vllm-cpu 0.12.0__cp313-cp313-manylinux_2_17_aarch64.whl

vllm/distributed/eplb/eplb_state.py

@@ -0,0 +1,1154 @@
+# SPDX-License-Identifier: Apache-2.0
+# SPDX-FileCopyrightText: Copyright contributors to the vLLM project
+"""
+Expert parallelism load balancer (EPLB) metrics and states.
+
+# Glossary
+
+- **Logical Expert**: An expert that is part of the model's logical structure.
+  It holds a set of weights and is replicated across multiple physical
+  experts.
+- **Redundant Expert**: To achieve load balancing, for some popular logical
+  experts, we create additional copies of the expert weights. During inference,
+  each of these copies can be routed to by the same set of tokens.
+- **Physical Expert**: An expert that is instantiated on a specific device.
+  It is a replica of a logical expert and can be rearranged across devices.
+  I.e., one logical expert may have multiple sets of weights initialized on
+  different devices, and each of these sets is a physical expert.
+- **Local Physical Expert**: A physical expert that is instantiated on the
+  current device.
+
+For example: DeepSeek-R1 has 256 logical experts, so each MoE layer
+has 256 sets of linear layer weights in the model parameters. If we add 32
+redundant experts, DeepSeek-R1 will have 256 + 32 = 288 physical experts in
+total. And when deploying, we'll have 288 sets of linear layer weights for each
+MoE layer. If we have 32 EP ranks, then each GPU will hold 288 / 32 = 9 local
+physical experts.
+"""
+
+import threading
+import time
+from collections.abc import Sequence
+from dataclasses import dataclass
+
+import torch
+from torch.distributed import ProcessGroup, all_reduce
+
+from vllm.config import ModelConfig, ParallelConfig
+from vllm.distributed.parallel_state import (
+    get_ep_group,
+    get_node_count,
+    in_the_same_node_as,
+)
+from vllm.distributed.utils import StatelessProcessGroup
+from vllm.logger import init_logger
+from vllm.model_executor.models.interfaces import MixtureOfExperts
+
+from .async_worker import start_async_worker
+from .rebalance_algo import rebalance_experts
+from .rebalance_execute import move_from_buffer, rearrange_expert_weights_inplace
+
+logger = init_logger(__name__)
+
+
+@dataclass
+class EplbModelState:
+    """EPLB metrics."""
+
+    physical_to_logical_map: torch.Tensor
+    """
+    Mapping from physical experts to logical experts.
+
+    Shape: (num_moe_layers, num_physical_experts)
+
+    # Example
+
+    For a 2-layer MoE model with 6 physical experts and 4 logical experts on 3
+    EP ranks, the mapping could look like this:
+
+    ```
+    [[0, 1, 2, 3, 0, 1],
+     [0, 2, 0, 1, 0, 3]]
+    ```
+    """
+    logical_to_physical_map: torch.Tensor
+    """
+    Mapping from logical experts to physical experts.
+
+    This is a sparse matrix, where -1 indicates no mapping.
+
+    Shape: (num_moe_layers, num_logical_experts, num_redundant_experts + 1)
+
+    # Example
+
+    For a 2-layer MoE model with 6 physical experts and 4 logical experts on 3
+    EP ranks, the mapping could look like this:
+
+    ```
+    [[[0, 4, -1],
+      [1, 5, -1],
+      [2, -1, -1],
+      [3, -1, -1]],
+     [[0, 2, 4],
+      [3, -1, -1],
+      [1, -1, -1],
+      [5, -1, -1]]]
+    ```
+    """
+    logical_replica_count: torch.Tensor
+    """
+    Number of replicas for each logical expert.
+    This is exactly the non-`-1` count in the `logical_to_physical_map`.
+
+    Shape: (num_moe_layers, num_logical_experts)
+
+    # Example
+    For a 2-layer MoE model with 6 physical experts and 4 logical experts on 3
+    EP ranks, the count could look like this:
+
+    ```
+    [[2, 2, 1, 1],
+     [3, 1, 1, 1]]
+    """
+
+    expert_load_pass: torch.Tensor
+    """
+    Expert load during this forward pass. 
+    We use the token count each expert processes as the load.
+
+    Shape: (num_moe_layers, num_physical_experts)
+    """
+    expert_load_window: torch.Tensor
+    """
+    A sliding window of expert load.
+
+    Shape: (window_size, num_moe_layers, num_physical_experts)
+
+    NOTE: The expert_load_view now records load for all physical experts
+    rather than just local experts. This ensures consistent load statistics
+    across different dispatch methods (naive all-to-all, DeepEP, pplx-kernels).
+    The recorded load will be multiplied by dp_size when using naive all-to-all
+    due to each DP rank contributing the same token set to the calculation.
+    See:
+    https://github.com/vllm-project/vllm/pull/22167#pullrequestreview-3086143856
+    """
+    model_name: str
+    model: MixtureOfExperts
+    expert_buffer: list[torch.Tensor]
+    """
+    The buffer to store the expert weights during transfer.
+    """
+    buffer_lock: threading.Lock
+    """
+    The lock to protect the expert buffer.
+    """
+    buffer_ready_event: torch.cuda.Event | None
+    """
+    CUDA event recorded when the async worker finishes filling the buffer.
+    The main thread waits on this before consuming the buffer.
+    """
+    ep_buffer_ready: int
+    """
+    The flag indicates whether the expert buffer is ready for transfer.
+    0 or 1.
+    """
+    layer_to_transfer: int
+    """
+    The layer index to transfer in async mode.
+    """
+    rebalanced: bool
+    """
+    The flag indicates whether the experts rebalance have been computed.
+    """
+    pending_global_ready_check: bool
+    """
+    Whether the async EPLB needs to poll peers for buffer readiness.
+    """
+    is_unchanged: list[bool]
+    """
+    intermediate variable between `move_to_buffer` and `move_to_workspace`.
+    The size is same as the num of physical experts in the current layer.
+    """
+    is_received_locally: list[bool]
+    """
+    intermediate variable between `move_to_buffer` and `move_to_workspace`.
+    The size is same as the num of physical experts in the current layer.
+    """
+    experts_recv_loc: dict[int, int]
+    """
+    intermediate variable between `move_to_buffer` and `move_to_workspace`.
+    The size is same as the num of physical experts in the current layer.
+    """
+    is_async_enabled: bool
+    """
+    The flag indicates whether the EPLB is running in async mode.
+    """
+    cuda_device_index: int | None
+    """
+    CUDA device index for the async EPLB worker thread.
+    """
+    new_physical_to_logical_map: torch.Tensor | None = None
+    """
+    intermediate variable between `move_to_buffer` and `move_to_workspace`.
+    the size is same as physical_to_logical_map
+    """
+    new_logical_to_physical_map: torch.Tensor | None = None
+    """
+    intermediate variable between `move_to_buffer` and `move_to_workspace`.
+    the size is same as logical_to_physical_map
+    """
+    new_logical_replica_count: torch.Tensor | None = None
+    """
+    intermediate variable between `move_to_buffer` and `move_to_workspace`.
+    the size is same as logical_replica_count
+    """
+
+
+class EplbState:
+    """
+    EplbState of each expert parallel model. Key is the model config hash.
+    """
+
+    def __init__(self, parallel_config: ParallelConfig, device: torch.device):
+        self.parallel_config = parallel_config
+        self.device = device
+        self.model_states: dict[str, EplbModelState] = {}
+        """
+        Current step in the sliding window.
+
+        Different from `expert_rearrangement_step`, 
+        each EP rank may have its own `expert_load_window_step`.
+        """
+        self.expert_load_window_step: int = 0
+        """
+        Size of the expert load sliding window.
+        This is a constant and is taken from the config.
+        """
+        self.expert_load_window_size: int = 0
+        """
+        Steps after last rearrangement.
+        Will trigger a rearrangement if it exceeds the threshold.
+
+        NOTE: Keep in mind that all EP ranks need to have the same
+        `expert_rearrangement_step` value to ensure synchronization.
+        Otherwise, the rearrangement will hang at collective
+        communication calls.
+        """
+        self.expert_rearrangement_step_interval: int = 0
+        """
+        Interval for expert rearrangement steps.
+        This is a constant and is taken from the config.
+        """
+        self.is_async: bool = False
+        """
+        The flag indicates whether the EPLB is running in async mode.
+        """
+        self.rearrange_event = threading.Event()
+        """
+        Event to signal when a new rearrangement is needed for the async thread.
+        """
+        self.async_worker: threading.Thread | None = None
+        """
+        Background thread handling async transfers.
+        """
+        self.cuda_device_index: int | None = None
+        """
+        CUDA device index for the async EPLB worker thread.
+        """
+        if self.device.type == "cuda":
+            self.cuda_device_index = self.device.index
+            if self.cuda_device_index is None and torch.cuda.is_available():
+                self.cuda_device_index = torch.cuda.current_device()
+
+    @staticmethod
+    def build_initial_global_physical_to_logical_map(
+        num_routed_experts: int,
+        num_redundant_experts: int,
+    ) -> Sequence[int]:
+        """
+        Build an initial expert arrangement using the following structure:
+        [original routed experts, redundant experts]
+
+        Returns:
+            physical_to_logical_map (Sequence[int]): A list of integers,
+                where each integer is the index of the logical expert
+                that the corresponding physical expert maps to.
+        """
+        global_physical_to_logical_map = list(range(num_routed_experts))
+        global_physical_to_logical_map += [
+            i % num_routed_experts for i in range(num_redundant_experts)
+        ]
+        return global_physical_to_logical_map
+
+    def validate_ep_configuration(self, new_model: MixtureOfExperts):
+        """
+        Validate that the expert parallel configuration of
+        the new model is the same as the existing models.
+        """
+        if len(self.model_states) > 0:
+            model = next(iter(self.model_states.values())).model
+            if (
+                model.num_routed_experts != new_model.num_routed_experts
+                or model.num_redundant_experts != new_model.num_redundant_experts
+                or model.num_physical_experts != new_model.num_physical_experts
+                or model.num_logical_experts != new_model.num_logical_experts
+                or model.num_expert_groups != new_model.num_expert_groups
+            ):
+                raise RuntimeError(
+                    "Model: {} "
+                    "with config {} "
+                    "{} {} {} {} "
+                    "mismatch with new model {} "
+                    "with config {} "
+                    "{} {} {} {}".format(
+                        type(model),
+                        model.num_routed_experts,
+                        model.num_redundant_experts,
+                        model.num_physical_experts,
+                        model.num_logical_experts,
+                        model.num_expert_groups,
+                        type(new_model),
+                        new_model.num_routed_experts,
+                        new_model.num_redundant_experts,
+                        new_model.num_physical_experts,
+                        new_model.num_logical_experts,
+                        new_model.num_expert_groups,
+                    )
+                )
+
+    def add_model(
+        self,
+        model: MixtureOfExperts,
+        model_config: ModelConfig,
+        global_expert_load: torch.Tensor | None = None,
+        old_global_expert_indices: torch.Tensor | None = None,
+        rank_mapping: dict[int, int] | None = None,
+    ):
+        """
+        Build the initial EPLB state.
+        """
+        self.validate_ep_configuration(model)
+        self.is_async = self.parallel_config.eplb_config.use_async
+
+        physical_to_logical_map_list = (
+            EplbState.build_initial_global_physical_to_logical_map(
+                model.num_routed_experts,
+                model.num_redundant_experts,
+            )
+        )
+        physical_to_logical_map = torch.tensor(
+            physical_to_logical_map_list,
+            device=self.device,
+        )
+        # Assuming 8 GPUs per node, this supports up to
+        # (1023 + 1) / 8 = 128 nodes for now.
+        # TODO(rui): make this configurable
+        MAX_EXPERT_REDUNDANCY = 1023
+        assert model.num_redundant_experts <= MAX_EXPERT_REDUNDANCY, (
+            f"num_redundant_experts {model.num_redundant_experts} "
+            f"must be less than or equal to {MAX_EXPERT_REDUNDANCY}"
+        )
+        max_slots_per_logical_expert = MAX_EXPERT_REDUNDANCY + 1
+        logical_to_physical_map = torch.full(
+            (model.num_logical_experts, max_slots_per_logical_expert),
+            -1,
+            device=self.device,
+        )
+        logical_replica_count = torch.zeros(
+            (model.num_logical_experts,),
+            device=self.device,
+            dtype=torch.long,
+        )
+
+        for i in range(model.num_physical_experts):
+            logical_idx = physical_to_logical_map[i]
+            logical_to_physical_map[logical_idx, logical_replica_count[logical_idx]] = i
+            logical_replica_count[logical_idx] += 1
+
+        # Duplicate initial mapping for all layers
+        physical_to_logical_map = (
+            physical_to_logical_map.unsqueeze(0)
+            .expand(
+                model.num_moe_layers,
+                -1,
+            )
+            .contiguous()
+        )
+        logical_to_physical_map = (
+            logical_to_physical_map.unsqueeze(0)
+            .expand(
+                model.num_moe_layers,
+                -1,
+                -1,
+            )
+            .contiguous()
+        )
+        logical_replica_count = (
+            logical_replica_count.unsqueeze(0)
+            .expand(
+                model.num_moe_layers,
+                -1,
+            )
+            .contiguous()
+        )
+
+        expert_load_pass = torch.zeros(
+            (model.num_moe_layers, model.num_physical_experts),
+            dtype=torch.int32,
+            device=self.device,
+        )
+        self.expert_load_window_size = self.parallel_config.eplb_config.window_size
+        expert_load_window = torch.zeros(
+            (
+                self.expert_load_window_size,
+                model.num_moe_layers,
+                model.num_physical_experts,
+            ),
+            dtype=torch.int32,
+            device=self.device,
+        )
+
+        # Set the initial progress of rearrangement to 3/4
+        eplb_step_interval = self.parallel_config.eplb_config.step_interval
+        self.expert_rearrangement_step = max(
+            0, eplb_step_interval - eplb_step_interval // 4
+        )
+        self.expert_rearrangement_step_interval = eplb_step_interval
+
+        if global_expert_load is not None:
+            ep_group = get_ep_group().device_group
+            assert global_expert_load.shape == (
+                model.num_moe_layers,
+                model.num_logical_experts,
+            )
+            assert global_expert_load.dtype == torch.int64
+
+            num_replicas = model.num_physical_experts
+            num_groups = model.num_expert_groups
+            num_nodes = get_node_count()
+            num_gpus = ep_group.size()
+
+            if num_gpus % num_nodes != 0:
+                num_nodes = 1
+                logger.warning_once(
+                    f"num_gpus % num_nodes != 0, "
+                    "not using hierarchical rearrangement algorithm.\n"
+                    f"{num_gpus=}, {num_nodes=}"
+                )
+
+            # Get new expert mappings
+            (
+                new_physical_to_logical_map,
+                new_logical_to_physical_map,
+                new_logical_replica_count,
+            ) = rebalance_experts(
+                global_expert_load,
+                num_replicas,
+                num_groups,
+                num_nodes,
+                num_gpus,
+            )
+
+            max_physical_slots = new_logical_to_physical_map.shape[-1]
+            assert max_physical_slots <= logical_to_physical_map.shape[-1]
+            new_logical_to_physical_map = torch.nn.functional.pad(
+                new_logical_to_physical_map,
+                (0, logical_to_physical_map.shape[-1] - max_physical_slots),
+                value=-1,
+            )
+            physical_to_logical_map = new_physical_to_logical_map.to(self.device)
+            logical_to_physical_map.copy_(new_logical_to_physical_map)
+            logical_replica_count.copy_(new_logical_replica_count)
+        else:
+            new_physical_to_logical_map = None
+
+            new_logical_to_physical_map = None
+
+            new_logical_replica_count = None
+        model.set_eplb_state(
+            expert_load_pass,
+            logical_to_physical_map,
+            logical_replica_count,
+        )
+        if global_expert_load is not None:
+            rearrange_expert_weights_inplace(
+                old_global_expert_indices,
+                new_physical_to_logical_map,
+                model.expert_weights,
+                ep_group,
+                False,
+                rank_mapping,
+            )
+            self.expert_rearrangement_step = 0
+
+        expert_buffer = [torch.empty_like(w) for w in model.expert_weights[0]]
+
+        model_state = EplbModelState(
+            physical_to_logical_map=physical_to_logical_map,
+            logical_to_physical_map=logical_to_physical_map,
+            logical_replica_count=logical_replica_count,
+            expert_load_pass=expert_load_pass,
+            expert_load_window=expert_load_window,
+            model_name=model_config.model,
+            model=model,
+            expert_buffer=expert_buffer,
+            buffer_lock=threading.Lock(),
+            buffer_ready_event=None,
+            ep_buffer_ready=0,
+            layer_to_transfer=0,
+            rebalanced=False,
+            pending_global_ready_check=False,
+            is_unchanged=[],
+            is_received_locally=[],
+            experts_recv_loc={},
+            is_async_enabled=self.is_async,
+            cuda_device_index=self.cuda_device_index,
+            new_physical_to_logical_map=new_physical_to_logical_map,
+            new_logical_to_physical_map=new_logical_to_physical_map,
+            new_logical_replica_count=new_logical_replica_count,
+        )
+        self.model_states[model_config.compute_hash()] = model_state
+
+    def step(
+        self,
+        is_dummy: bool = False,
+        is_profile: bool = False,
+        log_stats: bool = False,
+    ) -> None:
+        """
+        Step the EPLB state.
+
+        Args:
+            is_dummy (bool): If `True`, this is a dummy step and the load
+                metrics recorded in this forward pass will not count.
+                Defaults to `False`.
+            is_profile (bool): If `True`, perform a dummy rearrangement
+                with maximum communication cost. This is used in
+                `profile_run` to reserve enough memory
+                for the communication buffer.
+            log_stats (bool): If `True`, log the expert load metrics.
+
+        # Stats
+            The metrics are all summed up across layers.
+            - `avg_tokens`: The average load across ranks.
+            - `max_tokens`: The maximum load across ranks.
+            - `balancedness`: The ratio of average load to maximum load.
+        """
+        ep_group = get_ep_group().device_group
+        if is_profile:
+            self.rearrange(is_profile=True)
+            return
+
+        if is_dummy:
+            # Do not record load metrics for dummy steps
+            for eplb_model_state in self.model_states.values():
+                eplb_model_state.expert_load_pass.zero_()
+
+        if log_stats:
+            # Sync the expert load pass for each model (main and drafter).
+            # expert_load_pass: (num_moe_layers, num_physical_experts)
+            expert_load_pass_list = self._sync_load_pass()
+            ep_group = get_ep_group().device_group
+            for expert_load_pass, eplb_model_state in zip(
+                expert_load_pass_list, self.model_states.values()
+            ):
+                # num_tokens_per_rank: (num_moe_layers, num_ranks)
+                num_tokens_per_rank = (
+                    expert_load_pass.reshape(
+                        expert_load_pass.shape[0], ep_group.size(), -1
+                    )
+                    .sum(dim=-1)
+                    .float()
+                )
+
+                # Compute balancedness ratio:
+                # for each layer:
+                #   (mean load across ranks) / (max load across ranks)
+                avg_tokens_tensor = num_tokens_per_rank.mean(dim=0).sum(dim=0)
+                max_tokens_tensor = num_tokens_per_rank.max(dim=0).values.sum(dim=0)
+
+                # Just to make type checker happy
+                tokens_tensors: list[float] = torch.stack(
+                    [avg_tokens_tensor, max_tokens_tensor]
+                ).tolist()
+                avg_tokens, max_tokens = tokens_tensors
+                balancedness = avg_tokens / max_tokens if max_tokens > 0 else 0.0
+
+                if ep_group.rank() == 0:
+                    logger.info(
+                        "EPLB step: %d for model %s: avg_tokens=%.2f, "
+                        "max_tokens=%d, balancedness=%.4f",
+                        self.expert_rearrangement_step,
+                        eplb_model_state.model_name,
+                        avg_tokens,
+                        max_tokens,
+                        balancedness,
+                    )
+
+        # Update the expert load sliding window
+        if not is_dummy:
+            for eplb_model_state in self.model_states.values():
+                eplb_model_state.expert_load_window[self.expert_load_window_step] = (
+                    eplb_model_state.expert_load_pass.clone()
+                )
+                eplb_model_state.expert_load_pass.zero_()
+
+            self.expert_load_window_step += 1
+            if self.expert_load_window_step >= self.expert_load_window_size:
+                self.expert_load_window_step = 0
+
+        # Step the expert rearrangement step
+        # Note that even if this is a dummy step, we still increment the
+        # rearrangement step and perform rearrangement to ensure all ranks are
+        # performing collective communication.
+        self.expert_rearrangement_step += 1
+
+        if self.is_async:
+            for eplb_model_state in self.model_states.values():
+                if not eplb_model_state.is_async_enabled:
+                    continue
+
+                all_ranks_buffer_ready = False
+                if eplb_model_state.pending_global_ready_check:
+                    all_ranks_buffer_ready = self._all_ranks_buffer_ready(
+                        eplb_model_state
+                    )
+                if (
+                    eplb_model_state.is_async_enabled
+                    and eplb_model_state.ep_buffer_ready
+                    and all_ranks_buffer_ready
+                ):
+                    self.move_to_workspace(
+                        model_state=eplb_model_state,
+                        ep_group=ep_group,
+                        is_profile=is_profile,
+                    )
+                    if (
+                        eplb_model_state.layer_to_transfer
+                        >= eplb_model_state.model.num_moe_layers
+                    ):
+                        self.post_eplb(eplb_model_state, is_profile)
+                        eplb_model_state.rebalanced = False
+                        eplb_model_state.layer_to_transfer = 0
+                        eplb_model_state.pending_global_ready_check = False
+                        logger.info(
+                            "finish async transfer for model %s rank %d layer %d",
+                            eplb_model_state.model_name,
+                            ep_group.rank(),
+                            eplb_model_state.model.num_moe_layers,
+                        )
+
+        if self.expert_rearrangement_step >= self.expert_rearrangement_step_interval:
+            if any(
+                eplb_model_state.is_async_enabled and eplb_model_state.rebalanced
+                for eplb_model_state in self.model_states.values()
+            ):
+                # Still performing asynchronous rearrangement
+                return
+            self.expert_rearrangement_step = 0
+            self.rearrange()
+
+    def rearrange(
+        self,
+        is_profile: bool = False,
+        execute_shuffle: bool = True,
+        global_expert_loads: list[torch.Tensor] | None = None,
+        rank_mapping: dict[int, int] | None = None,
+    ) -> torch.Tensor | None:
+        """
+        Rearrange the experts according to the current load.
+
+        Args:
+            is_profile (bool): If `True`, perform a dummy rearrangement.
+                This is used in `profile_run` to reserve enough memory,
+                no memory movement will be performed. Default is False.
+            execute_shuffle (bool): If `True`, execute the shuffle
+                in elastic expert parallel (EEP). Default is True.
+            global_expert_loads (list[torch.Tensor] | None): The global expert
+                loads when scaling is done in EEP.
+                List of expert loads for the main and drafter
+                (when spec decode is used) models.
+            rank_mapping (dict[int, int] | None): The rank mapping
+                when scaling is done in EEP.
+        """
+
+        ep_group = get_ep_group().device_group
+        ep_rank = ep_group.rank()
+
+        time_start = None
+        is_main_rank = ep_rank == 0
+        if is_main_rank:
+            torch.cuda.synchronize()
+            time_start = time.perf_counter()
+            logger.info(
+                "Rearranging experts %s %s...",
+                "(async mode)" if self.is_async else "sync mode",
+                "(profile)" if is_profile else "",
+            )
+
+        if global_expert_loads is None:
+            # Map the physical expert load to global logical experts
+            global_expert_load_windows = []
+            if not execute_shuffle:
+                num_models = torch.tensor(
+                    [len(self.model_states)], dtype=torch.int32, device="cpu"
+                )
+                torch.distributed.broadcast(
+                    num_models, group=get_ep_group().cpu_group, group_src=0
+                )
+
+            for eplb_model_state in self.model_states.values():
+                logical_expert_load_window = torch.zeros(
+                    self.expert_load_window_size,
+                    eplb_model_state.model.num_moe_layers,
+                    eplb_model_state.model.num_logical_experts,
+                    dtype=eplb_model_state.expert_load_window.dtype,
+                    device=eplb_model_state.expert_load_window.device,
+                )
+                logical_expert_load_window.scatter_add_(
+                    dim=-1,
+                    index=eplb_model_state.physical_to_logical_map.unsqueeze(0)
+                    .expand_as(eplb_model_state.expert_load_window)
+                    .long(),
+                    src=eplb_model_state.expert_load_window,
+                )
+
+                if not execute_shuffle:
+                    metadata = torch.tensor(
+                        [
+                            eplb_model_state.model.num_moe_layers,
+                            eplb_model_state.model.num_logical_experts,
+                            eplb_model_state.physical_to_logical_map.shape[1],
+                        ],
+                        dtype=torch.int32,
+                        device="cpu",
+                    )
+                    torch.distributed.broadcast(
+                        metadata, group=get_ep_group().cpu_group, group_src=0
+                    )
+
+                global_expert_load_window = logical_expert_load_window.sum(dim=0)
+                global_expert_load_windows.append(global_expert_load_window)
+            # Perform all-reduce to get the expert load across all ranks for each model
+            global_expert_load_windows = self._allreduce_list(
+                global_expert_load_windows
+            )
+            if not execute_shuffle:
+                for eplb_model_state, global_expert_load_window in zip(
+                    self.model_states.values(), global_expert_load_windows
+                ):
+                    # (num_moe_layers, old_num_physical_experts)
+                    old_global_expert_indices = eplb_model_state.physical_to_logical_map
+                    torch.distributed.broadcast(
+                        old_global_expert_indices, group=ep_group, group_src=0
+                    )
+            if not execute_shuffle:
+                return global_expert_load_windows
+        else:
+            assert execute_shuffle
+            global_expert_load_windows = global_expert_loads
+
+        # TODO(bowen): Treat differently for prefill and decode nodes
+        eplb_model_state = next(iter(self.model_states.values()))
+        model = eplb_model_state.model
+        num_replicas = model.num_physical_experts
+        num_groups = model.num_expert_groups
+
+        if rank_mapping is not None and len(rank_mapping) == ep_group.size():
+            # NOTE(yongji): scale down, we need to rebalance the experts on
+            # remaining GPUs, transfer the experts while we haven't shutdown
+            # the GPUs to be released.
+            cpu_group = get_ep_group().cpu_group
+            num_nodes = _node_count_with_rank_mapping(cpu_group, rank_mapping)
+            num_gpus = sum(new_rank != -1 for new_rank in rank_mapping.values())
+            num_replicas = (
+                num_replicas // ep_group.size() * num_gpus
+            )  # handle num replicas change
+        else:
+            num_nodes = get_node_count()
+            num_gpus = ep_group.size()
+
+        if num_gpus % num_nodes != 0:
+            num_nodes = 1
+            logger.warning_once(
+                f"num_gpus % num_nodes != 0, "
+                "not using hierarchical rearrangement algorithm.\n"
+                f"{num_gpus=}, {num_nodes=}"
+            )
+
+        for eplb_model_state, global_expert_load_window in zip(
+            self.model_states.values(), global_expert_load_windows
+        ):
+            # Get new expert mappings for the model
+            (
+                new_physical_to_logical_map,
+                new_logical_to_physical_map,
+                new_logical_replica_count,
+            ) = rebalance_experts(
+                global_expert_load_window,
+                num_replicas,
+                num_groups,
+                num_nodes,
+                num_gpus,
+            )
+
+            if not eplb_model_state.is_async_enabled or is_profile:
+                # Update expert weights
+                rearrange_expert_weights_inplace(
+                    eplb_model_state.physical_to_logical_map,
+                    new_physical_to_logical_map,
+                    eplb_model_state.model.expert_weights,
+                    ep_group,
+                    is_profile,
+                    rank_mapping,
+                )
+
+                if not is_profile:
+                    if (
+                        eplb_model_state.physical_to_logical_map.shape[1]
+                        != new_physical_to_logical_map.shape[1]
+                    ):
+                        eplb_model_state.physical_to_logical_map = (
+                            new_physical_to_logical_map.to(
+                                eplb_model_state.physical_to_logical_map.device
+                            )
+                        )
+                    else:
+                        eplb_model_state.physical_to_logical_map.copy_(
+                            new_physical_to_logical_map
+                        )
+                    max_physical_slots = new_logical_to_physical_map.shape[-1]
+                    assert (
+                        max_physical_slots
+                        <= eplb_model_state.logical_to_physical_map.shape[-1]
+                    )
+                    new_logical_to_physical_map = torch.nn.functional.pad(
+                        new_logical_to_physical_map,
+                        (
+                            0,
+                            eplb_model_state.logical_to_physical_map.shape[-1]
+                            - max_physical_slots,
+                        ),
+                        value=-1,
+                    )
+                    eplb_model_state.logical_to_physical_map.copy_(
+                        new_logical_to_physical_map
+                    )
+                    eplb_model_state.logical_replica_count.copy_(
+                        new_logical_replica_count
+                    )
+                if is_main_rank:
+                    assert time_start is not None
+                    torch.cuda.synchronize()
+                    time_end = time.perf_counter()
+                    logger.info(
+                        "Rearranged experts%sin %.2f seconds.",
+                        " (profile) " if is_profile else " ",
+                        time_end - time_start,
+                    )
+            else:
+                device = eplb_model_state.physical_to_logical_map.device
+                new_physical = new_physical_to_logical_map.to(device)
+                max_slots = eplb_model_state.logical_to_physical_map.shape[-1]
+                padded_logical = torch.nn.functional.pad(
+                    new_logical_to_physical_map,
+                    (0, max(0, max_slots - new_logical_to_physical_map.shape[-1])),
+                    value=-1,
+                ).to(eplb_model_state.logical_to_physical_map.device)
+                new_replica = new_logical_replica_count.to(
+                    eplb_model_state.logical_replica_count.device
+                )
+
+                eplb_model_state.new_physical_to_logical_map = new_physical
+                eplb_model_state.new_logical_to_physical_map = padded_logical
+                eplb_model_state.new_logical_replica_count = new_replica
+
+                eplb_model_state.rebalanced = True
+                eplb_model_state.layer_to_transfer = 0
+                eplb_model_state.pending_global_ready_check = True
+
+        # Signal async thread to start transferring layers
+        if self.is_async and (not is_profile):
+            self.rearrange_event.set()
+        return None
+
+    def start_async_loop(
+        self,
+        rank_mapping: dict[int, int] | None = None,
+        is_profile: bool = False,
+    ):
+        if not self.is_async:
+            return
+        if self.async_worker is None:
+            self.async_worker = start_async_worker(
+                self,
+                rank_mapping=rank_mapping,
+                is_profile=is_profile,
+            )
+
+    def _update_layer_mapping_from_new(
+        self, model_state: EplbModelState, layer: int
+    ) -> None:
+        if (
+            model_state.new_physical_to_logical_map is None
+            or model_state.new_logical_to_physical_map is None
+            or model_state.new_logical_replica_count is None
+        ):
+            return
+
+        target_device = model_state.physical_to_logical_map.device
+        new_physical = model_state.new_physical_to_logical_map
+        if model_state.physical_to_logical_map.shape[1] != new_physical.shape[1]:
+            model_state.physical_to_logical_map = new_physical.to(target_device)
+        else:
+            model_state.physical_to_logical_map[layer].copy_(
+                new_physical[layer].to(target_device)
+            )
+
+        logical_device = model_state.logical_to_physical_map.device
+        new_logical = model_state.new_logical_to_physical_map[layer].to(logical_device)
+        max_slots = model_state.logical_to_physical_map.shape[-1]
+        slot_delta = max_slots - new_logical.shape[-1]
+        if slot_delta > 0:
+            new_logical = torch.nn.functional.pad(
+                new_logical, (0, slot_delta), value=-1
+            )
+        model_state.logical_to_physical_map[layer].copy_(new_logical)
+
+        replica_device = model_state.logical_replica_count.device
+        model_state.logical_replica_count[layer].copy_(
+            model_state.new_logical_replica_count[layer].to(replica_device)
+        )
+
+    def _all_ranks_buffer_ready(self, model_state: EplbModelState) -> bool:
+        parallel_state = get_ep_group()
+        cpu_group = getattr(parallel_state, "cpu_group", None)
+        if cpu_group is not None and cpu_group.size() > 1:
+            flag = torch.tensor(
+                (int(model_state.ep_buffer_ready),), dtype=torch.int32, device="cpu"
+            )
+            all_reduce(flag, group=cpu_group)
+            return int(flag.item()) == cpu_group.size()
+
+        device_group = parallel_state.device_group
+        if device_group.size() <= 1:
+            return bool(model_state.ep_buffer_ready)
+
+        device = getattr(
+            parallel_state, "device", model_state.physical_to_logical_map.device
+        )
+        flag = torch.tensor(
+            (int(model_state.ep_buffer_ready),), dtype=torch.int32, device=device
+        )
+        all_reduce(flag, group=device_group)
+        return int(flag.item()) == device_group.size()
+
+    def move_to_workspace(
+        self,
+        model_state: EplbModelState,
+        ep_group: ProcessGroup,
+        is_profile: bool = False,
+    ):
+        if not model_state.buffer_lock.acquire(blocking=False):
+            return
+        try:
+            assert model_state.new_physical_to_logical_map is not None
+            device_index = model_state.cuda_device_index or self.cuda_device_index
+            if model_state.buffer_ready_event is not None and device_index is not None:
+                stream = torch.cuda.current_stream(device=device_index)
+                stream.wait_event(model_state.buffer_ready_event)
+                model_state.buffer_ready_event = None
+            move_from_buffer(
+                expert_weights=model_state.model.expert_weights[
+                    model_state.layer_to_transfer
+                ],
+                expert_weights_buffer=model_state.expert_buffer,
+                is_unchanged=model_state.is_unchanged,
+                is_received_locally=model_state.is_received_locally,
+                experts_recv_loc=model_state.experts_recv_loc,
+                new_indices=model_state.new_physical_to_logical_map[
+                    model_state.layer_to_transfer
+                ].tolist(),
+                ep_group=ep_group,
+            )
+            transferred_layer = model_state.layer_to_transfer
+            self._update_layer_mapping_from_new(model_state, transferred_layer)
+            # After the main thread consumes, advance layer_to_transfer
+            model_state.layer_to_transfer += 1
+            model_state.ep_buffer_ready = 0
+            logger.info(
+                "model %s successfully move_to_workspace layer %d",
+                model_state.model_name,
+                transferred_layer,
+            )
+        finally:
+            try:
+                model_state.buffer_lock.release()
+            except Exception as e:
+                logger.error(
+                    "Rank %d: buffer_lock release failed in move_to_workspace: %s",
+                    ep_group.rank(),
+                    str(e),
+                )
+
+    def post_eplb(self, model_state: EplbModelState, is_profile: bool = False) -> None:
+        assert model_state.new_physical_to_logical_map is not None
+        assert model_state.new_logical_to_physical_map is not None
+        assert model_state.new_logical_replica_count is not None
+        if not is_profile:
+            for layer_idx in range(model_state.physical_to_logical_map.shape[0]):
+                self._update_layer_mapping_from_new(model_state, layer_idx)
+        model_state.new_physical_to_logical_map = None
+        model_state.new_logical_to_physical_map = None
+        model_state.new_logical_replica_count = None
+
+    @staticmethod
+    def recv_state() -> tuple[list[torch.Tensor], list[torch.Tensor]]:
+        """
+        Receive the expert load and old placement from the master rank.
+        """
+        ep_group = get_ep_group()
+        num_models = torch.empty(1, dtype=torch.int32, device="cpu")
+        torch.distributed.broadcast(num_models, group=ep_group.cpu_group, group_src=0)
+        num_models = num_models.item()
+        global_expert_loads = []
+        old_global_expert_indices_per_model = []
+        for _ in range(num_models):
+            metadata = torch.empty(3, dtype=torch.int32, device="cpu")
+            torch.distributed.broadcast(metadata, group=ep_group.cpu_group, group_src=0)
+            num_moe_layers, num_logical_experts, num_old_physical_experts = (
+                metadata.tolist()
+            )
+            global_expert_load = torch.zeros(
+                (num_moe_layers, num_logical_experts),
+                dtype=torch.int64,
+                device=ep_group.device,
+            )
+            all_reduce(global_expert_load, group=ep_group.device_group)
+            old_global_expert_indices = torch.empty(
+                (num_moe_layers, num_old_physical_experts),
+                dtype=torch.int64,
+                device=ep_group.device,
+            )
+            torch.distributed.broadcast(
+                old_global_expert_indices,
+                group=ep_group.device_group,
+                group_src=0,
+            )
+            global_expert_loads.append(global_expert_load)
+            old_global_expert_indices_per_model.append(old_global_expert_indices)
+        return global_expert_loads, old_global_expert_indices_per_model
+
+    @classmethod
+    def get_eep_state(
+        cls, parallel_config: ParallelConfig
+    ) -> tuple[
+        list[torch.Tensor] | None,
+        list[torch.Tensor] | None,
+        dict[int, int] | None,
+    ]:
+        num_local_physical_experts = torch.empty(1, dtype=torch.int32, device="cpu")
+        torch.distributed.broadcast(
+            num_local_physical_experts,
+            group=get_ep_group().cpu_group,
+            group_src=0,
+        )
+        num_local_physical_experts = int(num_local_physical_experts.item())
+        new_ep_size = get_ep_group().world_size
+        global_expert_loads, old_global_expert_indices_per_model = (
+            EplbState.recv_state()
+        )
+
+        # EP configuration for all models has to be the same so as eplb config
+        num_logical_experts = global_expert_loads[0].shape[1]
+        parallel_config.eplb_config.num_redundant_experts = (
+            num_local_physical_experts * new_ep_size - num_logical_experts
+        )
+        assert (
+            old_global_expert_indices_per_model[0].shape[1] % num_local_physical_experts
+            == 0
+        )
+        old_ep_size = (
+            old_global_expert_indices_per_model[0].shape[1]
+            // num_local_physical_experts
+        )
+        rank_mapping = {old_ep_rank: old_ep_rank for old_ep_rank in range(old_ep_size)}
+        return (
+            global_expert_loads,
+            old_global_expert_indices_per_model,
+            rank_mapping,
+        )
+
+    def _allreduce_list(self, tensor_list: list[torch.Tensor]) -> list[torch.Tensor]:
+        """
+        All-reduce a list of tensors.
+        """
+        if len(tensor_list) == 1:
+            all_reduce(tensor_list[0], group=get_ep_group().device_group)
+            return tensor_list
+        assert all(t.dim() == 2 for t in tensor_list), "All tensors must be 2D."
+        assert all(t.shape[1] == tensor_list[0].shape[1] for t in tensor_list), (
+            "All tensors must have the same shape[1]."
+        )
+        # Concatenate, all_reduce, then unpack to original shapes.
+        # We assume all tensors are 2D and shape[1] (num_physical_experts)
+        # is the same across all models.
+        shapes = [t.shape for t in tensor_list]
+        concat_tensor = torch.cat(tensor_list, dim=0)
+
+        ep_group = get_ep_group().device_group
+        all_reduce(concat_tensor, group=ep_group)
+
+        all_reduce_list = []
+        offset = 0
+        for shape in shapes:
+            all_reduce_list.append(concat_tensor[offset : offset + shape[0], :])
+            offset += shape[0]
+        return all_reduce_list
+
+    def _sync_load_pass(self) -> list[torch.Tensor]:
+        """
+        Sync the expert load pass across all ranks for log stats.
+        Doesn't update the expert load pass in eplb_model_state.
+        """
+        load_pass_list = []
+        for eplb_model_state in self.model_states.values():
+            load_pass_list.append(eplb_model_state.expert_load_pass.clone())
+        return self._allreduce_list(load_pass_list)
+
+
+def _node_count_with_rank_mapping(
+    pg: ProcessGroup | StatelessProcessGroup,
+    rank_mapping: dict[int, int],
+) -> int:
+    if isinstance(pg, ProcessGroup):
+        world_size = torch.distributed.get_world_size(group=pg)
+    else:
+        world_size = pg.world_size
+
+    if world_size == 1:
+        return 1
+
+    # Build node assignment map
+    node_assignment = [0] * world_size  # rank -> node_id
+    next_node_id = 0
+
+    for current_rank in range(world_size):
+        if node_assignment[current_rank] != 0:
+            continue  # Already assigned to a node
+
+        assert current_rank in rank_mapping
+        if rank_mapping[current_rank] == -1:
+            continue  # Pending shutdown
+
+        # Assign current rank to a new node
+        next_node_id += 1
+        node_assignment[current_rank] = next_node_id
+
+        # Find all ranks on the same node as current_rank
+        same_node_flags = in_the_same_node_as(pg, current_rank)
+        for other_rank, is_same_node in enumerate(same_node_flags):
+            if is_same_node and node_assignment[other_rank] == 0:
+                node_assignment[other_rank] = next_node_id
+
+    return next_node_id