=1.0, help="Fluid viscosity parameter.")
+    parser.add_argument("--boundary_strength", type=float, default=100.0, help="Soft boundary condition strength.")
+    parser.add_argument("--mesh", choices=("grid", "tri", "quad"), default="grid", help="Mesh type.")
+    parser.add_argument(
+        "--nonconforming_pressures", action="store_true", help="For grid, use non-conforming pressure (Q_d/P_{d-1})."
+    )
+    parser.add_argument(
+        "--headless",
+        action="store_true",
+        help="Run in headless mode, suppressing the opening of any graphical windows.",
+    )
+    parser.add_argument("--quiet", action="store_true", help="Suppresses the printing out of iteration residuals.")
+
+    args = parser.parse_known_args()[0]
+
+    with wp.ScopedDevice(args.device):
+        example = Example(
+            quiet=args.quiet,
+            mesh=args.mesh,
+            degree=args.degree,
+            resolution=args.resolution,
+            viscosity=args.viscosity,
+            top_velocity=args.top_velocity,
+            boundary_strength=args.boundary_strength,
+            nonconforming_pressures=args.nonconforming_pressures,
+        )
+        example.step()
+        example.render()
+
+        if not args.headless:
+            example.renderer.plot(
+                options={"velocity": {"streamlines": {}}, "pressure": {"contours": {}}}, backend="matplotlib"
+            )