passagemath-singular 10.6.31rc3__cp314-cp314-manylinux_2_27_aarch64.manylinux_2_28_aarch64.whl

sage/algebras/letterplace/free_algebra_element_letterplace.pyx

@@ -0,0 +1,755 @@
+# sage_setup: distribution = sagemath-singular
+"""
+Weighted homogeneous elements of free algebras, in letterplace implementation
+
+AUTHOR:
+
+- Simon King (2011-03-23): Github issue :issue:`7797`
+"""
+
+# ****************************************************************************
+#       Copyright (C) 2011 Simon King <simon.king@uni-jena.de>
+#
+# This program is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
+# it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
+# the Free Software Foundation, either version 2 of the License, or
+# (at your option) any later version.
+#                  https://www.gnu.org/licenses/
+# ****************************************************************************
+
+from sage.groups.perm_gps.permgroup_named import CyclicPermutationGroup
+from sage.libs.singular.function import lib
+from sage.rings.polynomial.multi_polynomial_ideal import MPolynomialIdeal
+from cpython.object cimport PyObject_RichCompare
+
+# Define some singular functions
+lib("freegb.lib")
+
+#####################
+# Free algebra elements
+cdef class FreeAlgebraElement_letterplace(AlgebraElement):
+    """
+    Weighted homogeneous elements of a free associative unital algebra
+    (letterplace implementation).
+
+    EXAMPLES::
+
+        sage: F.<x,y,z> = FreeAlgebra(QQ, implementation='letterplace')
+        sage: x+y
+        x + y
+        sage: x*y !=y*x
+        True
+        sage: I = F*[x*y+y*z,x^2+x*y-y*x-y^2]*F
+        sage: (y^3).reduce(I)
+        y*y*y
+        sage: (y^3).normal_form(I)
+        y*y*z - y*z*y + y*z*z
+
+    Here is an example with nontrivial degree weights::
+
+        sage: F.<x,y,z> = FreeAlgebra(QQ, implementation='letterplace', degrees=[2,1,3])
+        sage: I = F*[x*y-y*x, x^2+2*y*z, (x*y)^2-z^2]*F
+        sage: x.degree()
+        2
+        sage: y.degree()
+        1
+        sage: z.degree()
+        3
+        sage: (x*y)^3
+        x*y*x*y*x*y
+        sage: ((x*y)^3).normal_form(I)
+        z*z*y*x
+        sage: ((x*y)^3).degree()
+        9
+    """
+    def __init__(self, A, x, check=True):
+        """
+        INPUT:
+
+        - ``A`` - a free associative unital algebra in letterplace implementation
+        - ``x`` -- a homogeneous polynomial that can be coerced into the currently
+          used polynomial ring of `A`
+        - ``check`` -- boolean (default: ``True``); do not attempt the
+          above coercion (for internal use only)
+
+        TESTS::
+
+            sage: from sage.algebras.letterplace.free_algebra_element_letterplace import FreeAlgebraElement_letterplace
+            sage: F.<x,y,z> = FreeAlgebra(GF(3), implementation='letterplace')
+            sage: F.set_degbound(2)
+            sage: P = F.current_ring()
+            sage: F.set_degbound(4)
+            sage: P == F.current_ring()
+            False
+            sage: p = FreeAlgebraElement_letterplace(F,P.1*P.3+2*P.0*P.4); p
+            -x*y + y*x
+            sage: loads(dumps(p)) == p
+            True
+        """
+        cdef FreeAlgebra_letterplace P = A
+        if check:
+            if not x.is_homogeneous():
+                raise ValueError("free algebras based on Letterplace can currently only work with weighted homogeneous elements")
+            P.set_degbound(x.degree())
+            x = P._current_ring(x)
+        AlgebraElement.__init__(self, P)
+        self._poly = x
+
+    def __reduce__(self):
+        """
+        Pickling.
+
+        TESTS::
+
+            sage: F.<x,y,z> = FreeAlgebra(QQ, implementation='letterplace')
+            sage: loads(dumps(x*y*x)) == x*y*x   # indirect doctest
+            True
+        """
+        return self.__class__, (self._parent, self._poly)
+
+    def __copy__(self):
+        """
+        TESTS::
+
+            sage: F.<x,y,z> = FreeAlgebra(QQ, implementation='letterplace')
+            sage: copy(x*y*z+z*y*x) == x*y*z+z*y*x   # indirect doctest
+            True
+        """
+        self._poly = (<FreeAlgebra_letterplace>self._parent)._current_ring(self._poly)
+        return self.__class__(self._parent, self._poly, check=False)
+
+    def __hash__(self):
+        """
+        TESTS::
+
+            sage: F.<x,y,z> = FreeAlgebra(QQ, implementation='letterplace')
+            sage: set([x*y*z, z*y+x*z,x*y*z])  # indirect doctest
+            {x*z + z*y, x*y*z}
+        """
+        return hash(self._poly)
+
+    def __iter__(self):
+        """
+        Iterate over the pairs "tuple of exponents, coefficient".
+
+        EXAMPLES::
+
+            sage: F.<w,x,y,z> = FreeAlgebra(GF(3), implementation='letterplace')
+            sage: p = x*y-z^2
+            sage: sorted(p)   # indirect doctest
+            [((0, 0, 0, 1, 0, 0, 0, 1), 2), ((0, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 0), 1)]
+        """
+        cdef dict d = self._poly.monomial_coefficients()
+        yield from d.items()
+
+    def _repr_(self):
+        """
+        TESTS::
+
+            sage: K.<z> = GF(25)
+            sage: F.<a,b,c> = FreeAlgebra(K, implementation='letterplace')
+            sage: -(a+b*(z+1)-c)^2     # indirect doctest
+            -a*a + (4*z + 4)*a*b + a*c + (4*z + 4)*b*a + (2*z + 1)*b*b + (z + 1)*b*c + c*a + (z + 1)*c*b - c*c
+
+        It is possible to change the names temporarily::
+
+            sage: from sage.structure.parent_gens import localvars
+            sage: with localvars(F, ['w', 'x','y']):
+            ....:     print(a+b*(z+1)-c)
+            w + (z + 1)*x - y
+            sage: print(a+b*(z+1)-c)
+            a + (z + 1)*b - c
+        """
+        cdef list L = []
+        cdef FreeAlgebra_letterplace P = self._parent
+        if P._base._repr_option('element_is_atomic'):
+            for E, c in zip(self._poly.exponents(), self._poly.coefficients()):
+                monstr = P.exponents_to_string(E)
+                if monstr:
+                    if c == 1:
+                        if L:
+                            L.extend(['+', monstr])
+                        else:
+                            L.append(monstr)
+                    elif c == -1:
+                        if L:
+                            L.extend(['-', monstr])
+                        else:
+                            L.append('-' + monstr)
+                    else:
+                        if L:
+                            if c >= 0:
+                                L.extend(['+', repr(c) + '*' + monstr])
+                            else:
+                                L.extend(['-', repr(-c) + '*' + monstr])
+                        else:
+                            L.append(repr(c) + '*' + monstr)
+                else:
+                    if c >= 0:
+                        if L:
+                            L.extend(['+', repr(c)])
+                        else:
+                            L.append(repr(c))
+                    else:
+                        if L:
+                            L.extend(['-', repr(-c)])
+                        else:
+                            L.append(repr(c))
+        else:
+            for E, c in zip(self._poly.exponents(), self._poly.coefficients()):
+                monstr = P.exponents_to_string(E)
+                if monstr:
+                    if c == 1:
+                        if L:
+                            L.extend(['+', monstr])
+                        else:
+                            L.append(monstr)
+                    elif c == -1:
+                        if L:
+                            L.extend(['-', monstr])
+                        else:
+                            L.append('-' + monstr)
+                    else:
+                        if L:
+                            L.extend(['+', '(' + repr(c) + ')*' + monstr])
+                        else:
+                            L.append('(' + repr(c) + ')*' + monstr)
+                else:
+                    if L:
+                        L.extend(['+', repr(c)])
+                    else:
+                        L.append(repr(c))
+        if L:
+            return ' '.join(L)
+        return '0'
+
+    def _latex_(self):
+        r"""
+        TESTS::
+
+            sage: K.<z> = GF(25)
+            sage: F.<a,b,c> = FreeAlgebra(K, implementation='letterplace', degrees=[1,2,3])
+            sage: -(a*b*(z+1)-c)^2
+            (2*z + 1)*a*b*a*b + (z + 1)*a*b*c + (z + 1)*c*a*b - c*c
+            sage: latex(-(a*b*(z+1)-c)^2)     # indirect doctest
+            \left(2 z + 1\right) a b a b + \left(z + 1\right) a b c + \left(z + 1\right) c a b - c c
+        """
+        cdef list L = []
+        cdef FreeAlgebra_letterplace P = self._parent
+        from sage.misc.latex import latex
+        if P._base._repr_option('element_is_atomic'):
+            for E, c in zip(self._poly.exponents(), self._poly.coefficients()):
+                monstr = P.exponents_to_latex(E)
+                if monstr:
+                    if c == 1:
+                        if L:
+                            L.extend(['+', monstr])
+                        else:
+                            L.append(monstr)
+                    elif c == -1:
+                        if L:
+                            L.extend(['-', monstr])
+                        else:
+                            L.append('-' + monstr)
+                    else:
+                        if L:
+                            if c >= 0:
+                                L.extend(['+', repr(latex(c)) + ' ' + monstr])
+                            else:
+                                L.extend(['-', repr(latex(-c)) + ' ' + monstr])
+                        else:
+                            L.append(repr(latex(c)) + ' ' + monstr)
+                else:
+                    if c >= 0:
+                        if L:
+                            L.extend(['+', repr(latex(c))])
+                        else:
+                            L.append(repr(latex(c)))
+                    else:
+                        if L:
+                            L.extend(['-', repr(latex(-c))])
+                        else:
+                            L.append(repr(c))
+        else:
+            for E, c in zip(self._poly.exponents(), self._poly.coefficients()):
+                monstr = P.exponents_to_latex(E)
+                if monstr:
+                    if c == 1:
+                        if L:
+                            L.extend(['+', monstr])
+                        else:
+                            L.append(monstr)
+                    elif c == -1:
+                        if L:
+                            L.extend(['-', monstr])
+                        else:
+                            L.append('-' + monstr)
+                    else:
+                        if L:
+                            L.extend(['+', '\\left(' + repr(latex(c)) + '\\right) ' + monstr])
+                        else:
+                            L.append('\\left(' + repr(latex(c)) + '\\right) ' + monstr)
+                else:
+                    if L:
+                        L.extend(['+', repr(latex(c))])
+                    else:
+                        L.append(repr(latex(c)))
+        if L:
+            return ' '.join(L)
+        return '0'
+
+    def degree(self):
+        """
+        Return the degree of this element.
+
+        .. NOTE::
+
+            Generators may have a positive integral degree weight. All
+            elements must be weighted homogeneous.
+
+        EXAMPLES::
+
+            sage: F.<x,y,z> = FreeAlgebra(QQ, implementation='letterplace')
+            sage: ((x+y+z)^3).degree()
+            3
+            sage: F.<x,y,z> = FreeAlgebra(QQ, implementation='letterplace', degrees=[2,1,3])
+            sage: ((x*y+z)^3).degree()
+            9
+        """
+        return self._poly.degree()
+
+    def letterplace_polynomial(self):
+        """
+        Return the commutative polynomial that is used internally to represent this free algebra element.
+
+        EXAMPLES::
+
+            sage: F.<x,y,z> = FreeAlgebra(QQ, implementation='letterplace')
+            sage: ((x+y-z)^2).letterplace_polynomial()
+            x*x_1 + x*y_1 - x*z_1 + y*x_1 + y*y_1 - y*z_1 - z*x_1 - z*y_1 + z*z_1
+
+        If degree weights are used, the letterplace polynomial is
+        homogenized by slack variables::
+
+            sage: F.<x,y,z> = FreeAlgebra(QQ, implementation='letterplace', degrees=[2,1,3])
+            sage: ((x*y+z)^2).letterplace_polynomial()
+            x*x__1*y_2*x_3*x__4*y_5 + x*x__1*y_2*z_3*x__4*x__5 + z*x__1*x__2*x_3*x__4*y_5 + z*x__1*x__2*z_3*x__4*x__5
+        """
+        return self._poly
+
+    def lm(self):
+        """
+        The leading monomial of this free algebra element.
+
+        EXAMPLES::
+
+            sage: F.<x,y,z> = FreeAlgebra(QQ, implementation='letterplace')
+            sage: ((2*x+3*y-4*z)^2*(5*y+6*z)).lm()
+            x*x*y
+            sage: F.<x,y,z> = FreeAlgebra(QQ, implementation='letterplace', degrees=[2,1,3])
+            sage: ((2*x*y+z)^2).lm()
+            x*y*x*y
+        """
+        return FreeAlgebraElement_letterplace(self._parent, self._poly.lm())
+
+    def lt(self):
+        """
+        The leading term (monomial times coefficient) of this free algebra
+        element.
+
+        EXAMPLES::
+
+            sage: F.<x,y,z> = FreeAlgebra(QQ, implementation='letterplace')
+            sage: ((2*x+3*y-4*z)^2*(5*y+6*z)).lt()
+            20*x*x*y
+            sage: F.<x,y,z> = FreeAlgebra(QQ, implementation='letterplace', degrees=[2,1,3])
+            sage: ((2*x*y+z)^2).lt()
+            4*x*y*x*y
+        """
+        return FreeAlgebraElement_letterplace(self._parent, self._poly.lt())
+
+    def lc(self):
+        """
+        The leading coefficient of this free algebra element, as element
+        of the base ring.
+
+        EXAMPLES::
+
+            sage: F.<x,y,z> = FreeAlgebra(QQ, implementation='letterplace')
+            sage: ((2*x+3*y-4*z)^2*(5*y+6*z)).lc()
+            20
+            sage: ((2*x+3*y-4*z)^2*(5*y+6*z)).lc().parent() is F.base()
+            True
+            sage: F.<x,y,z> = FreeAlgebra(QQ, implementation='letterplace', degrees=[2,1,3])
+            sage: ((2*x*y+z)^2).lc()
+            4
+        """
+        return self._poly.lc()
+
+    def __bool__(self):
+        """
+        TESTS::
+
+            sage: F.<x,y,z> = FreeAlgebra(QQ, implementation='letterplace')
+            sage: bool(x)      # indirect doctest
+            True
+            sage: bool(F.zero())
+            False
+        """
+        return bool(self._poly)
+
+    def lm_divides(self, FreeAlgebraElement_letterplace p):
+        """
+        Tell whether or not the leading monomial of ``self`` divides the
+        leading monomial of another element.
+
+        .. NOTE::
+
+            A free algebra element `p` divides another one `q` if there are
+            free algebra elements `s` and `t` such that `spt = q`.
+
+        EXAMPLES::
+
+            sage: F.<x,y,z> = FreeAlgebra(QQ, implementation='letterplace', degrees=[2,1,3])
+            sage: ((2*x*y+z)^2*z).lm()
+            x*y*x*y*z
+            sage: (y*x*y-y^4).lm()
+            y*x*y
+            sage: (y*x*y-y^4).lm_divides((2*x*y+z)^2*z)
+            True
+        """
+        if self._parent is not p._parent:
+            raise TypeError("the two arguments must be elements in the same free algebra")
+        cdef FreeAlgebra_letterplace A = self._parent
+        P = A._current_ring
+        p_poly = p._poly = P(p._poly)
+        s_poly = self._poly = P(self._poly)
+        cdef int p_d = p_poly.degree()
+        cdef int s_d = s_poly.degree()
+        if s_d > p_d:
+            return False
+        cdef int i
+        if P.monomial_divides(s_poly, p_poly):
+            return True
+        realngens = A._commutative_ring.ngens()
+        CG = CyclicPermutationGroup(P.ngens())
+        for i in range(p_d - s_d):
+            s_poly = s_poly * CG[realngens]
+            if P.monomial_divides(s_poly, p_poly):
+                return True
+        return False
+
+    cpdef _richcmp_(self, other, int op):
+        """
+        Implement comparisons, using the Cython richcmp convention.
+
+        TESTS::
+
+            sage: F.<x,y,z> = FreeAlgebra(QQ, implementation='letterplace')
+            sage: p = ((2*x+3*y-4*z)^2*(5*y+6*z))
+            sage: p - p.lt() < p     # indirect doctest
+            True
+        """
+        left = (<FreeAlgebraElement_letterplace>self)._poly
+        right = (<FreeAlgebraElement_letterplace>other)._poly
+        return PyObject_RichCompare(left, right, op)
+
+    ################################
+    # Arithmetic
+    cpdef _neg_(self):
+        """
+        TESTS::
+
+            sage: K.<z> = GF(25)
+            sage: F.<a,b,c> = FreeAlgebra(K, implementation='letterplace')
+            sage: -((z+2)*a^2*b+3*c^3)  # indirect doctest
+            (4*z + 3)*a*a*b + (2)*c*c*c
+            sage: F.<x,y,z> = FreeAlgebra(QQ, implementation='letterplace')
+            sage: -(3*x*y+2*z^2)
+            -3*x*y - 2*z*z
+        """
+        return FreeAlgebraElement_letterplace(self._parent, -self._poly,
+                                              check=False)
+
+    cpdef _add_(self, other):
+        """
+        Addition, under the side condition that either one summand
+        is zero, or both summands have the same degree.
+
+        TESTS::
+
+            sage: F.<x,y,z> = FreeAlgebra(QQ, implementation='letterplace')
+            sage: x+y    # indirect doctest
+            x + y
+            sage: x+1
+            Traceback (most recent call last):
+            ...
+            ArithmeticError: can only add elements of the same weighted degree
+            sage: x+0
+            x
+            sage: 0+x
+            x
+        """
+        if not other:
+            return self
+        if not self:
+            return other
+        cdef FreeAlgebraElement_letterplace right = other
+        if right._poly.degree() != self._poly.degree():
+            raise ArithmeticError("can only add elements of the same weighted degree")
+        # update the polynomials
+        cdef FreeAlgebra_letterplace A = self._parent
+        self._poly = A._current_ring(self._poly)
+        right._poly = A._current_ring(right._poly)
+        return FreeAlgebraElement_letterplace(self._parent,
+                                              self._poly + right._poly,
+                                              check=False)
+
+    cpdef _sub_(self, other):
+        """
+        Difference, under the side condition that either one summand
+        is zero or both have the same weighted degree.
+
+        TESTS::
+
+            sage: F.<x,y,z> = FreeAlgebra(QQ, implementation='letterplace')
+            sage: x*y-y*x     # indirect doctest
+            x*y - y*x
+            sage: x-1
+            Traceback (most recent call last):
+            ...
+            ArithmeticError: can only subtract elements of the same degree
+            sage: x-0
+            x
+            sage: 0-x
+            -x
+
+        Here is an example with non-trivial degree weights::
+
+            sage: F.<x,y,z> = FreeAlgebra(QQ, implementation='letterplace', degrees=[2,1,3])
+            sage: x*y+z
+            x*y + z
+        """
+        if not other:
+            return self
+        if not self:
+            return -other
+        cdef FreeAlgebraElement_letterplace right = other
+        if right._poly.degree() != self._poly.degree():
+            raise ArithmeticError("can only subtract elements of the same degree")
+        # update the polynomials
+        cdef FreeAlgebra_letterplace A = self._parent
+        self._poly = A._current_ring(self._poly)
+        right._poly = A._current_ring(right._poly)
+        return FreeAlgebraElement_letterplace(self._parent,
+                                              self._poly - right._poly,
+                                              check=False)
+
+    cpdef _lmul_(self, Element right):
+        """
+        Multiplication from the right with an element of the base ring.
+
+        TESTS::
+
+            sage: K.<z> = GF(25)
+            sage: F.<a,b,c> = FreeAlgebra(K, implementation='letterplace')
+            sage: (a+b)*(z+1)    # indirect doctest
+            (z + 1)*a + (z + 1)*b
+        """
+        return FreeAlgebraElement_letterplace(self._parent,
+                                              self._poly._lmul_(right),
+                                              check=False)
+
+    cpdef _rmul_(self, Element left):
+        """
+        Multiplication from the left with an element of the base ring.
+
+        TESTS::
+
+            sage: K.<z> = GF(25)
+            sage: F.<a,b,c> = FreeAlgebra(K, implementation='letterplace')
+            sage: (z+1)*(a+b)   # indirect doctest
+            (z + 1)*a + (z + 1)*b
+        """
+        return FreeAlgebraElement_letterplace(self._parent,
+                                              self._poly._rmul_(left),
+                                              check=False)
+
+    cpdef _mul_(self, other):
+        """
+        Product of two free algebra elements in letterplace implementation.
+
+        TESTS::
+
+            sage: F.<x,y,z> = FreeAlgebra(QQ, implementation='letterplace', degrees=[2,1,3])
+            sage: (x*y+z)*z   # indirect doctest
+            x*y*z + z*z
+        """
+        cdef FreeAlgebraElement_letterplace left = self
+        cdef FreeAlgebraElement_letterplace right = other
+        cdef FreeAlgebra_letterplace A = left._parent
+        A.set_degbound(left._poly.degree() + right._poly.degree())
+        # we must put the polynomials into the same ring
+        left._poly = A._current_ring(left._poly)
+        right._poly = A._current_ring(right._poly)
+        realngens = A._commutative_ring.ngens()
+        CG = CyclicPermutationGroup(A._current_ring.ngens())
+        rshift = right._poly * CG[left._poly.degree() * realngens]
+        return FreeAlgebraElement_letterplace(A, left._poly * rshift,
+                                              check=False)
+
+    def __pow__(FreeAlgebraElement_letterplace self, int n, k):
+        """
+        TESTS::
+
+            sage: K.<z> = GF(25)
+            sage: F.<a,b,c> = FreeAlgebra(K, implementation='letterplace')
+            sage: (a+z*b)^3    # indirect doctest
+            a*a*a + (z)*a*a*b + (z)*a*b*a + (z + 3)*a*b*b + (z)*b*a*a + (z + 3)*b*a*b + (z + 3)*b*b*a + (4*z + 3)*b*b*b
+        """
+        cdef FreeAlgebra_letterplace A = self._parent
+        if n < 0:
+            raise ValueError("negative exponents are not allowed")
+        if n == 0:
+            return FreeAlgebraElement_letterplace(A, A._current_ring(1),
+                                                  check=False)
+        if n == 1:
+            return self
+        A.set_degbound(self._poly.degree() * n)
+        cdef MPolynomial_libsingular p, q
+        self._poly = A._current_ring(self._poly)
+        cdef int d = self._poly.degree()
+        q = p = self._poly
+        realngens = A._commutative_ring.ngens()
+        cdef int i
+        CG = CyclicPermutationGroup(A._current_ring.ngens())
+        for i in range(1, n):
+            q = q * CG[d * realngens]
+            p *= q
+        return FreeAlgebraElement_letterplace(A, p, check=False)
+
+    # Groebner related stuff
+    def reduce(self, G):
+        """
+        Reduce this element by a list of elements or by a
+        twosided weighted homogeneous ideal.
+
+        INPUT:
+
+        Either a list or tuple of weighted homogeneous elements of the
+        free algebra, or an ideal of the free algebra, or an ideal in
+        the commutative polynomial ring that is currently used to
+        implement the multiplication in the free algebra.
+
+        OUTPUT: the twosided reduction of this element by the argument
+
+        .. NOTE::
+
+            This may not be the normal form of this element, unless
+            the argument is a twosided Groebner basis up to the degree
+            of this element.
+
+        EXAMPLES::
+
+            sage: F.<x,y,z> = FreeAlgebra(QQ, implementation='letterplace')
+            sage: I = F*[x*y+y*z,x^2+x*y-y*x-y^2]*F
+            sage: p = y^2*z*y^2+y*z*y*z*y
+
+        We compute the letterplace version of the Groebner basis
+        of `I` with degree bound 4::
+
+            sage: G = F._reductor_(I.groebner_basis(4).gens(),4)
+            sage: G.ring() is F.current_ring()
+            True
+
+        Since the element `p` is of degree 5, it is no surprise
+        that its reductions with respect to the original generators
+        of `I` (of degree 2), or with respect to `G` (Groebner basis
+        with degree bound 4), or with respect to the Groebner basis
+        with degree bound 5 (which yields its normal form) are
+        pairwise different::
+
+            sage: p.reduce(I)
+            y*y*z*y*y + y*z*y*z*y
+            sage: p.reduce(G)
+            y*y*z*z*y + y*z*y*z*y - y*z*z*y*y + y*z*z*z*y
+            sage: p.normal_form(I)
+            y*y*z*z*z + y*z*y*z*z - y*z*z*y*z + y*z*z*z*z
+            sage: p.reduce(I) != p.reduce(G) != p.normal_form(I) != p.reduce(I)
+            True
+        """
+        cdef FreeAlgebra_letterplace P = self._parent
+        if not isinstance(G, (list, tuple)):
+            if G == P:
+                return P.zero()
+            if not (isinstance(G, MPolynomialIdeal) and G.ring() == P._current_ring):
+                G = G.gens()
+        C = P.current_ring()
+        cdef int selfdeg = self._poly.degree()
+        if isinstance(G, MPolynomialIdeal):
+            gI = G
+        else:
+            gI = P._reductor_(G, selfdeg)  # C.ideal(g,coerce=False)
+        from sage.libs.singular.option import LibSingularOptions
+        libsingular_options = LibSingularOptions()
+        bck = (libsingular_options['redTail'], libsingular_options['redSB'])
+        libsingular_options['redTail'] = True
+        libsingular_options['redSB'] = True
+        from sage.libs.singular.function import singular_function
+        poly_reduce = singular_function("NF")
+        poly = poly_reduce(C(self._poly), gI, ring=C,
+                           attributes={gI: {"isSB": 1}})
+        libsingular_options['redTail'] = bck[0]
+        libsingular_options['redSB'] = bck[1]
+        return FreeAlgebraElement_letterplace(P, poly, check=False)
+
+    def normal_form(self, I):
+        """
+        Return the normal form of this element with respect to
+        a twosided weighted homogeneous ideal.
+
+        INPUT:
+
+        - ``I`` -- a twosided homogeneous ideal of the parent `F` of
+          this element, `x`
+
+        OUTPUT: the normal form of `x` wrt. `I`
+
+        .. NOTE::
+
+            The normal form is computed by reduction with respect
+            to a Groebnerbasis of `I` with degree bound `deg(x)`.
+
+        EXAMPLES::
+
+            sage: F.<x,y,z> = FreeAlgebra(QQ, implementation='letterplace')
+            sage: I = F*[x*y+y*z,x^2+x*y-y*x-y^2]*F
+            sage: (x^5).normal_form(I)
+            -y*z*z*z*x - y*z*z*z*y - y*z*z*z*z
+
+        We verify two basic properties of normal forms: The
+        difference of an element and its normal form is contained
+        in the ideal, and if two elements of the free algebra
+        differ by an element of the ideal then they have the same
+        normal form::
+
+            sage: x^5 - (x^5).normal_form(I) in I
+            True
+            sage: (x^5+x*I.0*y*z-3*z^2*I.1*y).normal_form(I) == (x^5).normal_form(I)
+            True
+
+        Here is an example with non-trivial degree weights::
+
+            sage: F.<x,y,z> = FreeAlgebra(QQ, implementation='letterplace', degrees=[1,2,3])
+            sage: I = F*[x*y-y*x+z, y^2+2*x*z, (x*y)^2-z^2]*F
+            sage: ((x*y)^3).normal_form(I)
+            z*z*y*x - z*z*z
+            sage: (x*y)^3-((x*y)^3).normal_form(I) in I
+            True
+            sage: ((x*y)^3+2*z*I.0*z+y*I.1*z-x*I.2*y).normal_form(I) == ((x*y)^3).normal_form(I)
+            True
+        """
+        if self._parent != I.ring():
+            raise ValueError("cannot compute normal form wrt an ideal that does not belong to %s" % self._parent)
+        sdeg = self._poly.degree()
+        return self.reduce(self._parent._reductor_(I.groebner_basis(degbound=sdeg).gens(), sdeg))