passagemath-combinat 10.6.42__cp314-cp314-musllinux_1_2_x86_64.whl

sage/algebras/free_algebra_quotient.py

@@ -0,0 +1,405 @@
+# sage_setup: distribution = sagemath-combinat
+# sage.doctest: needs sage.combinat sage.modules
+"""
+Finite dimensional free algebra quotients
+
+REMARK:
+
+This implementation only works for finite dimensional quotients, since
+a list of basis monomials and the multiplication matrices need to be
+explicitly provided.
+
+The homogeneous part of a quotient of a free algebra over a field by a
+finitely generated homogeneous twosided ideal is available in a
+different implementation. See
+:mod:`~sage.algebras.letterplace.free_algebra_letterplace` and
+:mod:`~sage.rings.quotient_ring`.
+
+TESTS:
+
+::
+
+    sage: n = 2
+    sage: A = FreeAlgebra(QQ,n,'x')
+    sage: F = A.monoid()
+    sage: i, j = F.gens()
+    sage: mons = [F(1), i, j, i*j]
+    sage: r = len(mons)
+    sage: M = MatrixSpace(QQ,r)
+    sage: mats = [M([0,1,0,0, -1,0,0,0, 0,0,0,-1, 0,0,1,0]),
+    ....:         M([0,0,1,0, 0,0,0,1, -1,0,0,0, 0,-1,0,0]) ]
+    sage: H2.<i,j> = A.quotient(mons, mats)
+    sage: H2 == loads(dumps(H2))
+    True
+    sage: i == loads(dumps(i))
+    True
+
+Test comparison by equality::
+
+    sage: HQ = sage.algebras.free_algebra_quotient.hamilton_quatalg(QQ)[0]
+    sage: HZ = sage.algebras.free_algebra_quotient.hamilton_quatalg(ZZ)[0]
+    sage: HQ == HQ
+    True
+    sage: HQ == HZ
+    False
+    sage: HZ == QQ
+    False
+"""
+
+# ****************************************************************************
+#  Copyright (C) 2005 David Kohel <kohel@maths.usyd.edu>
+#
+#  Distributed under the terms of the GNU General Public License (GPL)
+#
+#    This code is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+#    but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty
+#    of MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.
+#
+#  See the GNU General Public License for more details; the full text
+#  is available at:
+#
+#                  https://www.gnu.org/licenses/
+# ****************************************************************************
+
+from sage.algebras.free_algebra import FreeAlgebra_generic
+from sage.algebras.free_algebra_quotient_element import FreeAlgebraQuotientElement
+from sage.categories.algebras import Algebras
+from sage.misc.lazy_import import lazy_import
+from sage.modules.free_module import FreeModule
+from sage.structure.unique_representation import UniqueRepresentation
+from sage.structure.parent import Parent
+
+lazy_import('sage.algebras.letterplace.free_algebra_letterplace', 'FreeAlgebra_letterplace')
+
+
+class FreeAlgebraQuotient(UniqueRepresentation, Parent):
+    @staticmethod
+    def __classcall__(cls, A, mons, mats, names):
+        """
+        Used to support unique representation.
+
+        EXAMPLES::
+
+            sage: H = sage.algebras.free_algebra_quotient.hamilton_quatalg(QQ)[0]  # indirect doctest
+            sage: H1 = sage.algebras.free_algebra_quotient.hamilton_quatalg(QQ)[0]
+            sage: H is H1
+            True
+        """
+        new_mats = []
+        for M in mats:
+            M = M.parent()(M)
+            M.set_immutable()
+            new_mats.append(M)
+        return super().__classcall__(cls, A, tuple(mons),
+                                     tuple(new_mats), tuple(names))
+
+    Element = FreeAlgebraQuotientElement
+
+    def __init__(self, A, mons, mats, names):
+        """
+        Return a quotient algebra defined via the action of a free algebra
+        A on a (finitely generated) free module.
+
+        The input for the quotient algebra is a list of monomials (in
+        the underlying monoid for A) which form a free basis for the
+        module of A, and a list of matrices, which give the action of
+        the free generators of A on this monomial basis.
+
+        EXAMPLES:
+
+        Quaternion algebra defined in terms of three generators::
+
+            sage: n = 3
+            sage: A = FreeAlgebra(QQ,n,'i')
+            sage: F = A.monoid()
+            sage: i, j, k = F.gens()
+            sage: mons = [F(1), i, j, k]
+            sage: M = MatrixSpace(QQ,4)
+            sage: mats = [M([0,1,0,0, -1,0,0,0, 0,0,0,-1, 0,0,1,0]),
+            ....:         M([0,0,1,0, 0,0,0,1, -1,0,0,0, 0,-1,0,0]),
+            ....:         M([0,0,0,1, 0,0,-1,0, 0,1,0,0, -1,0,0,0]) ]
+            sage: H3.<i,j,k> = FreeAlgebraQuotient(A,mons,mats)
+            sage: x = 1 + i + j + k
+            sage: x
+            1 + i + j + k
+            sage: x**128
+            -170141183460469231731687303715884105728
+             + 170141183460469231731687303715884105728*i
+             + 170141183460469231731687303715884105728*j
+             + 170141183460469231731687303715884105728*k
+
+        Same algebra defined in terms of two generators, with some penalty
+        on already slow arithmetic.
+
+        ::
+
+            sage: n = 2
+            sage: A = FreeAlgebra(QQ,n,'x')
+            sage: F = A.monoid()
+            sage: i, j = F.gens()
+            sage: mons = [ F(1), i, j, i*j ]
+            sage: r = len(mons)
+            sage: M = MatrixSpace(QQ,r)
+            sage: mats = [M([0,1,0,0, -1,0,0,0, 0,0,0,-1, 0,0,1,0]),
+            ....:         M([0,0,1,0, 0,0,0,1, -1,0,0,0, 0,-1,0,0]) ]
+            sage: H2.<i,j> = A.quotient(mons,mats)
+            sage: k = i*j
+            sage: x = 1 + i + j + k
+            sage: x
+            1 + i + j + i*j
+            sage: x**128
+            -170141183460469231731687303715884105728
+             + 170141183460469231731687303715884105728*i
+             + 170141183460469231731687303715884105728*j
+             + 170141183460469231731687303715884105728*i*j
+
+        TESTS::
+
+            sage: TestSuite(H2).run()
+        """
+        if not isinstance(A, (FreeAlgebra_generic, FreeAlgebra_letterplace)):
+            raise TypeError("argument A must be a free algebra")
+        R = A.base_ring()
+        n = A.ngens()
+        assert n == len(mats)
+        self.__free_algebra = A
+        self.__ngens = n
+        self.__dim = len(mons)
+        self.__module = FreeModule(R, self.__dim)
+        self.__matrix_action = mats
+        self.__monomial_basis = mons  # elements of free monoid
+        Parent.__init__(self, base=R, names=names,
+                        normalize=True, category=Algebras(R))
+
+    def _element_constructor_(self, x):
+        """
+        EXAMPLES::
+
+            sage: H, (i,j,k) = sage.algebras.free_algebra_quotient.hamilton_quatalg(QQ)
+            sage: H(i) is i
+            True
+            sage: a = H._element_constructor_(1); a
+            1
+            sage: a in H
+            True
+            sage: a = H._element_constructor_([1,2,3,4]); a
+            1 + 2*i + 3*j + 4*k
+        """
+        return self.element_class(self, x)
+
+    def _coerce_map_from_(self, S):
+        """
+        EXAMPLES::
+
+            sage: H, (i,j,k) = sage.algebras.free_algebra_quotient.hamilton_quatalg(QQ)
+            sage: H._coerce_map_from_(H)
+            True
+            sage: H._coerce_map_from_(QQ)
+            True
+            sage: H._coerce_map_from_(GF(7))
+            False
+        """
+        return S == self or self.__free_algebra.has_coerce_map_from(S)
+
+    def _repr_(self) -> str:
+        """
+        EXAMPLES::
+
+            sage: H, (i,j,k) = sage.algebras.free_algebra_quotient.hamilton_quatalg(QQ)
+            sage: H._repr_()
+            "Free algebra quotient on 3 generators ('i', 'j', 'k') and dimension 4 over Rational Field"
+        """
+        R = self.base_ring()
+        n = self.__ngens
+        r = self.__module.dimension()
+        x = self.variable_names()
+        return f"Free algebra quotient on {n} generators {x} and dimension {r} over {R}"
+
+    def gen(self, i):
+        """
+        Return the ``i``-th generator of the algebra.
+
+        EXAMPLES::
+
+            sage: H, (i,j,k) = sage.algebras.free_algebra_quotient.hamilton_quatalg(QQ)
+            sage: H.gen(0)
+            i
+            sage: H.gen(2)
+            k
+
+        An :exc:`IndexError` is raised if an invalid generator is requested::
+
+            sage: H.gen(3)
+            Traceback (most recent call last):
+            ...
+            IndexError: argument i (= 3) must be between 0 and 2
+
+        Negative indexing into the generators is not supported::
+
+            sage: H.gen(-1)
+            Traceback (most recent call last):
+            ...
+            IndexError: argument i (= -1) must be between 0 and 2
+        """
+        n = self.__ngens
+        if i < 0 or not i < n:
+            raise IndexError(f"argument i (= {i}) must be between 0 and {n - 1}")
+        one = self.base_ring().one()
+        F = self.__free_algebra.monoid()
+        return self.element_class(self, {F.gen(i): one})
+
+    def gens(self) -> tuple:
+        """
+        Return the tuple of generators of ``self``.
+
+        EXAMPLES::
+
+            sage: H, (i,j,k) = sage.algebras.free_algebra_quotient.hamilton_quatalg(QQ)
+            sage: H.gens()
+            (i, j, k)
+        """
+        one = self.base_ring().one()
+        F = self.__free_algebra.monoid()
+        return tuple(self.element_class(self, {F.gen(i): one})
+                     for i in range(self.__ngens))
+
+    def ngens(self):
+        """
+        Return the number of generators of the algebra.
+
+        EXAMPLES::
+
+            sage: sage.algebras.free_algebra_quotient.hamilton_quatalg(QQ)[0].ngens()
+            3
+        """
+        return self.__ngens
+
+    def dimension(self):
+        """
+        Return the rank of the algebra (as a free module).
+
+        EXAMPLES::
+
+            sage: sage.algebras.free_algebra_quotient.hamilton_quatalg(QQ)[0].dimension()
+            4
+        """
+        return self.__dim
+
+    def matrix_action(self):
+        """
+        Return the matrix action used to define the algebra.
+
+        EXAMPLES::
+
+            sage: sage.algebras.free_algebra_quotient.hamilton_quatalg(QQ)[0].matrix_action()
+            (
+            [ 0  1  0  0]  [ 0  0  1  0]  [ 0  0  0  1]
+            [-1  0  0  0]  [ 0  0  0  1]  [ 0  0 -1  0]
+            [ 0  0  0 -1]  [-1  0  0  0]  [ 0  1  0  0]
+            [ 0  0  1  0], [ 0 -1  0  0], [-1  0  0  0]
+            )
+        """
+        return self.__matrix_action
+
+    def monomial_basis(self):
+        """
+        The free monoid of generators of the algebra as elements of a free
+        monoid.
+
+        EXAMPLES::
+
+            sage: sage.algebras.free_algebra_quotient.hamilton_quatalg(QQ)[0].monomial_basis()
+            (1, i0, i1, i2)
+        """
+        return self.__monomial_basis
+
+    def rank(self):
+        """
+        Return the rank of the algebra (as a free module).
+
+        EXAMPLES::
+
+            sage: sage.algebras.free_algebra_quotient.hamilton_quatalg(QQ)[0].rank()
+            4
+        """
+        return self.__dim
+
+    def module(self):
+        """
+        Return the free module of the algebra.
+
+        EXAMPLES::
+
+            sage: H = sage.algebras.free_algebra_quotient.hamilton_quatalg(QQ)[0]; H
+            Free algebra quotient on 3 generators ('i', 'j', 'k') and dimension 4 over Rational Field
+            sage: H.module()
+            Vector space of dimension 4 over Rational Field
+        """
+        return self.__module
+
+    def monoid(self):
+        """
+        Return the free monoid of generators of the algebra.
+
+        EXAMPLES::
+
+            sage: sage.algebras.free_algebra_quotient.hamilton_quatalg(QQ)[0].monoid()
+            Free monoid on 3 generators (i0, i1, i2)
+        """
+        return self.__free_algebra.monoid()
+
+    def free_algebra(self):
+        """
+        Return the free algebra generating the algebra.
+
+        EXAMPLES::
+
+            sage: sage.algebras.free_algebra_quotient.hamilton_quatalg(QQ)[0].free_algebra()
+            Free Algebra on 3 generators (i0, i1, i2) over Rational Field
+        """
+        return self.__free_algebra
+
+
+def hamilton_quatalg(R):
+    """
+    Hamilton quaternion algebra over the commutative ring ``R``,
+    constructed as a free algebra quotient.
+
+    INPUT:
+
+    - ``R`` -- a commutative ring
+
+    OUTPUT:
+
+    - ``Q`` -- quaternion algebra
+    - ``gens`` -- generators for ``Q``
+
+    EXAMPLES::
+
+        sage: H, (i,j,k) = sage.algebras.free_algebra_quotient.hamilton_quatalg(ZZ)
+        sage: H
+        Free algebra quotient on 3 generators ('i', 'j', 'k') and dimension 4
+         over Integer Ring
+        sage: i^2
+        -1
+        sage: i in H
+        True
+
+    Note that there is another vastly more efficient model for
+    quaternion algebras in Sage; the one here is mainly for testing
+    purposes::
+
+        sage: R.<i,j,k> = QuaternionAlgebra(QQ,-1,-1)  # much fast than the above       # needs sage.libs.singular
+    """
+    from sage.algebras.free_algebra import FreeAlgebra
+    from sage.matrix.matrix_space import MatrixSpace
+    A = FreeAlgebra(R, 3, 'i')
+    F = A.monoid()
+    i, j, k = F.gens()
+    mons = [F.one(), i, j, k]
+    M = MatrixSpace(R, 4)
+    mats = [M([0, 1, 0, 0, -1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, -1, 0, 0, 1, 0]),
+            M([0, 0, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1, -1, 0, 0, 0, 0, -1, 0, 0]),
+            M([0, 0, 0, 1, 0, 0, -1, 0, 0, 1, 0, 0, -1, 0, 0, 0])]
+    H3 = FreeAlgebraQuotient(A, mons, mats, names=('i', 'j', 'k'))
+    return H3, H3.gens()

sage/algebras/free_algebra_quotient_element.py

@@ -0,0 +1,295 @@
+# sage_setup: distribution = sagemath-combinat
+# sage.doctest: needs sage.combinat sage.modules
+"""
+Free algebra quotient elements
+
+AUTHORS:
+    - William Stein (2011-11-19): improved doctest coverage to 100%
+    - David Kohel (2005-09): initial version
+"""
+
+#*****************************************************************************
+#  Copyright (C) 2005 David Kohel <kohel@maths.usyd.edu>
+#
+#  Distributed under the terms of the GNU General Public License (GPL)
+#
+#    This code is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+#    but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty
+#    of MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.
+#
+#  See the GNU General Public License for more details; the full text
+#  is available at:
+#
+#                  http://www.gnu.org/licenses/
+#*****************************************************************************
+
+from sage.misc.repr import repr_lincomb
+from sage.structure.element import RingElement, AlgebraElement
+from sage.structure.parent_gens import localvars
+from sage.structure.richcmp import richcmp
+from sage.rings.integer import Integer
+from sage.modules.free_module_element import FreeModuleElement
+from sage.monoids.free_monoid_element import FreeMonoidElement
+from sage.algebras.free_algebra_element import FreeAlgebraElement
+
+
+def is_FreeAlgebraQuotientElement(x):
+    """
+    EXAMPLES::
+
+        sage: from sage.algebras.free_algebra_quotient import hamilton_quatalg
+        sage: from sage.algebras.free_algebra_quotient_element import is_FreeAlgebraQuotientElement
+        sage: H, (i,j,k) = hamilton_quatalg(QQ)
+        sage: is_FreeAlgebraQuotientElement(i)
+        doctest:warning...
+        DeprecationWarning: The function is_FreeAlgebraQuotientElement is deprecated;
+        use 'isinstance(..., FreeAlgebraQuotientElement)' instead.
+        See https://github.com/sagemath/sage/issues/38184 for details.
+        True
+
+    Of course this is testing the data type::
+
+        sage: is_FreeAlgebraQuotientElement(1)
+        False
+        sage: is_FreeAlgebraQuotientElement(H(1))
+        True
+    """
+    from sage.misc.superseded import deprecation
+    deprecation(38184,
+                "The function is_FreeAlgebraQuotientElement is deprecated; "
+                "use 'isinstance(..., FreeAlgebraQuotientElement)' instead.")
+    return isinstance(x, FreeAlgebraQuotientElement)
+
+
+class FreeAlgebraQuotientElement(AlgebraElement):
+    def __init__(self, A, x):
+        """
+        Create the element x of the FreeAlgebraQuotient A.
+
+        EXAMPLES::
+
+            sage: from sage.algebras.free_algebra_quotient import FreeAlgebraQuotientElement
+            sage: H, (i,j,k) = sage.algebras.free_algebra_quotient.hamilton_quatalg(ZZ)
+            sage: FreeAlgebraQuotientElement(H, i)
+            i
+            sage: a = FreeAlgebraQuotientElement(H, 1); a
+            1
+            sage: a in H
+            True
+
+        TESTS::
+
+            sage: TestSuite(i).run()
+        """
+        AlgebraElement.__init__(self, A)
+        Q = self.parent()
+
+        if isinstance(x, FreeAlgebraQuotientElement) and x.parent() == Q:
+            self.__vector = Q.module()(x.vector())
+            return
+        if isinstance(x, (Integer, int)):
+            self.__vector = Q.module().gen(0) * x
+            return
+        elif isinstance(x, FreeModuleElement) and x.parent() is Q.module():
+            self.__vector = x
+            return
+        elif isinstance(x, FreeModuleElement) and x.parent() == A.module():
+            self.__vector = x
+            return
+        R = A.base_ring()
+        M = A.module()
+        F = A.monoid()
+        B = A.monomial_basis()
+
+        if isinstance(x, (Integer, int)):
+            self.__vector = x*M.gen(0)
+        elif isinstance(x, RingElement) and not isinstance(x, AlgebraElement) and x in R:
+            self.__vector = x * M.gen(0)
+        elif isinstance(x, FreeMonoidElement) and x.parent() is F:
+            if x in B:
+                self.__vector = M.gen(B.index(x))
+            else:
+                raise AttributeError("argument x (= %s) is not in monomial basis" % x)
+        elif isinstance(x, list) and len(x) == A.dimension():
+            try:
+                self.__vector = M(x)
+            except TypeError:
+                raise TypeError("argument x (= %s) is of the wrong type" % x)
+        elif isinstance(x, FreeAlgebraElement) and x.parent() is A.free_algebra():
+            # Need to do more work here to include monomials not
+            # represented in the monomial basis.
+            self.__vector = M(0)
+            for m, c in x._FreeAlgebraElement__monomial_coefficients.items():
+                self.__vector += c*M.gen(B.index(m))
+        elif isinstance(x, dict):
+            self.__vector = M(0)
+            for m, c in x.items():
+                self.__vector += c*M.gen(B.index(m))
+        elif isinstance(x, AlgebraElement) and x.parent().ambient_algebra() is A:
+            self.__vector = x.ambient_algebra_element().vector()
+        else:
+            raise TypeError("argument x (= %s) is of the wrong type" % x)
+
+    def _repr_(self):
+        """
+        EXAMPLES::
+
+            sage: H, (i,j,k) = sage.algebras.free_algebra_quotient.hamilton_quatalg(ZZ)
+            sage: i._repr_()
+            'i'
+        """
+        Q = self.parent()
+        M = Q.monoid()
+        with localvars(M, Q.variable_names()):
+            cffs = list(self.__vector)
+            mons = Q.monomial_basis()
+            return repr_lincomb(zip(mons, cffs), strip_one=True)
+
+    def _latex_(self):
+        r"""
+        EXAMPLES::
+
+            sage: H, (i,j,k) = sage.algebras.free_algebra_quotient.hamilton_quatalg(QQ)
+            sage: ((2/3)*i - j)._latex_()
+            '\\frac{2}{3} i - j'
+        """
+        Q = self.parent()
+        M = Q.monoid()
+        with localvars(M, Q.variable_names()):
+            cffs = tuple(self.__vector)
+            mons = Q.monomial_basis()
+            return repr_lincomb(zip(mons, cffs), is_latex=True, strip_one=True)
+
+    def vector(self):
+        """
+        Return underlying vector representation of this element.
+
+        EXAMPLES::
+
+            sage: H, (i,j,k) = sage.algebras.free_algebra_quotient.hamilton_quatalg(QQ)
+            sage: ((2/3)*i - j).vector()
+            (0, 2/3, -1, 0)
+        """
+        return self.__vector
+
+    def _richcmp_(self, right, op):
+        """
+        Compare two quotient algebra elements; done by comparing the
+        underlying vector representatives.
+
+        EXAMPLES::
+
+            sage: H, (i,j,k) = sage.algebras.free_algebra_quotient.hamilton_quatalg(QQ)
+            sage: i > j
+            True
+            sage: i == i
+            True
+            sage: i == 1
+            False
+            sage: i + j == j + i
+            True
+        """
+        return richcmp(self.vector(), right.vector(), op)
+
+    def __neg__(self):
+        """
+        Return negative of ``self``.
+
+        EXAMPLES::
+
+            sage: H, (i,j,k) = sage.algebras.free_algebra_quotient.hamilton_quatalg(QQ)
+            sage: -i
+            -i
+            sage: -(2/3*i - 3/7*j + k)
+            -2/3*i + 3/7*j - k
+        """
+        y = self.parent()(0)
+        y.__vector = -self.__vector
+        return y
+
+    def _add_(self, y):
+        """
+        EXAMPLES::
+
+            sage: H, (i,j,k) = sage.algebras.free_algebra_quotient.hamilton_quatalg(QQ)
+            sage: 2/3*i + 4*j + k
+            2/3*i + 4*j + k
+        """
+        A = self.parent()
+        z = A(0)
+        z.__vector = self.__vector + y.__vector
+        return z
+
+    def _sub_(self, y):
+        """
+        EXAMPLES::
+
+            sage: H, (i,j,k) = sage.algebras.free_algebra_quotient.hamilton_quatalg(QQ)
+            sage: 2/3*i - 4*j
+            2/3*i - 4*j
+            sage: a = 2/3*i - 4*j; a
+            2/3*i - 4*j
+            sage: a - a
+            0
+        """
+        A = self.parent()
+        z = A(0)
+        z.__vector = self.__vector - y.__vector
+        return z
+
+    def _mul_(self, y):
+        """
+        EXAMPLES::
+
+            sage: H, (i,j,k) = sage.algebras.free_algebra_quotient.hamilton_quatalg(QQ)
+            sage: a = (5 + 2*i - 3/5*j + 17*k); a*(a+10)
+            -5459/25 + 40*i - 12*j + 340*k
+
+        Double check that the above is actually right::
+
+            sage: R.<i,j,k> = QuaternionAlgebra(QQ,-1,-1)                               # needs sage.libs.singular
+            sage: a = (5 + 2*i - 3/5*j + 17*k); a*(a+10)                                # needs sage.libs.singular
+            -5459/25 + 40*i - 12*j + 340*k
+        """
+        A = self.parent()
+
+        def monomial_product(X, w, m):
+            mats = X._FreeAlgebraQuotient__matrix_action
+            for j, k in m._element_list:
+                M = mats[int(j)]
+                for _ in range(k):
+                    w *= M
+            return w
+        u = self.__vector.__copy__()
+        v = y.__vector
+        z = A(0)
+        B = A.monomial_basis()
+        for i in range(A.dimension()):
+            c = v[i]
+            if c != 0:
+                z.__vector += monomial_product(A,c*u,B[i])
+        return z
+
+    def _rmul_(self, c):
+        """
+        EXAMPLES::
+
+            sage: H, (i,j,k) = sage.algebras.free_algebra_quotient.hamilton_quatalg(QQ)
+            sage: 3 * (-1+i-2*j+k)
+            -3 + 3*i - 6*j + 3*k
+            sage: (-1+i-2*j+k)._rmul_(3)
+            -3 + 3*i - 6*j + 3*k
+        """
+        return self.parent([c*a for a in self.__vector])
+
+    def _lmul_(self, c):
+        """
+        EXAMPLES::
+
+            sage: H, (i,j,k) = sage.algebras.free_algebra_quotient.hamilton_quatalg(QQ)
+            sage: (-1+i-2*j+k) * 3
+            -3 + 3*i - 6*j + 3*k
+            sage: (-1+i-2*j+k)._lmul_(3)
+            -3 + 3*i - 6*j + 3*k
+        """
+        return self.parent([a*c for a in self.__vector])