valuesets 0.3.1__py3-none-any.whl

valuesets/schema/industry/mining.yaml

@@ -0,0 +1,888 @@
+name: mining
+title: Mining and Extractive Industry Value Sets
+description: Value sets for mining operations, minerals, extraction methods, and related concepts
+id: https://w3id.org/linkml/valuesets/industry/mining
+imports:
+- linkml:types
+prefixes:
+  valuesets: https://w3id.org/valuesets/
+  ENVO: http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/ENVO_
+  CHEBI: http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_
+  ExO: http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/ExO_
+  MINMOD: https://minmod.isi.edu/resource/
+default_prefix: valuesets
+slots:
+  mining:
+    description: Types of mining operations
+    range: MiningType
+  mineral_category:
+    description: Categories of minerals and materials
+    range: MineralCategory
+  critical_mineral:
+    description: Critical minerals essential for economic and national security, particularly for clean energy, defense, and
+      technology applications
+    range: CriticalMineral
+  common_mineral:
+    description: Common minerals extracted through mining
+    range: CommonMineral
+  mining_equipment:
+    description: Types of mining equipment
+    range: MiningEquipment
+  ore_grade:
+    description: Classification of ore grades
+    range: OreGrade
+  mining_phase:
+    description: Phases of mining operations
+    range: MiningPhase
+  mining_hazard:
+    description: Mining-related hazards and risks
+    range: MiningHazard
+  environmental_impact:
+    description: Environmental impacts of mining
+    range: EnvironmentalImpact
+enums:
+  MiningType:
+    description: Types of mining operations
+    permissible_values:
+      OPEN_PIT:
+        description: Open-pit mining
+        meaning: ENVO:00000284
+        title: quarry
+        annotations:
+          category: surface
+          depth: shallow to deep
+      STRIP_MINING:
+        description: Strip mining
+        meaning: ENVO:01001441
+        title: opencast mining
+        annotations:
+          category: surface
+          aliases: surface mining, opencast mining
+      MOUNTAINTOP_REMOVAL:
+        description: Mountaintop removal mining
+        annotations:
+          category: surface
+          region: primarily Appalachian
+      QUARRYING:
+        description: Quarrying
+        meaning: ENVO:00000284
+        title: quarry
+        annotations:
+          category: surface
+          materials: stone, sand, gravel
+      PLACER:
+        description: Placer mining
+        meaning: ENVO:01001204
+        title: alluvial deposit
+        annotations:
+          category: surface
+          target: alluvial deposits
+      DREDGING:
+        description: Dredging
+        annotations:
+          category: surface/underwater
+          environment: rivers, harbors, seas
+      SHAFT_MINING:
+        description: Shaft mining
+        annotations:
+          category: underground
+          access: vertical shaft
+      DRIFT_MINING:
+        description: Drift mining
+        annotations:
+          category: underground
+          access: horizontal tunnel
+      SLOPE_MINING:
+        description: Slope mining
+        annotations:
+          category: underground
+          access: inclined shaft
+      ROOM_AND_PILLAR:
+        description: Room and pillar mining
+        annotations:
+          category: underground
+          method: leaves pillars for support
+      LONGWALL:
+        description: Longwall mining
+        annotations:
+          category: underground
+          method: progressive slice extraction
+      BLOCK_CAVING:
+        description: Block caving
+        annotations:
+          category: underground
+          method: gravity-assisted
+      SOLUTION_MINING:
+        description: Solution mining (in-situ leaching)
+        annotations:
+          category: specialized
+          method: chemical dissolution
+      HYDRAULIC_MINING:
+        description: Hydraulic mining
+        annotations:
+          category: specialized
+          method: high-pressure water
+      ARTISANAL:
+        description: Artisanal and small-scale mining
+        annotations:
+          category: small-scale
+          equipment: minimal mechanization
+      DEEP_SEA:
+        description: Deep sea mining
+        annotations:
+          category: marine
+          depth: ocean floor
+  MineralCategory:
+    description: Categories of minerals and materials
+    permissible_values:
+      PRECIOUS_METALS:
+        description: Precious metals
+        annotations:
+          examples: gold, silver, platinum
+      BASE_METALS:
+        description: Base metals
+        annotations:
+          examples: copper, lead, zinc, tin
+      FERROUS_METALS:
+        description: Ferrous metals
+        annotations:
+          examples: iron, steel, manganese
+      RARE_EARTH_ELEMENTS:
+        description: Rare earth elements
+        annotations:
+          examples: neodymium, dysprosium, cerium
+          count: 17 elements
+      RADIOACTIVE:
+        description: Radioactive minerals
+        annotations:
+          examples: uranium, thorium, radium
+      INDUSTRIAL_MINERALS:
+        description: Industrial minerals
+        annotations:
+          examples: limestone, gypsum, salt
+      GEMSTONES:
+        description: Gemstones
+        annotations:
+          examples: diamond, ruby, emerald
+      ENERGY_MINERALS:
+        description: Energy minerals
+        annotations:
+          examples: coal, oil shale, tar sands
+      CONSTRUCTION_MATERIALS:
+        description: Construction materials
+        annotations:
+          examples: sand, gravel, crushed stone
+      CHEMICAL_MINERALS:
+        description: Chemical and fertilizer minerals
+        annotations:
+          examples: phosphate, potash, sulfur
+  CriticalMineral:
+    description: 'Critical minerals essential for economic and national security,
+
+      particularly for clean energy, defense, and technology applications.
+
+      Based on US Geological Survey and EU critical raw materials lists.'
+    permissible_values:
+      LITHIUM:
+        description: Lithium (Li) - essential for batteries
+        meaning: CHEBI:30145
+        title: lithium atom
+        annotations:
+          symbol: Li
+          atomic_number: 3
+          applications: batteries, ceramics, glass
+      COBALT:
+        description: Cobalt (Co) - battery cathodes and superalloys
+        meaning: CHEBI:27638
+        title: cobalt atom
+        annotations:
+          symbol: Co
+          atomic_number: 27
+          applications: batteries, superalloys, magnets
+      NICKEL:
+        description: Nickel (Ni) - stainless steel and batteries
+        meaning: CHEBI:28112
+        title: nickel atom
+        annotations:
+          symbol: Ni
+          atomic_number: 28
+          applications: stainless steel, batteries, alloys
+      GRAPHITE:
+        description: Graphite - battery anodes and refractories
+        meaning: CHEBI:33418
+        annotations:
+          formula: C
+          applications: batteries, lubricants, refractories
+      MANGANESE:
+        description: Manganese (Mn) - steel and battery production
+        meaning: CHEBI:18291
+        title: manganese atom
+        annotations:
+          symbol: Mn
+          atomic_number: 25
+          applications: steel, batteries, aluminum alloys
+      NEODYMIUM:
+        description: Neodymium (Nd) - permanent magnets
+        meaning: CHEBI:33372
+        title: neodymium atom
+        annotations:
+          symbol: Nd
+          atomic_number: 60
+          category: light rare earth
+          applications: magnets, lasers, glass
+      DYSPROSIUM:
+        description: Dysprosium (Dy) - high-performance magnets
+        meaning: CHEBI:33377
+        title: dysprosium atom
+        annotations:
+          symbol: Dy
+          atomic_number: 66
+          category: heavy rare earth
+          applications: magnets, nuclear control rods
+      PRASEODYMIUM:
+        description: Praseodymium (Pr) - magnets and alloys
+        meaning: CHEBI:49828
+        title: praseodymium atom
+        annotations:
+          symbol: Pr
+          atomic_number: 59
+          category: light rare earth
+          applications: magnets, aircraft engines, glass
+      TERBIUM:
+        description: Terbium (Tb) - phosphors and magnets
+        meaning: CHEBI:33376
+        title: terbium atom
+        annotations:
+          symbol: Tb
+          atomic_number: 65
+          category: heavy rare earth
+          applications: solid-state devices, fuel cells
+      EUROPIUM:
+        description: Europium (Eu) - phosphors and nuclear control
+        meaning: CHEBI:32999
+        title: europium atom
+        annotations:
+          symbol: Eu
+          atomic_number: 63
+          category: heavy rare earth
+          applications: LED phosphors, lasers
+      YTTRIUM:
+        description: Yttrium (Y) - phosphors and ceramics
+        meaning: CHEBI:33331
+        title: yttrium atom
+        annotations:
+          symbol: Y
+          atomic_number: 39
+          applications: LEDs, superconductors, ceramics
+      CERIUM:
+        description: Cerium (Ce) - catalysts and glass polishing
+        meaning: CHEBI:33369
+        annotations:
+          symbol: Ce
+          atomic_number: 58
+          category: light rare earth
+          applications: catalysts, glass polishing, alloys
+      LANTHANUM:
+        description: Lanthanum (La) - catalysts and optics
+        meaning: CHEBI:33336
+        title: lanthanum atom
+        annotations:
+          symbol: La
+          atomic_number: 57
+          category: light rare earth
+          applications: catalysts, optical glass, batteries
+      GALLIUM:
+        description: Gallium (Ga) - semiconductors and LEDs
+        meaning: CHEBI:49631
+        title: gallium atom
+        annotations:
+          symbol: Ga
+          atomic_number: 31
+          applications: semiconductors, LEDs, solar cells
+      GERMANIUM:
+        description: Germanium (Ge) - fiber optics and infrared
+        meaning: CHEBI:30441
+        title: germanium atom
+        annotations:
+          symbol: Ge
+          atomic_number: 32
+          applications: fiber optics, infrared optics, solar cells
+      INDIUM:
+        description: Indium (In) - displays and semiconductors
+        meaning: CHEBI:30430
+        title: indium atom
+        annotations:
+          symbol: In
+          atomic_number: 49
+          applications: LCD displays, semiconductors, solar panels
+      TELLURIUM:
+        description: Tellurium (Te) - solar panels and thermoelectrics
+        meaning: CHEBI:30452
+        title: tellurium atom
+        annotations:
+          symbol: Te
+          atomic_number: 52
+          applications: solar panels, thermoelectrics, alloys
+      ARSENIC:
+        description: Arsenic (As) - semiconductors and alloys
+        meaning: CHEBI:27563
+        title: arsenic atom
+        annotations:
+          symbol: As
+          atomic_number: 33
+          applications: semiconductors, wood preservatives
+      TITANIUM:
+        description: Titanium (Ti) - aerospace and defense
+        meaning: CHEBI:33341
+        title: titanium atom
+        annotations:
+          symbol: Ti
+          atomic_number: 22
+          applications: aerospace, medical implants, pigments
+      VANADIUM:
+        description: Vanadium (V) - steel alloys and batteries
+        meaning: CHEBI:27698
+        title: vanadium atom
+        annotations:
+          symbol: V
+          atomic_number: 23
+          applications: steel alloys, flow batteries, catalysts
+      CHROMIUM:
+        description: Chromium (Cr) - stainless steel and alloys
+        meaning: CHEBI:28073
+        title: chromium atom
+        annotations:
+          symbol: Cr
+          atomic_number: 24
+          applications: stainless steel, superalloys, plating
+      TUNGSTEN:
+        description: Tungsten (W) - hard metals and electronics
+        meaning: CHEBI:27998
+        annotations:
+          symbol: W
+          atomic_number: 74
+          applications: cutting tools, electronics, alloys
+      TANTALUM:
+        description: Tantalum (Ta) - capacitors and superalloys
+        meaning: CHEBI:33348
+        title: tantalum atom
+        annotations:
+          symbol: Ta
+          atomic_number: 73
+          applications: capacitors, medical implants, superalloys
+      NIOBIUM:
+        description: Niobium (Nb) - steel alloys and superconductors
+        meaning: CHEBI:33344
+        title: niobium atom
+        annotations:
+          symbol: Nb
+          atomic_number: 41
+          applications: steel alloys, superconductors, capacitors
+      ZIRCONIUM:
+        description: Zirconium (Zr) - nuclear and ceramics
+        meaning: CHEBI:33342
+        title: zirconium atom
+        annotations:
+          symbol: Zr
+          atomic_number: 40
+          applications: nuclear reactors, ceramics, alloys
+      HAFNIUM:
+        description: Hafnium (Hf) - nuclear and semiconductors
+        meaning: CHEBI:33343
+        title: hafnium atom
+        annotations:
+          symbol: Hf
+          atomic_number: 72
+          applications: nuclear control rods, superalloys
+      PLATINUM:
+        description: Platinum (Pt) - catalysts and electronics
+        meaning: CHEBI:33400
+        title: platinum(0)
+        annotations:
+          symbol: Pt
+          atomic_number: 78
+          category: PGM
+          applications: catalysts, jewelry, electronics
+      PALLADIUM:
+        description: Palladium (Pd) - catalysts and electronics
+        meaning: CHEBI:33363
+        annotations:
+          symbol: Pd
+          atomic_number: 46
+          category: PGM
+          applications: catalysts, electronics, dentistry
+      RHODIUM:
+        description: Rhodium (Rh) - catalysts and electronics
+        meaning: CHEBI:33359
+        title: rhodium atom
+        annotations:
+          symbol: Rh
+          atomic_number: 45
+          category: PGM
+          applications: catalysts, electronics, glass
+      IRIDIUM:
+        description: Iridium (Ir) - electronics and catalysts
+        meaning: CHEBI:49666
+        title: iridium atom
+        annotations:
+          symbol: Ir
+          atomic_number: 77
+          category: PGM
+          applications: spark plugs, electronics, catalysts
+      RUTHENIUM:
+        description: Ruthenium (Ru) - electronics and catalysts
+        meaning: CHEBI:30682
+        title: ruthenium atom
+        annotations:
+          symbol: Ru
+          atomic_number: 44
+          category: PGM
+          applications: electronics, catalysts, solar cells
+      ANTIMONY:
+        description: Antimony (Sb) - flame retardants and batteries
+        meaning: CHEBI:30513
+        title: antimony atom
+        annotations:
+          symbol: Sb
+          atomic_number: 51
+          applications: flame retardants, batteries, alloys
+      BISMUTH:
+        description: Bismuth (Bi) - pharmaceuticals and alloys
+        meaning: CHEBI:33301
+        title: bismuth atom
+        annotations:
+          symbol: Bi
+          atomic_number: 83
+          applications: pharmaceuticals, cosmetics, alloys
+      BERYLLIUM:
+        description: Beryllium (Be) - aerospace and defense
+        meaning: CHEBI:30501
+        title: beryllium atom
+        annotations:
+          symbol: Be
+          atomic_number: 4
+          applications: aerospace, defense, nuclear
+      MAGNESIUM:
+        description: Magnesium (Mg) - lightweight alloys
+        meaning: CHEBI:25107
+        title: magnesium atom
+        annotations:
+          symbol: Mg
+          atomic_number: 12
+          applications: alloys, automotive, aerospace
+      ALUMINUM:
+        description: Aluminum (Al) - construction and transportation
+        meaning: CHEBI:28984
+        title: aluminium atom
+        annotations:
+          symbol: Al
+          atomic_number: 13
+          applications: construction, transportation, packaging
+      TIN:
+        description: Tin (Sn) - solders and coatings
+        meaning: CHEBI:27007
+        title: tin atom
+        annotations:
+          symbol: Sn
+          atomic_number: 50
+          applications: solders, coatings, alloys
+      FLUORSPAR:
+        description: Fluorspar (CaF2) - steel and aluminum production
+        meaning: CHEBI:35437
+        title: calcium difluoride
+        annotations:
+          formula: CaF2
+          mineral_name: fluorite
+          applications: steel, aluminum, refrigerants
+      BARITE:
+        description: Barite (BaSO4) - drilling and chemicals
+        meaning: CHEBI:133326
+        title: barium sulfate
+        annotations:
+          formula: BaSO4
+          applications: oil drilling, chemicals, radiation shielding
+      HELIUM:
+        description: Helium (He) - cryogenics and electronics
+        meaning: CHEBI:33681
+        title: helium(0)
+        annotations:
+          symbol: He
+          atomic_number: 2
+          applications: MRI, semiconductors, aerospace
+      POTASH:
+        description: Potash (K2O) - fertilizers and chemicals
+        meaning: CHEBI:88321
+        title: potassium oxide
+        annotations:
+          formula: K2O
+          applications: fertilizers, chemicals, glass
+      PHOSPHATE_ROCK:
+        description: Phosphate rock - fertilizers and chemicals
+        meaning: CHEBI:26020
+        title: phosphate
+        annotations:
+          applications: fertilizers, food additives, chemicals
+      SCANDIUM:
+        description: Scandium (Sc) - aerospace alloys
+        meaning: CHEBI:33330
+        title: scandium atom
+        annotations:
+          symbol: Sc
+          atomic_number: 21
+          applications: aerospace alloys, solid oxide fuel cells
+      STRONTIUM:
+        description: Strontium (Sr) - magnets and pyrotechnics
+        meaning: CHEBI:33324
+        title: strontium atom
+        annotations:
+          symbol: Sr
+          atomic_number: 38
+          applications: magnets, pyrotechnics, medical
+  CommonMineral:
+    description: Common minerals extracted through mining
+    permissible_values:
+      GOLD:
+        description: Gold (Au)
+        meaning: CHEBI:29287
+        title: gold atom
+        annotations:
+          symbol: Au
+          atomic_number: 79
+      SILVER:
+        description: Silver (Ag)
+        meaning: CHEBI:30512
+        title: silver atom
+        annotations:
+          symbol: Ag
+          atomic_number: 47
+      PLATINUM:
+        description: Platinum (Pt)
+        meaning: CHEBI:49202
+        title: elemental platinum
+        annotations:
+          symbol: Pt
+          atomic_number: 78
+      COPPER:
+        description: Copper (Cu)
+        meaning: CHEBI:28694
+        title: copper atom
+        annotations:
+          symbol: Cu
+          atomic_number: 29
+      IRON:
+        description: Iron (Fe)
+        meaning: CHEBI:18248
+        title: iron atom
+        annotations:
+          symbol: Fe
+          atomic_number: 26
+      ALUMINUM:
+        description: Aluminum (Al)
+        meaning: CHEBI:28984
+        title: aluminium atom
+        annotations:
+          symbol: Al
+          atomic_number: 13
+          ore: bauxite
+      ZINC:
+        description: Zinc (Zn)
+        meaning: CHEBI:27363
+        title: zinc atom
+        annotations:
+          symbol: Zn
+          atomic_number: 30
+      LEAD:
+        description: Lead (Pb)
+        meaning: CHEBI:25016
+        title: lead atom
+        annotations:
+          symbol: Pb
+          atomic_number: 82
+      NICKEL:
+        description: Nickel (Ni)
+        meaning: CHEBI:28112
+        title: nickel atom
+        annotations:
+          symbol: Ni
+          atomic_number: 28
+      TIN:
+        description: Tin (Sn)
+        meaning: CHEBI:27007
+        title: tin atom
+        annotations:
+          symbol: Sn
+          atomic_number: 50
+      COAL:
+        description: Coal
+        meaning: ENVO:02000091
+        annotations:
+          types: anthracite, bituminous, lignite
+      URANIUM:
+        description: Uranium (U)
+        meaning: CHEBI:27214
+        title: uranium atom
+        annotations:
+          symbol: U
+          atomic_number: 92
+      LIMESTONE:
+        description: Limestone (CaCO3)
+        meaning: ENVO:00002053
+        annotations:
+          formula: CaCO3
+          use: cement, steel production
+      SALT:
+        description: Salt (NaCl)
+        meaning: CHEBI:24866
+        annotations:
+          formula: NaCl
+          aliases: halite, rock salt
+      PHOSPHATE:
+        description: Phosphate rock
+        meaning: CHEBI:26020
+        annotations:
+          use: fertilizer production
+      POTASH:
+        description: Potash (K2O)
+        meaning: CHEBI:88321
+        title: potassium oxide
+        annotations:
+          formula: K2O
+          use: fertilizer
+      LITHIUM:
+        description: Lithium (Li)
+        meaning: CHEBI:30145
+        title: lithium atom
+        annotations:
+          symbol: Li
+          atomic_number: 3
+          use: batteries
+      COBALT:
+        description: Cobalt (Co)
+        meaning: CHEBI:27638
+        title: cobalt atom
+        annotations:
+          symbol: Co
+          atomic_number: 27
+          use: batteries, alloys
+      DIAMOND:
+        description: Diamond (C)
+        meaning: CHEBI:33417
+        annotations:
+          formula: C
+          use: gemstone, industrial
+  MiningEquipment:
+    description: Types of mining equipment
+    permissible_values:
+      DRILL_RIG:
+        description: Drilling rig
+        annotations:
+          category: drilling
+      JUMBO_DRILL:
+        description: Jumbo drill
+        annotations:
+          category: drilling
+          use: underground
+      EXCAVATOR:
+        description: Excavator
+        annotations:
+          category: excavation
+      DRAGLINE:
+        description: Dragline excavator
+        annotations:
+          category: excavation
+          size: large-scale
+      BUCKET_WHEEL_EXCAVATOR:
+        description: Bucket-wheel excavator
+        annotations:
+          category: excavation
+          use: continuous mining
+      HAUL_TRUCK:
+        description: Haul truck
+        annotations:
+          category: hauling
+          capacity: up to 400 tons
+      LOADER:
+        description: Loader
+        annotations:
+          category: loading
+      CONVEYOR:
+        description: Conveyor system
+        annotations:
+          category: transport
+      CRUSHER:
+        description: Crusher
+        annotations:
+          category: processing
+          types: jaw, cone, impact
+      BALL_MILL:
+        description: Ball mill
+        annotations:
+          category: processing
+          use: grinding
+      FLOTATION_CELL:
+        description: Flotation cell
+        annotations:
+          category: processing
+          use: mineral separation
+      CONTINUOUS_MINER:
+        description: Continuous miner
+        annotations:
+          category: underground
+      ROOF_BOLTER:
+        description: Roof bolter
+        annotations:
+          category: underground
+          use: support installation
+      SHUTTLE_CAR:
+        description: Shuttle car
+        annotations:
+          category: underground transport
+  OreGrade:
+    description: Classification of ore grades
+    permissible_values:
+      HIGH_GRADE:
+        description: High-grade ore
+        annotations:
+          concentration: high
+          processing: minimal required
+      MEDIUM_GRADE:
+        description: Medium-grade ore
+        annotations:
+          concentration: moderate
+      LOW_GRADE:
+        description: Low-grade ore
+        annotations:
+          concentration: low
+          processing: extensive required
+      MARGINAL:
+        description: Marginal ore
+        annotations:
+          economics: borderline profitable
+      SUB_ECONOMIC:
+        description: Sub-economic ore
+        annotations:
+          economics: not currently profitable
+      WASTE:
+        description: Waste rock
+        annotations:
+          concentration: below cutoff
+  MiningPhase:
+    description: Phases of mining operations
+    permissible_values:
+      EXPLORATION:
+        description: Exploration phase
+        annotations:
+          activities: prospecting, sampling, drilling
+      DEVELOPMENT:
+        description: Development phase
+        annotations:
+          activities: infrastructure, access roads
+      PRODUCTION:
+        description: Production/extraction phase
+        annotations:
+          activities: active mining
+      PROCESSING:
+        description: Processing/beneficiation phase
+        annotations:
+          activities: crushing, milling, concentration
+      CLOSURE:
+        description: Closure phase
+        annotations:
+          activities: decommissioning, capping
+      RECLAMATION:
+        description: Reclamation phase
+        annotations:
+          activities: restoration, revegetation
+      POST_CLOSURE:
+        description: Post-closure monitoring
+        annotations:
+          activities: long-term monitoring
+  MiningHazard:
+    description: Mining-related hazards and risks
+    permissible_values:
+      CAVE_IN:
+        description: Cave-in/roof collapse
+        annotations:
+          type: structural
+      GAS_EXPLOSION:
+        description: Gas explosion
+        annotations:
+          type: chemical
+          gases: methane, coal dust
+      FLOODING:
+        description: Mine flooding
+        annotations:
+          type: water
+      DUST_EXPOSURE:
+        description: Dust exposure
+        annotations:
+          type: respiratory
+          diseases: silicosis, pneumoconiosis
+      CHEMICAL_EXPOSURE:
+        description: Chemical exposure
+        annotations:
+          type: toxic
+          chemicals: mercury, cyanide, acids
+      RADIATION:
+        description: Radiation exposure
+        annotations:
+          type: radioactive
+          source: uranium, radon
+      NOISE:
+        description: Noise exposure
+        annotations:
+          type: physical
+      VIBRATION:
+        description: Vibration exposure
+        annotations:
+          type: physical
+      HEAT_STRESS:
+        description: Heat stress
+        annotations:
+          type: thermal
+      EQUIPMENT_ACCIDENT:
+        description: Equipment-related accident
+        annotations:
+          type: mechanical
+  EnvironmentalImpact:
+    description: Environmental impacts of mining
+    permissible_values:
+      HABITAT_DESTRUCTION:
+        description: Habitat destruction
+        meaning: ExO:0000012
+        title: habitat degradation
+      WATER_POLLUTION:
+        description: Water pollution
+        meaning: ENVO:02500039
+        annotations:
+          types: acid mine drainage, heavy metals
+      AIR_POLLUTION:
+        description: Air pollution
+        meaning: ENVO:02500037
+        annotations:
+          sources: dust, emissions
+      SOIL_CONTAMINATION:
+        description: Soil contamination
+        meaning: ENVO:00002116
+        title: contaminated soil
+      DEFORESTATION:
+        description: Deforestation
+        meaning: ENVO:02500012
+      EROSION:
+        description: Erosion and sedimentation
+        meaning: ENVO:01001346
+      ACID_MINE_DRAINAGE:
+        description: Acid mine drainage
+        meaning: ENVO:00001997
+      TAILINGS:
+        description: Tailings contamination
+        annotations:
+          storage: tailings ponds, dams
+      SUBSIDENCE:
+        description: Ground subsidence
+        annotations:
+          cause: underground voids
+      BIODIVERSITY_LOSS:
+        description: Biodiversity loss
+        annotations:
+          impact: species extinction, ecosystem disruption