@oriro/orirocli 0.1.9 → 0.1.11

package/skills/finance/finance-investing/SKILL.md

@@ -1,269 +1,269 @@
----
-watermark: ORIRO
-disable-model-invocation: true
-name: finance-investing
-provider: ORIRO.ai
-copyright: Copyright (c) 2026 ORIRO.ai
-description: >
-  Investing fundamentals — index funds, stocks, bonds, diversification,
-  risk management, compound interest, tax-advantaged accounts, and
-  building long-term wealth. Activate for questions about how to invest,
-  where to start investing, understanding markets, retirement accounts,
-  ETFs, stocks, or any investment question. Sources: Vanguard founder
-  John Bogle principles, Bogleheads wiki, SEC investor education,
-  Federal Reserve, academic finance research (Fama, French, Sharpe).
-  This is financial education. Consult a fee-only fiduciary financial
-  advisor for personalized investment planning.
----
-
-# Investing Fundamentals
-
-## The most important truth in investing
-
-**Time in the market beats timing the market.**
-
-The stock market has returned approximately 7-10% annually over long periods
-(nominal; ~7% real after inflation for US stocks).
-
-$10,000 invested at 7% annual return:
-
-- After 10 years: $19,672
-- After 20 years: $38,697
-- After 30 years: $76,123
-- After 40 years: $149,745
-
-The same $10,000 sitting in a savings account at 1% for 40 years: $14,889.
-
-**Compound interest requires time above everything else.**
-
----
-
-## Core investment vehicles
-
-### Stocks (equities)
-
-Ownership shares in a company.
-Returns: price appreciation + dividends.
-Risk: individual companies can fail completely (Enron, Lehman Brothers).
-Expected return: ~10% nominal annually (US large-cap historical average).
-
-**Individual stocks:** High risk. 90%+ of active stock pickers underperform index funds over 15 years.
-
-### Bonds (fixed income)
-
-Loans to governments or corporations.
-Returns: interest payments (coupons) + principal at maturity.
-Risk: lower than stocks. Issuer default risk (low for US Treasury, higher for corporate).
-Expected return: ~1-5% depending on type and duration.
-
-**Why hold bonds:**
-
-- Reduce portfolio volatility
-- Provide stability when stocks fall
-- Rebalancing opportunity
-
-### Index Funds and ETFs
-
-**The single best investing insight of the 20th century** (Bogle, 1975):
-Instead of trying to beat the market, own the whole market at minimal cost.
-
-An S&P 500 index fund owns all 500 largest US companies, weighted by market cap.
-When you buy one share, you own a tiny piece of Apple, Microsoft, Amazon, etc.
-
-**Why index funds win:**
-
-- Fees matter enormously: 0.03% (Vanguard) vs. 1% (active fund) = 0.97% per year
-- On $100,000 over 30 years at 7% return:
-  - 0.03% expense ratio: $757,000
-  - 1.0% expense ratio: $574,000
-  - Difference: $183,000 — lost to fees
-
-**Most important index funds:**
-
-- US Total Market: VTI (Vanguard), ITOT (iShares), SCHB (Schwab)
-- S&P 500: VOO, SPY, IVV
-- International: VXUS, IXUS
-- Total Bond: BND, AGG
-- Emerging Markets: VWO, IEMG
-
----
-
-## Asset allocation — the most important decision
-
-Your asset allocation (stocks vs. bonds vs. other) determines 90%+ of your long-term returns and risk.
-
-**General principles:**
-
-- More stocks = higher expected return, higher volatility
-- More bonds = lower return, lower volatility, better protection in downturns
-- Younger = more stocks (time to recover from downturns)
-- Older = more bonds (protect what you've built)
-
-**Simple age-based rule:** Hold your age in bonds %.
-Age 30: 30% bonds, 70% stocks
-Age 50: 50% bonds, 50% stocks
-Age 60: 60% bonds, 40% stocks
-
-**More aggressive rule (many index investors use):**
-Keep 90-100% stocks until 10-15 years from retirement, then gradually shift.
-
-**The Bogleheads Three-Fund Portfolio:**
-
-1. US Total Stock Market Index (e.g., VTI)
-2. International Stock Market Index (e.g., VXUS)
-3. US Bond Market Index (e.g., BND)
-
-Adjust percentages to your age and risk tolerance. Rebalance annually.
-
----
-
-## Tax-advantaged accounts — use these first
-
-### 401(k) / 403(b)
-
-Employer-sponsored retirement account.
-**Traditional 401k:** Pre-tax contributions; pay taxes on withdrawal in retirement.
-
-- 2024 limit: $23,000 ($30,500 if 50+)
-- Tax deduction now; taxable later
-- Best if: you expect lower tax rate in retirement
-
-**Roth 401k:** After-tax contributions; withdrawals in retirement are tax-free.
-
-- Same contribution limits
-- No tax deduction now; tax-free forever
-- Best if: you expect higher tax rate in retirement
-
-**Employer match:** FREE MONEY. Always contribute at least enough to get the full match.
-Example: Employer matches 50% up to 6% of salary. You earn $60,000.
-Contribute 6% ($3,600); employer adds $1,800. Instant 50% return.
-
-### IRA (Individual Retirement Account)
-
-You open this yourself, independent of employer.
-**2024 limit:** $7,000 ($8,000 if 50+)
-
-**Traditional IRA:** Pre-tax if income qualifies; tax-deferred growth.
-**Roth IRA:** After-tax; completely tax-free growth and withdrawals.
-
-**Roth IRA income limits (2024):**
-Single: Phase-out $146,000-161,000; ineligible above $161,000
-Married filing jointly: Phase-out $230,000-240,000
-
-**Backdoor Roth IRA:** For high earners above Roth limits.
-Contribute to non-deductible traditional IRA, then convert to Roth.
-Legal and widely used.
-
-### HSA (Health Savings Account)
-
-Triple tax advantage — the only account with three tax benefits:
-
-1. Contributions pre-tax (reduces taxable income)
-2. Growth is tax-free
-3. Withdrawals for medical expenses are tax-free
-
-**Eligible only with High Deductible Health Plan (HDHP).**
-2024 limits: $4,150 (individual), $8,300 (family)
-
-**Best strategy:** Pay medical expenses out of pocket now; invest HSA; withdraw in retirement tax-free for any expense (age 65+, same as traditional IRA).
-
----
-
-## Risk and diversification
-
-### Systemic risk vs. specific risk
-
-**Specific risk (diversifiable):** Individual company risk. Can be eliminated by diversification.
-**Systemic risk:** Market-wide risk (recession, interest rates). Cannot be eliminated.
-
-**Diversification:** Own enough different assets that no single failure destroys you.
-
-- 20-30 stocks: reduces specific risk by ~95%
-- Index fund: owns hundreds to thousands of stocks; specific risk essentially eliminated
-
-### Correlation
-
-Assets that move together = high correlation (US stocks and US stocks).
-Assets that move opposite or independently = low correlation.
-
-Low correlation reduces portfolio volatility.
-Example: International stocks + US stocks + bonds behave differently;
-portfolio is smoother than any single asset.
-
-### Volatility and time horizon
-
-Stock market has experienced drops of:
-
-- 10%+: roughly every 1-2 years
-- 20%+: roughly every 3-5 years
-- 40%+: 2000-2002 (dot-com), 2008-2009 (financial crisis)
-
-**The solution to volatility: time horizon.**
-If you need money in < 1 year: don't invest in stocks.
-1-3 years: conservative allocation.
-5+ years: can tolerate more stocks.
-10+ years: history shows no 10-year period where diversified stock portfolio lost money.
-
----
-
-## Common investing mistakes
-
-### 1. Market timing
-
-"I'll invest when the market is lower."
-Problem: Nobody can consistently predict market direction. While waiting, you miss gains.
-**Fix:** Invest consistently on a schedule regardless of market level (dollar-cost averaging).
-
-### 2. Panic selling in downturns
-
-Selling when the market is down 30% and buying back when it's up 50% = guaranteed loss.
-**Fix:** Write down your investment plan and reasons. Read it before making any changes during a crash.
-
-### 3. Chasing performance
-
-Last year's top performer almost never repeats.
-**Fix:** Own the whole market with an index fund.
-
-### 4. High fees
-
-Active mutual funds average ~1% annual fee.
-Over 30 years, 1% fee difference = 20%+ less wealth.
-**Fix:** Index funds with expense ratios < 0.1%.
-
-### 5. Not investing at all
-
-Fear of losing money keeps many in savings accounts, losing to inflation.
-**Fix:** The greatest risk over 30 years is NOT investing.
-
-### 6. Crypto speculation
-
-Crypto is not diversification — it is speculation with extremely high risk.
-Never invest more than you can afford to lose completely.
-Never use it as a substitute for diversified market investing.
-
----
-
-## Starting to invest — step by step
-
-1. **Open a brokerage account:**
-   Fidelity, Vanguard, or Schwab — all excellent, low cost.
-   For retirement: open IRA first.
-
-2. **Fund the account:**
-   Link your bank. Transfer initial amount.
-
-3. **Choose your fund:**
-   Simple starting choice: Vanguard Target Date Fund (e.g., VTTSX if retiring ~2050).
-   Automatically adjusts allocation as you age. One fund does everything.
-   Or: VTI + BND (simple two-fund portfolio).
-
-4. **Set up automatic investing:**
-   Automate monthly transfers from your paycheck.
-   Removes emotion from the process.
-
-5. **Ignore it for years:**
-   Check once/year to rebalance. Otherwise don't touch it.
-
-Sources: SEC Investor Education (investor.gov), Vanguard research,
-Bogleheads Investment Philosophy (bogleheads.org),
-Fama-French research on market factors, IRS publications 590 and 575
+---
+watermark: ORIRO
+disable-model-invocation: true
+name: finance-investing
+provider: ORIRO.ai
+copyright: Copyright (c) 2026 ORIRO.ai
+description: >
+  Investing fundamentals — index funds, stocks, bonds, diversification,
+  risk management, compound interest, tax-advantaged accounts, and
+  building long-term wealth. Activate for questions about how to invest,
+  where to start investing, understanding markets, retirement accounts,
+  ETFs, stocks, or any investment question. Sources: Vanguard founder
+  John Bogle principles, Bogleheads wiki, SEC investor education,
+  Federal Reserve, academic finance research (Fama, French, Sharpe).
+  This is financial education. Consult a fee-only fiduciary financial
+  advisor for personalized investment planning.
+---
+
+# Investing Fundamentals
+
+## The most important truth in investing
+
+**Time in the market beats timing the market.**
+
+The stock market has returned approximately 7-10% annually over long periods
+(nominal; ~7% real after inflation for US stocks).
+
+$10,000 invested at 7% annual return:
+
+- After 10 years: $19,672
+- After 20 years: $38,697
+- After 30 years: $76,123
+- After 40 years: $149,745
+
+The same $10,000 sitting in a savings account at 1% for 40 years: $14,889.
+
+**Compound interest requires time above everything else.**
+
+---
+
+## Core investment vehicles
+
+### Stocks (equities)
+
+Ownership shares in a company.
+Returns: price appreciation + dividends.
+Risk: individual companies can fail completely (Enron, Lehman Brothers).
+Expected return: ~10% nominal annually (US large-cap historical average).
+
+**Individual stocks:** High risk. 90%+ of active stock pickers underperform index funds over 15 years.
+
+### Bonds (fixed income)
+
+Loans to governments or corporations.
+Returns: interest payments (coupons) + principal at maturity.
+Risk: lower than stocks. Issuer default risk (low for US Treasury, higher for corporate).
+Expected return: ~1-5% depending on type and duration.
+
+**Why hold bonds:**
+
+- Reduce portfolio volatility
+- Provide stability when stocks fall
+- Rebalancing opportunity
+
+### Index Funds and ETFs
+
+**The single best investing insight of the 20th century** (Bogle, 1975):
+Instead of trying to beat the market, own the whole market at minimal cost.
+
+An S&P 500 index fund owns all 500 largest US companies, weighted by market cap.
+When you buy one share, you own a tiny piece of Apple, Microsoft, Amazon, etc.
+
+**Why index funds win:**
+
+- Fees matter enormously: 0.03% (Vanguard) vs. 1% (active fund) = 0.97% per year
+- On $100,000 over 30 years at 7% return:
+  - 0.03% expense ratio: $757,000
+  - 1.0% expense ratio: $574,000
+  - Difference: $183,000 — lost to fees
+
+**Most important index funds:**
+
+- US Total Market: VTI (Vanguard), ITOT (iShares), SCHB (Schwab)
+- S&P 500: VOO, SPY, IVV
+- International: VXUS, IXUS
+- Total Bond: BND, AGG
+- Emerging Markets: VWO, IEMG
+
+---
+
+## Asset allocation — the most important decision
+
+Your asset allocation (stocks vs. bonds vs. other) determines 90%+ of your long-term returns and risk.
+
+**General principles:**
+
+- More stocks = higher expected return, higher volatility
+- More bonds = lower return, lower volatility, better protection in downturns
+- Younger = more stocks (time to recover from downturns)
+- Older = more bonds (protect what you've built)
+
+**Simple age-based rule:** Hold your age in bonds %.
+Age 30: 30% bonds, 70% stocks
+Age 50: 50% bonds, 50% stocks
+Age 60: 60% bonds, 40% stocks
+
+**More aggressive rule (many index investors use):**
+Keep 90-100% stocks until 10-15 years from retirement, then gradually shift.
+
+**The Bogleheads Three-Fund Portfolio:**
+
+1. US Total Stock Market Index (e.g., VTI)
+2. International Stock Market Index (e.g., VXUS)
+3. US Bond Market Index (e.g., BND)
+
+Adjust percentages to your age and risk tolerance. Rebalance annually.
+
+---
+
+## Tax-advantaged accounts — use these first
+
+### 401(k) / 403(b)
+
+Employer-sponsored retirement account.
+**Traditional 401k:** Pre-tax contributions; pay taxes on withdrawal in retirement.
+
+- 2024 limit: $23,000 ($30,500 if 50+)
+- Tax deduction now; taxable later
+- Best if: you expect lower tax rate in retirement
+
+**Roth 401k:** After-tax contributions; withdrawals in retirement are tax-free.
+
+- Same contribution limits
+- No tax deduction now; tax-free forever
+- Best if: you expect higher tax rate in retirement
+
+**Employer match:** FREE MONEY. Always contribute at least enough to get the full match.
+Example: Employer matches 50% up to 6% of salary. You earn $60,000.
+Contribute 6% ($3,600); employer adds $1,800. Instant 50% return.
+
+### IRA (Individual Retirement Account)
+
+You open this yourself, independent of employer.
+**2024 limit:** $7,000 ($8,000 if 50+)
+
+**Traditional IRA:** Pre-tax if income qualifies; tax-deferred growth.
+**Roth IRA:** After-tax; completely tax-free growth and withdrawals.
+
+**Roth IRA income limits (2024):**
+Single: Phase-out $146,000-161,000; ineligible above $161,000
+Married filing jointly: Phase-out $230,000-240,000
+
+**Backdoor Roth IRA:** For high earners above Roth limits.
+Contribute to non-deductible traditional IRA, then convert to Roth.
+Legal and widely used.
+
+### HSA (Health Savings Account)
+
+Triple tax advantage — the only account with three tax benefits:
+
+1. Contributions pre-tax (reduces taxable income)
+2. Growth is tax-free
+3. Withdrawals for medical expenses are tax-free
+
+**Eligible only with High Deductible Health Plan (HDHP).**
+2024 limits: $4,150 (individual), $8,300 (family)
+
+**Best strategy:** Pay medical expenses out of pocket now; invest HSA; withdraw in retirement tax-free for any expense (age 65+, same as traditional IRA).
+
+---
+
+## Risk and diversification
+
+### Systemic risk vs. specific risk
+
+**Specific risk (diversifiable):** Individual company risk. Can be eliminated by diversification.
+**Systemic risk:** Market-wide risk (recession, interest rates). Cannot be eliminated.
+
+**Diversification:** Own enough different assets that no single failure destroys you.
+
+- 20-30 stocks: reduces specific risk by ~95%
+- Index fund: owns hundreds to thousands of stocks; specific risk essentially eliminated
+
+### Correlation
+
+Assets that move together = high correlation (US stocks and US stocks).
+Assets that move opposite or independently = low correlation.
+
+Low correlation reduces portfolio volatility.
+Example: International stocks + US stocks + bonds behave differently;
+portfolio is smoother than any single asset.
+
+### Volatility and time horizon
+
+Stock market has experienced drops of:
+
+- 10%+: roughly every 1-2 years
+- 20%+: roughly every 3-5 years
+- 40%+: 2000-2002 (dot-com), 2008-2009 (financial crisis)
+
+**The solution to volatility: time horizon.**
+If you need money in < 1 year: don't invest in stocks.
+1-3 years: conservative allocation.
+5+ years: can tolerate more stocks.
+10+ years: history shows no 10-year period where diversified stock portfolio lost money.
+
+---
+
+## Common investing mistakes
+
+### 1. Market timing
+
+"I'll invest when the market is lower."
+Problem: Nobody can consistently predict market direction. While waiting, you miss gains.
+**Fix:** Invest consistently on a schedule regardless of market level (dollar-cost averaging).
+
+### 2. Panic selling in downturns
+
+Selling when the market is down 30% and buying back when it's up 50% = guaranteed loss.
+**Fix:** Write down your investment plan and reasons. Read it before making any changes during a crash.
+
+### 3. Chasing performance
+
+Last year's top performer almost never repeats.
+**Fix:** Own the whole market with an index fund.
+
+### 4. High fees
+
+Active mutual funds average ~1% annual fee.
+Over 30 years, 1% fee difference = 20%+ less wealth.
+**Fix:** Index funds with expense ratios < 0.1%.
+
+### 5. Not investing at all
+
+Fear of losing money keeps many in savings accounts, losing to inflation.
+**Fix:** The greatest risk over 30 years is NOT investing.
+
+### 6. Crypto speculation
+
+Crypto is not diversification — it is speculation with extremely high risk.
+Never invest more than you can afford to lose completely.
+Never use it as a substitute for diversified market investing.
+
+---
+
+## Starting to invest — step by step
+
+1. **Open a brokerage account:**
+   Fidelity, Vanguard, or Schwab — all excellent, low cost.
+   For retirement: open IRA first.
+
+2. **Fund the account:**
+   Link your bank. Transfer initial amount.
+
+3. **Choose your fund:**
+   Simple starting choice: Vanguard Target Date Fund (e.g., VTTSX if retiring ~2050).
+   Automatically adjusts allocation as you age. One fund does everything.
+   Or: VTI + BND (simple two-fund portfolio).
+
+4. **Set up automatic investing:**
+   Automate monthly transfers from your paycheck.
+   Removes emotion from the process.
+
+5. **Ignore it for years:**
+   Check once/year to rebalance. Otherwise don't touch it.
+
+Sources: SEC Investor Education (investor.gov), Vanguard research,
+Bogleheads Investment Philosophy (bogleheads.org),
+Fama-French research on market factors, IRS publications 590 and 575

package/skills/finance/finance-options-derivatives/LICENSE

@@ -1,21 +1,21 @@
-MIT License
-
-Copyright (c) 2026 ORIRO.ai
-
-Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy
-of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to deal
-in the Software without restriction, including without limitation the rights
-to use, copy, modify, merge, publish, distribute, sublicense, and/or sell
-copies of the Software, and to permit persons to whom the Software is
-furnished to do so, subject to the following conditions:
-
-The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included in all
-copies or substantial portions of the Software.
-
-THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR
-IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY,
-FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE
-AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER
-LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM,
-OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN THE
-SOFTWARE.
+MIT License
+
+Copyright (c) 2026 ORIRO.ai
+
+Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy
+of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to deal
+in the Software without restriction, including without limitation the rights
+to use, copy, modify, merge, publish, distribute, sublicense, and/or sell
+copies of the Software, and to permit persons to whom the Software is
+furnished to do so, subject to the following conditions:
+
+The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included in all
+copies or substantial portions of the Software.
+
+THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR
+IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY,
+FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE
+AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER
+LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM,
+OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN THE
+SOFTWARE.