passagemath-singular 10.6.31rc3__cp314-cp314-manylinux_2_27_aarch64.manylinux_2_28_aarch64.whl

sage/libs/singular/ring.pyx

@@ -0,0 +1,893 @@
+# sage_setup: distribution = sagemath-singular
+"""
+Wrapper for Singular's Rings
+
+AUTHORS:
+
+- Martin Albrecht (2009-07): initial implementation
+
+- Kwankyu Lee (2010-06): added matrix term order support
+
+- Miguel Marco (2021): added transcendental extensions over Q
+"""
+# ****************************************************************************
+#       Copyright (C) 2009 Martin Albrecht <malb@informatik.uni-bremen.de>
+#
+#  Distributed under the terms of the GNU General Public License (GPL)
+#                  https://www.gnu.org/licenses/
+# ****************************************************************************
+
+from sage.cpython.string cimport str_to_bytes, bytes_to_str
+
+from sage.libs.gmp.types cimport __mpz_struct
+from sage.libs.gmp.mpz cimport mpz_init_set
+
+from sage.libs.singular.decl cimport ring, currRing
+from sage.libs.singular.decl cimport rChangeCurrRing, rComplete, rDelete, idInit
+from sage.libs.singular.decl cimport omAlloc0, omStrDup, omAlloc
+from sage.libs.singular.decl cimport ringorder_dp, ringorder_Dp, ringorder_lp, ringorder_ip, ringorder_ds, ringorder_Ds, ringorder_ls, ringorder_M, ringorder_c, ringorder_C, ringorder_wp, ringorder_Wp, ringorder_ws, ringorder_Ws, ringorder_a, rRingOrder_t
+from sage.libs.singular.decl cimport prCopyR
+from sage.libs.singular.decl cimport n_unknown, n_algExt, n_transExt, n_Z, n_Zn,  n_Znm, n_Z2m
+from sage.libs.singular.decl cimport n_coeffType
+from sage.libs.singular.decl cimport rDefault, GFInfo, ZnmInfo, nInitChar, AlgExtInfo, TransExtInfo
+
+
+from sage.rings.integer cimport Integer
+from sage.rings.integer_ring cimport IntegerRing_class
+import sage.rings.abc
+from sage.rings.number_field.number_field_base cimport NumberField
+from sage.rings.rational_field import RationalField
+from sage.rings.finite_rings.finite_field_base import FiniteField as FiniteField_generic
+
+from sage.rings.polynomial.term_order import TermOrder
+from sage.rings.polynomial.multi_polynomial_libsingular cimport MPolynomial_libsingular, MPolynomialRing_libsingular
+from sage.rings.polynomial.polynomial_ring_constructor import PolynomialRing
+
+from sage.rings.polynomial.polynomial_ring import PolynomialRing_field
+
+from sage.rings.fraction_field import FractionField_generic
+
+from cpython.object cimport Py_EQ, Py_NE
+
+from collections import defaultdict
+
+
+# mapping str --> SINGULAR representation
+order_dict = {
+    "dp": ringorder_dp,
+    "Dp": ringorder_Dp,
+    "lp": ringorder_lp,
+    "ip": ringorder_ip,
+    "ds": ringorder_ds,
+    "Ds": ringorder_Ds,
+    "ls": ringorder_ls,
+    "wp": ringorder_wp,
+    "Wp": ringorder_Wp,
+    "ws": ringorder_ws,
+    "Ws": ringorder_Ws,
+    "a":  ringorder_a,
+}
+
+cdef extern from "singular/Singular/libsingular.h":
+    cdef char * rSimpleOrdStr(rRingOrder_t)
+
+if bytes_to_str(rSimpleOrdStr(ringorder_ip)) == "rp":
+    # compatibility for singular 4.3.2p10 and before
+    order_dict["rp"] = ringorder_ip
+    # also patch term_order mappings
+    from sage.rings.polynomial import term_order
+    term_order.singular_name_mapping['invlex'] = 'rp'
+    term_order.inv_singular_name_mapping['rp'] = 'invlex'
+
+#############################################################################
+cdef ring *singular_ring_new(base_ring, n, names, term_order) except NULL:
+    r"""
+    Create a new Singular ring over the ``base_ring`` in ``n``
+    variables with the names ``names`` and the term order
+    ``term_order``.
+
+    INPUT:
+
+    - ``base_ring`` -- a Sage ring
+
+    - ``n`` -- the number of variables (> 0)
+
+    - ``names`` -- list of names of length ``n``
+
+    - ``term_order`` -- a term ordering
+
+    EXAMPLES::
+
+        sage: P.<x,y,z> = QQ[]
+        sage: P
+        Multivariate Polynomial Ring in x, y, z over Rational Field
+
+        sage: P.term_order()
+        Degree reverse lexicographic term order
+
+        sage: P = PolynomialRing(GF(127),3,names='abc', order='lex')
+        sage: P
+        Multivariate Polynomial Ring in a, b, c over Finite Field of size 127
+
+        sage: P.term_order()
+        Lexicographic term order
+
+        sage: z = QQ['z'].0
+        sage: K.<s> = NumberField(z^2 - 2)
+        sage: P.<x,y> = PolynomialRing(K, 2)
+
+        sage: P.<x,y,z> = ZZ[]; P
+        Multivariate Polynomial Ring in x, y, z over Integer Ring
+
+        sage: P.<x,y,z> = Zmod(2^10)[]; P
+        Multivariate Polynomial Ring in x, y, z over Ring of integers modulo 1024
+
+        sage: P.<x,y,z> = Zmod(3^10)[]; P
+        Multivariate Polynomial Ring in x, y, z over Ring of integers modulo 59049
+
+        sage: P.<x,y,z> = Zmod(2^100)[]; P
+        Multivariate Polynomial Ring in x, y, z over Ring of integers modulo 1267650600228229401496703205376
+
+        sage: P.<x,y,z> = Zmod(2521352)[]; P
+        Multivariate Polynomial Ring in x, y, z over Ring of integers modulo 2521352
+
+        sage: P.<x,y,z> = Zmod(25213521351515232)[]; P
+        Multivariate Polynomial Ring in x, y, z over Ring of integers modulo 25213521351515232
+
+        sage: K = PolynomialRing(QQ, 's,t').fraction_field()
+        sage: P.<x,y> = K[]; P
+        Multivariate Polynomial Ring in x, y over Fraction Field of Multivariate Polynomial Ring in s, t over Rational Field
+
+        sage: F = PolynomialRing(FiniteField(7),'a,b').fraction_field()
+        sage: R.<x,y,z> = F[]
+        sage: R
+        Multivariate Polynomial Ring in x, y, z over Fraction Field of Multivariate Polynomial Ring in a, b over Finite Field of size 7
+
+    TESTS:
+
+    Check that ``degneglex`` and ``degrevlex`` are the same up to reversal of
+    variables (:issue:`29635`)::
+
+        sage: R = PolynomialRing(QQ, 'x', 4, order='degrevlex')
+        sage: S = PolynomialRing(QQ, tuple(reversed(R.gens())), order='degneglex')
+        sage: L = [v for d in (0..4) for v in IntegerVectors(d, 4)]
+        sage: sorted([R.monomial(*e) for e in L]) == sorted([S.monomial(*e) for e in L])
+        True
+
+    Check that we are using the libsingular backend instead of the pexpect one::
+
+        sage: F = PolynomialRing(FiniteField(7),'a,b').fraction_field()
+        sage: R.<x,y,z> = F[]
+        sage: from sage.libs.singular.function import singular_function
+        sage: sing_print = singular_function('print')
+        sage: print(sing_print(R))
+        polynomial ring, over a field, global ordering
+        // coefficients: ZZ/7(a, b)...
+        // number of vars : 3
+        //        block   1 : ordering dp
+        //                  : names    x y z
+        //        block   2 : ordering C
+
+    ::
+
+        sage: F = PolynomialRing(QQ, 's,t').fraction_field()
+        sage: R.<x,y,z> = F[]
+        sage: from sage.libs.singular.function import singular_function
+        sage: print(sing_print(R))
+        polynomial ring, over a field, global ordering
+        // coefficients: QQ(s, t)...
+        // number of vars : 3
+        //        block   1 : ordering dp
+        //                  : names    x y z
+        //        block   2 : ordering C
+
+    Small primes::
+
+        sage: R = PolynomialRing(GF(2), ("a", "b"), implementation="singular"); print(sing_print(R))
+        polynomial ring, over a field, global ordering
+        // coefficients: ZZ/2...
+        // number of vars : 2
+        //        block   1 : ordering dp
+        //                  : names    a b
+        //        block   2 : ordering C
+        sage: R = PolynomialRing(GF(3), ("a", "b"), implementation="singular"); print(sing_print(R))
+        polynomial ring, over a field, global ordering
+        // coefficients: ZZ/3...
+        // number of vars : 2
+        //        block   1 : ordering dp
+        //                  : names    a b
+        //        block   2 : ordering C
+        sage: R = PolynomialRing(GF(1000000007), ("a", "b"), implementation="singular"); print(sing_print(R))
+        polynomial ring, over a field, global ordering
+        // coefficients: ZZ/1000000007...
+        // number of vars : 2
+        //        block   1 : ordering dp
+        //                  : names    a b
+        //        block   2 : ordering C
+
+    When ``Zmod`` is used, use a different Singular type
+    (note that the print is wrong, the field in fact doesn't have zero-divisors)::
+
+        sage: R = PolynomialRing(Zmod(2), ("a", "b"), implementation="singular"); print(sing_print(R))
+        polynomial ring, over a ring (with zero-divisors), global ordering
+        // coefficients: ZZ/(2)...
+        // number of vars : 2
+        //        block   1 : ordering dp
+        //                  : names    a b
+        //        block   2 : ordering C
+        sage: R = PolynomialRing(Zmod(3), ("a", "b"), implementation="singular"); print(sing_print(R))
+        polynomial ring, over a ring (with zero-divisors), global ordering
+        // coefficients: ZZ/(3)...
+        // number of vars : 2
+        //        block   1 : ordering dp
+        //                  : names    a b
+        //        block   2 : ordering C
+
+    Large prime (note that the print is wrong, the field in fact doesn't have zero-divisors)::
+
+        sage: R = PolynomialRing(GF(2^128+51), ("a", "b"), implementation="singular"); print(sing_print(R))
+        polynomial ring, over a ring (with zero-divisors), global ordering
+        // coefficients: ZZ/bigint(340282366920938463463374607431768211507)...
+        // number of vars : 2
+        //        block   1 : ordering dp
+        //                  : names    a b
+        //        block   2 : ordering C
+
+    Finite field with large degree (note that if stack size is too small and the exponent is too large
+    a stack overflow may happen inside libsingular)::
+
+        sage: R = PolynomialRing(GF(2^160), ("a", "b"), implementation="singular"); print(sing_print(R))
+        polynomial ring, over a field, global ordering
+        // coefficients: ZZ/2[z160]/(z160^160+z160^159+z160^155+z160^154+z160^153+z160^152+z160^151+z160^149+z160^148+z160^147+z160^146+z160^145+z160^144+z160^143+z160^141+z160^139+z160^137+z160^131+z160^129+z160^128+z160^127+z160^126+z160^123+z160^122+z160^121+z160^117+z160^116+z160^115+z160^113+z160^111+z160^110+z160^108+z160^106+z160^102+z160^100+z160^99+z160^97+z160^96+z160^95+z160^94+z160^93+z160^92+z160^91+z160^87+z160^86+z160^82+z160^80+z160^79+z160^78+z160^74+z160^73+z160^72+z160^71+z160^70+z160^67+z160^66+z160^65+z160^62+z160^59+z160^58+z160^57+z160^55+z160^54+z160^53+z160^52+z160^51+z160^49+z160^47+z160^44+z160^40+z160^35+z160^32+z160^30+z160^28+z160^27+z160^26+z160^24+z160^23+z160^21+z160^20+z160^18+z160^16+z160^11+z160^10+z160^8+z160^7+1)...
+        // number of vars : 2
+        //        block   1 : ordering dp
+        //                  : names    a b
+        //        block   2 : ordering C
+
+    Integer modulo small power of 2::
+
+        sage: R = PolynomialRing(Zmod(2^32), ("a", "b"), implementation="singular"); print(sing_print(R))
+        polynomial ring, over a ring (with zero-divisors), global ordering
+        // coefficients: ZZ/(2^32)...
+        // number of vars : 2
+        //        block   1 : ordering dp
+        //                  : names    a b
+        //        block   2 : ordering C
+
+    Integer modulo large power of 2::
+
+        sage: R = PolynomialRing(Zmod(2^1000), ("a", "b"), implementation="singular"); print(sing_print(R))
+        polynomial ring, over a ring (with zero-divisors), global ordering
+        // coefficients: ZZ/(bigint(2)^1000)...
+        // number of vars : 2
+        //        block   1 : ordering dp
+        //                  : names    a b
+        //        block   2 : ordering C
+
+    Integer modulo large power of odd prime::
+
+        sage: R = PolynomialRing(Zmod(3^300), ("a", "b"), implementation="singular"); print(sing_print(R))
+        polynomial ring, over a ring (with zero-divisors), global ordering
+        // coefficients: ZZ/(bigint(3)^300)...
+        // number of vars : 2
+        //        block   1 : ordering dp
+        //                  : names    a b
+        //        block   2 : ordering C
+
+    Integer modulo non-prime::
+
+        sage: R = PolynomialRing(Zmod(15^20), ("a", "b"), implementation="singular"); print(sing_print(R))
+        polynomial ring, over a ring (with zero-divisors), global ordering
+        // coefficients: ZZ/bigint(332525673007965087890625)...
+        // number of vars : 2
+        //        block   1 : ordering dp
+        //                  : names    a b
+        //        block   2 : ordering C
+
+    Non-prime finite field with large characteristic (not supported, see :issue:`33319`)::
+
+        sage: PolynomialRing(GF((2^31+11)^2), ("a", "b"), implementation="singular")
+        Traceback (most recent call last):
+        ...
+        TypeError: characteristic must be <= 2147483647.
+    """
+    cdef long cexponent
+    cdef GFInfo* _param
+    cdef ZnmInfo _info
+    cdef ring* _ring
+    cdef char **_names
+    cdef char **_ext_names
+    cdef int i,j
+    cdef int nblcks
+    cdef int offset
+    cdef int nvars
+    cdef int characteristic
+    cdef Integer ch, modbase
+    cdef int ringorder_column_pos
+    cdef int ringorder_column_asc
+
+    cdef int ngens
+
+    cdef n_coeffType ringtype = n_unknown
+    cdef MPolynomialRing_libsingular k
+    cdef MPolynomial_libsingular minpoly
+    cdef AlgExtInfo extParam
+    cdef TransExtInfo trextParam
+    cdef n_coeffType _type = n_unknown
+
+    #cdef cfInitCharProc myfunctionptr;
+
+    _ring  = NULL
+
+    n = int(n)
+    if n < 1:
+        raise NotImplementedError(f"polynomials in {n} variables are not supported in Singular")
+
+    nvars = n
+    order = TermOrder(term_order, n)
+
+    cdef nbaseblcks = len(order.blocks())
+    nblcks = nbaseblcks + order.singular_moreblocks() + 1  # one block for ringorder column
+    offset = 0
+
+    if (order._singular_ringorder_column is None or
+        order._singular_ringorder_column < 0 or
+        order._singular_ringorder_column >= 2*nbaseblcks+2):
+        ringorder_column_pos = nbaseblcks
+        ringorder_column_type = ringorder_C
+    else:
+        ringorder_column_pos = order._singular_ringorder_column // 2
+        ringorder_column_type = (ringorder_C if order._singular_ringorder_column % 2 == 0
+                                             else ringorder_c)
+
+    _names = <char**>omAlloc0(sizeof(char*)*(len(names)))
+    for i from 0 <= i < n:
+        _name = str_to_bytes(names[i])
+        _names[i] = omStrDup(_name)
+
+    # from the SINGULAR source code documentation for the rInit function
+    ##  characteristic --------------------------------------------------
+    ##  input: 0 ch=0 : Q     parameter=NULL    ffChar=FALSE   float_len (done)
+    ##         0    1 : Q(a,...)        *names         FALSE             (done)
+    ##         0   -1 : R               NULL           FALSE  0
+    ##         0   -1 : R               NULL           FALSE  prec. >6
+    ##         0   -1 : C               *names         FALSE  prec. 0..?
+    ##         p    p : Fp              NULL           FALSE             (done)
+    ##         p   -p : Fp(a)           *names         FALSE             (done)
+    ##         q    q : GF(q=p^n)       *names         TRUE              (todo)
+
+    _wvhdl  = <int **>omAlloc0((nblcks + 2) * sizeof(int *))
+    _order  = <rRingOrder_t *>omAlloc0((nblcks + 2) * sizeof(int))
+    _block0 = <int *>omAlloc0((nblcks + 2) * sizeof(int))
+    _block1 = <int *>omAlloc0((nblcks + 2) * sizeof(int))
+
+    cdef int idx = 0
+    for i from 0 <= i < nbaseblcks:
+        if i == ringorder_column_pos:
+            _order[idx] = ringorder_column_type
+            idx += 1
+        s = order[i].singular_str()
+        if s[0] == 'M': # matrix order
+            _order[idx] = ringorder_M
+            mtx = order[i].matrix().list()
+            wv = <int *>omAlloc0(len(mtx)*sizeof(int))
+            for j in range(len(mtx)):
+                wv[j] = int(mtx[j])
+            _wvhdl[idx] = wv
+        elif s[0] == 'w' or s[0] == 'W': # weighted degree orders
+            _order[idx] = order_dict.get(s[:2], ringorder_dp)
+            wts = order[i].weights()
+            wv = <int *>omAlloc0(len(wts)*sizeof(int))
+            for j in range(len(wts)):
+                wv[j] = int(wts[j])
+            _wvhdl[idx] = wv
+        elif s[0] == '(' and order[i].name() == 'degneglex':  # "(a(1:n),ls(n))"
+            _order[idx] = ringorder_a
+            if not order[i]:    # may be zero for arbitrary-length orders
+                nlen = n
+            else:
+                nlen = len(order[i])
+
+            _wvhdl[idx] = <int *>omAlloc0(len(order[i])*sizeof(int))
+            for j in range(nlen):
+                _wvhdl[idx][j] = 1
+            _block0[idx] = offset + 1     # same like subsequent ls block
+            _block1[idx] = offset + nlen
+
+            idx += 1                      # we need one more block here
+            _order[idx] = ringorder_ls
+
+        else: # ordinary orders
+            _order[idx] = order_dict.get(s, ringorder_dp)
+
+        _block0[idx] = offset + 1
+        if not order[i]: # may be zero in some cases
+            _block1[idx] = offset + n
+        else:
+            _block1[idx] = offset + len(order[i])
+        offset = _block1[idx]
+        idx += 1
+
+    if ringorder_column_pos >= nbaseblcks:
+        _order[idx] = ringorder_column_type
+
+    if isinstance(base_ring, RationalField):
+        characteristic = 0
+        _ring = rDefault(characteristic, nvars, _names, nblcks,
+                         _order, _block0, _block1, _wvhdl)
+
+    elif isinstance(base_ring, FractionField_generic) and isinstance(base_ring.base(), (MPolynomialRing_libsingular, PolynomialRing_field)) and isinstance(base_ring.base().base_ring(), RationalField):
+        characteristic = 1
+        k = PolynomialRing(RationalField(),
+                           names=base_ring.variable_names(), order='lex',
+                           implementation='singular')
+
+        ngens = len(k.gens())
+
+        _ext_names = <char**>omAlloc0(ngens*sizeof(char*))
+        for i in range(ngens):
+            _name = str_to_bytes(k._names[i])
+            _ext_names[i] = omStrDup(_name)
+
+        _cfr = rDefault( 0, ngens, _ext_names )
+        rComplete(_cfr, 1)
+
+        trextParam.r = _cfr
+
+        _cf = nInitChar(n_transExt, <void *>&trextParam)
+
+        if (_cf is NULL):
+            raise RuntimeError("Failed to allocate _cf ring.")
+
+        _ring = rDefault (_cf, nvars, _names, nblcks, _order, _block0, _block1, _wvhdl)
+
+    elif isinstance(base_ring, FractionField_generic) and isinstance(base_ring.base(), (MPolynomialRing_libsingular, PolynomialRing_field)) and isinstance(base_ring.base().base_ring(), FiniteField_generic):
+        if not base_ring.base_ring().is_prime_field():
+            raise NotImplementedError("Transcental extension are not implemented for non-prime finite fields")
+        characteristic = int(base_ring.characteristic())
+        k = PolynomialRing(base_ring.base_ring(),
+            names=base_ring.variable_names(), order='lex', implementation='singular')
+
+        ngens = len(k.gens())
+
+        _ext_names = <char**>omAlloc0(ngens*sizeof(char*))
+        for i in range(ngens):
+            _name = str_to_bytes(k._names[i])
+            _ext_names[i] = omStrDup(_name)
+
+        _cfr = rDefault( characteristic, ngens, _ext_names )
+        rComplete(_cfr, 1)
+
+        trextParam.r = _cfr
+
+        _cf = nInitChar(n_transExt, <void *>&trextParam)
+
+        if (_cf is NULL):
+            raise RuntimeError("Failed to allocate _cf ring.")
+
+        _ring = rDefault (_cf, nvars, _names, nblcks, _order, _block0, _block1, _wvhdl)
+
+    elif isinstance(base_ring, NumberField) and base_ring.is_absolute():
+        characteristic = 1
+        k = PolynomialRing(RationalField(),
+            name=base_ring.variable_name(), order='lex', implementation='singular')
+
+        minpoly = base_ring.polynomial()(k.gen())
+
+        _ext_names = <char**>omAlloc0(sizeof(char*))
+        extname = k.gen()
+        _name = str_to_bytes(k._names[0])
+        _ext_names[0] = omStrDup(_name)
+        _cfr = rDefault( 0, 1, _ext_names )
+
+        _cfr.qideal = idInit(1,1)
+        rComplete(_cfr, 1)
+        _cfr.qideal.m[0] = prCopyR(minpoly._poly, k._ring, _cfr)
+        extParam.r = _cfr
+
+        # _type = nRegister(n_algExt, <cfInitCharProc> naInitChar);
+        _cf = nInitChar( n_algExt,  <void *>&extParam) #
+
+        if (_cf is NULL):
+            raise RuntimeError("Failed to allocate _cf ring.")
+
+        _ring = rDefault (_cf, nvars, _names, nblcks, _order, _block0, _block1, _wvhdl)
+
+    elif isinstance(base_ring, IntegerRing_class):
+        _cf = nInitChar( n_Z, NULL) # integer coefficient ring
+        _ring = rDefault (_cf, nvars, _names, nblcks, _order, _block0, _block1, _wvhdl)
+
+    elif isinstance(base_ring, sage.rings.abc.IntegerModRing):
+
+        ch = base_ring.characteristic()
+        if ch < 2:
+            raise NotImplementedError(f"polynomials over {base_ring} are not supported in Singular")
+
+        isprime = ch.is_prime()
+
+        if isprime and ch <= 2147483647 and isinstance(base_ring, FiniteField_generic):
+            # don't use this branch for e.g. Zmod(5)
+            characteristic = base_ring.characteristic()
+
+            # example for simpler ring creation interface without monomial orderings:
+            #_ring = rDefault(characteristic, nvars, _names)
+
+            _ring = rDefault(characteristic, nvars, _names, nblcks, _order, _block0, _block1, _wvhdl)
+
+        else:
+            modbase, cexponent = ch.perfect_power()
+
+            if modbase == 2 and cexponent > 1:
+                _cf = nInitChar(n_Z2m, <void *>cexponent)
+
+            elif modbase.is_prime() and cexponent > 1:
+                _info.base = <__mpz_struct *>omAlloc(sizeof(__mpz_struct))
+                mpz_init_set(_info.base, modbase.value)
+                _info.exp = cexponent
+                _cf = nInitChar(n_Znm, <void *>&_info)
+
+            else:
+                _info.base = <__mpz_struct *>omAlloc(sizeof(__mpz_struct))
+                mpz_init_set(_info.base, ch.value)
+                _info.exp = 1
+                _cf = nInitChar(n_Zn, <void *>&_info)
+            _ring = rDefault(_cf, nvars, _names, nblcks, _order, _block0, _block1, _wvhdl)
+
+    elif isinstance(base_ring, FiniteField_generic):
+        assert not base_ring.is_prime_field()  # would have been handled above
+        if base_ring.characteristic() > 2147483647:
+            raise TypeError("characteristic must be <= 2147483647.")
+
+        # TODO: This is lazy, it should only call Singular stuff not PolynomialRing()
+        k = PolynomialRing(base_ring.prime_subfield(),
+                           name=base_ring.variable_name(), order='lex',
+                           implementation='singular')
+        minpoly = base_ring.polynomial()(k.gen())
+
+        _ext_names = <char**>omAlloc0(sizeof(char*))
+        _name = str_to_bytes(k._names[0])
+        _ext_names[0] = omStrDup(_name)
+        _cfr = rDefault(<int>base_ring.characteristic(), 1, _ext_names)
+
+        _cfr.qideal = idInit(1,1)
+        rComplete(_cfr, 1)
+        _cfr.qideal.m[0] = prCopyR(minpoly._poly, k._ring, _cfr)
+        extParam.r = _cfr
+        _cf = nInitChar( n_algExt,  <void *>&extParam)
+
+        if (_cf is NULL):
+            raise RuntimeError("Failed to allocate _cf ring.")
+
+        _ring = rDefault (_cf, nvars, _names, nblcks, _order, _block0, _block1, _wvhdl)
+
+    else:
+        raise NotImplementedError(f"polynomials over {base_ring} are not supported in Singular")
+
+    if _ring is NULL:
+        raise ValueError("Failed to allocate Singular ring.")
+
+    _ring.ShortOut = 0
+
+    rChangeCurrRing(_ring)
+
+    wrapped_ring = wrap_ring(_ring)
+    if wrapped_ring in ring_refcount_dict:
+        raise ValueError('newly created ring already in dictionary??')
+    ring_refcount_dict[wrapped_ring] = 1
+
+    rComplete(_ring, 1)
+
+    _ring.ShortOut = 0
+
+    if order.is_local():
+        assert _ring.OrdSgn == -1
+    if order.is_global():
+        assert _ring.OrdSgn == 1
+
+    return _ring
+
+
+#############################################################################
+ring_refcount_dict = defaultdict(int)
+
+
+cdef class ring_wrapper_Py():
+    r"""
+    Python object wrapping the ring pointer.
+
+    This is useful to store ring pointers in Python containers.
+
+    You must not construct instances of this class yourself, use
+    :func:`wrap_ring` instead.
+
+    EXAMPLES::
+
+        sage: from sage.libs.singular.ring import ring_wrapper_Py
+        sage: ring_wrapper_Py
+        <class 'sage.libs.singular.ring.ring_wrapper_Py'>
+    """
+
+    cdef ring* _ring
+
+    def __cinit__(self):
+        """
+        The Cython constructor.
+
+        EXAMPLES::
+
+            sage: from sage.libs.singular.ring import ring_wrapper_Py
+            sage: t = ring_wrapper_Py(); t
+            The ring pointer 0x0
+
+        These are just wrappers around a pointer, so it isn't really meaningful
+        to pickle them::
+
+            sage: TestSuite(t).run(skip='_test_pickling')
+        """
+        self._ring = NULL
+
+    def __hash__(self):
+        """
+        Return a hash value so that instances can be used as dictionary keys.
+
+        OUTPUT: integer
+
+        EXAMPLES::
+
+            sage: from sage.libs.singular.ring import ring_wrapper_Py
+            sage: t = ring_wrapper_Py()
+            sage: t.__hash__()
+            0
+        """
+        return <long>(self._ring)
+
+    def __repr__(self):
+        """
+        Return a string representation.
+
+        OUTPUT: string
+
+        EXAMPLES::
+
+            sage: from sage.libs.singular.ring import ring_wrapper_Py
+            sage: t = ring_wrapper_Py()
+            sage: t
+            The ring pointer 0x0
+            sage: t.__repr__()
+            'The ring pointer 0x0'
+        """
+        return 'The ring pointer '+hex(self.__hash__())
+
+    # This could be written using __eq__ but that does not work
+    # due to https://github.com/cython/cython/issues/2019
+    def __richcmp__(ring_wrapper_Py self, other, int op):
+        """
+        Equality comparison between two ``ring_wrapper_Py`` instances,
+        for use when hashing.
+
+        INPUT:
+
+        - ``right`` -- a :class:`ring_wrapper_Py`
+
+        OUTPUT: ``True`` if both ``ring_wrapper_Py`` wrap the same pointer
+
+        EXAMPLES::
+
+            sage: from sage.libs.singular.ring import (ring_wrapper_Py,
+            ....:     currRing_wrapper)
+            sage: t = ring_wrapper_Py()
+            sage: t == t
+            True
+            sage: P.<x,y,z> = QQ[]
+            sage: t2 = currRing_wrapper()
+            sage: t3 = currRing_wrapper()
+            sage: t == t2
+            False
+            sage: t2 == t3
+            True
+            sage: t2 != t3
+            False
+            sage: t2 == None
+            False
+        """
+        if not (op == Py_EQ or op == Py_NE):
+            return NotImplemented
+
+        if type(other) is not ring_wrapper_Py:
+            return op != Py_EQ
+
+        r = <ring_wrapper_Py>other
+        return (self._ring == r._ring) == (op == Py_EQ)
+
+
+cdef wrap_ring(ring* R):
+    """
+    Wrap a C ring pointer into a Python object.
+
+    INPUT:
+
+    - ``R`` -- a singular ring (a C datastructure)
+
+    OUTPUT:
+
+    A Python object :class:`ring_wrapper_Py` wrapping the C pointer.
+    """
+    cdef ring_wrapper_Py W = ring_wrapper_Py()
+    W._ring = R
+    return W
+
+
+cdef ring *singular_ring_reference(ring *existing_ring) except NULL:
+    """
+    Refcount the ring ``existing_ring``.
+
+    INPUT:
+
+    - ``existing_ring`` -- a Singular ring
+
+    OUTPUT:
+
+    The same ring with its refcount increased. If ``existing_ring``
+    has not been refcounted yet, it will be after calling this function.
+    If initially ``existing_ring`` was refcounted once, then after
+    calling this function `n` times, you need to call :func:`singular_ring_delete`
+    `n+1` times to actually deallocate the ring.
+
+    EXAMPLES::
+
+        sage: import gc
+        sage: _ = gc.collect()
+        sage: from sage.rings.polynomial.multi_polynomial_libsingular import MPolynomialRing_libsingular
+        sage: from sage.libs.singular.groebner_strategy import GroebnerStrategy
+        sage: from sage.libs.singular.ring import ring_refcount_dict
+        sage: n = len(ring_refcount_dict)
+        sage: prev_rings = set(ring_refcount_dict)
+        sage: P = MPolynomialRing_libsingular(GF(541), 2, ('x', 'y'), TermOrder('degrevlex', 2))
+        sage: ring_ptr = set(ring_refcount_dict).difference(prev_rings).pop()
+        sage: ring_ptr  # random output
+        The ring pointer 0x7f78a646b8d0
+        sage: ring_refcount_dict[ring_ptr]
+        3
+
+        sage: strat = GroebnerStrategy(Ideal([P.gen(0) + P.gen(1)]))
+        sage: ring_refcount_dict[ring_ptr]
+        6
+
+        sage: del strat
+        sage: _ = gc.collect()
+        sage: ring_refcount_dict[ring_ptr]
+        4
+
+        sage: del P
+        sage: _ = gc.collect()
+        sage: ring_ptr in ring_refcount_dict
+        True
+    """
+    if existing_ring is NULL:
+        raise ValueError('singular_ring_reference(ring*) called with NULL pointer.')
+
+    cdef object r = wrap_ring(existing_ring)
+    ring_refcount_dict[r] += 1
+    return existing_ring
+
+
+#############################################################################
+cdef void singular_ring_delete(ring *doomed) noexcept:
+    """
+    Carefully deallocate the ring, without changing "currRing" (since
+    this method can be called at unpredictable times due to garbage
+    collection).
+
+    TESTS:
+
+    This example caused a segmentation fault with a previous version
+    of this method::
+
+        sage: import gc
+        sage: from sage.rings.polynomial.multi_polynomial_libsingular import MPolynomialRing_libsingular
+        sage: R1 = MPolynomialRing_libsingular(GF(5), 2, ('x', 'y'), TermOrder('degrevlex', 2))
+        sage: R2 = MPolynomialRing_libsingular(GF(11), 2, ('x', 'y'), TermOrder('degrevlex', 2))
+        sage: R3 = MPolynomialRing_libsingular(GF(13), 2, ('x', 'y'), TermOrder('degrevlex', 2))
+        sage: _ = gc.collect()
+        sage: foo = R1.gen(0)
+        sage: del foo
+        sage: del R1
+        sage: _ = gc.collect()
+        sage: del R2
+        sage: _ = gc.collect()
+        sage: del R3
+        sage: _ = gc.collect()
+    """
+    if doomed is NULL:
+        # When this is called with a NULL pointer, we do nothing.
+        # This is analogous to the libc function free().
+        return
+
+    if not ring_refcount_dict:  # arbitrary finalization order when we shut Sage down
+        return
+
+    cdef ring_wrapper_Py r = wrap_ring(doomed)
+    ring_refcount_dict[r] -= 1
+    if ring_refcount_dict[r] > 0:
+        return
+
+    del ring_refcount_dict[r]
+
+    global currRing
+    cdef ring *oldRing = currRing
+    if currRing == doomed:
+        rDelete(doomed)
+        currRing = <ring*>NULL
+    else:
+        rChangeCurrRing(doomed)
+        rDelete(doomed)
+        rChangeCurrRing(oldRing)
+
+
+#############################################################################
+# helpers for debugging
+
+cpdef poison_currRing(frame, event, arg):
+    """
+    Poison the ``currRing`` pointer.
+
+    This function sets the ``currRing`` to an illegal value. By
+    setting it as the python debug hook, you can poison the currRing
+    before every evaluated Python command (but not within Cython
+    code).
+
+    INPUT:
+
+    - ``frame``, ``event``, ``arg`` -- the standard arguments for the
+      CPython debugger hook; they are not used
+
+    OUTPUT:
+
+    Returns itself, which ensures that :func:`poison_currRing` will
+    stay in the debugger hook.
+
+    EXAMPLES::
+
+        sage: previous_trace_func = sys.gettrace()   # None if no debugger running
+        sage: from sage.libs.singular.ring import poison_currRing
+        sage: sys.settrace(poison_currRing)
+        sage: sys.gettrace()
+        <built-in function poison_currRing>
+        sage: sys.settrace(previous_trace_func)  # switch it off again
+    """
+    global currRing
+    currRing = <ring*>NULL
+    return poison_currRing
+
+
+cpdef print_currRing():
+    """
+    Print the ``currRing`` pointer.
+
+    EXAMPLES::
+
+        sage: from sage.libs.singular.ring import print_currRing
+        sage: print_currRing()   # random output
+        DEBUG: currRing == 0x7fc6fa6ec480
+
+        sage: from sage.libs.singular.ring import poison_currRing
+        sage: _ = poison_currRing(None, None, None)
+        sage: print_currRing()
+        DEBUG: currRing == 0x0
+    """
+    cdef size_t addr = <size_t>currRing
+    print("DEBUG: currRing == " + str(hex(addr)))
+
+
+def currRing_wrapper():
+    """
+    Return a wrapper for the current ring, for use in debugging
+    ``ring_refcount_dict``.
+
+    EXAMPLES::
+
+        sage: from sage.libs.singular.ring import currRing_wrapper
+        sage: currRing_wrapper()
+        The ring pointer ...
+    """
+    return wrap_ring(currRing)