passagemath-combinat 10.6.42__cp314-cp314-musllinux_1_2_x86_64.whl

sage/combinat/partition_kleshchev.py

@@ -0,0 +1,1982 @@
+# sage_setup: distribution = sagemath-combinat
+# sage.doctest: needs sage.combinat sage.modules
+r"""
+Kleshchev partitions
+====================
+
+A partition (tuple) `\mu` is Kleshchev if it can be recursively
+obtained by adding a sequence of good nodes to the empty
+:class:`PartitionTuple` of the same :meth:`~PartitionTuple.level`
+and *multicharge*. In this way, the set of Kleshchev multipartitions becomes
+a realization of a Kashiwara crystal :mod:`sage.combinat.crystals.crystals`
+for a irreducible integral highest weight representation of
+`U_q(\widehat{\mathfrak{sl}}_e)`.
+
+The Kleshchev multipartitions first appeared in the work of Ariki and Mathas
+[AM2000]_ where it was shown that they index the irreducible representations
+of the cyclotomic Hecke algebras of type `A` [AK1994]_. Soon afterwards Ariki
+[Ariki2001]_ showed that the set of Kleshchev multipartitions naturally label
+the irreducible representations of these algebras.  As a far reaching
+generalization of these ideas the Ariki-Brundan-Kleshchev categorification
+theorem [Ariki1996]_ [BK2009]_ says that these algebras categorify the
+irreducible integral highest weight representations of the quantum group
+`U_q(\widehat{\mathfrak{sl}}_e)` of the affine special linear group. Under
+this categorification, `q` corresponds to the grading shift on the
+cyclotomic Hecke algebras, where the grading from the Brundan-Kleshchev
+graded isomorphism theorem to the *KLR algebras* of type `A` [BK2009]_.
+
+The group algebras of the symmetric group in characteristic `p` are an
+important special case of the cyclotomic Hecke algebras of type `A`.
+In this case, depending on your prefer convention, the set of Kleshchev
+partitions is the set of *`p`-regular* or *`p`-restricted*
+:class:`~sage.combinat.partition.Partitions`. In this case, Kleshchev
+[Kle1995]_ proved that the *modular branching rules* were given by adding
+and removing *good nodes*; see :meth:`~KleshchevPartition.good_cells`.
+Lascoux, Leclerc and Thibon [LLT1996]_ noticed that Kleshchev's branching
+rules coincided with Kashiwara's crystal operators for the fundamental
+representation of `L(\Lambda_0)` of `U_q(\widehat{\mathfrak{sl}}_p)`
+and their celebrated *LLT conjecture* said that decomposition matrices of
+the :class:`sage.algebras.iwahori_hecke_algebra.IwahoriHeckeAlgebra` of
+the symmetric group should be computable using the canonical basis of
+`L(\Lambda_0)`. This was proved and generalised to all cyclotomic Hecke
+algebras of type `A` by Ariki [Ariki1996]_ and then further generalized
+to the graded setting by Brundan and Kleshchev [BK2009]_.
+
+The main class for accessing Kleshchev partition (tuples) is
+:class:`~KleshchevPartitions`. Unfortunately, just as with the
+symmetric group, different authors use different conventions when
+defining Kleshchev partitions, which depends on whether you read
+components from left to right, or right to left, and whether you
+read the nodes in the partition in each component from top to bottom
+or bottom to top. The :class:`~KleshchevPartitions` class supports
+these four different conventions::
+
+    sage: KleshchevPartitions(2, [0,0], size=2, convention='left regular')[:]
+    [([1], [1]), ([2], [])]
+    sage: KleshchevPartitions(2, [0,0], size=2, convention='left restricted')[:]
+    [([1], [1]), ([], [1, 1])]
+    sage: KleshchevPartitions(2, [0,0], size=2, convention='right regular')[:]
+    [([1], [1]), ([], [2])]
+    sage: KleshchevPartitions(2, [0,0], size=2, convention='right restricted')[:]
+    [([1], [1]), ([1, 1], [])]
+
+By default, the ``left restricted`` convention is used. As a shorthand,
+``LG``, ``LS``, ``RG`` and ``RS``, respectively, can be used to specify the
+``convention`` With the ``left`` convention the partition tuples should be
+ordered with the most dominant partitions in the partition tuple on the left
+and with the ``right`` convention the most dominant partition is on the right.
+
+The :class:`~KleshchevPartitions` class can automatically convert between
+these four different conventions::
+
+    sage: KPlg = KleshchevPartitions(2, [0,0], size=2, convention='left regular')
+    sage: KPls = KleshchevPartitions(2, [0,0], size=2, convention='left restricted')
+    sage: [KPlg(mu) for mu in KPls] # indirect doc test
+    [([1], [1]), ([2], [])]
+
+AUTHORS:
+
+- Andrew Mathas and Travis Scrimshaw (2018-05-1): Initial version
+"""
+
+from .partition import Partition, Partitions
+from .partition_tuple import PartitionTuple, PartitionTuples
+
+from sage.categories.finite_enumerated_sets import FiniteEnumeratedSets
+from sage.categories.infinite_enumerated_sets import InfiniteEnumeratedSets
+from sage.misc.lazy_attribute import lazy_attribute
+from sage.rings.finite_rings.integer_mod_ring import IntegerModRing
+from sage.rings.integer_ring import ZZ
+from sage.rings.semirings.non_negative_integer_semiring import NN
+from sage.cpython.getattr import getattr_from_other_class
+
+from collections import defaultdict
+
+#--------------------------------------------------
+# Kleshchev partition - element classes
+#--------------------------------------------------
+
+
+class KleshchevPartition(Partition):
+    r"""
+    Abstract base class for Kleshchev partitions. See
+    :class:`~KleshchevPartitions`.
+    """
+
+    def conormal_cells(self, i=None):
+        r"""
+        Return a dictionary of the cells of ``self`` which are conormal.
+
+        Following [Kle1995]_, the *conormal* cells are computed by
+        reading up (or down) the rows of the partition and marking all
+        of the addable and removable cells of `e`-residue `i` and then
+        recursively removing all adjacent pairs of removable and addable
+        cells (in that order) from this list. The addable `i`-cells that
+        remain at the end of the this process are the conormal `i`-cells.
+
+        When computing conormal cells you can either read the cells in order
+        from top to bottom (this corresponds to labeling the simple modules
+        of the symmetric group by regular partitions) or from bottom to top
+        (corresponding to labeling the simples by restricted partitions).
+        By default we read down the partition but this can be changed by
+        setting ``convention = 'RS'``.
+
+        INPUT:
+
+        - ``i`` -- (optional) a residue
+
+        OUTPUT:
+
+        If no residue ``i`` is specified then a dictionary of conormal cells
+        is returned, which gives the conormal cells for ``0 <= i < e``.
+
+        EXAMPLES::
+
+            sage: KP = KleshchevPartitions(3, convention='regular')
+            sage: KP([5,4,4,3,2]).conormal_cells()
+            {0: [(1, 4)], 1: [(5, 0), (4, 2)]}
+            sage: KP([5,4,4,3,2]).conormal_cells(0)
+            [(1, 4)]
+            sage: KP([5,4,4,3,2]).conormal_cells(1)
+            [(5, 0), (4, 2)]
+            sage: KP = KleshchevPartitions(3, convention='restricted')
+            sage: KP([5,4,4,3,2]).conormal_cells()
+            {0: [(1, 4), (3, 3)], 2: [(0, 5)]}
+        """
+        # We use a dictionary for the conormal nodes as the indexing set is Z when e=0
+        conormals = defaultdict(list)   # the conormal cells of each residue
+        carry = defaultdict(int)        # a tally of #(removable cells) - #(addable cells)
+
+        # determine if we read up or down the partition
+        KP = self.parent()
+        rows = list(range(len(self)+1))
+        if KP._convention[1] == 'G':
+            rows.reverse()
+
+        # work through the rows
+        for row in rows:
+            if row == len(self): # addable cell at bottom of partition
+                res = KP._multicharge[0] - row
+                if carry[res] == 0:
+                    conormals[res].append((row, 0))
+                else:
+                    carry[res] += 1
+            else:
+                res = KP._multicharge[0] + self[row] - row - 1
+                if row == len(self)-1 or self[row] > self[row+1]:  # removable cell
+                    carry[res] -= 1
+                if row == 0 or self[row-1] > self[row]:  # addable cell
+                    if carry[res+1] >= 0:
+                        conormals[res+1].append((row, self[row]))
+                    else:
+                        carry[res+1] += 1
+
+        # finally return the result
+        return dict(conormals) if i is None else conormals[i]
+
+    def cogood_cells(self, i=None):
+        r"""
+        Return a list of the cells of ``self`` that are cogood.
+
+        The cogood `i`-cell is the 'last' conormal `i`-cell. As with the
+        conormal cells we can choose to read either up or down the partition as
+        specified by :meth:`~KleshchevPartitions.convention`.
+
+        INPUT:
+
+        - ``i`` -- (optional) a residue
+
+        OUTPUT:
+
+        If no residue ``i`` is specified then a dictionary of cogood cells
+        is returned, which gives the cogood cells for ``0 <= i < e``.
+
+        EXAMPLES::
+
+            sage: KP = KleshchevPartitions(3, convention='regular')
+            sage: KP([5,4,4,3,2]).cogood_cells()
+            {0: (1, 4), 1: (4, 2)}
+            sage: KP([5,4,4,3,2]).cogood_cells(0)
+            (1, 4)
+            sage: KP([5,4,4,3,2]).cogood_cells(1)
+            (4, 2)
+            sage: KP = KleshchevPartitions(4, convention='restricted')
+            sage: KP([5,4,4,3,2]).cogood_cells()
+            {1: (0, 5), 2: (4, 2), 3: (1, 4)}
+            sage: KP([5,4,4,3,2]).cogood_cells(0)
+            sage: KP([5,4,4,3,2]).cogood_cells(2)
+            (4, 2)
+        """
+        conormal_cells = self.conormal_cells(i)
+        if i is None:
+            return {i: conormal_cells[i][-1] for i in conormal_cells}
+        elif not conormal_cells:
+            return None
+
+        return conormal_cells[-1]
+
+    def normal_cells(self, i=None):
+        r"""
+        Return a dictionary of the cells of the partition that are normal.
+
+        Following [Kle1995]_, the *normal* cells are computed by
+        reading up (or down) the rows of the partition and marking all
+        of the addable and removable cells of `e`-residue `i` and then
+        recursively removing all adjacent pairs of removable and
+        addable cells (in that order) from this list. The removable
+        `i`-cells that remain at the end of the this process are the
+        normal `i`-cells.
+
+        When computing normal cells you can either read the cells in order
+        from top to bottom (this corresponds to labeling the simple modules
+        of the symmetric group by regular partitions) or from bottom to top
+        (corresponding to labeling the simples by restricted partitions).
+        By default we read down the partition but this can be changed by
+        setting ``convention = 'RS'``.
+
+        INPUT:
+
+        - ``i`` -- (optional) a residue
+
+        OUTPUT:
+
+        If no residue ``i`` is specified then a dictionary of normal cells
+        is returned, which gives the normal cells for ``0 <= i < e``.
+
+        EXAMPLES::
+
+            sage: KP = KleshchevPartitions(3, convention='regular')
+            sage: KP([5,4,4,3,2]).normal_cells()
+            {1: [(2, 3), (0, 4)]}
+            sage: KP([5,4,4,3,2]).normal_cells(1)
+            [(2, 3), (0, 4)]
+            sage: KP = KleshchevPartitions(3, convention='restricted')
+            sage: KP([5,4,4,3,2]).normal_cells()
+            {0: [(4, 1)], 2: [(3, 2)]}
+            sage: KP([5,4,4,3,2]).normal_cells(2)
+            [(3, 2)]
+        """
+        # We use a dictionary for the normal nodes as the indexing set is Z when e=0
+        normals = defaultdict(list)     # the normal cells of each residue
+        carry = defaultdict(int)        # a tally of #(removable cells)-#(addable cells)
+
+        # determine if we read up or down the partition
+        KP = self.parent()
+        rows = list(range(len(self)+1))
+        if KP._convention[1] == 'S':
+            rows.reverse()
+
+        # work through the rows
+        for row in rows:
+            if row == len(self): # addable cell at bottom of partition
+                carry[KP._multicharge[0]-row] += 1
+            else:
+                res = KP._multicharge[0] + self[row] - row - 1
+                if row == len(self) - 1 or self[row] > self[row+1]: # removable cell
+                    if carry[res] == 0:
+                        normals[res].insert(0, (row, self[row]-1))
+                    else:
+                        carry[res] -= 1
+                if row == 0 or self[row-1] > self[row]:              # addable cell
+                    carry[res+1] += 1
+
+        # finally return the result
+        return dict(normals) if i is None else normals[i]
+
+    def good_cells(self, i=None):
+        """
+        Return a list of the cells of ``self`` that are good.
+
+        The good `i`-cell is the 'first' normal `i`-cell. As with the normal
+        cells we can choose to read either up or down the partition as
+        specified by :meth:`~KleshchevPartitions.convention`.
+
+        INPUT:
+
+        - ``i`` -- (optional) a residue
+
+        OUTPUT:
+
+        If no residue ``i`` is specified then a dictionary of good cells
+        is returned, which gives the good cells for ``0 <= i < e``.
+
+        EXAMPLES::
+
+            sage: KP3 = KleshchevPartitions(3, convention='regular')
+            sage: KP3([5,4,4,3,2]).good_cells()
+            {1: (2, 3)}
+            sage: KP3([5,4,4,3,2]).good_cells(1)
+            (2, 3)
+            sage: KP4 = KleshchevPartitions(4, convention='restricted')
+            sage: KP4([5,4,4,3,2]).good_cells()
+            {1: (2, 3)}
+            sage: KP4([5,4,4,3,2]).good_cells(0)
+            sage: KP4([5,4,4,3,2]).good_cells(1)
+            (2, 3)
+        """
+        normal_cells = self.normal_cells(i)
+        if i is None:
+            return {j: normal_cells[j][0] for j in normal_cells}
+        elif not normal_cells:
+            return None
+
+        return normal_cells[0]
+
+    def good_residue_sequence(self):
+        """
+        Return a sequence of good nodes from the empty partition
+        to ``self``, or ``None`` if no such sequence exists.
+
+        EXAMPLES::
+
+            sage: KP = KleshchevPartitions(3, convention='regular')
+            sage: KP([5,4,4,3,2]).good_residue_sequence()
+            [0, 2, 1, 1, 0, 2, 0, 2, 1, 1, 0, 2, 0, 2, 2, 0, 1, 1]
+            sage: KP = KleshchevPartitions(3, convention='restricted')
+            sage: KP([5,4,4,3,2]).good_residue_sequence()
+            [0, 1, 2, 2, 0, 1, 0, 2, 1, 2, 0, 1, 0, 2, 1, 2, 1, 0]
+        """
+        if not self:
+            return []
+
+        good_cells = self.good_cells()
+        assert good_cells
+
+        res = sorted(good_cells)[0]
+        r, c = good_cells[res]
+        good_seq = type(self)(self.parent(), self.remove_cell(r,c)).good_residue_sequence()
+        good_seq.append(self.parent()._index_set(res))
+        return good_seq
+
+    def good_cell_sequence(self):
+        """
+        Return a sequence of good nodes from the empty partition
+        to ``self``, or ``None`` if no such sequence exists.
+
+        EXAMPLES::
+
+            sage: KP = KleshchevPartitions(3, convention='regular')
+            sage: KP([5,4,4,3,2]).good_cell_sequence()
+            [(0, 0), (1, 0), (0, 1), (2, 0), (1, 1), (0, 2),
+             (3, 0), (2, 1), (1, 2), (3, 1), (0, 3), (1, 3),
+             (2, 2), (3, 2), (4, 0), (4, 1), (0, 4), (2, 3)]
+            sage: KP = KleshchevPartitions(3, convention='restricted')
+            sage: KP([5,4,4,3,2]).good_cell_sequence()
+            [(0, 0), (0, 1), (1, 0), (0, 2), (1, 1), (2, 0),
+             (0, 3), (2, 1), (1, 2), (1, 3), (3, 0), (3, 1),
+             (2, 2), (4, 0), (2, 3), (3, 2), (0, 4), (4, 1)]
+        """
+        if not self:
+            return []
+
+        good_cells = self.good_cells()
+        assert good_cells
+
+        cell = good_cells[sorted(good_cells)[0]]
+        good_seq = type(self)(self.parent(), self.remove_cell(*cell)).good_cell_sequence()
+        good_seq.append(cell)
+        return good_seq
+
+    def mullineux_conjugate(self):
+        r"""
+        Return the partition tuple that is the Mullineux conjugate of ``self``.
+
+        It follows from results in [BK2009]_, [Mat2015]_ that if `\nu` is the
+        Mullineux conjugate of the Kleshchev partition tuple `\mu` then the
+        simple module `D^\nu =(D^\mu)^{\text{sgn}}` is obtained from `D^\mu`
+        by twisting by the `\text{sgn}`-automorphism with is the
+        Iwahori-Hecke algebra analogue of tensoring with the one
+        dimensional sign representation.
+
+        EXAMPLES::
+
+            sage: KP = KleshchevPartitions(3, convention='regular')
+            sage: KP([5,4,4,3,2]).mullineux_conjugate()
+            [9, 7, 1, 1]
+            sage: KP = KleshchevPartitions(3, convention='restricted')
+            sage: KP([5,4,4,3,2]).mullineux_conjugate()
+            [3, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 1, 1, 1]
+            sage: KP = KleshchevPartitions(3, [2], convention='regular')
+            sage: mc = KP([5,4,4,3,2]).mullineux_conjugate(); mc
+            [9, 7, 1, 1]
+            sage: mc.parent().multicharge()
+            (1,)
+            sage: KP = KleshchevPartitions(3, [2], convention='restricted')
+            sage: mc = KP([5,4,4,3,2]).mullineux_conjugate(); mc
+            [3, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 1, 1, 1]
+            sage: mc.parent().multicharge()
+            (1,)
+        """
+        P = self.parent()
+        if not self:
+            size = None
+            if isinstance(P, KleshchevPartitions_size):
+                size = P._size
+            KP = KleshchevPartitions(P._e, [-c for c in P._multicharge],
+                                     size=size, convention=P._convention)
+            return KP.element_class(KP, [])
+
+        good_cells = self.good_cells()
+        assert good_cells
+
+        r, c = sorted(good_cells.values())[0]
+        # This is technically wrong when the parent has a fixed size because
+        #   the resulting Kleshchev partition after removing a cell has abs
+        #   smaller size. However, this is useful to avoid constructing
+        #   transient parents.
+        mu = P.element_class(P, self.remove_cell(r, c)).mullineux_conjugate()
+        # add back on a cogood cell of residue -residue(k,r,c)
+        KP = mu.parent()
+        return KP.element_class(KP, mu.add_cell(*mu.cogood_cells( r-c-self.parent()._multicharge[0]) ))
+
+    def is_regular(self):
+        r"""
+        Return ``True`` if ``self`` is a `e`-regular partition tuple.
+
+        A partition tuple is `e`-regular if we can get to the empty partition
+        tuple by successively removing a sequence of good cells in the down
+        direction. Equivalently, all partitions are `0`-regular and if `e > 0`
+        then a partition is `e`-regular if no `e` nonzero parts of ``self``
+        are equal.
+
+        EXAMPLES::
+
+            sage: KP = KleshchevPartitions(2)
+            sage: KP([2,1,1]).is_regular()
+            False
+            sage: KP = KleshchevPartitions(3)
+            sage: KP([2,1,1]).is_regular()
+            True
+            sage: KP([]).is_regular()
+            True
+        """
+        if self.size() == 0 or self.parent()._e == 0:
+            return True
+        KP = self.parent()
+        return super().is_regular(KP._e, KP._multicharge)
+
+    def is_restricted(self):
+        r"""
+        Return ``True`` if ``self`` is an `e`-restricted partition tuple.
+
+        A partition tuple is `e`-restricted if we can get to the empty
+        partition tuple by successively removing a sequence of good cells in
+        the up direction. Equivalently, all partitions are `0`-restricted and
+        if `e > 0` then a partition is `e`-restricted if the difference of
+        successive parts of ``self`` are always strictly less than `e`.
+
+        EXAMPLES::
+
+            sage: KP = KleshchevPartitions(2, convention='regular')
+            sage: KP([3,1]).is_restricted()
+            False
+            sage: KP = KleshchevPartitions(3, convention='regular')
+            sage: KP([3,1]).is_restricted()
+            True
+            sage: KP([]).is_restricted()
+            True
+        """
+        if self.size() == 0 or self.parent()._e == 0:
+            return True
+        KP = self.parent()
+        return super().is_restricted(KP._e, KP._multicharge)
+
+
+class KleshchevPartitionTuple(PartitionTuple):
+    r"""
+    Abstract base class for Kleshchev partition tuples. See
+    :class:`~KleshchevPartitions`.
+    """
+
+    def conormal_cells(self, i=None):
+        r"""
+        Return a dictionary of the cells of the partition that are conormal.
+
+        Following [Kle1995]_, the *conormal* cells are computed by
+        reading up (or down) the rows of the partition and marking all
+        of the addable and removable cells of `e`-residue `i` and then
+        recursively removing all adjacent pairs of removable and addable
+        cells (in that order) from this list. The addable `i`-cells that
+        remain at the end of the this process are the conormal `i`-cells.
+
+        When computing conormal cells you can either read the cells in order
+        from top to bottom (this corresponds to labeling the simple modules
+        of the symmetric group by regular partitions) or from bottom to top
+        (corresponding to labeling the simples by restricted partitions).
+        By default we read down the partition but this can be changed by
+        setting ``convention = 'RS'``.
+
+        INPUT:
+
+        - ``i`` -- (optional) a residue
+
+        OUTPUT:
+
+        If no residue ``i`` is specified then a dictionary of conormal cells
+        is returned, which gives the conormal cells for ``0 <= i < e``.
+
+        EXAMPLES::
+
+            sage: KP = KleshchevPartitions(3, [0,1], convention="left regular")
+            sage: KP([[4, 2], [5, 3, 1]]).conormal_cells()
+            {0: [(1, 2, 1), (1, 1, 3), (1, 0, 5)],
+            1: [(1, 3, 0), (0, 2, 0), (0, 1, 2), (0, 0, 4)]}
+            sage: KP([[4, 2], [5, 3, 1]]).conormal_cells(1)
+            [(1, 3, 0), (0, 2, 0), (0, 1, 2), (0, 0, 4)]
+            sage: KP([[4, 2], [5, 3, 1]]).conormal_cells(2)
+            []
+            sage: KP = KleshchevPartitions(3, [0,1], convention="right restricted")
+            sage: KP([[4, 2], [5, 3, 1]]).conormal_cells(0)
+            [(1, 0, 5), (1, 1, 3), (1, 2, 1)]
+        """
+        # We use a dictionary for the conormal nodes as the indexing set is Z when e=0
+        conormals = defaultdict(list)   # the conormal cells of each residue
+        carry = defaultdict(int)        # a tally of #(removable cells)-#(addable cells)
+
+        part_lens = [len(part) for part in self]  # so we don't repeatedly call these
+        # the indices for the rows ending in addable nodes
+        KP = self.parent()
+        if KP._convention[0] == 'L':
+            rows = [(k,r) for k,ell in enumerate(part_lens) for r in range(ell+1)]
+        else:
+            rows = [(k,r) for k,ell in reversed(list(enumerate(part_lens))) for r in range(ell+1)]
+        if KP._convention[1] == 'G':
+            rows.reverse()
+
+        for row in rows:
+            k,r = row
+            if r == part_lens[k]: # addable cell at bottom of a component
+                res = KP._multicharge[k] - r
+                if carry[res] == 0:
+                    conormals[res].append((k, r, 0))
+                else:
+                    carry[res] += 1
+            else:
+                part = self[k]
+                res = KP._multicharge[k] + (part[r] - r - 1)
+                if r == part_lens[k] - 1 or part[r] > part[r+1]: # removable cell
+                    carry[res] -= 1
+                if r == 0 or part[r-1] > part[r]:                # addable cell
+                    if carry[res+1] == 0:
+                        conormals[res+1].append((k, r, part[r]))
+                    else:
+                        carry[res+1] += 1
+
+        # finally return the result
+        if i is None:
+            return dict(conormals)
+        return conormals[i]
+
+    def cogood_cells(self, i=None):
+        r"""
+        Return a list of the cells of the partition that are cogood.
+
+        The cogood `i`-cell is the 'last' conormal `i`-cell. As with the
+        conormal cells we can choose to read either up or down the partition
+        as specified by :meth:`~KleshchevPartitions.convention`.
+
+        INPUT:
+
+        - ``i`` -- (optional) a residue
+
+        OUTPUT:
+
+        If no residue ``i`` is specified then a dictionary of cogood cells
+        is returned, which gives the cogood cells for ``0 <= i < e``.
+
+        EXAMPLES::
+
+            sage: KP = KleshchevPartitions(3, [0,1])
+            sage: pt = KP([[4, 2], [5, 3, 1]])
+            sage: pt.cogood_cells()
+            {0: (1, 2, 1), 1: (1, 3, 0)}
+            sage: pt.cogood_cells(0)
+            (1, 2, 1)
+            sage: KP = KleshchevPartitions(4, [0,1], convention="left regular")
+            sage: pt = KP([[5, 2, 2], [6, 1, 1]])
+            sage: pt.cogood_cells()
+            {1: (0, 0, 5), 2: (1, 3, 0)}
+            sage: pt.cogood_cells(0) is None
+            True
+            sage: pt.cogood_cells(1) is None
+            False
+        """
+        conormal_cells = self.conormal_cells(i)
+        if i is None:
+            return {j: conormal_cells[j][-1] for j in conormal_cells}
+        elif not conormal_cells:
+            return None
+
+        return conormal_cells[-1]
+
+    def normal_cells(self, i=None):
+        r"""
+        Return a dictionary of the removable cells of the partition that
+        are normal.
+
+        Following [Kle1995]_, the *normal* cells are computed by
+        reading up (or down) the rows of the partition and marking all
+        of the addable and removable cells of `e`-residue `i` and then
+        recursively removing all adjacent pairs of removable and
+        addable cells (in that order) from this list. The removable
+        `i`-cells that remain at the end of the this process are the
+        normal `i`-cells.
+
+        When computing normal cells you can either read the cells in order
+        from top to bottom (this corresponds to labeling the simple modules
+        of the symmetric group by regular partitions) or from bottom to top
+        (corresponding to labeling the simples by restricted partitions).
+        By default we read down the partition but this can be changed by
+        setting ``convention = 'RS'``.
+
+        INPUT:
+
+        - ``i`` -- (optional) a residue
+
+        OUTPUT:
+
+        If no residue ``i`` is specified then a dictionary of normal cells
+        is returned, which gives the normal cells for ``0 <= i < e``.
+
+        EXAMPLES::
+
+            sage: KP = KleshchevPartitions(3, [0,1], convention="left restricted")
+            sage: KP([[4, 2], [5, 3, 1]]).normal_cells()
+            {2: [(1, 0, 4), (1, 1, 2), (1, 2, 0)]}
+            sage: KP([[4, 2], [5, 3, 1]]).normal_cells(1)
+            []
+            sage: KP = KleshchevPartitions(3, [0,1], convention="left regular")
+            sage: KP([[4, 2], [5, 3, 1]]).normal_cells()
+            {0: [(0, 1, 1), (0, 0, 3)], 2: [(1, 2, 0), (1, 1, 2), (1, 0, 4)]}
+            sage: KP = KleshchevPartitions(3, [0,1], convention="right regular")
+            sage: KP([[4, 2], [5, 3, 1]]).normal_cells()
+            {2: [(1, 2, 0), (1, 1, 2), (1, 0, 4)]}
+            sage: KP = KleshchevPartitions(3, [0,1], convention="right restricted")
+            sage: KP([[4, 2], [5, 3, 1]]).normal_cells()
+            {0: [(0, 0, 3), (0, 1, 1)], 2: [(1, 0, 4), (1, 1, 2), (1, 2, 0)]}
+        """
+        # We use a dictionary for the normal nodes as the indexing set is Z when e=0
+        normals = defaultdict(list)     # the normal cells of each residue
+        carry = defaultdict(int)        # a tally of #(removable cells)-#(addable cells)
+
+        part_lens = [len(part) for part in self]  # so we don't repeatedly call these
+        KP = self.parent()
+        if KP._convention[0] == 'L':
+            rows = [(k, r) for k, ell in enumerate(part_lens) for r in range(ell+1)]
+        else:
+            rows = [(k, r) for k, ell in reversed(list(enumerate(part_lens))) for r in range(ell+1)]
+        if KP._convention[1] == 'S':
+            rows.reverse()
+
+        for row in rows:
+            k, r = row
+            if r == part_lens[k]:  # addable cell at bottom of a component
+                carry[KP._multicharge[k]-r] += 1
+            else:
+                part = self[k]
+                res = KP._multicharge[k] + (part[r] - r - 1)
+                if r == part_lens[k]-1 or part[r] > part[r+1]:  # removable cell
+                    if carry[res] == 0:
+                        normals[res].insert(0, (k, r, part[r]-1))
+                    else:
+                        carry[res] -= 1
+                if r == 0 or part[r-1] > part[r]:     # addable cell
+                    carry[res+1] += 1
+
+        # finally return the result
+        if i is None:
+            return dict(normals)    # change the defaultdict into a dict
+
+        return normals[i]
+
+    def good_cells(self, i=None):
+        r"""
+        Return a list of the cells of the partition tuple which are good.
+
+        The good `i`-cell is the 'first' normal `i`-cell. As with the normal
+        cells we can choose to read either up or down the partition as specified
+        by :meth:`~KleshchevPartitions.convention`.
+
+        INPUT:
+
+        - ``i`` -- (optional) a residue
+
+        OUTPUT:
+
+        If no residue ``i`` is specified then a dictionary of good cells
+        is returned, which gives the good cells for ``0 <= i < e``.
+
+        EXAMPLES::
+
+            sage: KP = KleshchevPartitions(3, [0,1])
+            sage: pt = KP([[4, 2], [5, 3, 1]])
+            sage: pt.good_cells()
+            {2: (1, 0, 4)}
+            sage: pt.good_cells(2)
+            (1, 0, 4)
+            sage: KP = KleshchevPartitions(4, [0,1], convention="left regular")
+            sage: pt = KP([[5, 2, 2], [6, 2, 1]])
+            sage: pt.good_cells()
+            {0: (0, 0, 4), 2: (1, 0, 5), 3: (0, 2, 1)}
+            sage: pt.good_cells(1) is None
+            True
+        """
+        normal_cells = self.normal_cells(i)
+        if i is None:
+            return {j: normal_cells[j][0] for j in normal_cells}
+        elif not normal_cells:
+            return None
+
+        return normal_cells[0]
+
+    def good_residue_sequence(self):
+        """
+        Return a sequence of good nodes from the empty partition to ``self``.
+
+        EXAMPLES::
+
+            sage: KP = KleshchevPartitions(3, [0,1])
+            sage: KP([[4, 2], [5, 3, 1]]).good_residue_sequence()
+            [0, 1, 2, 1, 2, 0, 1, 0, 2, 2, 0, 1, 0, 2, 2]
+        """
+        if self.size() == 0:
+            return []
+        good_cells = self.good_cells()
+        assert good_cells
+
+        res = sorted(good_cells.keys())[0]
+        k, r, c = good_cells[res]
+        good_seq = type(self)(self.parent(), self.remove_cell(k,r,c)).good_residue_sequence()
+        good_seq.append( self.parent()._index_set(res) )
+        return good_seq
+
+    def good_cell_sequence(self):
+        """
+        Return a sequence of good nodes from the empty partition to ``self``.
+
+        EXAMPLES::
+
+            sage: KP = KleshchevPartitions(3,[0,1])
+            sage: KP([[4, 2], [5, 3, 1]]).good_cell_sequence()
+            [(0, 0, 0), (1, 0, 0), (1, 0, 1), (0, 0, 1), (0, 1, 0),
+             (1, 1, 0), (1, 1, 1), (1, 0, 2), (1, 2, 0), (0, 0, 2),
+             (0, 1, 1), (1, 0, 3), (0, 0, 3), (1, 1, 2), (1, 0, 4)]
+        """
+        if self.size() == 0:
+            return []
+        good_cells = self.good_cells()
+        assert good_cells
+
+        cell = good_cells[sorted(good_cells)[0]]
+        good_seq = type(self)(self.parent(), self.remove_cell(*cell)).good_cell_sequence()
+        good_seq.append(cell)
+        return good_seq
+
+    def mullineux_conjugate(self):
+        r"""
+        Return the partition that is the Mullineux conjugate of ``self``.
+
+        It follows from results in [Kle1996]_ [Bru1998]_ that if `\nu` is the
+        Mullineux conjugate of the Kleshchev partition tuple `\mu` then the
+        simple module `D^\nu =(D^\mu)^{\text{sgn}}` is obtained from `D^\mu`
+        by twisting by the `\text{sgn}`-automorphism with is the Hecke algebra
+        analogue of tensoring with the one dimensional sign representation.
+
+        EXAMPLES::
+
+            sage: KP = KleshchevPartitions(3, [0,1])
+            sage: mc = KP([[4, 2], [5, 3, 1]]).mullineux_conjugate(); mc
+            ([2, 2, 1, 1], [3, 2, 2, 1, 1])
+            sage: mc.parent()
+            Kleshchev partitions with e=3 and multicharge=(0,2)
+        """
+        P = self.parent()
+        if self.size() == 0:
+            size = None
+            if isinstance(P, KleshchevPartitions_size):
+                size = P._size
+            KP = KleshchevPartitions(P._e, [-c for c in P._multicharge],
+                                     size=size, convention=P._convention)
+            return KP.element_class(KP, [[]]*P._level)
+
+        good_cells = self.good_cells()
+        assert good_cells
+
+        k,r,c = sorted(good_cells.values())[0]
+        # This is technically wrong when the parent has a fixed size because
+        #   the resulting Kleshchev partition after removing a cell has abs
+        #   smaller size. However, this is useful to avoid constructing
+        #   transient parents.
+        mu = P.element_class(P, self.remove_cell(k,r,c)).mullineux_conjugate()
+        # add back on a cogood cell of residue -residue(k,r,c)
+        KP = mu.parent()
+        return KP.element_class(KP, mu.add_cell(*mu.cogood_cells( r-c-self.parent()._multicharge[k])))
+
+    def is_regular(self):
+        r"""
+        Return ``True`` if ``self`` is a `e`-regular partition tuple.
+
+        A partition tuple is `e`-regular if we can get to the
+        empty partition tuple by successively removing a sequence
+        of good cells in the down direction.
+
+        EXAMPLES::
+
+            sage: KP = KleshchevPartitions(2, [0,2], convention="right restricted")
+            sage: KP([[3,2,1], [2,1,1]]).is_regular()
+            False
+            sage: KP = KleshchevPartitions(4, [0,2], convention="right restricted")
+            sage: KP([[3,2,1], [2,1,1]]).is_regular()
+            True
+            sage: KP([[], []]).is_regular()
+            True
+        """
+        if self.size() == 0:
+            return True
+        KP = self.parent()
+        return _is_regular(self.to_list(), KP._multicharge, KP._convention)
+
+    def is_restricted(self):
+        r"""
+        Return ``True`` if ``self`` is an `e`-restricted partition tuple.
+
+        A partition tuple is `e`-restricted if we can get to the
+        empty partition tuple by successively removing a sequence
+        of good cells in the up direction.
+
+        EXAMPLES::
+
+            sage: KP = KleshchevPartitions(2, [0,2], convention="left regular")
+            sage: KP([[3,2,1], [3,1]]).is_restricted()
+            False
+            sage: KP = KleshchevPartitions(3, [0,2], convention="left regular")
+            sage: KP([[3,2,1], [3,1]]).is_restricted()
+            True
+            sage: KP([[], []]).is_restricted()
+            True
+        """
+        if self.size() == 0:
+            return True
+        KP = self.parent()
+        return _is_restricted(self.to_list(), KP._multicharge, KP._convention)
+
+
+class KleshchevCrystalMixin:
+    """
+    Mixin class for the crystal structure of a Kleshchev partition.
+    """
+
+    def epsilon(self, i):
+        r"""
+        Return the Kashiwara crystal operator `\varepsilon_i` applied to ``self``.
+
+        INPUT:
+
+        - ``i`` -- an element of the index set
+
+        EXAMPLES::
+
+            sage: C = crystals.KleshchevPartitions(3, [0,2], convention="left regular")
+            sage: x = C([[5,4,1],[3,2,1,1]])
+            sage: [x.epsilon(i) for i in C.index_set()]
+            [0, 3, 0]
+        """
+        return len(self.normal_cells(i))
+
+    def phi(self, i):
+        r"""
+        Return the Kashiwara crystal operator `\varphi_i` applied to ``self``.
+
+        INPUT:
+
+        - ``i`` -- an element of the index set
+
+        EXAMPLES::
+
+            sage: C = crystals.KleshchevPartitions(3, [0,2], convention="left regular")
+            sage: x = C([[5,4,1],[3,2,1,1]])
+            sage: [x.phi(i) for i in C.index_set()]
+            [3, 2, 0]
+        """
+        return len(self.conormal_cells(i))
+
+    def Epsilon(self):
+        r"""
+        Return `\varepsilon` of ``self``.
+
+        EXAMPLES::
+
+            sage: C = crystals.KleshchevPartitions(3, [0,2], convention="left regular")
+            sage: x = C([[5,4,1],[3,2,1,1]])
+            sage: x.Epsilon()
+            3*Lambda[1]
+        """
+        P = self.parent()
+        WLR = P.weight_lattice_realization()
+        La = WLR.fundamental_weights()
+        n = self.normal_cells()
+        return WLR.sum(len(n[i])*La[i] for i in P.index_set() if i in n)
+
+    def Phi(self):
+        r"""
+        Return `\phi` of ``self``.
+
+        EXAMPLES::
+
+            sage: C = crystals.KleshchevPartitions(3, [0,2], convention="left regular")
+            sage: x = C([[5,4,1],[3,2,1,1]])
+            sage: x.Phi()
+            3*Lambda[0] + 2*Lambda[1]
+        """
+        P = self.parent()
+        WLR = P.weight_lattice_realization()
+        La = WLR.fundamental_weights()
+        c = self.conormal_cells()
+        return WLR.sum(len(c[i])*La[i] for i in P.index_set() if i in c)
+
+    def weight(self):
+        r"""
+        Return the weight of ``self``.
+
+        EXAMPLES::
+
+            sage: # needs sage.graphs
+            sage: C = crystals.KleshchevPartitions(3, [0,2], convention="left regular")
+            sage: x = C([[5,4,1], [3,2,1,1]])
+            sage: x.weight()
+            3*Lambda[0] - Lambda[1] - 5*delta
+            sage: x.Phi() - x.Epsilon()
+            3*Lambda[0] - Lambda[1]
+
+            sage: # needs sage.graphs
+            sage: C = crystals.KleshchevPartitions(3, [0,2], convention="right regular")
+            sage: y = C([[5,1,1], [4,2,2,1,1]])
+            sage: y.weight()
+            6*Lambda[0] - 4*Lambda[1] - 4*delta
+            sage: y.Phi() - y.Epsilon()
+            6*Lambda[0] - 4*Lambda[1]
+
+            sage: # needs sage.graphs
+            sage: C = crystals.KleshchevPartitions(3, [0,2], convention="left regular")
+            sage: y = C([[5,1,1], [4,2,2,1,1]])
+            sage: y.weight()
+            6*Lambda[0] - 4*Lambda[1] - 4*delta
+            sage: y.Phi() - y.Epsilon()
+            6*Lambda[0] - 4*Lambda[1]
+        """
+        WLR = self.parent().weight_lattice_realization()
+        alpha = WLR.simple_roots()
+        La = WLR.fundamental_weights()
+        r = self.parent()._multicharge
+        wt = WLR.sum(La[ZZ(x)] for x in r)
+        return wt - WLR.sum(alpha[self.content(*c, multicharge=r)]
+                            for c in self.cells())
+
+
+class KleshchevPartitionCrystal(KleshchevPartition, KleshchevCrystalMixin):
+    """
+    Kleshchev partition with the crystal structure.
+    """
+
+    def e(self, i):
+        r"""
+        Return the action of `e_i` on ``self``.
+
+        INPUT:
+
+        - ``i`` -- an element of the index set
+
+        EXAMPLES::
+
+            sage: C = crystals.KleshchevPartitions(3, convention="left regular")
+            sage: x = C([5,4,1])
+            sage: x.e(0)
+            sage: x.e(1)
+            [5, 4]
+        """
+        P = self.parent()
+        cell = self.good_cells(i)
+        if cell is None:
+            return None
+        r, _ = cell
+        mu = list(self)
+        mu[r] -= 1
+        return type(self)(P, mu)
+
+    def f(self, i):
+        r"""
+        Return the action of `f_i` on ``self``.
+
+        INPUT:
+
+        - ``i`` -- an element of the index set
+
+        EXAMPLES::
+
+            sage: C = crystals.KleshchevPartitions(3, convention="left regular")
+            sage: x = C([5,4,1])
+            sage: x.f(0)
+            [5, 5, 1]
+            sage: x.f(1)
+            sage: x.f(2)
+            [5, 4, 2]
+        """
+        P = self.parent()
+        cell = self.cogood_cells(i)
+        if cell is None:
+            return None
+        r,c = cell
+        mu = list(self)
+        if c == 0:
+            mu.append(1)
+        else:
+            mu[r] += 1
+        return type(self)(P, mu)
+
+
+class KleshchevPartitionTupleCrystal(KleshchevPartitionTuple, KleshchevCrystalMixin):
+    """
+    Kleshchev partition tuple with the crystal structure.
+    """
+
+    def e(self, i):
+        r"""
+        Return the action of `e_i` on ``self``.
+
+        INPUT:
+
+        - ``i`` -- an element of the index set
+
+        EXAMPLES::
+
+            sage: C = crystals.KleshchevPartitions(3, [0,2], convention="left regular")
+            sage: x = C([[5,4,1],[3,2,1,1]])
+            sage: x.e(0)
+            sage: x.e(1)
+            ([5, 4, 1], [2, 2, 1, 1])
+        """
+        P = self.parent()
+        cell = self.good_cells(i)
+        if cell is None:
+            return None
+        k, r, _ = cell
+        mu = self.to_list()
+        mu[k][r] -= 1
+        return type(self)(P, mu)
+
+    def f(self, i):
+        r"""
+        Return the action of `f_i` on ``self``.
+
+        INPUT:
+
+        - ``i`` -- an element of the index set
+
+        EXAMPLES::
+
+            sage: C = crystals.KleshchevPartitions(3, [0,2], convention="left regular")
+            sage: x = C([[5,4,1],[3,2,1,1]])
+            sage: x.f(0)
+            ([5, 5, 1], [3, 2, 1, 1])
+            sage: x.f(1)
+            ([5, 4, 1], [3, 2, 2, 1])
+            sage: x.f(2)
+        """
+        P = self.parent()
+        cell = self.cogood_cells(i)
+        if cell is None:
+            return None
+        k,r,c = cell
+        mu = self.to_list()
+        if c == 0:
+            mu[k].append(1)
+        else:
+            mu[k][r] += 1
+        return type(self)(P, mu)
+
+#--------------------------------------------------
+# Kleshchev partitions - parent classes
+#--------------------------------------------------
+
+
+class KleshchevPartitions(PartitionTuples):
+    r"""
+    Kleshchev partitions.
+
+    A partition (tuple) `\mu` is Kleshchev if it can be recursively
+    obtained by adding a sequence of good nodes to the empty
+    :class:`PartitionTuple` of the same :meth:`~PartitionTuple.level`
+    and multicharge.
+
+    There are four different conventions that are used in the literature for
+    Kleshchev partitions, depending on whether we read partitions from top
+    to bottom (regular) or bottom to top (restricted) and whether we read
+    partition tuples from left to right or right to left. All of these
+    conventions are supported::
+
+        sage: KleshchevPartitions(2, [0,0], size=2, convention='left regular')[:]
+        [([1], [1]), ([2], [])]
+        sage: KleshchevPartitions(2, [0,0], size=2, convention='left restricted')[:]
+        [([1], [1]), ([], [1, 1])]
+        sage: KleshchevPartitions(2, [0,0], size=2, convention='right regular')[:]
+        [([1], [1]), ([], [2])]
+        sage: KleshchevPartitions(2, [0,0], size=2, convention='right restricted')[:]
+        [([1], [1]), ([1, 1], [])]
+
+    By default, the ``left restricted`` convention is used. As a shorthand,
+    ``LG``, ``LS``, ``RG`` and ``RS``, respectively, can be used to specify
+    the ``convention``. With the ``left`` convention the partition tuples
+    should be ordered with the most dominant partitions in the partition
+    tuple on the left and with the ``right`` convention the most dominant
+    partition is on the right.
+
+    The :class:`~KleshchevPartitions` class will automatically convert
+    between these four different conventions::
+
+        sage: KPlg = KleshchevPartitions(2, [0,0], size=2, convention='left regular')
+        sage: KPls = KleshchevPartitions(2, [0,0], size=2, convention='left restricted')
+        sage: [KPlg(mu) for mu in KPls]
+        [([1], [1]), ([2], [])]
+
+    EXAMPLES::
+
+        sage: sorted(KleshchevPartitions(5,[3,2,1],1, convention='RS'))
+        [([], [], [1]), ([], [1], []), ([1], [], [])]
+        sage: sorted(KleshchevPartitions(5, [3,2,1], 1, convention='LS'))
+        [([], [], [1]), ([], [1], []), ([1], [], [])]
+        sage: sorted(KleshchevPartitions(5, [3,2,1], 3))
+        [([], [], [1, 1, 1]),
+         ([], [], [2, 1]),
+         ([], [], [3]),
+         ([], [1], [1, 1]),
+         ([], [1], [2]),
+         ([], [1, 1], [1]),
+         ([], [2], [1]),
+         ([], [3], []),
+         ([1], [], [1, 1]),
+         ([1], [], [2]),
+         ([1], [1], [1]),
+         ([1], [2], []),
+         ([1, 1], [1], []),
+         ([2], [], [1]),
+         ([2], [1], []),
+         ([3], [], [])]
+        sage: sorted(KleshchevPartitions(5, [3,2,1], 3, convention="left regular"))
+        [([], [], [1, 1, 1]),
+         ([], [1], [1, 1]),
+         ([], [1], [2]),
+         ([], [1, 1], [1]),
+         ([], [1, 1, 1], []),
+         ([1], [], [1, 1]),
+         ([1], [1], [1]),
+         ([1], [1, 1], []),
+         ([1], [2], []),
+         ([1, 1], [], [1]),
+         ([1, 1], [1], []),
+         ([1, 1, 1], [], []),
+         ([2], [], [1]),
+         ([2], [1], []),
+         ([2, 1], [], []),
+         ([3], [], [])]
+
+    REFERENCES:
+
+    - [AM2000]_
+    - [Ariki2001]_
+    - [BK2009]_
+    - [Kle2009]_
+    """
+    @staticmethod
+    def __classcall_private__(cls, e, multicharge=(0,), size=None,
+                              convention="left restricted"):
+        r"""
+        This is a factory class which returns the appropriate parent based on
+        the values of `level` and `size`.
+
+        EXAMPLES::
+
+            sage: sorted(KleshchevPartitions(5, [3,2,1], 1, convention='RS'))
+            [([], [], [1]), ([], [1], []), ([1], [], [])]
+            sage: sorted(KleshchevPartitions(5, [3,2,1], 1, convention='LS'))
+            [([], [], [1]), ([], [1], []), ([1], [], [])]
+        """
+        if size is None and multicharge in ZZ:
+            size = ZZ(multicharge)
+            multicharge = (0,)
+
+        I = IntegerModRing(e)
+        multicharge = tuple([I(x) for x in multicharge])
+
+        convention = convention.upper()
+        if 'S' in convention:
+            convention = convention[0] + 'S'
+        elif 'G' in convention:
+            convention = convention[0] + 'G'
+        if convention not in ['RG','LG', 'RS', 'LS']:
+            raise ValueError('invalid convention')
+
+        if size is None:
+            return KleshchevPartitions_all(e, multicharge, convention)
+
+        return KleshchevPartitions_size(e, multicharge, size, convention)
+
+    def multicharge(self):
+        """
+        Return the multicharge of ``self``.
+
+        EXAMPLES::
+
+            sage: KP = KleshchevPartitions(6, [2])
+            sage: KP.multicharge()
+            (2,)
+            sage: KP = KleshchevPartitions(5, [3,0,1], 1, convention='LS')
+            sage: KP.multicharge()
+            (3, 0, 1)
+        """
+        return self._multicharge
+
+    def convention(self):
+        """
+        Return the convention of ``self``.
+
+        EXAMPLES::
+
+            sage: KP = KleshchevPartitions(4)
+            sage: KP.convention()
+            'restricted'
+            sage: KP = KleshchevPartitions(6, [4], 3, convention="right regular")
+            sage: KP.convention()
+            'regular'
+            sage: KP = KleshchevPartitions(5, [3,0,1], 1)
+            sage: KP.convention()
+            'left restricted'
+            sage: KP = KleshchevPartitions(5, [3,0,1], 1, convention='right regular')
+            sage: KP.convention()
+            'right regular'
+        """
+        if self._convention[1] == 'S':
+            convention = "restricted"
+        else:
+            convention = "regular"
+
+        if self._level == 1:
+            return convention
+
+        if self._convention[0] == 'R':
+            return "right " + convention
+
+        return "left " + convention
+
+    def _element_constructor_(self, mu):
+        r"""
+        Return ``mu`` as an element of :class:`~KleshchevPartitions`, or
+        or raise an error if ``mu`` is not a Kleshchev partition (tuple).
+
+        The main purpose of the element constructor code is to allow automatic
+        conversion between the four possible conventions for Kleshchev
+        partitions.
+
+        EXAMPLES::
+
+            sage: KPlg = KleshchevPartitions(2, [0,0], size=2, convention='left regular')
+            sage: KPls = KleshchevPartitions(2, [0,0], size=2, convention='left restricted')
+            sage: [KPlg(mu) for mu in KPls] # indirect doc test
+            [([1], [1]), ([2], [])]
+        """
+        if isinstance(mu, (KleshchevPartition, KleshchevPartitionTuple)):
+            KPmu = mu.parent()
+            if KPmu == self:
+                return mu
+
+            if KPmu._level != self._level or KPmu._e != self._e:
+                raise ValueError('%s is not an element of %s' % (mu, self))
+
+            if KPmu._convention[1] != self._convention[1]:
+                mu = [nu.conjugate() for nu in mu]
+                if self._level > 1 and KPmu._convention[0] == self._convention[0]:
+                    mu = mu[::-1]
+
+        return super()._element_constructor_(mu)
+
+
+class KleshchevPartitions_all(KleshchevPartitions):
+    r"""
+    Class of all Kleshchev partitions.
+
+    .. RUBRIC:: Crystal structure
+
+    We consider type `A_{e-1}^{(1)}` crystals, and let `r = (r_i |
+    r_i \in \ZZ / e \ZZ)` be a finite sequence of length `k`, which
+    is the *level*, and `\lambda = \sum_i \Lambda_{r_i}`. We will
+    model the highest weight `U_q(\mathfrak{g})`-crystal `B(\lambda)`
+    by a particular subset of partition tuples of level `k`.
+
+    Consider a partition tuple `\mu` with multicharge `r`.
+    We define `e_i(\mu)` as the partition tuple obtained after the
+    deletion of the `i`-:meth:`good cell
+    <~sage.combinat.partition_kleshchev.KleshchevPartitionTuple.good_cell>`
+    to `\mu` and `0` if there is no `i`-good cell. We define `f_i(\mu)` as
+    the partition tuple obtained by the addition of the `i`-:meth:`cogood cell
+    <~sage.combinat.partition_kleshchev.KleshchevPartitionTuple.cogood_cell>`
+    to `\mu` and `0` if there is no `i`-good cell.
+
+    The crystal `B(\lambda)` is the crystal generated by the empty
+    partition tuple. We can compute the weight of an element `\mu` by taking
+    `\lambda - \sum_{i=0}^n c_i \alpha_i` where `c_i` is the number of cells
+    of `n`-residue `i` in `\mu`. Partition tuples in the crystal are known
+    as *Kleshchev partitions*.
+
+    .. NOTE::
+
+        We can describe normal (not restricted) Kleshchev partition tuples
+        in `B(\lambda)` as partition tuples `\mu` such that
+        `\mu^{(t)}_{r_t - r_{t+1} + x} < \mu^{(t+1)}_x`
+        for all `x \geq 1` and `1 \leq t \leq k - 1`.
+
+    INPUT:
+
+    - ``e`` -- for type `A_{e-1}^{(1)}` or `0`
+    - ``multicharge`` -- the multicharge sequence `r`
+    - ``convention`` -- (default: ``'LS'``) the reading convention
+
+    EXAMPLES:
+
+    We first do an example of a level 1 crystal::
+
+        sage: C = crystals.KleshchevPartitions(3, [0], convention="left restricted")
+        sage: C
+        Kleshchev partitions with e=3
+        sage: mg = C.highest_weight_vector()
+        sage: mg
+        []
+        sage: mg.f(0)
+        [1]
+        sage: mg.f(1)
+        sage: mg.f(2)
+        sage: mg.f_string([0,2,1,0])
+        [1, 1, 1, 1]
+        sage: mg.f_string([0,1,2,0])
+        [2, 2]
+        sage: GC = C.subcrystal(max_depth=5).digraph()                                  # needs sage.graphs
+        sage: B = crystals.LSPaths(['A',2,1], [1,0,0])                                  # needs sage.graphs
+        sage: GB = B.subcrystal(max_depth=5).digraph()                                  # needs sage.graphs
+        sage: GC.is_isomorphic(GB, edge_labels=True)                                    # needs sage.graphs
+        True
+
+    Now a higher level crystal::
+
+        sage: C = crystals.KleshchevPartitions(3, [0,2], convention="right restricted")
+        sage: mg = C.highest_weight_vector()
+        sage: mg
+        ([], [])
+        sage: mg.f(0)
+        ([1], [])
+        sage: mg.f(2)
+        ([], [1])
+        sage: mg.f_string([0,1,2,0])
+        ([2, 2], [])
+        sage: mg.f_string([0,2,1,0])
+        ([1, 1, 1, 1], [])
+        sage: mg.f_string([2,0,1,0])
+        ([2], [2])
+        sage: GC = C.subcrystal(max_depth=5).digraph()                                  # needs sage.graphs
+        sage: B = crystals.LSPaths(['A',2,1], [1,0,1])                                  # needs sage.graphs
+        sage: GB = B.subcrystal(max_depth=5).digraph()                                  # needs sage.graphs
+        sage: GC.is_isomorphic(GB, edge_labels=True)                                    # needs sage.graphs
+        True
+
+    The ordering of the residues gives a different representation of the
+    higher level crystals (but it is still isomorphic)::
+
+        sage: C2 = crystals.KleshchevPartitions(3, [2,0], convention="right restricted")
+        sage: mg2 = C2.highest_weight_vector()
+        sage: mg2.f_string([0,1,2,0])
+        ([2], [2])
+        sage: mg2.f_string([0,2,1,0])
+        ([1, 1, 1], [1])
+        sage: mg2.f_string([2,0,1,0])
+        ([2, 1], [1])
+        sage: GC2 = C2.subcrystal(max_depth=5).digraph()                                # needs sage.graphs
+        sage: GC.is_isomorphic(GC2, edge_labels=True)                                   # needs sage.graphs
+        True
+
+    TESTS:
+
+    We check that all conventions give isomorphic crystals::
+
+        sage: CLS = crystals.KleshchevPartitions(3, [2,0], convention="left restricted")
+        sage: CRS = crystals.KleshchevPartitions(3, [2,0], convention="right restricted")
+        sage: CLG = crystals.KleshchevPartitions(3, [2,0], convention="left regular")
+        sage: CRG = crystals.KleshchevPartitions(3, [2,0], convention="right regular")
+        sage: C = [CLS, CRS, CLG, CRG]
+        sage: G = [B.subcrystal(max_depth=6).digraph() for B in C]                      # needs sage.graphs
+        sage: G[0].is_isomorphic(G[1], edge_labels=True)                                # needs sage.graphs
+        True
+        sage: G[0].is_isomorphic(G[2], edge_labels=True)                                # needs sage.graphs
+        True
+        sage: G[0].is_isomorphic(G[3], edge_labels=True)                                # needs sage.graphs
+        True
+
+    REFERENCES:
+
+    - [Ariki1996]_
+    - [Ariki2001]_
+    - [Tingley2007]_
+    - [TingleyLN]_
+    - [Vazirani2002]_
+    """
+
+    def __init__(self, e, multicharge, convention):
+        r"""
+        Initialize ``self``.
+
+        EXAMPLES::
+
+            sage: K = KleshchevPartitions(4, [2])
+            sage: TestSuite(K).run()  # long time
+            sage: K = KleshchevPartitions(4, [0,2,1])
+            sage: TestSuite(K).run()  # long time
+
+            sage: K = KleshchevPartitions(0, [2])
+            sage: TestSuite(K).run()
+            sage: K = KleshchevPartitions(0, [0,2,1])
+            sage: TestSuite(K).run()  # long time
+        """
+        if e not in NN or e == 1:
+            raise ValueError('e must belong to {0,2,3,4,5,6,...}')
+        if e > 0:
+            from sage.combinat.root_system.cartan_type import CartanType
+            from sage.categories.highest_weight_crystals import HighestWeightCrystals
+            from sage.categories.regular_crystals import RegularCrystals
+            self._cartan_type = CartanType(['A', e-1, 1])
+            cat = (HighestWeightCrystals(), RegularCrystals().Infinite())
+        else:
+            cat = InfiniteEnumeratedSets()
+
+        self._level = len(multicharge)
+        if self._level == 1:
+            self.Element = KleshchevPartitionCrystal
+            self._element_constructor_ = getattr_from_other_class(self, Partitions, '_element_constructor_')
+        else:
+            self.Element = KleshchevPartitionTupleCrystal
+
+        super().__init__(category=cat)
+        self._e = e   # for printing
+        self._index_set = IntegerModRing(e)
+        self._multicharge = multicharge
+        self._convention = convention
+        if e > 0:
+            if self._level == 1:
+                self.module_generators = (self.element_class(self, []),)
+            else:
+                self.module_generators = (self.element_class(self, [[]]*self._level),)
+
+    def _repr_(self):
+        """
+        EXAMPLES::
+
+            sage: KleshchevPartitions(4, [2])
+            Kleshchev partitions with e=4
+            sage: KleshchevPartitions(3,[0,0,0])
+            Kleshchev partitions with e=3 and multicharge=(0,0,0)
+            sage: KleshchevPartitions(3,[0,0,1])
+            Kleshchev partitions with e=3 and multicharge=(0,0,1)
+        """
+        if self._level == 1:
+            return 'Kleshchev partitions with e=%s' % (self._e)
+
+        return 'Kleshchev partitions with e=%s and multicharge=(%s)' % (
+                        self._e,','.join('%s' % m for m in self._multicharge))
+
+    def __contains__(self, mu):
+        """
+        Containment test for Kleshchev partitions.
+
+        EXAMPLES::
+
+            sage: PartitionTuple([[3,2],[2]]) in KleshchevPartitions(2, [0,0], 7)
+            False
+            sage: PartitionTuple([[],[2,1],[3,2]]) in KleshchevPartitions(5, [0,0,1], 7)
+            False
+            sage: PartitionTuple([[],[2,1],[3,2]]) in KleshchevPartitions(5, [0,1,1], 7)
+            False
+            sage: PartitionTuple([[],[2,1],[3,2]]) in KleshchevPartitions(5, [0,1,1], 8)
+            True
+            sage: all(mu in PartitionTuples(3,8) for mu in KleshchevPartitions(2, [0,0,0], 8))
+            True
+        """
+        if isinstance(mu, (KleshchevPartition, KleshchevPartitionTuple)):
+            if mu.level() != self._level:
+                return False
+            mu = self.element_class(self, list(mu))
+            if self._convention[1] == 'G':
+                return mu.is_regular()
+
+            return mu.is_restricted()
+
+        try:
+            mu = self.element_class(self, mu)
+        except ValueError:
+            return False
+        return mu in self
+
+    def __iter__(self):
+        r"""
+        Iterate over ``self``.
+
+        EXAMPLES::
+
+            sage: it = iter(KleshchevPartitions(2))
+            sage: [next(it) for _ in range(10)]
+            [[], [1], [1, 1], [2, 1], [1, 1, 1], [2, 1, 1],
+             [1, 1, 1, 1], [2, 2, 1], [2, 1, 1, 1], [1, 1, 1, 1, 1]]
+            sage: it = iter(KleshchevPartitions(2, convention='LG'))
+            sage: [next(it) for _ in range(10)]
+            [[], [1], [2], [3], [2, 1], [4], [3, 1], [5], [4, 1], [3, 2]]
+
+            sage: it = iter(KleshchevPartitions(2, [0,1], convention='LS'))
+            sage: [next(it) for _ in range(10)]
+            [([], []),
+             ([1], []),
+             ([], [1]),
+             ([1], [1]),
+             ([], [1, 1]),
+             ([1, 1], [1]),
+             ([1], [1, 1]),
+             ([], [2, 1]),
+             ([], [1, 1, 1]),
+             ([2, 1], [1])]
+            sage: it = iter(KleshchevPartitions(2, [0,1], convention='RS'))
+            sage: [next(it) for _ in range(10)]
+            [([], []),
+             ([1], []),
+             ([], [1]),
+             ([1, 1], []),
+             ([1], [1]),
+             ([2, 1], []),
+             ([1, 1, 1], []),
+             ([1, 1], [1]),
+             ([1], [1, 1]),
+             ([2, 1, 1], [])]
+            sage: it = iter(KleshchevPartitions(2, [0,1], convention='LG'))
+            sage: [next(it) for _ in range(10)]
+            [([], []),
+             ([1], []),
+             ([], [1]),
+             ([2], []),
+             ([1], [1]),
+             ([3], []),
+             ([2, 1], []),
+             ([2], [1]),
+             ([1], [2]),
+             ([4], [])]
+            sage: it = iter(KleshchevPartitions(2, [0,1], convention='RG'))
+            sage: [next(it) for _ in range(10)]
+            [([], []),
+             ([1], []),
+             ([], [1]),
+             ([1], [1]),
+             ([], [2]),
+             ([2], [1]),
+             ([1], [2]),
+             ([], [3]),
+             ([], [2, 1]),
+             ([2, 1], [1])]
+
+            sage: it = iter(KleshchevPartitions(3, [0,1,2]))
+            sage: [next(it) for _ in range(10)]
+            [([], [], []), ([1], [], []), ([], [1], []), ([], [], [1]),
+             ([1], [1], []), ([1], [], [1]), ([], [1, 1], []),
+             ([], [1], [1]), ([], [], [2]), ([], [], [1, 1])]
+        """
+        # This is a modified form of what appears in the fixed size code
+        if self._level == 1:
+            if self._e == 0:
+                P = Partitions()
+            elif self._convention[1] == 'G':
+                P = Partitions(regular=self._e)
+            else:
+                P = Partitions(restricted=self._e)
+
+            for mu in P:
+                yield self.element_class(self, list(mu))
+        else:
+            next_level = [self.element_class(self, [[]]*len(self._multicharge))]
+            while True:
+                cur = next_level
+                next_level = []
+                for mu in cur:
+                    yield mu
+                    mu_list = mu.to_list()
+                    for cell in sorted(mu.cogood_cells().values()):
+                        data = [list(p) for p in mu_list]
+                        k, r, c = cell
+                        if c == 0:
+                            data[k].append(1)
+                        else:
+                            data[k][r] += 1
+                        nu = self.element_class(self, data)
+                        good_cells = nu.good_cells().values()
+                        if self._convention[1] == "S":
+                            if all(cell >= c for c in good_cells):
+                                next_level.append(nu)
+                        else:
+                            if all(cell <= c for c in good_cells):
+                                next_level.append(nu)
+
+    def _an_element_(self):
+        """
+        Return a generic element.
+
+        EXAMPLES::
+
+            sage: KleshchevPartitions(3, [0,0,0,0], size=4).an_element()
+            ([1], [1], [1], [1])
+        """
+        return self[12]
+
+
+class KleshchevPartitions_size(KleshchevPartitions):
+    """
+    Kleshchev partitions of a fixed size.
+    """
+
+    def __init__(self, e, multicharge=(0,), size=0, convention='RS'):
+        r"""
+        Initialize ``self``.
+
+        EXAMPLES::
+
+            sage: K = KleshchevPartitions(4, 2)
+            sage: TestSuite(K).run()
+            sage: K = KleshchevPartitions(4, 4, convention='left regular')
+            sage: TestSuite(K).run()
+            sage: K = KleshchevPartitions(4, 4, convention='left restricted')
+            sage: TestSuite(K).run()
+            sage: K = KleshchevPartitions(4, [0,2,1], 4, convention='left regular')
+            sage: TestSuite(K).run()
+            sage: K = KleshchevPartitions(0, 2, convention='right restricted')
+            sage: TestSuite(K).run()
+            sage: K = KleshchevPartitions(0, [0,2,1], 4, convention='left restricted')
+            sage: TestSuite(K).run()
+            sage: K = KleshchevPartitions(0, [0,2,1], 4, convention='left regular')
+            sage: TestSuite(K).run()
+
+        We verify that we obtain the same size for all conventions
+        and that the result is equal to the number of elements in
+        the crystal at the corresponding depth::
+
+            sage: # needs sage.graphs
+            sage: B = crystals.LSPaths(['A',2,1], [1,0,1])
+            sage: nd4 = (B.subcrystal(max_depth=4).cardinality()
+            ....:        - B.subcrystal(max_depth=3).cardinality())
+            sage: K = KleshchevPartitions(3, [0,2], 4, convention='RS')
+            sage: K.cardinality() == nd4
+            True
+            sage: K = KleshchevPartitions(3, [0,2], 4, convention='RG')
+            sage: K.cardinality() == nd4
+            True
+            sage: K = KleshchevPartitions(3, [0,2], 4, convention='LS')
+            sage: K.cardinality() == nd4
+            True
+            sage: K = KleshchevPartitions(3, [0,2], 4, convention='LG')
+            sage: K.cardinality() == nd4
+            True
+        """
+        self._level = len(multicharge)
+        if self._level == 1:
+            self.Element = KleshchevPartition
+            self._element_constructor_ = getattr_from_other_class(self, Partitions, '_element_constructor_')
+        else:
+            self.Element = KleshchevPartitionTuple
+        super().__init__(category=FiniteEnumeratedSets())
+        self._size = size
+        # As lists do not take negative indices the case e=0 needs to be handled
+        # differently. Rather than doing this we set e equal to a "really big"
+        # number. Mathematically, this is equivalent and it means that we don't
+        # have an exception to cater for.
+        self._e = e
+        self._I = IntegerModRing(e)
+        self._multicharge = tuple(self._I(m) for m in multicharge)
+        self._convention = convention
+
+    def _repr_(self):
+        """
+        EXAMPLES::
+
+            sage: KleshchevPartitions(4, [0,0], 3)
+            Kleshchev partitions with e=4 and multicharge=(0,0) and size 3
+        """
+        if self._level == 1:
+            return 'Kleshchev partitions with e=%s and size %s' % (self._e, self._size)
+
+        return 'Kleshchev partitions with e=%s and multicharge=(%s) and size %s' % (
+            self._e,','.join('%s' % m for m in self._multicharge), self._size
+        )
+
+    def __contains__(self, mu):
+        """
+        Check if ``mu`` is in ``self``.
+
+        TESTS::
+
+            sage: PartitionTuple([[3,2],[2]]) in KleshchevPartitions(2,[0,0],7)
+            False
+            sage: PartitionTuple([[3,2],[],[],[],[2]]) in KleshchevPartitions(5,[0,0,0,0,0],7)
+            False
+            sage: PartitionTuple([[2,1],[],[1,1],[],[2]]) in KleshchevPartitions(5,[0,0,0,0,0],7, convention='RG')
+            False
+            sage: PartitionTuple([[2,1],[],[1,1],[],[3]]) in KleshchevPartitions(2,[0,0,0,0,0],9, convention='RS')
+            False
+            sage: all(mu in PartitionTuples(3,8) for mu in KleshchevPartitions(0,[0,0,0],8))
+            True
+        """
+        if isinstance(mu, (KleshchevPartition, KleshchevPartitionTuple)):
+            if not (mu.level() == self._level and mu.size() == self._size):
+                return False
+            mu = self.element_class(self, list(mu))
+            if self._convention[1] == 'G':
+                return mu.is_regular()
+
+            return mu.is_restricted()
+
+        try:
+            mu = self.element_class(self, mu)
+        except ValueError:
+            return False
+        return mu in self
+
+    def __iter__level_one(self):
+        r"""
+        Iterate over all Kleshchev partitions of level one and a fixed size.
+
+        EXAMPLES::
+
+            sage: KleshchevPartitions(2,0)[:]  # indirect doctest
+            [[]]
+            sage: KleshchevPartitions(2,1)[:]  # indirect doctest
+            [[1]]
+            sage: KleshchevPartitions(2,2)[:]  # indirect doctest
+            [[1, 1]]
+            sage: KleshchevPartitions(3,2)[:]  # indirect doctest
+            [[2], [1, 1]]
+        """
+        if self._size == 0:
+            yield self.element_class(self, [])
+        else:
+            if self._e == 0:
+                P = Partitions(self._size)
+            elif self._convention[1] == 'G':
+                P = Partitions(self._size, regular=self._e)
+            else:
+                P = Partitions(self._size, restricted=self._e)
+
+            for mu in P:
+                yield self.element_class(self, list(mu))
+
+    def __iter__higher_levels(self):
+        r"""
+        Iterate over all KleshchevPartitions of a fixed level greater than 1
+        and a fixed size.
+
+        EXAMPLES::
+
+            sage: KleshchevPartitions(2,[0,0],1)[:]  # indirect doctest
+            [([], [1])]
+            sage: KleshchevPartitions(2,[0,0],2)[:]  # indirect doctest
+            [([1], [1]), ([], [1, 1])]
+            sage: KleshchevPartitions(3,[0,0],2)[:]  # indirect doctest
+            [([1], [1]), ([], [2]), ([], [1, 1])]
+        """
+        if self._size == 0:
+            yield self.element_class(self, [[]]*len(self._multicharge))
+            return
+
+        # For higher levels we have to recursively construct the restricted partitions
+        # by adding on co-good nodes to smaller restricted partition. To avoid over
+        # counting we return a new restricted partition only if we added on its lowest
+        # good node.
+        for mu in KleshchevPartitions_size(self._e, self._multicharge,
+                                           size=self._size-1,
+                                           convention=self._convention):
+            mu_list = mu.to_list()
+            for cell in mu.cogood_cells().values():
+                data = [list(p) for p in mu_list]
+                k,r,c = cell
+                if c == 0:
+                    data[k].append(1)
+                else:
+                    data[k][r] += 1
+                nu = self.element_class(self, data)
+                good_cells = nu.good_cells().values()
+                if self._convention[1] == "S":
+                    if all(cell >= c for c in good_cells):
+                        yield nu
+                else:
+                    if all(cell <= c for c in good_cells):
+                        yield nu
+
+    @lazy_attribute
+    def __iter__(self):
+        """
+        Wrapper to return the correct iterator which is different for
+        :class:`Partitions` (level 1) and for :class:PartitionTuples`
+        (higher levels).
+
+        EXAMPLES::
+
+            sage: KleshchevPartitions(3, 3, convention='RS')[:]
+            [[2, 1], [1, 1, 1]]
+            sage: KleshchevPartitions(3, 3, convention='RG')[:]
+            [[3], [2, 1]]
+            sage: KleshchevPartitions(3, [0], 3)[:]
+            [[2, 1], [1, 1, 1]]
+            sage: KleshchevPartitions(3, [0,0], 3)[:]
+            [([1], [2]), ([1], [1, 1]), ([], [2, 1]), ([], [1, 1, 1])]
+            sage: KleshchevPartitions(2, [0,1], size=0)[:]
+            [([], [])]
+            sage: KleshchevPartitions(2, [0,1], size=1)[:]
+            [([1], []), ([], [1])]
+            sage: KleshchevPartitions(2, [0,1], size=2)[:]
+            [([1], [1]), ([], [1, 1])]
+            sage: KleshchevPartitions(3, [0,1,2], size=2)[:]
+            [([1], [1], []), ([1], [], [1]), ([], [1, 1], []),
+             ([], [1], [1]), ([], [], [2]), ([], [], [1, 1])]
+        """
+        if self.level() == 1:
+            return self.__iter__level_one
+
+        return self.__iter__higher_levels
+
+    def _an_element_(self):
+        """
+        Return a generic element.
+
+        EXAMPLES::
+
+            sage: KleshchevPartitions(4, [0,0,0,0], 4).an_element()
+            ([1], [1], [1], [1])
+            sage: KleshchevPartitions(4, [2], 4).an_element()
+            [3, 1]
+        """
+        return self[0]
+
+    Element = KleshchevPartitionTuple
+
+#--------------------------------------------------
+# helper functions
+#--------------------------------------------------
+
+
+def _a_good_cell(kpt, multicharge, convention):
+    """
+    Return a good cell from ``kpt`` considered as a Kleshchev partition
+    with ``multicharge`` under ``convention``.
+
+    EXAMPLES::
+
+        sage: from sage.combinat.partition_kleshchev import _a_good_cell
+        sage: I2 = IntegerModRing(2)
+        sage: _a_good_cell([[3,2,1], [3,1,1]], [I2(0),I2(2)], 'RS')
+        (1, 2, 0)
+        sage: _a_good_cell([[3,1,1], [3,2]], [I2(0),I2(2)], 'LG')
+        (1, 1, 1)
+        sage: I3 = IntegerModRing(3)
+        sage: _a_good_cell([[3,2,1], [3,1,1]], [I3(0),I3(2)], 'RS')
+        (0, 2, 0)
+        sage: _a_good_cell([[3,1,1], [3,2]], [I3(0),I3(2)], 'LG')
+        (1, 0, 2)
+        sage: _a_good_cell([[], []], [I3(0),I3(2)], 'RS') is None
+        True
+        sage: _a_good_cell([[1,1], []], [I3(0),I3(2)], 'LS') is None
+        True
+    """
+    # We use a dictionary for the normal nodes as the indexing set is Z when e=0
+    carry = defaultdict(int)        # a tally of #(removable cells)-#(addable cells)
+    ret = None
+
+    if convention[0] == 'L':
+        rows = [(k,r) for k,part in enumerate(kpt) for r in range(len(part)+1)]
+    else:
+        rows = [(k,r) for k,part in reversed(list(enumerate(kpt))) for r in range(len(part)+1)]
+    if convention[1] == 'S':
+        rows.reverse()
+
+    for row in rows:
+        k,r = row
+        if r == len(kpt[k]): # addable cell at bottom of a component
+            carry[multicharge[k]-r] += 1
+        else:
+            res = multicharge[k] + kpt[k][r] - r - 1
+            if r == len(kpt[k])-1 or kpt[k][r] > kpt[k][r+1]: # removable cell
+                if carry[res] == 0:
+                    ret = (k, r, kpt[k][r]-1)
+                else:
+                    carry[res] -= 1
+            if r == 0 or kpt[k][r-1] > kpt[k][r]:             # addable cell
+                carry[res+1] += 1
+
+    # finally return the result
+    return ret
+
+
+def _is_regular(kpt, multicharge, convention):
+    """
+    Return ``True`` if ``kpt`` is a ``multicharge``-regular
+    Kleshchev partition.
+
+    EXAMPLES::
+
+        sage: from sage.combinat.partition_kleshchev import _is_regular
+        sage: I2 = IntegerModRing(2)
+        sage: _is_regular([[3,1,1], [3,2]], [I2(0),I2(2)], 'LS')
+        False
+        sage: I3 = IntegerModRing(3)
+        sage: _is_regular([[3,1,1], [3,2]], [I3(0),I3(2)], 'LS')
+        True
+        sage: _is_regular([[], []], [I3(0),I3(2)], 'LS')
+        True
+    """
+    if all(part == [] for part in kpt):
+        return True
+    convention = convention[0] + 'G'
+    cell = _a_good_cell(kpt, multicharge, convention)
+    while cell is not None:
+        k, r, _ = cell
+        if kpt[k][r] == 1:
+            kpt[k].pop()
+        else:
+            kpt[k][r] -= 1
+        cell = _a_good_cell(kpt, multicharge, convention)
+    return all(part == [] for part in kpt)
+
+
+def _is_restricted(kpt, multicharge, convention):
+    """
+    Return ``True`` if ``kpt`` is an ``multicharge``-restricted
+    Kleshchev partition.
+
+    EXAMPLES::
+
+        sage: from sage.combinat.partition_kleshchev import _is_restricted
+        sage: I2 = IntegerModRing(2)
+        sage: _is_restricted([[3,2,1], [3,1,1]], [I2(0),I2(2)], 'RG')
+        False
+        sage: I3 = IntegerModRing(3)
+        sage: _is_restricted([[3,2,1], [3,1,1]], [I3(0),I3(2)], 'RG')
+        True
+        sage: _is_restricted([[], []], [I3(0),I3(2)], 'RG')
+        True
+    """
+    if all(not part for part in kpt):
+        return True
+    convention = convention[0] + 'S'
+    cell = _a_good_cell(kpt, multicharge, convention)
+    while cell is not None:
+        k, r, _ = cell
+        if kpt[k][r] == 1:
+            kpt[k].pop()
+        else:
+            kpt[k][r] -= 1
+        cell = _a_good_cell(kpt, multicharge, convention)
+    return all(not part for part in kpt)