@oriro/orirocli 0.1.11 → 0.1.12

package/skills/science/sci-neuroscience/SKILL.md

@@ -1,79 +1,79 @@
----
-watermark: ORIRO
-disable-model-invocation: true
-name: sci-neuroscience
-provider: ORIRO.ai
-copyright: Copyright (c) 2026 ORIRO.ai
-description: >
-  Neuroscience fundamentals — brain structure, neural function, memory, learning,
-  neuroplasticity, consciousness, and applied neuroscience. Activate for questions
-  about how the brain works, memory, learning, neurological conditions, or any
-  neuroscience question. Sources: NIH Brain Research, OpenStax Anatomy and
-  Physiology, Society for Neuroscience.
----
-
-# Neuroscience Fundamentals
-
-## Brain structure
-
-**Brainstem:** Medulla, pons, midbrain. Basic life functions (breathing, heart rate, sleep). Oldest evolutionary structure.
-**Cerebellum:** "Little brain." Motor coordination, balance, procedural learning. Doesn't initiate movement — refines it.
-**Limbic system:** Emotion and memory. Key structures:
-
-- Amygdala: Fear, emotional memory, threat detection
-- Hippocampus: Memory formation, spatial navigation
-- Hypothalamus: Homeostasis, hunger, thirst, circadian rhythm, hormones
-  **Cerebral cortex:** Outer gray matter. Higher cognition. Four lobes:
-- Frontal: Planning, decision-making, personality, voluntary movement
-- Parietal: Sensory processing, spatial awareness
-- Temporal: Auditory processing, language (Wernicke's area), face recognition
-- Occipital: Visual processing
-
-## Neurons and synapses
-
-**Neuron structure:** Cell body → Dendrites (receive signals) → Axon (transmit signals) → Axon terminals (release neurotransmitters).
-**Myelin sheath:** Insulation that speeds signal transmission. MS (multiple sclerosis) = demyelination.
-**Action potential:** All-or-nothing electrochemical signal. Threshold: ~-55mV. Fires or doesn't fire.
-**Synapse:** Gap between neurons. Electrical signal → neurotransmitter release → receptor binding → new electrical signal.
-
-**Major neurotransmitters:**
-Dopamine: Reward, motivation, movement. Deficiency: Parkinson's. Excess: Psychosis. Addictive drugs hijack this system.
-Serotonin: Mood, sleep, appetite, digestion. Low levels associated with depression. SSRIs increase availability.
-GABA: Inhibitory. "The brake pedal." Alcohol, benzos, and sleeping pills enhance GABA signaling.
-Glutamate: Excitatory. Most common in brain. Learning and memory. Excess = excitotoxicity.
-Norepinephrine: Arousal, fight-or-flight. Focus and attention.
-Acetylcholine: Memory, learning, muscle control. Deficiency: Alzheimer's disease.
-
-## Memory systems
-
-**Working memory:** Active, short-term. ~7 items, ~15-30 seconds without rehearsal. Prefrontal cortex.
-**Long-term memory:**
-Explicit/declarative:
-
-- Episodic: Personal events ("my birthday last year"). Hippocampus critical.
-- Semantic: Facts ("Paris is the capital of France"). Temporal/frontal.
-  Implicit/non-declarative:
-- Procedural: Skills (riding a bike). Basal ganglia, cerebellum.
-- Priming: Unconscious memory influences. Various regions.
-- Conditioning: Associative learning. Amygdala (fear), cerebellum.
-
-**Memory formation:**
-Encoding → Consolidation (sleep essential) → Retrieval.
-LTP (Long-term potentiation): "Neurons that fire together wire together" (Hebb). Synapses strengthen with repeated co-activation.
-
-## Neuroplasticity
-
-The brain changes structure and function in response to experience throughout life.
-**Critical periods:** Early childhood — heightened plasticity. Language, vision, social development.
-**Adult plasticity:** Less dramatic but real. Hippocampal neurogenesis (new neurons) in adults demonstrated.
-**Use it or lose it:** Synaptic pruning — unused connections eliminated. Explains importance of learning and mental engagement.
-**Trauma and plasticity:** PTSD involves altered amygdala-prefrontal balance. Therapy can normalize.
-
-## Applied neuroscience for performance
-
-**Sleep:** Memory consolidation requires sleep. SWS replays episodic memories. REM processes emotional memories. Learning without sleep → far less retained.
-**Exercise:** Increases BDNF (brain-derived neurotrophic factor) — "Miracle-Gro for the brain." Improves memory, learning, mood, neurogenesis.
-**Stress:** Acute stress: enhances attention and memory. Chronic stress: damages hippocampus, impairs prefrontal function.
-**Mindfulness:** Increases gray matter density in prefrontal cortex and insula. Reduces amygdala reactivity. Not woo — documented neurological changes.
-
-Sources: NIH Brain Research (brain.nih.gov — free), Society for Neuroscience (sfn.org — free resources), OpenStax Anatomy and Physiology (CC-BY), Eagleman "The Brain" (principles)
+---
+watermark: ORIRO
+disable-model-invocation: true
+name: sci-neuroscience
+provider: ORIRO.ai
+copyright: Copyright (c) 2026 ORIRO.ai
+description: >
+  Neuroscience fundamentals — brain structure, neural function, memory, learning,
+  neuroplasticity, consciousness, and applied neuroscience. Activate for questions
+  about how the brain works, memory, learning, neurological conditions, or any
+  neuroscience question. Sources: NIH Brain Research, OpenStax Anatomy and
+  Physiology, Society for Neuroscience.
+---
+
+# Neuroscience Fundamentals
+
+## Brain structure
+
+**Brainstem:** Medulla, pons, midbrain. Basic life functions (breathing, heart rate, sleep). Oldest evolutionary structure.
+**Cerebellum:** "Little brain." Motor coordination, balance, procedural learning. Doesn't initiate movement — refines it.
+**Limbic system:** Emotion and memory. Key structures:
+
+- Amygdala: Fear, emotional memory, threat detection
+- Hippocampus: Memory formation, spatial navigation
+- Hypothalamus: Homeostasis, hunger, thirst, circadian rhythm, hormones
+  **Cerebral cortex:** Outer gray matter. Higher cognition. Four lobes:
+- Frontal: Planning, decision-making, personality, voluntary movement
+- Parietal: Sensory processing, spatial awareness
+- Temporal: Auditory processing, language (Wernicke's area), face recognition
+- Occipital: Visual processing
+
+## Neurons and synapses
+
+**Neuron structure:** Cell body → Dendrites (receive signals) → Axon (transmit signals) → Axon terminals (release neurotransmitters).
+**Myelin sheath:** Insulation that speeds signal transmission. MS (multiple sclerosis) = demyelination.
+**Action potential:** All-or-nothing electrochemical signal. Threshold: ~-55mV. Fires or doesn't fire.
+**Synapse:** Gap between neurons. Electrical signal → neurotransmitter release → receptor binding → new electrical signal.
+
+**Major neurotransmitters:**
+Dopamine: Reward, motivation, movement. Deficiency: Parkinson's. Excess: Psychosis. Addictive drugs hijack this system.
+Serotonin: Mood, sleep, appetite, digestion. Low levels associated with depression. SSRIs increase availability.
+GABA: Inhibitory. "The brake pedal." Alcohol, benzos, and sleeping pills enhance GABA signaling.
+Glutamate: Excitatory. Most common in brain. Learning and memory. Excess = excitotoxicity.
+Norepinephrine: Arousal, fight-or-flight. Focus and attention.
+Acetylcholine: Memory, learning, muscle control. Deficiency: Alzheimer's disease.
+
+## Memory systems
+
+**Working memory:** Active, short-term. ~7 items, ~15-30 seconds without rehearsal. Prefrontal cortex.
+**Long-term memory:**
+Explicit/declarative:
+
+- Episodic: Personal events ("my birthday last year"). Hippocampus critical.
+- Semantic: Facts ("Paris is the capital of France"). Temporal/frontal.
+  Implicit/non-declarative:
+- Procedural: Skills (riding a bike). Basal ganglia, cerebellum.
+- Priming: Unconscious memory influences. Various regions.
+- Conditioning: Associative learning. Amygdala (fear), cerebellum.
+
+**Memory formation:**
+Encoding → Consolidation (sleep essential) → Retrieval.
+LTP (Long-term potentiation): "Neurons that fire together wire together" (Hebb). Synapses strengthen with repeated co-activation.
+
+## Neuroplasticity
+
+The brain changes structure and function in response to experience throughout life.
+**Critical periods:** Early childhood — heightened plasticity. Language, vision, social development.
+**Adult plasticity:** Less dramatic but real. Hippocampal neurogenesis (new neurons) in adults demonstrated.
+**Use it or lose it:** Synaptic pruning — unused connections eliminated. Explains importance of learning and mental engagement.
+**Trauma and plasticity:** PTSD involves altered amygdala-prefrontal balance. Therapy can normalize.
+
+## Applied neuroscience for performance
+
+**Sleep:** Memory consolidation requires sleep. SWS replays episodic memories. REM processes emotional memories. Learning without sleep → far less retained.
+**Exercise:** Increases BDNF (brain-derived neurotrophic factor) — "Miracle-Gro for the brain." Improves memory, learning, mood, neurogenesis.
+**Stress:** Acute stress: enhances attention and memory. Chronic stress: damages hippocampus, impairs prefrontal function.
+**Mindfulness:** Increases gray matter density in prefrontal cortex and insula. Reduces amygdala reactivity. Not woo — documented neurological changes.
+
+Sources: NIH Brain Research (brain.nih.gov — free), Society for Neuroscience (sfn.org — free resources), OpenStax Anatomy and Physiology (CC-BY), Eagleman "The Brain" (principles)

package/skills/science/sci-physics/LICENSE

@@ -1,21 +1,21 @@
-MIT License
-
-Copyright (c) 2026 ORIRO.ai
-
-Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy
-of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to deal
-in the Software without restriction, including without limitation the rights
-to use, copy, modify, merge, publish, distribute, sublicense, and/or sell
-copies of the Software, and to permit persons to whom the Software is
-furnished to do so, subject to the following conditions:
-
-The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included in all
-copies or substantial portions of the Software.
-
-THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR
-IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY,
-FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE
-AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER
-LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM,
-OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN THE
-SOFTWARE.
+MIT License
+
+Copyright (c) 2026 ORIRO.ai
+
+Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy
+of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to deal
+in the Software without restriction, including without limitation the rights
+to use, copy, modify, merge, publish, distribute, sublicense, and/or sell
+copies of the Software, and to permit persons to whom the Software is
+furnished to do so, subject to the following conditions:
+
+The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included in all
+copies or substantial portions of the Software.
+
+THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR
+IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY,
+FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE
+AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER
+LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM,
+OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN THE
+SOFTWARE.

package/skills/science/sci-physics/SKILL.md

@@ -1,78 +1,78 @@
----
-watermark: ORIRO
-disable-model-invocation: true
-name: sci-physics
-provider: ORIRO.ai
-copyright: Copyright (c) 2026 ORIRO.ai
-description: >
-
-
-
-
-  Physics fundamentals — mechanics, thermodynamics, electricity, waves, optics, and modern physics concepts.
-
-
-  Sources: OpenStax textbooks (CC-BY), Khan Academy, MIT OCW, NOAA, IPCC reports.
----
-
-# Physics Fundamentals
-
-## Classical mechanics
-
-**Newton's Laws:**
-1st: Object at rest stays at rest; object in motion stays in motion — unless acted on by external force.
-2nd: F = ma (Force = mass × acceleration). Net force, not individual forces.
-3rd: For every action, equal and opposite reaction.
-
-**Kinematics (constant acceleration):**
-v = v₀ + at
-x = x₀ + v₀t + ½at²
-v² = v₀² + 2a(x - x₀)
-Free fall: a = g = 9.81 m/s² downward.
-
-**Energy:**
-Kinetic energy: KE = ½mv²
-Potential energy (gravitational): PE = mgh
-Conservation of energy: Total energy constant in closed system.
-Work: W = F·d·cos(θ). Work-energy theorem: W_net = ΔKE.
-
-**Momentum:** p = mv. Conservation: p_initial = p_final in closed system.
-Elastic collision: KE conserved. Inelastic: KE not conserved.
-
-## Thermodynamics
-
-**Zeroth Law:** If A is in thermal equilibrium with B, and B with C, then A is in equilibrium with C. (Defines temperature.)
-**First Law:** ΔU = Q - W. Internal energy change = heat added - work done by system.
-**Second Law:** Entropy of isolated system never decreases. Heat flows spontaneously from hot to cold.
-**Third Law:** Entropy approaches zero as temperature approaches absolute zero.
-**Absolute zero:** 0 K = -273.15°C. Cannot be reached in practice.
-
-## Electricity and magnetism
-
-**Coulomb's Law:** F = k(q₁q₂)/r². Attraction or repulsion depending on sign.
-**Electric field:** E = F/q. Direction of force on positive test charge.
-**Ohm's Law:** V = IR. (See electrical engineering skill for circuits.)
-**Faraday's Law:** Changing magnetic flux induces EMF. Foundation of electric generators and transformers.
-**Maxwell's equations:** Four equations that describe all classical electromagnetism. Also predicted light as electromagnetic waves.
-
-**Electromagnetic spectrum:**
-Radio < Microwave < Infrared < **Visible light** < Ultraviolet < X-ray < Gamma ray.
-All travel at c = 3×10⁸ m/s in vacuum.
-E = hf = hc/λ (energy of photon).
-
-## Waves and optics
-
-**Wave properties:** Wavelength (λ), frequency (f), amplitude, speed. v = fλ.
-**Interference:** Constructive (same phase, amplitude adds). Destructive (opposite phase, amplitude cancels).
-**Doppler effect:** Observed frequency shifts with relative motion. Source approaching → higher pitch. Source receding → lower pitch. Applies to light (redshift/blueshift).
-**Snell's Law:** n₁sin(θ₁) = n₂sin(θ₂). Light bends at interface between media.
-Total internal reflection: If angle of incidence > critical angle, light reflects instead of refracts. Foundation of fiber optics.
-
-## Modern physics
-
-**Special relativity:** Speed of light constant for all observers. At relativistic speeds: time dilation, length contraction, mass increase.
-E = mc²: Mass-energy equivalence.
-**Quantum mechanics:** Energy is quantized. Particles have wave-like properties. Heisenberg uncertainty principle: ΔxΔp ≥ ℏ/2 — cannot simultaneously know position and momentum precisely.
-**Nuclear physics:** Strong nuclear force binds protons and neutrons. Fission: heavy nuclei split, releases energy. Fusion: light nuclei combine, releases even more energy per mass.
-
-Sources: OpenStax University Physics (CC-BY), MIT OCW 8.01/8.02, Khan Academy Physics
+---
+watermark: ORIRO
+disable-model-invocation: true
+name: sci-physics
+provider: ORIRO.ai
+copyright: Copyright (c) 2026 ORIRO.ai
+description: >
+
+
+
+
+  Physics fundamentals — mechanics, thermodynamics, electricity, waves, optics, and modern physics concepts.
+
+
+  Sources: OpenStax textbooks (CC-BY), Khan Academy, MIT OCW, NOAA, IPCC reports.
+---
+
+# Physics Fundamentals
+
+## Classical mechanics
+
+**Newton's Laws:**
+1st: Object at rest stays at rest; object in motion stays in motion — unless acted on by external force.
+2nd: F = ma (Force = mass × acceleration). Net force, not individual forces.
+3rd: For every action, equal and opposite reaction.
+
+**Kinematics (constant acceleration):**
+v = v₀ + at
+x = x₀ + v₀t + ½at²
+v² = v₀² + 2a(x - x₀)
+Free fall: a = g = 9.81 m/s² downward.
+
+**Energy:**
+Kinetic energy: KE = ½mv²
+Potential energy (gravitational): PE = mgh
+Conservation of energy: Total energy constant in closed system.
+Work: W = F·d·cos(θ). Work-energy theorem: W_net = ΔKE.
+
+**Momentum:** p = mv. Conservation: p_initial = p_final in closed system.
+Elastic collision: KE conserved. Inelastic: KE not conserved.
+
+## Thermodynamics
+
+**Zeroth Law:** If A is in thermal equilibrium with B, and B with C, then A is in equilibrium with C. (Defines temperature.)
+**First Law:** ΔU = Q - W. Internal energy change = heat added - work done by system.
+**Second Law:** Entropy of isolated system never decreases. Heat flows spontaneously from hot to cold.
+**Third Law:** Entropy approaches zero as temperature approaches absolute zero.
+**Absolute zero:** 0 K = -273.15°C. Cannot be reached in practice.
+
+## Electricity and magnetism
+
+**Coulomb's Law:** F = k(q₁q₂)/r². Attraction or repulsion depending on sign.
+**Electric field:** E = F/q. Direction of force on positive test charge.
+**Ohm's Law:** V = IR. (See electrical engineering skill for circuits.)
+**Faraday's Law:** Changing magnetic flux induces EMF. Foundation of electric generators and transformers.
+**Maxwell's equations:** Four equations that describe all classical electromagnetism. Also predicted light as electromagnetic waves.
+
+**Electromagnetic spectrum:**
+Radio < Microwave < Infrared < **Visible light** < Ultraviolet < X-ray < Gamma ray.
+All travel at c = 3×10⁸ m/s in vacuum.
+E = hf = hc/λ (energy of photon).
+
+## Waves and optics
+
+**Wave properties:** Wavelength (λ), frequency (f), amplitude, speed. v = fλ.
+**Interference:** Constructive (same phase, amplitude adds). Destructive (opposite phase, amplitude cancels).
+**Doppler effect:** Observed frequency shifts with relative motion. Source approaching → higher pitch. Source receding → lower pitch. Applies to light (redshift/blueshift).
+**Snell's Law:** n₁sin(θ₁) = n₂sin(θ₂). Light bends at interface between media.
+Total internal reflection: If angle of incidence > critical angle, light reflects instead of refracts. Foundation of fiber optics.
+
+## Modern physics
+
+**Special relativity:** Speed of light constant for all observers. At relativistic speeds: time dilation, length contraction, mass increase.
+E = mc²: Mass-energy equivalence.
+**Quantum mechanics:** Energy is quantized. Particles have wave-like properties. Heisenberg uncertainty principle: ΔxΔp ≥ ℏ/2 — cannot simultaneously know position and momentum precisely.
+**Nuclear physics:** Strong nuclear force binds protons and neutrons. Fission: heavy nuclei split, releases energy. Fusion: light nuclei combine, releases even more energy per mass.
+
+Sources: OpenStax University Physics (CC-BY), MIT OCW 8.01/8.02, Khan Academy Physics

package/skills/science/sci-research-methods/LICENSE

@@ -1,21 +1,21 @@
-MIT License
-
-Copyright (c) 2026 ORIRO.ai
-
-Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy
-of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to deal
-in the Software without restriction, including without limitation the rights
-to use, copy, modify, merge, publish, distribute, sublicense, and/or sell
-copies of the Software, and to permit persons to whom the Software is
-furnished to do so, subject to the following conditions:
-
-The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included in all
-copies or substantial portions of the Software.
-
-THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR
-IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY,
-FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE
-AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER
-LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM,
-OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN THE
-SOFTWARE.
+MIT License
+
+Copyright (c) 2026 ORIRO.ai
+
+Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy
+of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to deal
+in the Software without restriction, including without limitation the rights
+to use, copy, modify, merge, publish, distribute, sublicense, and/or sell
+copies of the Software, and to permit persons to whom the Software is
+furnished to do so, subject to the following conditions:
+
+The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included in all
+copies or substantial portions of the Software.
+
+THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR
+IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY,
+FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE
+AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER
+LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM,
+OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN THE
+SOFTWARE.

package/skills/science/sci-research-methods/SKILL.md

@@ -1,83 +1,83 @@
----
-watermark: ORIRO
-disable-model-invocation: true
-name: sci-research-methods
-provider: ORIRO.ai
-copyright: Copyright (c) 2026 ORIRO.ai
-description: >
-
-
-
-
-
-
-  Research methods — study design, sampling, data collection, literature review, academic writing, and research ethics.
-  Sources: OpenStax textbooks (CC-BY), Khan Academy, MIT OCW, NOAA, IPCC reports.
----
-
-# Research Methods
-
-## Research design hierarchy
-
-**Systematic reviews/meta-analyses:** Synthesize all studies on a question. Highest level of evidence for most questions.
-**Randomized controlled trials:** Experimental design with randomization. High internal validity.
-**Cohort studies:** Follow people over time. Can establish temporal sequence.
-**Case-control studies:** Compare exposed vs. unexposed, looking backward.
-**Cross-sectional:** Snapshot. Good for prevalence; cannot establish causation.
-**Case reports/expert opinion:** Lowest evidence. Hypothesis-generating.
-
-## Sampling
-
-**Probability sampling (scientific):** Every member of population has known probability of selection.
-Simple random: Every member equal probability. Gold standard for generalization.
-Stratified: Divide into groups, sample from each. Ensures representation.
-Cluster: Sample groups, then individuals within groups. More practical for large populations.
-Systematic: Every nth person from a list.
-
-**Non-probability sampling (practical):**
-Convenience: Whoever is available. High bias. Limits generalizability.
-Purposive: Deliberately select specific types. Qualitative research.
-Snowball: Participants recruit other participants. Social networks, hidden populations.
-
-**Sample size determination:** Based on effect size, desired power (0.80), and significance level (0.05). Use G\*Power or similar calculators.
-
-## Literature review
-
-**Systematic vs. narrative:**
-Systematic: Pre-specified search strategy, inclusion/exclusion criteria, documented. Reproducible.
-Narrative: Selectively reviews literature based on author's knowledge. Prone to bias.
-
-**Search strategy:**
-Databases: PubMed (biomedicine), PsycINFO (psychology), Scopus, Web of Science, JSTOR, Google Scholar.
-Boolean operators: AND (narrow), OR (expand), NOT (exclude).
-MeSH terms: Medical Subject Headings — controlled vocabulary for PubMed.
-
-**Critical appraisal:** Don't accept published studies uncritically.
-Check: Is the study design appropriate for the question? Was randomization done correctly? Was blinding appropriate? Was the sample size adequate? Were confounders addressed? Do conclusions match the data?
-
-**PICO search strategy:** Population + Intervention + Comparison + Outcome → generates focused search terms.
-
-## Academic writing
-
-**IMRaD structure:** Introduction, Methods, Results, and Discussion.
-Introduction: What is known? What is the gap? What is the research question?
-Methods: Detailed enough to replicate. Study design, participants, measurements, analysis plan.
-Results: What was found. Data, statistics, tables, figures. No interpretation here.
-Discussion: What does it mean? Compare to prior literature. Limitations. Implications.
-
-**Writing principles:**
-Precision: Use exact terms. Avoid weasel words (may, perhaps, seems).
-Economy: One idea per sentence. Delete unnecessary words.
-Active vs. passive: "We conducted..." vs "The study was conducted..." Active is clearer.
-Citation management: Zotero (free), Mendeley, EndnoteRelevant.
-
-## Research ethics
-
-**Informed consent:** Participants must understand: what the study involves, risks and benefits, right to withdraw, how data will be used.
-**Confidentiality vs. anonymity:** Confidentiality = identifiable but protected; Anonymity = cannot be identified.
-**IRB/Ethics review:** Required for research involving human subjects.
-**Research misconduct:** Fabrication (making up data), Falsification (manipulating data), Plagiarism (taking credit for others' work). Career-ending and potentially criminal.
-**Publication bias:** Positive results more likely to be published. Contributes to replication crisis. Pre-registration helps.
-
-Sources: OpenStax Research Methods (CC-BY), Cochrane handbook (free, cochrane.org),
-Creswell Research Design (principles), APA Publication Manual (principles)
+---
+watermark: ORIRO
+disable-model-invocation: true
+name: sci-research-methods
+provider: ORIRO.ai
+copyright: Copyright (c) 2026 ORIRO.ai
+description: >
+
+
+
+
+
+
+  Research methods — study design, sampling, data collection, literature review, academic writing, and research ethics.
+  Sources: OpenStax textbooks (CC-BY), Khan Academy, MIT OCW, NOAA, IPCC reports.
+---
+
+# Research Methods
+
+## Research design hierarchy
+
+**Systematic reviews/meta-analyses:** Synthesize all studies on a question. Highest level of evidence for most questions.
+**Randomized controlled trials:** Experimental design with randomization. High internal validity.
+**Cohort studies:** Follow people over time. Can establish temporal sequence.
+**Case-control studies:** Compare exposed vs. unexposed, looking backward.
+**Cross-sectional:** Snapshot. Good for prevalence; cannot establish causation.
+**Case reports/expert opinion:** Lowest evidence. Hypothesis-generating.
+
+## Sampling
+
+**Probability sampling (scientific):** Every member of population has known probability of selection.
+Simple random: Every member equal probability. Gold standard for generalization.
+Stratified: Divide into groups, sample from each. Ensures representation.
+Cluster: Sample groups, then individuals within groups. More practical for large populations.
+Systematic: Every nth person from a list.
+
+**Non-probability sampling (practical):**
+Convenience: Whoever is available. High bias. Limits generalizability.
+Purposive: Deliberately select specific types. Qualitative research.
+Snowball: Participants recruit other participants. Social networks, hidden populations.
+
+**Sample size determination:** Based on effect size, desired power (0.80), and significance level (0.05). Use G\*Power or similar calculators.
+
+## Literature review
+
+**Systematic vs. narrative:**
+Systematic: Pre-specified search strategy, inclusion/exclusion criteria, documented. Reproducible.
+Narrative: Selectively reviews literature based on author's knowledge. Prone to bias.
+
+**Search strategy:**
+Databases: PubMed (biomedicine), PsycINFO (psychology), Scopus, Web of Science, JSTOR, Google Scholar.
+Boolean operators: AND (narrow), OR (expand), NOT (exclude).
+MeSH terms: Medical Subject Headings — controlled vocabulary for PubMed.
+
+**Critical appraisal:** Don't accept published studies uncritically.
+Check: Is the study design appropriate for the question? Was randomization done correctly? Was blinding appropriate? Was the sample size adequate? Were confounders addressed? Do conclusions match the data?
+
+**PICO search strategy:** Population + Intervention + Comparison + Outcome → generates focused search terms.
+
+## Academic writing
+
+**IMRaD structure:** Introduction, Methods, Results, and Discussion.
+Introduction: What is known? What is the gap? What is the research question?
+Methods: Detailed enough to replicate. Study design, participants, measurements, analysis plan.
+Results: What was found. Data, statistics, tables, figures. No interpretation here.
+Discussion: What does it mean? Compare to prior literature. Limitations. Implications.
+
+**Writing principles:**
+Precision: Use exact terms. Avoid weasel words (may, perhaps, seems).
+Economy: One idea per sentence. Delete unnecessary words.
+Active vs. passive: "We conducted..." vs "The study was conducted..." Active is clearer.
+Citation management: Zotero (free), Mendeley, EndnoteRelevant.
+
+## Research ethics
+
+**Informed consent:** Participants must understand: what the study involves, risks and benefits, right to withdraw, how data will be used.
+**Confidentiality vs. anonymity:** Confidentiality = identifiable but protected; Anonymity = cannot be identified.
+**IRB/Ethics review:** Required for research involving human subjects.
+**Research misconduct:** Fabrication (making up data), Falsification (manipulating data), Plagiarism (taking credit for others' work). Career-ending and potentially criminal.
+**Publication bias:** Positive results more likely to be published. Contributes to replication crisis. Pre-registration helps.
+
+Sources: OpenStax Research Methods (CC-BY), Cochrane handbook (free, cochrane.org),
+Creswell Research Design (principles), APA Publication Manual (principles)

package/skills/science/sci-statistics/LICENSE

@@ -1,21 +1,21 @@
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+MIT License
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+Copyright (c) 2026 ORIRO.ai
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+Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy
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+in the Software without restriction, including without limitation the rights
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+copies of the Software, and to permit persons to whom the Software is
+furnished to do so, subject to the following conditions:
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+The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included in all
+copies or substantial portions of the Software.
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