scipy 1.16.2__cp312-cp312-win_arm64.whl

scipy/sparse/linalg/_dsolve/tests/test_linsolve.py

@@ -0,0 +1,928 @@
+import sys
+import threading
+
+import numpy as np
+from numpy import array, finfo, arange, eye, all, unique, ones, dot
+from numpy.exceptions import ComplexWarning
+from numpy.testing import (
+        assert_array_almost_equal, assert_almost_equal,
+        assert_equal, assert_array_equal, assert_, assert_allclose,
+        assert_warns, suppress_warnings)
+import pytest
+from pytest import raises as assert_raises
+
+import scipy.linalg
+from scipy.linalg import norm, inv
+from scipy.sparse import (dia_array, SparseEfficiencyWarning, csc_array,
+        csr_array, eye_array, issparse, dok_array, lil_array, bsr_array, kron)
+from scipy.sparse.linalg import SuperLU
+from scipy.sparse.linalg._dsolve import (spsolve, use_solver, splu, spilu,
+        MatrixRankWarning, _superlu, spsolve_triangular, factorized,
+        is_sptriangular, spbandwidth)
+import scipy.sparse
+
+from scipy._lib._testutils import check_free_memory
+
+
+sup_sparse_efficiency = suppress_warnings()
+sup_sparse_efficiency.filter(SparseEfficiencyWarning)
+
+# scikits.umfpack is not a SciPy dependency but it is optionally used in
+# dsolve, so check whether it's available
+try:
+    import scikits.umfpack as umfpack
+    has_umfpack = True
+except ImportError:
+    has_umfpack = False
+
+def toarray(a):
+    if issparse(a):
+        return a.toarray()
+    else:
+        return a
+
+
+def setup_bug_8278():
+    N = 2 ** 6
+    h = 1/N
+    Ah1D = dia_array(([-1, 2, -1], [-1, 0, 1]), shape=(N-1, N-1))/(h**2)
+    eyeN = eye_array(N - 1)
+    A = (kron(eyeN, kron(eyeN, Ah1D))
+         + kron(eyeN, kron(Ah1D, eyeN))
+         + kron(Ah1D, kron(eyeN, eyeN)))
+    b = np.random.rand((N-1)**3)
+    return A, b
+
+
+class TestFactorized:
+    def setup_method(self):
+        n = 5
+        d = arange(n) + 1
+        self.n = n
+        self.A = dia_array(((d, 2*d, d[::-1]), (-3, 0, 5)), shape=(n,n)).tocsc()
+
+    def _check_singular(self):
+        A = csc_array((5,5), dtype='d')
+        b = ones(5)
+        assert_array_almost_equal(0. * b, factorized(A)(b))
+
+    def _check_non_singular(self):
+        # Make a diagonal dominant, to make sure it is not singular
+        n = 5
+        rng = np.random.default_rng(14332)
+        a = csc_array(rng.random((n, n)))
+        b = ones(n)
+
+        expected = splu(a).solve(b)
+        assert_array_almost_equal(factorized(a)(b), expected)
+
+    def test_singular_without_umfpack(self):
+        use_solver(useUmfpack=False)
+        with assert_raises(RuntimeError, match="Factor is exactly singular"):
+            self._check_singular()
+
+    @pytest.mark.skipif(not has_umfpack, reason="umfpack not available")
+    def test_singular_with_umfpack(self):
+        use_solver(useUmfpack=True)
+        with suppress_warnings() as sup:
+            sup.filter(RuntimeWarning, "divide by zero encountered in double_scalars")
+            assert_warns(umfpack.UmfpackWarning, self._check_singular)
+
+    def test_non_singular_without_umfpack(self):
+        use_solver(useUmfpack=False)
+        self._check_non_singular()
+
+    @pytest.mark.skipif(not has_umfpack, reason="umfpack not available")
+    def test_non_singular_with_umfpack(self):
+        use_solver(useUmfpack=True)
+        self._check_non_singular()
+
+    def test_cannot_factorize_nonsquare_matrix_without_umfpack(self):
+        use_solver(useUmfpack=False)
+        msg = "can only factor square matrices"
+        with assert_raises(ValueError, match=msg):
+            factorized(self.A[:, :4])
+
+    @pytest.mark.skipif(not has_umfpack, reason="umfpack not available")
+    def test_factorizes_nonsquare_matrix_with_umfpack(self):
+        use_solver(useUmfpack=True)
+        # does not raise
+        factorized(self.A[:,:4])
+
+    def test_call_with_incorrectly_sized_matrix_without_umfpack(self):
+        use_solver(useUmfpack=False)
+        solve = factorized(self.A)
+
+        rng = np.random.default_rng(230498)
+        b = rng.random(4)
+        B = rng.random((4, 3))
+        BB = rng.random((self.n, 3, 9))
+
+        with assert_raises(ValueError, match="is of incompatible size"):
+            solve(b)
+        with assert_raises(ValueError, match="is of incompatible size"):
+            solve(B)
+        with assert_raises(ValueError,
+                           match="object too deep for desired array"):
+            solve(BB)
+
+    @pytest.mark.skipif(not has_umfpack, reason="umfpack not available")
+    def test_call_with_incorrectly_sized_matrix_with_umfpack(self):
+        use_solver(useUmfpack=True)
+        solve = factorized(self.A)
+
+        rng = np.random.default_rng(643095823)
+        b = rng.random(4)
+        B = rng.random((4, 3))
+        BB = rng.random((self.n, 3, 9))
+
+        # does not raise
+        solve(b)
+        msg = "object too deep for desired array"
+        with assert_raises(ValueError, match=msg):
+            solve(B)
+        with assert_raises(ValueError, match=msg):
+            solve(BB)
+
+    def test_call_with_cast_to_complex_without_umfpack(self):
+        use_solver(useUmfpack=False)
+        solve = factorized(self.A)
+        rng = np.random.default_rng(23454)
+        b = rng.random(4)
+        for t in [np.complex64, np.complex128]:
+            with assert_raises(TypeError, match="Cannot cast array data"):
+                solve(b.astype(t))
+
+    @pytest.mark.skipif(not has_umfpack, reason="umfpack not available")
+    def test_call_with_cast_to_complex_with_umfpack(self):
+        use_solver(useUmfpack=True)
+        solve = factorized(self.A)
+        rng = np.random.default_rng(23454)
+        b = rng.random(4)
+        for t in [np.complex64, np.complex128]:
+            assert_warns(ComplexWarning, solve, b.astype(t))
+
+    @pytest.mark.skipif(not has_umfpack, reason="umfpack not available")
+    def test_assume_sorted_indices_flag(self):
+        # a sparse matrix with unsorted indices
+        unsorted_inds = np.array([2, 0, 1, 0])
+        data = np.array([10, 16, 5, 0.4])
+        indptr = np.array([0, 1, 2, 4])
+        A = csc_array((data, unsorted_inds, indptr), (3, 3))
+        b = ones(3)
+
+        # should raise when incorrectly assuming indices are sorted
+        use_solver(useUmfpack=True, assumeSortedIndices=True)
+        with assert_raises(RuntimeError,
+                           match="UMFPACK_ERROR_invalid_matrix"):
+            factorized(A)
+
+        # should sort indices and succeed when not assuming indices are sorted
+        use_solver(useUmfpack=True, assumeSortedIndices=False)
+        expected = splu(A.copy()).solve(b)
+
+        assert_equal(A.has_sorted_indices, 0)
+        assert_array_almost_equal(factorized(A)(b), expected)
+
+    @pytest.mark.slow
+    @pytest.mark.skipif(not has_umfpack, reason="umfpack not available")
+    def test_bug_8278(self):
+        check_free_memory(8000)
+        use_solver(useUmfpack=True)
+        A, b = setup_bug_8278()
+        A = A.tocsc()
+        f = factorized(A)
+        x = f(b)
+        assert_array_almost_equal(A @ x, b)
+
+
+class TestLinsolve:
+    def setup_method(self):
+        use_solver(useUmfpack=False)
+
+    def test_singular(self):
+        A = csc_array((5,5), dtype='d')
+        b = array([1, 2, 3, 4, 5],dtype='d')
+        with suppress_warnings() as sup:
+            sup.filter(MatrixRankWarning, "Matrix is exactly singular")
+            x = spsolve(A, b)
+        assert_(not np.isfinite(x).any())
+
+    def test_singular_gh_3312(self):
+        # "Bad" test case that leads SuperLU to call LAPACK with invalid
+        # arguments. Check that it fails moderately gracefully.
+        ij = np.array([(17, 0), (17, 6), (17, 12), (10, 13)], dtype=np.int32)
+        v = np.array([0.284213, 0.94933781, 0.15767017, 0.38797296])
+        A = csc_array((v, ij.T), shape=(20, 20))
+        b = np.arange(20)
+
+        try:
+            # should either raise a runtime error or return value
+            # appropriate for singular input (which yields the warning)
+            with suppress_warnings() as sup:
+                sup.filter(MatrixRankWarning, "Matrix is exactly singular")
+                x = spsolve(A, b)
+            assert not np.isfinite(x).any()
+        except RuntimeError:
+            pass
+
+    @pytest.mark.parametrize('format', ['csc', 'csr'])
+    @pytest.mark.parametrize('idx_dtype', [np.int32, np.int64])
+    def test_twodiags(self, format: str, idx_dtype: np.dtype):
+        A = dia_array(([[1, 2, 3, 4, 5], [6, 5, 8, 9, 10]], [0, 1]),
+                        shape=(5, 5)).asformat(format)
+        b = array([1, 2, 3, 4, 5])
+
+        # condition number of A
+        cond_A = norm(A.toarray(), 2) * norm(inv(A.toarray()), 2)
+
+        for t in ['f','d','F','D']:
+            eps = finfo(t).eps  # floating point epsilon
+            b = b.astype(t)
+            Asp = A.astype(t)
+            Asp.indices = Asp.indices.astype(idx_dtype, copy=False)
+            Asp.indptr = Asp.indptr.astype(idx_dtype, copy=False)
+
+            x = spsolve(Asp, b)
+            assert_(norm(b - Asp@x) < 10 * cond_A * eps)
+
+    def test_bvector_smoketest(self):
+        Adense = array([[0., 1., 1.],
+                        [1., 0., 1.],
+                        [0., 0., 1.]])
+        As = csc_array(Adense)
+        rng = np.random.default_rng(1234)
+        x = rng.standard_normal(3)
+        b = As@x
+        x2 = spsolve(As, b)
+
+        assert_array_almost_equal(x, x2)
+
+    def test_bmatrix_smoketest(self):
+        Adense = array([[0., 1., 1.],
+                        [1., 0., 1.],
+                        [0., 0., 1.]])
+        As = csc_array(Adense)
+        rng = np.random.default_rng(1234)
+        x = rng.standard_normal((3, 4))
+        Bdense = As.dot(x)
+        Bs = csc_array(Bdense)
+        x2 = spsolve(As, Bs)
+        assert_array_almost_equal(x, x2.toarray())
+
+    @pytest.mark.thread_unsafe
+    @sup_sparse_efficiency
+    def test_non_square(self):
+        # A is not square.
+        A = ones((3, 4))
+        b = ones((4, 1))
+        assert_raises(ValueError, spsolve, A, b)
+        # A2 and b2 have incompatible shapes.
+        A2 = csc_array(eye(3))
+        b2 = array([1.0, 2.0])
+        assert_raises(ValueError, spsolve, A2, b2)
+
+    @pytest.mark.thread_unsafe
+    @sup_sparse_efficiency
+    def test_example_comparison(self):
+        row = array([0,0,1,2,2,2])
+        col = array([0,2,2,0,1,2])
+        data = array([1,2,3,-4,5,6])
+        sM = csr_array((data,(row,col)), shape=(3,3), dtype=float)
+        M = sM.toarray()
+
+        row = array([0,0,1,1,0,0])
+        col = array([0,2,1,1,0,0])
+        data = array([1,1,1,1,1,1])
+        sN = csr_array((data, (row,col)), shape=(3,3), dtype=float)
+        N = sN.toarray()
+
+        sX = spsolve(sM, sN)
+        X = scipy.linalg.solve(M, N)
+
+        assert_array_almost_equal(X, sX.toarray())
+
+    @pytest.mark.thread_unsafe
+    @sup_sparse_efficiency
+    @pytest.mark.skipif(not has_umfpack, reason="umfpack not available")
+    def test_shape_compatibility(self):
+        use_solver(useUmfpack=True)
+        A = csc_array([[1., 0], [0, 2]])
+        bs = [
+            [1, 6],
+            array([1, 6]),
+            [[1], [6]],
+            array([[1], [6]]),
+            csc_array([[1], [6]]),
+            csr_array([[1], [6]]),
+            dok_array([[1], [6]]),
+            bsr_array([[1], [6]]),
+            array([[1., 2., 3.], [6., 8., 10.]]),
+            csc_array([[1., 2., 3.], [6., 8., 10.]]),
+            csr_array([[1., 2., 3.], [6., 8., 10.]]),
+            dok_array([[1., 2., 3.], [6., 8., 10.]]),
+            bsr_array([[1., 2., 3.], [6., 8., 10.]]),
+            ]
+
+        for b in bs:
+            x = np.linalg.solve(A.toarray(), toarray(b))
+            for spmattype in [csc_array, csr_array, dok_array, lil_array]:
+                x1 = spsolve(spmattype(A), b, use_umfpack=True)
+                x2 = spsolve(spmattype(A), b, use_umfpack=False)
+
+                # check solution
+                if x.ndim == 2 and x.shape[1] == 1:
+                    # interprets also these as "vectors"
+                    x = x.ravel()
+
+                assert_array_almost_equal(toarray(x1), x,
+                                          err_msg=repr((b, spmattype, 1)))
+                assert_array_almost_equal(toarray(x2), x,
+                                          err_msg=repr((b, spmattype, 2)))
+
+                # dense vs. sparse output  ("vectors" are always dense)
+                if issparse(b) and x.ndim > 1:
+                    assert_(issparse(x1), repr((b, spmattype, 1)))
+                    assert_(issparse(x2), repr((b, spmattype, 2)))
+                else:
+                    assert_(isinstance(x1, np.ndarray), repr((b, spmattype, 1)))
+                    assert_(isinstance(x2, np.ndarray), repr((b, spmattype, 2)))
+
+                # check output shape
+                if x.ndim == 1:
+                    # "vector"
+                    assert_equal(x1.shape, (A.shape[1],))
+                    assert_equal(x2.shape, (A.shape[1],))
+                else:
+                    # "matrix"
+                    assert_equal(x1.shape, x.shape)
+                    assert_equal(x2.shape, x.shape)
+
+        A = csc_array((3, 3))
+        b = csc_array((1, 3))
+        assert_raises(ValueError, spsolve, A, b)
+
+    @pytest.mark.thread_unsafe
+    @sup_sparse_efficiency
+    def test_ndarray_support(self):
+        A = array([[1., 2.], [2., 0.]])
+        x = array([[1., 1.], [0.5, -0.5]])
+        b = array([[2., 0.], [2., 2.]])
+
+        assert_array_almost_equal(x, spsolve(A, b))
+
+    def test_gssv_badinput(self):
+        N = 10
+        d = arange(N) + 1.0
+        A = dia_array(((d, 2*d, d[::-1]), (-3, 0, 5)), shape=(N, N))
+
+        for container in (csc_array, csr_array):
+            A = container(A)
+            b = np.arange(N)
+
+            def not_c_contig(x):
+                return x.repeat(2)[::2]
+
+            def not_1dim(x):
+                return x[:,None]
+
+            def bad_type(x):
+                return x.astype(bool)
+
+            def too_short(x):
+                return x[:-1]
+
+            badops = [not_c_contig, not_1dim, bad_type, too_short]
+
+            for badop in badops:
+                msg = f"{container!r} {badop!r}"
+                # Not C-contiguous
+                assert_raises((ValueError, TypeError), _superlu.gssv,
+                              N, A.nnz, badop(A.data), A.indices, A.indptr,
+                              b, int(A.format == 'csc'), err_msg=msg)
+                assert_raises((ValueError, TypeError), _superlu.gssv,
+                              N, A.nnz, A.data, badop(A.indices), A.indptr,
+                              b, int(A.format == 'csc'), err_msg=msg)
+                assert_raises((ValueError, TypeError), _superlu.gssv,
+                              N, A.nnz, A.data, A.indices, badop(A.indptr),
+                              b, int(A.format == 'csc'), err_msg=msg)
+
+    def test_sparsity_preservation(self):
+        ident = csc_array([
+            [1, 0, 0],
+            [0, 1, 0],
+            [0, 0, 1]])
+        b = csc_array([
+            [0, 1],
+            [1, 0],
+            [0, 0]])
+        x = spsolve(ident, b)
+        assert_equal(ident.nnz, 3)
+        assert_equal(b.nnz, 2)
+        assert_equal(x.nnz, 2)
+        assert_allclose(x.toarray(), b.toarray(), atol=1e-12, rtol=1e-12)
+
+    def test_dtype_cast(self):
+        A_real = scipy.sparse.csr_array([[1, 2, 0],
+                                          [0, 0, 3],
+                                          [4, 0, 5]])
+        A_complex = scipy.sparse.csr_array([[1, 2, 0],
+                                             [0, 0, 3],
+                                             [4, 0, 5 + 1j]])
+        b_real = np.array([1,1,1])
+        b_complex = np.array([1,1,1]) + 1j*np.array([1,1,1])
+        x = spsolve(A_real, b_real)
+        assert_(np.issubdtype(x.dtype, np.floating))
+        x = spsolve(A_real, b_complex)
+        assert_(np.issubdtype(x.dtype, np.complexfloating))
+        x = spsolve(A_complex, b_real)
+        assert_(np.issubdtype(x.dtype, np.complexfloating))
+        x = spsolve(A_complex, b_complex)
+        assert_(np.issubdtype(x.dtype, np.complexfloating))
+
+    @pytest.mark.slow
+    @pytest.mark.skipif(not has_umfpack, reason="umfpack not available")
+    def test_bug_8278(self):
+        check_free_memory(8000)
+        use_solver(useUmfpack=True)
+        A, b = setup_bug_8278()
+        x = spsolve(A, b)
+        assert_array_almost_equal(A @ x, b)
+
+
+class TestSplu:
+    def setup_method(self):
+        use_solver(useUmfpack=False)
+        n = 40
+        d = arange(n) + 1
+        self.n = n
+        self.A = dia_array(((d, 2*d, d[::-1]), (-3, 0, 5)), shape=(n, n)).tocsc()
+
+    def _smoketest(self, spxlu, check, dtype, idx_dtype):
+        if np.issubdtype(dtype, np.complexfloating):
+            A = self.A + 1j*self.A.T
+        else:
+            A = self.A
+
+        A = A.astype(dtype)
+        A.indices = A.indices.astype(idx_dtype, copy=False)
+        A.indptr = A.indptr.astype(idx_dtype, copy=False)
+        lu = spxlu(A)
+
+        rng = np.random.RandomState(1234)
+
+        # Input shapes
+        for k in [None, 1, 2, self.n, self.n+2]:
+            msg = f"k={k!r}"
+
+            if k is None:
+                b = rng.rand(self.n)
+            else:
+                b = rng.rand(self.n, k)
+
+            if np.issubdtype(dtype, np.complexfloating):
+                b = b + 1j*rng.rand(*b.shape)
+            b = b.astype(dtype)
+
+            x = lu.solve(b)
+            check(A, b, x, msg)
+
+            x = lu.solve(b, 'T')
+            check(A.T, b, x, msg)
+
+            x = lu.solve(b, 'H')
+            check(A.T.conj(), b, x, msg)
+
+    @pytest.mark.thread_unsafe
+    @sup_sparse_efficiency
+    def test_splu_smoketest(self):
+        self._internal_test_splu_smoketest()
+
+    def _internal_test_splu_smoketest(self):
+        # Check that splu works at all
+        def check(A, b, x, msg=""):
+            eps = np.finfo(A.dtype).eps
+            r = A @ x
+            assert_(abs(r - b).max() < 1e3*eps, msg)
+
+        for dtype in [np.float32, np.float64, np.complex64, np.complex128]:
+            for idx_dtype in [np.int32, np.int64]:
+                self._smoketest(splu, check, dtype, idx_dtype)
+
+    @pytest.mark.thread_unsafe
+    @sup_sparse_efficiency
+    def test_spilu_smoketest(self):
+        self._internal_test_spilu_smoketest()
+
+    def _internal_test_spilu_smoketest(self):
+        errors = []
+
+        def check(A, b, x, msg=""):
+            r = A @ x
+            err = abs(r - b).max()
+            assert_(err < 1e-2, msg)
+            if b.dtype in (np.float64, np.complex128):
+                errors.append(err)
+
+        for dtype in [np.float32, np.float64, np.complex64, np.complex128]:
+            for idx_dtype in [np.int32, np.int64]:
+                self._smoketest(spilu, check, dtype, idx_dtype)
+
+        assert_(max(errors) > 1e-5)
+
+    @pytest.mark.thread_unsafe
+    @sup_sparse_efficiency
+    def test_spilu_drop_rule(self):
+        # Test passing in the drop_rule argument to spilu.
+        A = eye_array(2)
+
+        rules = [
+            b'basic,area'.decode('ascii'),  # unicode
+            b'basic,area',  # ascii
+            [b'basic', b'area'.decode('ascii')]
+        ]
+        for rule in rules:
+            # Argument should be accepted
+            assert_(isinstance(spilu(A, drop_rule=rule), SuperLU))
+
+    def test_splu_nnz0(self):
+        A = csc_array((5,5), dtype='d')
+        assert_raises(RuntimeError, splu, A)
+
+    def test_spilu_nnz0(self):
+        A = csc_array((5,5), dtype='d')
+        assert_raises(RuntimeError, spilu, A)
+
+    def test_splu_basic(self):
+        # Test basic splu functionality.
+        n = 30
+        rng = np.random.RandomState(12)
+        a = rng.rand(n, n)
+        a[a < 0.95] = 0
+        # First test with a singular matrix
+        a[:, 0] = 0
+        a_ = csc_array(a)
+        # Matrix is exactly singular
+        assert_raises(RuntimeError, splu, a_)
+
+        # Make a diagonal dominant, to make sure it is not singular
+        a += 4*eye(n)
+        a_ = csc_array(a)
+        lu = splu(a_)
+        b = ones(n)
+        x = lu.solve(b)
+        assert_almost_equal(dot(a, x), b)
+
+    def test_splu_perm(self):
+        # Test the permutation vectors exposed by splu.
+        n = 30
+        rng = np.random.default_rng(1342354)
+        a = rng.random((n, n))
+        a[a < 0.95] = 0
+        # Make a diagonal dominant, to make sure it is not singular
+        a += 4*eye(n)
+        a_ = csc_array(a)
+        lu = splu(a_)
+        # Check that the permutation indices do belong to [0, n-1].
+        for perm in (lu.perm_r, lu.perm_c):
+            assert_(all(perm > -1))
+            assert_(all(perm < n))
+            assert_equal(len(unique(perm)), len(perm))
+
+        # Now make a symmetric, and test that the two permutation vectors are
+        # the same
+        # Note: a += a.T relies on undefined behavior.
+        a = a + a.T
+        a_ = csc_array(a)
+        lu = splu(a_)
+        assert_array_equal(lu.perm_r, lu.perm_c)
+
+    @pytest.mark.parametrize("splu_fun, rtol", [(splu, 1e-7), (spilu, 1e-1)])
+    def test_natural_permc(self, splu_fun, rtol):
+        # Test that the "NATURAL" permc_spec does not permute the matrix
+        rng = np.random.RandomState(42)
+        n = 500
+        p = 0.01
+        A = scipy.sparse.random(n, n, p, random_state=rng)
+        x = rng.rand(n)
+        # Make A diagonal dominant to make sure it is not singular
+        A += (n+1)*scipy.sparse.eye_array(n)
+        A_ = csc_array(A)
+        b = A_ @ x
+
+        # without permc_spec, permutation is not identity
+        lu = splu_fun(A_)
+        assert_(np.any(lu.perm_c != np.arange(n)))
+
+        # with permc_spec="NATURAL", permutation is identity
+        lu = splu_fun(A_, permc_spec="NATURAL")
+        assert_array_equal(lu.perm_c, np.arange(n))
+
+        # Also, lu decomposition is valid
+        x2 = lu.solve(b)
+        assert_allclose(x, x2, rtol=rtol)
+
+    @pytest.mark.skipif(not hasattr(sys, 'getrefcount'), reason="no sys.getrefcount")
+    def test_lu_refcount(self):
+        # Test that we are keeping track of the reference count with splu.
+        n = 30
+        rng = np.random.default_rng(1342354)
+        a = rng.random((n, n))
+        a[a < 0.95] = 0
+        # Make a diagonal dominant, to make sure it is not singular
+        a += 4*eye(n)
+        a_ = csc_array(a)
+        lu = splu(a_)
+
+        # And now test that we don't have a refcount bug
+        rc = sys.getrefcount(lu)
+        for attr in ('perm_r', 'perm_c'):
+            perm = getattr(lu, attr)
+            assert_equal(sys.getrefcount(lu), rc + 1)
+            del perm
+            assert_equal(sys.getrefcount(lu), rc)
+
+    def test_bad_inputs(self):
+        A = self.A.tocsc()
+        rng = np.random.default_rng(235634)
+
+        assert_raises(ValueError, splu, A[:,:4])
+        assert_raises(ValueError, spilu, A[:,:4])
+
+        for lu in [splu(A), spilu(A)]:
+            b = rng.random(42)
+            B = rng.random((42, 3))
+            BB = rng.random((self.n, 3, 9))
+            assert_raises(ValueError, lu.solve, b)
+            assert_raises(ValueError, lu.solve, B)
+            assert_raises(ValueError, lu.solve, BB)
+            assert_raises(TypeError, lu.solve,
+                          b.astype(np.complex64))
+            assert_raises(TypeError, lu.solve,
+                          b.astype(np.complex128))
+
+    @pytest.mark.thread_unsafe
+    @sup_sparse_efficiency
+    def test_superlu_dlamch_i386_nan(self):
+        # SuperLU 4.3 calls some functions returning floats without
+        # declaring them. On i386@linux call convention, this fails to
+        # clear floating point registers after call. As a result, NaN
+        # can appear in the next floating point operation made.
+        #
+        # Here's a test case that triggered the issue.
+        n = 8
+        d = np.arange(n) + 1
+        A = dia_array(((d, 2*d, d[::-1]), (-3, 0, 5)), shape=(n, n))
+        A = A.astype(np.float32)
+        spilu(A)
+        A = A + 1j*A
+        B = A.toarray()
+        assert_(not np.isnan(B).any())
+
+    @pytest.mark.thread_unsafe
+    @sup_sparse_efficiency
+    def test_lu_attr(self):
+
+        def check(dtype, complex_2=False):
+            A = self.A.astype(dtype)
+
+            if complex_2:
+                A = A + 1j*A.T
+
+            n = A.shape[0]
+            lu = splu(A)
+
+            # Check that the decomposition is as advertised
+
+            Pc = np.zeros((n, n))
+            Pc[np.arange(n), lu.perm_c] = 1
+
+            Pr = np.zeros((n, n))
+            Pr[lu.perm_r, np.arange(n)] = 1
+
+            Ad = A.toarray()
+            lhs = Pr.dot(Ad).dot(Pc)
+            rhs = (lu.L @ lu.U).toarray()
+
+            eps = np.finfo(dtype).eps
+
+            assert_allclose(lhs, rhs, atol=100*eps)
+
+        check(np.float32)
+        check(np.float64)
+        check(np.complex64)
+        check(np.complex128)
+        check(np.complex64, True)
+        check(np.complex128, True)
+
+    @pytest.mark.thread_unsafe
+    @pytest.mark.slow
+    @sup_sparse_efficiency
+    def test_threads_parallel(self):
+        oks = []
+
+        def worker():
+            try:
+                self.test_splu_basic()
+                self._internal_test_splu_smoketest()
+                self._internal_test_spilu_smoketest()
+                oks.append(True)
+            except Exception:
+                pass
+
+        threads = [threading.Thread(target=worker)
+                   for k in range(20)]
+        for t in threads:
+            t.start()
+        for t in threads:
+            t.join()
+
+        assert_equal(len(oks), 20)
+
+    @pytest.mark.thread_unsafe
+    def test_singular_matrix(self):
+        # Test that SuperLU does not print to stdout when a singular matrix is
+        # passed. See gh-20993.
+        A = eye_array(10, format='csr')
+        A[-1, -1] = 0
+        b = np.zeros(10)
+        with pytest.warns(MatrixRankWarning):
+            res = spsolve(A, b)
+            assert np.isnan(res).all()
+
+
+class TestGstrsErrors:
+    def setup_method(self):
+      self.A = array([[1.0,2.0,3.0],[4.0,5.0,6.0],[7.0,8.0,9.0]], dtype=np.float64)
+      self.b = np.array([[1.0],[2.0],[3.0]], dtype=np.float64)
+
+    def test_trans(self):
+        L = scipy.sparse.tril(self.A, format='csc')
+        U = scipy.sparse.triu(self.A, k=1, format='csc')
+        with assert_raises(ValueError, match="trans must be N, T, or H"):
+            _superlu.gstrs('X', L.shape[0], L.nnz, L.data, L.indices, L.indptr,
+                                U.shape[0], U.nnz, U.data, U.indices, U.indptr, self.b)
+
+    def test_shape_LU(self):
+        L = scipy.sparse.tril(self.A[0:2,0:2], format='csc')
+        U = scipy.sparse.triu(self.A, k=1, format='csc')
+        with assert_raises(ValueError, match="L and U must have the same dimension"):
+            _superlu.gstrs('N', L.shape[0], L.nnz, L.data, L.indices, L.indptr,
+                                U.shape[0], U.nnz, U.data, U.indices, U.indptr, self.b)
+
+    def test_shape_b(self):
+        L = scipy.sparse.tril(self.A, format='csc')
+        U = scipy.sparse.triu(self.A, k=1, format='csc')
+        with assert_raises(ValueError, match="right hand side array has invalid shape"):
+            _superlu.gstrs('N', L.shape[0], L.nnz, L.data, L.indices, L.indptr,
+                                U.shape[0], U.nnz, U.data, U.indices, U.indptr,
+                                self.b[0:2])
+
+    def test_types_differ(self):
+        L = scipy.sparse.tril(self.A.astype(np.float32), format='csc')
+        U = scipy.sparse.triu(self.A, k=1, format='csc')
+        with assert_raises(TypeError, match="nzvals types of L and U differ"):
+            _superlu.gstrs('N', L.shape[0], L.nnz, L.data, L.indices, L.indptr,
+                                U.shape[0], U.nnz, U.data, U.indices, U.indptr, self.b)
+
+    def test_types_unsupported(self):
+        L = scipy.sparse.tril(self.A.astype(np.uint8), format='csc')
+        U = scipy.sparse.triu(self.A.astype(np.uint8), k=1, format='csc')
+        with assert_raises(TypeError, match="nzvals is not of a type supported"):
+            _superlu.gstrs('N', L.shape[0], L.nnz, L.data, L.indices, L.indptr,
+                                U.shape[0], U.nnz, U.data, U.indices, U.indptr,
+                                self.b.astype(np.uint8))
+
+class TestSpsolveTriangular:
+    def setup_method(self):
+        use_solver(useUmfpack=False)
+
+    @pytest.mark.parametrize("fmt",["csr","csc"])
+    def test_zero_diagonal(self,fmt):
+        n = 5
+        rng = np.random.default_rng(43876432987)
+        A = rng.standard_normal((n, n))
+        b = np.arange(n)
+        A = scipy.sparse.tril(A, k=0, format=fmt)
+
+        x = spsolve_triangular(A, b, unit_diagonal=True, lower=True)
+
+        A.setdiag(1)
+        assert_allclose(A.dot(x), b)
+
+        # Regression test from gh-15199
+        A = np.array([[0, 0, 0], [1, 0, 0], [1, 1, 0]], dtype=np.float64)
+        b = np.array([1., 2., 3.])
+        with suppress_warnings() as sup:
+            sup.filter(SparseEfficiencyWarning, "CSC or CSR matrix format is")
+            spsolve_triangular(A, b, unit_diagonal=True)
+
+    @pytest.mark.parametrize("fmt",["csr","csc"])
+    def test_singular(self,fmt):
+        n = 5
+        if fmt == "csr":
+            A = csr_array((n, n))
+        else:
+            A = csc_array((n, n))
+        b = np.arange(n)
+        for lower in (True, False):
+            assert_raises(scipy.linalg.LinAlgError,
+                          spsolve_triangular, A, b, lower=lower)
+
+    @pytest.mark.thread_unsafe
+    @sup_sparse_efficiency
+    def test_bad_shape(self):
+        # A is not square.
+        A = np.zeros((3, 4))
+        b = ones((4, 1))
+        assert_raises(ValueError, spsolve_triangular, A, b)
+        # A2 and b2 have incompatible shapes.
+        A2 = csr_array(eye(3))
+        b2 = array([1.0, 2.0])
+        assert_raises(ValueError, spsolve_triangular, A2, b2)
+
+    @pytest.mark.thread_unsafe
+    @sup_sparse_efficiency
+    def test_input_types(self):
+        A = array([[1., 0.], [1., 2.]])
+        b = array([[2., 0.], [2., 2.]])
+        for matrix_type in (array, csc_array, csr_array):
+            x = spsolve_triangular(matrix_type(A), b, lower=True)
+            assert_array_almost_equal(A.dot(x), b)
+
+    @pytest.mark.thread_unsafe
+    @pytest.mark.slow
+    @sup_sparse_efficiency
+    @pytest.mark.parametrize("n", [10, 10**2, 10**3])
+    @pytest.mark.parametrize("m", [1, 10])
+    @pytest.mark.parametrize("lower", [True, False])
+    @pytest.mark.parametrize("format", ["csr", "csc"])
+    @pytest.mark.parametrize("unit_diagonal", [False, True])
+    @pytest.mark.parametrize("choice_of_A", ["real", "complex"])
+    @pytest.mark.parametrize("choice_of_b", ["floats", "ints", "complexints"])
+    def test_random(self, n, m, lower, format, unit_diagonal, choice_of_A, choice_of_b):
+        def random_triangle_matrix(n, lower=True, format="csr", choice_of_A="real"):
+            if choice_of_A == "real":
+                dtype = np.float64
+            elif choice_of_A == "complex":
+                dtype = np.complex128
+            else:
+                raise ValueError("choice_of_A must be 'real' or 'complex'.")
+            rng = np.random.default_rng(789002319)
+            rvs = rng.random
+            A = scipy.sparse.random(n, n, density=0.1, format='lil', dtype=dtype,
+                    random_state=rng, data_rvs=rvs)
+            if lower:
+                A = scipy.sparse.tril(A, format="lil")
+            else:
+                A = scipy.sparse.triu(A, format="lil")
+            for i in range(n):
+                A[i, i] = np.random.rand() + 1
+            if format == "csc":
+                A = A.tocsc(copy=False)
+            else:
+                A = A.tocsr(copy=False)
+            return A
+
+        rng = np.random.default_rng(1234)
+        A = random_triangle_matrix(n, lower=lower)
+        if choice_of_b == "floats":
+            b = rng.random((n, m))
+        elif choice_of_b == "ints":
+            b = rng.integers(-9, 9, (n, m))
+        elif choice_of_b == "complexints":
+            b = rng.integers(-9, 9, (n, m)) + rng.integers(-9, 9, (n, m)) * 1j
+        else:
+            raise ValueError(
+                "choice_of_b must be 'floats', 'ints', or 'complexints'.")
+        x = spsolve_triangular(A, b, lower=lower, unit_diagonal=unit_diagonal)
+        if unit_diagonal:
+            A.setdiag(1)
+        assert_allclose(A.dot(x), b, atol=1.5e-6)
+
+
+@pytest.mark.thread_unsafe
+@sup_sparse_efficiency
+@pytest.mark.parametrize("nnz", [10, 10**2, 10**3])
+@pytest.mark.parametrize("fmt", ["csr", "csc", "coo", "dia", "dok", "lil"])
+def test_is_sptriangular_and_spbandwidth(nnz, fmt):
+    rng = np.random.default_rng(42)
+
+    N = nnz // 2
+    dens = 0.1
+    A = scipy.sparse.random_array((N, N), density=dens, format="csr", rng=rng)
+    A[1, 3] = A[3, 1] = 22  # ensure not upper or lower
+    A = A.asformat(fmt)
+    AU = scipy.sparse.triu(A, format=fmt)
+    AL = scipy.sparse.tril(A, format=fmt)
+    D = 0.1 * scipy.sparse.eye_array(N, format=fmt)
+
+    assert is_sptriangular(A) == (False, False)
+    assert is_sptriangular(AL) == (True, False)
+    assert is_sptriangular(AU) == (False, True)
+    assert is_sptriangular(D) == (True, True)
+
+    assert spbandwidth(A) == scipy.linalg.bandwidth(A.toarray())
+    assert spbandwidth(AU) == scipy.linalg.bandwidth(AU.toarray())
+    assert spbandwidth(AL) == scipy.linalg.bandwidth(AL.toarray())
+    assert spbandwidth(D) == scipy.linalg.bandwidth(D.toarray())