passagemath-combinat 10.6.42__cp314-cp314-musllinux_1_2_x86_64.whl

sage/combinat/species/subset_species.py

@@ -0,0 +1,243 @@
+# sage_setup: distribution = sagemath-combinat
+"""
+Subset species
+"""
+
+# ****************************************************************************
+#       Copyright (C) 2008 Mike Hansen <mhansen@gmail.com>,
+#
+#  Distributed under the terms of the GNU General Public License (GPL)
+#
+#    This code is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+#    but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+#    MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the GNU
+#    General Public License for more details.
+#
+#  The full text of the GPL is available at:
+#
+#                  http://www.gnu.org/licenses/
+# ****************************************************************************
+
+from .species import GenericCombinatorialSpecies
+from .set_species import SetSpecies
+from .structure import GenericSpeciesStructure
+from sage.combinat.species.misc import accept_size
+from sage.structure.unique_representation import UniqueRepresentation
+from sage.arith.misc import factorial
+
+
+class SubsetSpeciesStructure(GenericSpeciesStructure):
+    def __repr__(self):
+        """
+        EXAMPLES::
+
+            sage: set_random_seed(0)
+            sage: S = species.SubsetSpecies()
+            sage: a = S.structures(["a","b","c"])[0]; a
+            {}
+        """
+        s = GenericSpeciesStructure.__repr__(self)
+        return "{"+s[1:-1]+"}"
+
+    def canonical_label(self):
+        """
+        Return the canonical label of ``self``.
+
+        EXAMPLES::
+
+            sage: P = species.SubsetSpecies()
+            sage: S = P.structures(["a", "b", "c"])
+            sage: [s.canonical_label() for s in S]
+            [{}, {'a'}, {'a'}, {'a'}, {'a', 'b'}, {'a', 'b'}, {'a', 'b'}, {'a', 'b', 'c'}]
+        """
+        rng = list(range(1, len(self._list) + 1))
+        return self.__class__(self.parent(), self._labels, rng)
+
+    def label_subset(self):
+        r"""
+        Return a subset of the labels that "appear" in this structure.
+
+        EXAMPLES::
+
+            sage: P = species.SubsetSpecies()
+            sage: S = P.structures(["a", "b", "c"])
+            sage: [s.label_subset() for s in S]
+            [[], ['a'], ['b'], ['c'], ['a', 'b'], ['a', 'c'], ['b', 'c'], ['a', 'b', 'c']]
+        """
+        return [self._relabel(i) for i in self._list]
+
+    def transport(self, perm):
+        r"""
+        Return the transport of this subset along the permutation perm.
+
+        EXAMPLES::
+
+            sage: F = species.SubsetSpecies()
+            sage: a = F.structures(["a", "b", "c"])[5]; a
+            {'a', 'c'}
+            sage: p = PermutationGroupElement((1,2))                                    # needs sage.groups
+            sage: a.transport(p)                                                        # needs sage.groups
+            {'b', 'c'}
+            sage: p = PermutationGroupElement((1,3))                                    # needs sage.groups
+            sage: a.transport(p)                                                        # needs sage.groups
+            {'a', 'c'}
+        """
+        l = sorted([perm(i) for i in self._list])
+        return SubsetSpeciesStructure(self.parent(), self._labels, l)
+
+    def automorphism_group(self):
+        r"""
+        Return the group of permutations whose action on this subset leave
+        it fixed.
+
+        EXAMPLES::
+
+            sage: F = species.SubsetSpecies()
+            sage: a = F.structures([1,2,3,4])[6]; a
+            {1, 3}
+            sage: a.automorphism_group()                                                # needs sage.groups
+            Permutation Group with generators [(2,4), (1,3)]
+
+        ::
+
+            sage: [a.transport(g) for g in a.automorphism_group()]                      # needs sage.groups
+            [{1, 3}, {1, 3}, {1, 3}, {1, 3}]
+        """
+        from sage.groups.perm_gps.permgroup_named import SymmetricGroup
+        from sage.groups.perm_gps.permgroup import PermutationGroup
+        a = SymmetricGroup(self._list)
+        b = SymmetricGroup(self.complement()._list)
+        return PermutationGroup(a.gens() + b.gens())
+
+    def complement(self):
+        r"""
+        Return the complement of ``self``.
+
+        EXAMPLES::
+
+            sage: F = species.SubsetSpecies()
+            sage: a = F.structures(["a", "b", "c"])[5]; a
+            {'a', 'c'}
+            sage: a.complement()
+            {'b'}
+        """
+        new_list = [i for i in range(1, len(self._labels)+1) if i not in self._list]
+        return SubsetSpeciesStructure(self.parent(), self._labels, new_list)
+
+
+class SubsetSpecies(GenericCombinatorialSpecies, UniqueRepresentation):
+    @staticmethod
+    @accept_size
+    def __classcall__(cls, *args, **kwds):
+        """
+        EXAMPLES::
+
+            sage: S = species.SubsetSpecies(); S
+            Subset species
+        """
+        return super().__classcall__(cls, *args, **kwds)
+
+    def __init__(self, min=None, max=None, weight=None):
+        """
+        Return the species of subsets.
+
+        EXAMPLES::
+
+            sage: S = species.SubsetSpecies()
+            sage: S.generating_series()[0:5]
+            [1, 2, 2, 4/3, 2/3]
+            sage: S.isotype_generating_series()[0:5]
+            [1, 2, 3, 4, 5]
+
+            sage: S = species.SubsetSpecies()
+            sage: c = S.generating_series()[0:3]
+            sage: S._check()
+            True
+            sage: S == loads(dumps(S))
+            True
+        """
+        GenericCombinatorialSpecies.__init__(self, min=None, max=None, weight=None)
+        self._name = "Subset species"
+
+    _default_structure_class = SubsetSpeciesStructure
+
+    def _structures(self, structure_class, labels):
+        """
+        EXAMPLES::
+
+            sage: S = species.SubsetSpecies()
+            sage: S.structures([1,2]).list()
+            [{}, {1}, {2}, {1, 2}]
+            sage: S.structures(['a','b']).list()
+            [{}, {'a'}, {'b'}, {'a', 'b'}]
+        """
+        from sage.combinat.combination import Combinations
+        for c in Combinations(range(1, len(labels)+1)):
+            yield structure_class(self, labels, c)
+
+    def _isotypes(self, structure_class, labels):
+        """
+        EXAMPLES::
+
+            sage: S = species.SubsetSpecies()
+            sage: S.isotypes([1,2]).list()
+            [{}, {1}, {1, 2}]
+            sage: S.isotypes(['a','b']).list()
+            [{}, {'a'}, {'a', 'b'}]
+        """
+        for i in range(len(labels)+1):
+            yield structure_class(self, labels, range(1, i+1))
+
+    def _gs_callable(self, base_ring, n):
+        """
+        The generating series for the species of subsets is
+        `e^{2x}`.
+
+        EXAMPLES::
+
+            sage: S = species.SubsetSpecies()
+            sage: [S.generating_series().coefficient(i) for i in range(5)]
+            [1, 2, 2, 4/3, 2/3]
+        """
+        return base_ring(2)**n / base_ring(factorial(n))
+
+    def _itgs_callable(self, base_ring, n):
+        r"""
+        The generating series for the species of subsets is
+        `e^{2x}`.
+
+        EXAMPLES::
+
+            sage: S = species.SubsetSpecies()
+            sage: S.isotype_generating_series()[0:5]
+            [1, 2, 3, 4, 5]
+        """
+        return base_ring(n + 1)
+
+    def _cis(self, series_ring, base_ring):
+        r"""
+        The cycle index series for the species of subsets satisfies.
+
+        .. MATH::
+
+             Z_{\mathfrak{p}} = Z_{\mathcal{E}} \cdot Z_{\mathcal{E}}.
+
+        EXAMPLES::
+
+            sage: S = species.SubsetSpecies()
+            sage: S.cycle_index_series()[0:5]                                           # needs sage.modules
+            [p[],
+             2*p[1],
+             2*p[1, 1] + p[2],
+             4/3*p[1, 1, 1] + 2*p[2, 1] + 2/3*p[3],
+             2/3*p[1, 1, 1, 1] + 2*p[2, 1, 1] + 1/2*p[2, 2] + 4/3*p[3, 1] + 1/2*p[4]]
+        """
+        ciset = SetSpecies().cycle_index_series(base_ring)
+        res = ciset**2
+        if self.is_weighted():
+            res *= self._weight
+        return res
+
+
+#Backward compatibility
+SubsetSpecies_class = SubsetSpecies

sage/combinat/species/sum_species.py

@@ -0,0 +1,225 @@
+# sage_setup: distribution = sagemath-combinat
+"""
+Sum species
+"""
+#*****************************************************************************
+#       Copyright (C) 2008 Mike Hansen <mhansen@gmail.com>,
+#
+#  Distributed under the terms of the GNU General Public License (GPL)
+#
+#    This code is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+#    but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+#    MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the GNU
+#    General Public License for more details.
+#
+#  The full text of the GPL is available at:
+#
+#                  http://www.gnu.org/licenses/
+#*****************************************************************************
+from .species import GenericCombinatorialSpecies
+from .structure import SpeciesStructureWrapper
+from sage.structure.unique_representation import UniqueRepresentation
+
+
+class SumSpeciesStructure(SpeciesStructureWrapper):
+    pass
+
+
+class SumSpecies(GenericCombinatorialSpecies, UniqueRepresentation):
+    def __init__(self, F, G, min=None, max=None, weight=None):
+        """
+        Return the sum of two species.
+
+        EXAMPLES::
+
+            sage: S = species.PermutationSpecies()
+            sage: A = S+S
+            sage: A.generating_series()[:5]
+            [2, 2, 2, 2, 2]
+
+            sage: P = species.PermutationSpecies()
+            sage: F = P + P
+            sage: F._check()                                                            # needs sage.libs.flint
+            True
+            sage: F == loads(dumps(F))
+            True
+
+        TESTS::
+
+            sage: A = species.SingletonSpecies() + species.SingletonSpecies()
+            sage: B = species.SingletonSpecies() + species.SingletonSpecies()
+            sage: C = species.SingletonSpecies() + species.SingletonSpecies(min=2)
+            sage: A is B
+            True
+            sage: (A is C) or (A == C)
+            False
+        """
+        self._F = F
+        self._G = G
+
+        self._state_info = [F, G]
+
+        GenericCombinatorialSpecies.__init__(self, min=None, max=None, weight=None)
+
+    _default_structure_class = SumSpeciesStructure
+
+    def left_summand(self):
+        """
+        Return the left summand of this species.
+
+        EXAMPLES::
+
+            sage: P = species.PermutationSpecies()
+            sage: F = P + P*P
+            sage: F.left_summand()
+            Permutation species
+        """
+        return self._F
+
+    def right_summand(self):
+        """
+        Return the right summand of this species.
+
+        EXAMPLES::
+
+            sage: P = species.PermutationSpecies()
+            sage: F = P + P*P
+            sage: F.right_summand()
+            Product of (Permutation species) and (Permutation species)
+        """
+        return self._G
+
+    def _name(self):
+        """
+        Note that we use a function to return the name of this species
+        because we can't do it in the __init__ method due to it
+        requiring that self.left_summand() and self.right_summand()
+        already be unpickled.
+
+        EXAMPLES::
+
+            sage: P = species.PermutationSpecies()
+            sage: F = P + P
+            sage: F._name()
+            'Sum of (Permutation species) and (Permutation species)'
+        """
+        return "Sum of (%s) and (%s)" % (self.left_summand(),
+                                         self.right_summand())
+
+    def _structures(self, structure_class, labels):
+        """
+        EXAMPLES::
+
+            sage: P = species.PermutationSpecies()
+            sage: F = P + P
+            sage: F.structures([1,2]).list()
+            [[1, 2], [2, 1], [1, 2], [2, 1]]
+        """
+        for res in self.left_summand().structures(labels):
+            yield structure_class(self, res, tag='left')
+
+        for res in self.right_summand().structures(labels):
+            yield structure_class(self, res, tag='right')
+
+    def _isotypes(self, structure_class, labels):
+        """
+        EXAMPLES::
+
+            sage: P = species.PermutationSpecies()
+            sage: F = P + P
+            sage: F.isotypes([1,2]).list()                                              # needs sage.libs.flint
+            [[2, 1], [1, 2], [2, 1], [1, 2]]
+        """
+        for res in self._F.isotypes(labels):
+            yield structure_class(self, res, tag='left')
+
+        for res in self._G.isotypes(labels):
+            yield structure_class(self, res, tag='right')
+
+    def _gs(self, series_ring, base_ring):
+        """
+        Return the cycle index series of this species.
+
+        EXAMPLES::
+
+            sage: P = species.PermutationSpecies()
+            sage: F = P + P
+            sage: F.generating_series()[:5]
+            [2, 2, 2, 2, 2]
+        """
+        return (self.left_summand().generating_series(base_ring) +
+                self.right_summand().generating_series(base_ring))
+
+    def _itgs(self, series_ring, base_ring):
+        """
+        Return the isomorphism type generating series of this species.
+
+        EXAMPLES::
+
+            sage: P = species.PermutationSpecies()
+            sage: F = P + P
+            sage: F.isotype_generating_series()[:5]                                     # needs sage.libs.flint
+            [2, 2, 4, 6, 10]
+        """
+        return (self.left_summand().isotype_generating_series(base_ring) +
+                self.right_summand().isotype_generating_series(base_ring))
+
+    def _cis(self, series_ring, base_ring):
+        """
+        Return the generating series of this species.
+
+        EXAMPLES::
+
+            sage: P = species.PermutationSpecies()
+            sage: F = P + P
+            sage: F.cycle_index_series()[:5]                                            # needs sage.modules
+            [2*p[],
+             2*p[1],
+             2*p[1, 1] + 2*p[2],
+             2*p[1, 1, 1] + 2*p[2, 1] + 2*p[3],
+             2*p[1, 1, 1, 1] + 2*p[2, 1, 1] + 2*p[2, 2] + 2*p[3, 1] + 2*p[4]]
+        """
+        return (self.left_summand().cycle_index_series(base_ring) +
+                self.right_summand().cycle_index_series(base_ring))
+
+    def weight_ring(self):
+        """
+        Return the weight ring for this species. This is determined by
+        asking Sage's coercion model what the result is when you add
+        elements of the weight rings for each of the operands.
+
+        EXAMPLES::
+
+            sage: S = species.SetSpecies()
+            sage: C = S+S
+            sage: C.weight_ring()
+            Rational Field
+
+        ::
+
+            sage: S = species.SetSpecies(weight=QQ['t'].gen())
+            sage: C = S + S
+            sage: C.weight_ring()
+            Univariate Polynomial Ring in t over Rational Field
+        """
+        return self._common_parent([self.left_summand().weight_ring(),
+                                    self.right_summand().weight_ring()])
+
+    def _equation(self, var_mapping):
+        """
+        Return the right hand side of an algebraic equation satisfied by
+        this species. This is a utility function called by the
+        algebraic_equation_system method.
+
+        EXAMPLES::
+
+            sage: X = species.SingletonSpecies()
+            sage: S = X + X
+            sage: S.algebraic_equation_system()                                         # needs sage.graphs
+            [node1 + (-2*z)]
+        """
+        return sum(var_mapping[operand] for operand in self._state_info)
+
+
+#Backward compatibility
+SumSpecies_class = SumSpecies