gosu 0.7.16 → 0.7.17
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- data/Gosu/Version.hpp +2 -2
- data/GosuImpl/AudioFmod.cpp +7 -1
- data/GosuImpl/RubyGosuStub.mm +4 -1
- data/GosuImpl/RubyGosu_wrap.cxx +2 -2
- data/GosuImpl/TimingUnix.cpp +4 -1
- data/GosuImpl/TimingWin.cpp +31 -28
- data/GosuImpl/WindowWin.cpp +4 -0
- data/Rakefile +12 -18
- data/examples/ChipmunkIntegration.rb +1 -1
- data/examples/OpenGLIntegration.rb +1 -1
- data/examples/RMagickIntegration.rb +1 -1
- data/examples/Tutorial.cpp +2 -2
- data/examples/Tutorial.rb +1 -1
- data/lib/gosu/patches.rb +2 -2
- data/reference/cpp/_version_8hpp.html +4 -4
- data/reference/cpp/_version_8hpp_source.html +2 -2
- data/reference/rdoc/classes/Gosu.html +10 -10
- data/reference/rdoc/classes/Gosu/Color.html +3 -3
- data/reference/rdoc/classes/Gosu/Font.html +5 -5
- data/reference/rdoc/classes/Gosu/Image.html +9 -9
- data/reference/rdoc/classes/Gosu/Sample.html +3 -3
- data/reference/rdoc/classes/Gosu/SampleInstance.html +5 -5
- data/reference/rdoc/classes/Gosu/Song.html +7 -7
- data/reference/rdoc/classes/Gosu/TextInput.html +1 -1
- data/reference/rdoc/classes/Gosu/Window.html +17 -17
- data/reference/rdoc/classes/Numeric.html +2 -2
- data/reference/rdoc/created.rid +1 -1
- metadata +2 -912
- data/dependencies/libogg/AUTHORS +0 -4
- data/dependencies/libogg/CHANGES +0 -33
- data/dependencies/libogg/COPYING +0 -28
- data/dependencies/libogg/Makefile.am +0 -32
- data/dependencies/libogg/Makefile.in +0 -713
- data/dependencies/libogg/README +0 -103
- data/dependencies/libogg/aclocal.m4 +0 -6807
- data/dependencies/libogg/compile +0 -142
- data/dependencies/libogg/config.guess +0 -1465
- data/dependencies/libogg/config.h.in +0 -70
- data/dependencies/libogg/config.sub +0 -1569
- data/dependencies/libogg/configure +0 -23018
- data/dependencies/libogg/configure.in +0 -301
- data/dependencies/libogg/debian/changelog +0 -68
- data/dependencies/libogg/debian/control +0 -22
- data/dependencies/libogg/debian/copyright +0 -37
- data/dependencies/libogg/debian/libogg-dev.docs +0 -1
- data/dependencies/libogg/debian/libogg-dev.install +0 -8
- data/dependencies/libogg/debian/libogg0.README.Debian +0 -6
- data/dependencies/libogg/debian/libogg0.install +0 -1
- data/dependencies/libogg/debian/rules +0 -154
- data/dependencies/libogg/debian/watch +0 -3
- data/dependencies/libogg/depcomp +0 -529
- data/dependencies/libogg/doc/Makefile.am +0 -11
- data/dependencies/libogg/doc/Makefile.in +0 -518
- data/dependencies/libogg/doc/framing.html +0 -431
- data/dependencies/libogg/doc/index.html +0 -104
- data/dependencies/libogg/doc/libogg/Makefile.am +0 -28
- data/dependencies/libogg/doc/libogg/Makefile.in +0 -378
- data/dependencies/libogg/doc/libogg/bitpacking.html +0 -99
- data/dependencies/libogg/doc/libogg/datastructures.html +0 -59
- data/dependencies/libogg/doc/libogg/decoding.html +0 -100
- data/dependencies/libogg/doc/libogg/encoding.html +0 -64
- data/dependencies/libogg/doc/libogg/general.html +0 -105
- data/dependencies/libogg/doc/libogg/index.html +0 -39
- data/dependencies/libogg/doc/libogg/ogg_packet.html +0 -75
- data/dependencies/libogg/doc/libogg/ogg_packet_clear.html +0 -62
- data/dependencies/libogg/doc/libogg/ogg_page.html +0 -74
- data/dependencies/libogg/doc/libogg/ogg_page_bos.html +0 -65
- data/dependencies/libogg/doc/libogg/ogg_page_checksum_set.html +0 -62
- data/dependencies/libogg/doc/libogg/ogg_page_continued.html +0 -64
- data/dependencies/libogg/doc/libogg/ogg_page_eos.html +0 -65
- data/dependencies/libogg/doc/libogg/ogg_page_granulepos.html +0 -65
- data/dependencies/libogg/doc/libogg/ogg_page_packets.html +0 -75
- data/dependencies/libogg/doc/libogg/ogg_page_pageno.html +0 -63
- data/dependencies/libogg/doc/libogg/ogg_page_serialno.html +0 -63
- data/dependencies/libogg/doc/libogg/ogg_page_version.html +0 -63
- data/dependencies/libogg/doc/libogg/ogg_stream_clear.html +0 -61
- data/dependencies/libogg/doc/libogg/ogg_stream_destroy.html +0 -62
- data/dependencies/libogg/doc/libogg/ogg_stream_eos.html +0 -62
- data/dependencies/libogg/doc/libogg/ogg_stream_flush.html +0 -67
- data/dependencies/libogg/doc/libogg/ogg_stream_init.html +0 -66
- data/dependencies/libogg/doc/libogg/ogg_stream_packetin.html +0 -65
- data/dependencies/libogg/doc/libogg/ogg_stream_packetout.html +0 -71
- data/dependencies/libogg/doc/libogg/ogg_stream_packetpeek.html +0 -85
- data/dependencies/libogg/doc/libogg/ogg_stream_pagein.html +0 -67
- data/dependencies/libogg/doc/libogg/ogg_stream_pageout.html +0 -66
- data/dependencies/libogg/doc/libogg/ogg_stream_reset.html +0 -61
- data/dependencies/libogg/doc/libogg/ogg_stream_reset_serialno.html +0 -67
- data/dependencies/libogg/doc/libogg/ogg_stream_state.html +0 -121
- data/dependencies/libogg/doc/libogg/ogg_sync_buffer.html +0 -67
- data/dependencies/libogg/doc/libogg/ogg_sync_clear.html +0 -62
- data/dependencies/libogg/doc/libogg/ogg_sync_destroy.html +0 -62
- data/dependencies/libogg/doc/libogg/ogg_sync_init.html +0 -63
- data/dependencies/libogg/doc/libogg/ogg_sync_pageout.html +0 -79
- data/dependencies/libogg/doc/libogg/ogg_sync_pageseek.html +0 -68
- data/dependencies/libogg/doc/libogg/ogg_sync_reset.html +0 -63
- data/dependencies/libogg/doc/libogg/ogg_sync_state.html +0 -67
- data/dependencies/libogg/doc/libogg/ogg_sync_wrote.html +0 -73
- data/dependencies/libogg/doc/libogg/oggpack_adv.html +0 -64
- data/dependencies/libogg/doc/libogg/oggpack_adv1.html +0 -62
- data/dependencies/libogg/doc/libogg/oggpack_bits.html +0 -62
- data/dependencies/libogg/doc/libogg/oggpack_buffer.html +0 -66
- data/dependencies/libogg/doc/libogg/oggpack_bytes.html +0 -62
- data/dependencies/libogg/doc/libogg/oggpack_get_buffer.html +0 -62
- data/dependencies/libogg/doc/libogg/oggpack_look.html +0 -66
- data/dependencies/libogg/doc/libogg/oggpack_look1.html +0 -63
- data/dependencies/libogg/doc/libogg/oggpack_read.html +0 -65
- data/dependencies/libogg/doc/libogg/oggpack_read1.html +0 -63
- data/dependencies/libogg/doc/libogg/oggpack_readinit.html +0 -64
- data/dependencies/libogg/doc/libogg/oggpack_reset.html +0 -62
- data/dependencies/libogg/doc/libogg/oggpack_write.html +0 -68
- data/dependencies/libogg/doc/libogg/oggpack_writealign.html +0 -65
- data/dependencies/libogg/doc/libogg/oggpack_writeclear.html +0 -62
- data/dependencies/libogg/doc/libogg/oggpack_writecopy.html +0 -69
- data/dependencies/libogg/doc/libogg/oggpack_writeinit.html +0 -62
- data/dependencies/libogg/doc/libogg/oggpack_writetrunc.html +0 -65
- data/dependencies/libogg/doc/libogg/overview.html +0 -44
- data/dependencies/libogg/doc/libogg/reference.html +0 -93
- data/dependencies/libogg/doc/libogg/style.css +0 -7
- data/dependencies/libogg/doc/libogg/vorbis_comment.html +0 -70
- data/dependencies/libogg/doc/libogg/vorbis_info.html +0 -80
- data/dependencies/libogg/doc/ogg-multiplex.html +0 -445
- data/dependencies/libogg/doc/oggstream.html +0 -234
- data/dependencies/libogg/doc/rfc3533.txt +0 -843
- data/dependencies/libogg/doc/rfc3534.txt +0 -339
- data/dependencies/libogg/doc/stream.png +0 -0
- data/dependencies/libogg/doc/vorbisword2.png +0 -0
- data/dependencies/libogg/doc/white-ogg.png +0 -0
- data/dependencies/libogg/doc/white-xifish.png +0 -0
- data/dependencies/libogg/include/Makefile.am +0 -3
- data/dependencies/libogg/include/Makefile.in +0 -481
- data/dependencies/libogg/include/ogg/Makefile.am +0 -6
- data/dependencies/libogg/include/ogg/Makefile.in +0 -428
- data/dependencies/libogg/include/ogg/config_types.h.in +0 -11
- data/dependencies/libogg/include/ogg/ogg.h +0 -202
- data/dependencies/libogg/include/ogg/os_types.h +0 -127
- data/dependencies/libogg/install-sh +0 -323
- data/dependencies/libogg/libogg.spec +0 -106
- data/dependencies/libogg/libogg.spec.in +0 -106
- data/dependencies/libogg/ltmain.sh +0 -6426
- data/dependencies/libogg/macos/compat/strdup.c +0 -21
- data/dependencies/libogg/macos/compat/sys/types.h +0 -1
- data/dependencies/libogg/macos/libogg.mcp +0 -0
- data/dependencies/libogg/macos/libogg.mcp.exp +0 -64
- data/dependencies/libogg/macosx/English.lproj/InfoPlist.strings +0 -0
- data/dependencies/libogg/macosx/Info.plist +0 -30
- data/dependencies/libogg/macosx/Ogg.xcodeproj/project.pbxproj +0 -303
- data/dependencies/libogg/macosx/Ogg_Prefix.pch +0 -5
- data/dependencies/libogg/missing +0 -357
- data/dependencies/libogg/ogg-uninstalled.pc.in +0 -14
- data/dependencies/libogg/ogg.m4 +0 -102
- data/dependencies/libogg/ogg.pc.in +0 -14
- data/dependencies/libogg/src/Makefile.am +0 -28
- data/dependencies/libogg/src/Makefile.in +0 -536
- data/dependencies/libogg/src/bitwise.c +0 -784
- data/dependencies/libogg/src/framing.c +0 -1800
- data/dependencies/libogg/win32/Makefile.am +0 -5
- data/dependencies/libogg/win32/Makefile.in +0 -327
- data/dependencies/libogg/win32/build_ogg_dynamic.bat +0 -18
- data/dependencies/libogg/win32/build_ogg_dynamic_debug.bat +0 -18
- data/dependencies/libogg/win32/build_ogg_static.bat +0 -18
- data/dependencies/libogg/win32/build_ogg_static_debug.bat +0 -18
- data/dependencies/libogg/win32/ogg.def +0 -78
- data/dependencies/libogg/win32/ogg.dsw +0 -41
- data/dependencies/libogg/win32/ogg_dynamic.dsp +0 -128
- data/dependencies/libogg/win32/ogg_static.dsp +0 -108
- data/dependencies/libpng/ANNOUNCE +0 -61
- data/dependencies/libpng/CHANGES +0 -2173
- data/dependencies/libpng/INSTALL +0 -199
- data/dependencies/libpng/KNOWNBUG +0 -22
- data/dependencies/libpng/LICENSE +0 -109
- data/dependencies/libpng/README +0 -264
- data/dependencies/libpng/TODO +0 -24
- data/dependencies/libpng/Y2KINFO +0 -55
- data/dependencies/libpng/configure +0 -13
- data/dependencies/libpng/contrib/gregbook/COPYING +0 -340
- data/dependencies/libpng/contrib/gregbook/LICENSE +0 -50
- data/dependencies/libpng/contrib/gregbook/Makefile.mingw32 +0 -130
- data/dependencies/libpng/contrib/gregbook/Makefile.sgi +0 -104
- data/dependencies/libpng/contrib/gregbook/Makefile.unx +0 -132
- data/dependencies/libpng/contrib/gregbook/Makefile.w32 +0 -113
- data/dependencies/libpng/contrib/gregbook/README +0 -186
- data/dependencies/libpng/contrib/gregbook/makevms.com +0 -132
- data/dependencies/libpng/contrib/gregbook/readpng.c +0 -304
- data/dependencies/libpng/contrib/gregbook/readpng.h +0 -88
- data/dependencies/libpng/contrib/gregbook/readpng2.c +0 -645
- data/dependencies/libpng/contrib/gregbook/readpng2.h +0 -121
- data/dependencies/libpng/contrib/gregbook/readppm.c +0 -179
- data/dependencies/libpng/contrib/gregbook/rpng-win.c +0 -684
- data/dependencies/libpng/contrib/gregbook/rpng-x.c +0 -904
- data/dependencies/libpng/contrib/gregbook/rpng2-win.c +0 -1225
- data/dependencies/libpng/contrib/gregbook/rpng2-x.c +0 -2127
- data/dependencies/libpng/contrib/gregbook/toucan.png +0 -0
- data/dependencies/libpng/contrib/gregbook/wpng.c +0 -853
- data/dependencies/libpng/contrib/gregbook/writepng.c +0 -392
- data/dependencies/libpng/contrib/gregbook/writepng.h +0 -133
- data/dependencies/libpng/contrib/pngminim/decoder/README +0 -6
- data/dependencies/libpng/contrib/pngminim/decoder/gather.sh +0 -8
- data/dependencies/libpng/contrib/pngminim/decoder/makefile.std +0 -44
- data/dependencies/libpng/contrib/pngminim/decoder/pngusr.h +0 -67
- data/dependencies/libpng/contrib/pngminim/encoder/README +0 -6
- data/dependencies/libpng/contrib/pngminim/encoder/dummy_inflate.c +0 -27
- data/dependencies/libpng/contrib/pngminim/encoder/gather.sh +0 -9
- data/dependencies/libpng/contrib/pngminim/encoder/makefile.std +0 -43
- data/dependencies/libpng/contrib/pngminim/encoder/pngusr.h +0 -66
- data/dependencies/libpng/contrib/pngminus/README +0 -153
- data/dependencies/libpng/contrib/pngminus/makefile.std +0 -65
- data/dependencies/libpng/contrib/pngminus/makefile.tc3 +0 -38
- data/dependencies/libpng/contrib/pngminus/makevms.com +0 -92
- data/dependencies/libpng/contrib/pngminus/png2pnm.bat +0 -41
- data/dependencies/libpng/contrib/pngminus/png2pnm.c +0 -430
- data/dependencies/libpng/contrib/pngminus/png2pnm.sh +0 -42
- data/dependencies/libpng/contrib/pngminus/pngminus.bat +0 -4
- data/dependencies/libpng/contrib/pngminus/pngminus.sh +0 -5
- data/dependencies/libpng/contrib/pngminus/pnm2png.bat +0 -41
- data/dependencies/libpng/contrib/pngminus/pnm2png.c +0 -533
- data/dependencies/libpng/contrib/pngminus/pnm2png.sh +0 -42
- data/dependencies/libpng/contrib/pngsuite/basn0g01.png +0 -0
- data/dependencies/libpng/contrib/pngsuite/basn0g02.png +0 -0
- data/dependencies/libpng/contrib/pngsuite/basn0g04.png +0 -0
- data/dependencies/libpng/contrib/pngsuite/basn0g08.png +0 -0
- data/dependencies/libpng/contrib/pngsuite/basn0g16.png +0 -0
- data/dependencies/libpng/contrib/pngsuite/basn2c08.png +0 -0
- data/dependencies/libpng/contrib/pngsuite/basn2c16.png +0 -0
- data/dependencies/libpng/contrib/pngsuite/basn3p01.png +0 -0
- data/dependencies/libpng/contrib/pngsuite/basn3p02.png +0 -0
- data/dependencies/libpng/contrib/pngsuite/basn3p04.png +0 -0
- data/dependencies/libpng/contrib/pngsuite/basn3p08.png +0 -0
- data/dependencies/libpng/contrib/pngsuite/basn4a08.png +0 -0
- data/dependencies/libpng/contrib/pngsuite/basn4a16.png +0 -0
- data/dependencies/libpng/contrib/pngsuite/basn6a08.png +0 -0
- data/dependencies/libpng/contrib/pngsuite/basn6a16.png +0 -0
- data/dependencies/libpng/contrib/visupng/PngFile.c +0 -439
- data/dependencies/libpng/contrib/visupng/PngFile.h +0 -27
- data/dependencies/libpng/contrib/visupng/README.txt +0 -58
- data/dependencies/libpng/contrib/visupng/VisualPng.c +0 -961
- data/dependencies/libpng/contrib/visupng/VisualPng.dsp +0 -147
- data/dependencies/libpng/contrib/visupng/VisualPng.dsw +0 -29
- data/dependencies/libpng/contrib/visupng/VisualPng.ico +0 -0
- data/dependencies/libpng/contrib/visupng/VisualPng.png +0 -0
- data/dependencies/libpng/contrib/visupng/VisualPng.rc +0 -152
- data/dependencies/libpng/contrib/visupng/cexcept.h +0 -243
- data/dependencies/libpng/contrib/visupng/resource.h +0 -23
- data/dependencies/libpng/example.c +0 -814
- data/dependencies/libpng/libpng-1.2.29.txt +0 -2906
- data/dependencies/libpng/libpng.3 +0 -3680
- data/dependencies/libpng/libpngpf.3 +0 -274
- data/dependencies/libpng/png.5 +0 -74
- data/dependencies/libpng/png.c +0 -798
- data/dependencies/libpng/png.h +0 -3569
- data/dependencies/libpng/pngbar.jpg +0 -0
- data/dependencies/libpng/pngbar.png +0 -0
- data/dependencies/libpng/pngconf.h +0 -1481
- data/dependencies/libpng/pngerror.c +0 -343
- data/dependencies/libpng/pnggccrd.c +0 -103
- data/dependencies/libpng/pngget.c +0 -901
- data/dependencies/libpng/pngmem.c +0 -608
- data/dependencies/libpng/pngnow.png +0 -0
- data/dependencies/libpng/pngpread.c +0 -1598
- data/dependencies/libpng/pngread.c +0 -1479
- data/dependencies/libpng/pngrio.c +0 -167
- data/dependencies/libpng/pngrtran.c +0 -4292
- data/dependencies/libpng/pngrutil.c +0 -3183
- data/dependencies/libpng/pngset.c +0 -1268
- data/dependencies/libpng/pngtest.c +0 -1563
- data/dependencies/libpng/pngtest.png +0 -0
- data/dependencies/libpng/pngtrans.c +0 -662
- data/dependencies/libpng/pngvcrd.c +0 -1
- data/dependencies/libpng/pngwio.c +0 -234
- data/dependencies/libpng/pngwrite.c +0 -1532
- data/dependencies/libpng/pngwtran.c +0 -572
- data/dependencies/libpng/pngwutil.c +0 -2802
- data/dependencies/libpng/projects/beos/x86-shared.proj +0 -0
- data/dependencies/libpng/projects/beos/x86-shared.txt +0 -22
- data/dependencies/libpng/projects/beos/x86-static.proj +0 -0
- data/dependencies/libpng/projects/beos/x86-static.txt +0 -22
- data/dependencies/libpng/projects/cbuilder5/libpng.bpf +0 -22
- data/dependencies/libpng/projects/cbuilder5/libpng.bpg +0 -25
- data/dependencies/libpng/projects/cbuilder5/libpng.bpr +0 -157
- data/dependencies/libpng/projects/cbuilder5/libpng.cpp +0 -29
- data/dependencies/libpng/projects/cbuilder5/libpng.readme.txt +0 -25
- data/dependencies/libpng/projects/cbuilder5/libpngstat.bpf +0 -22
- data/dependencies/libpng/projects/cbuilder5/libpngstat.bpr +0 -109
- data/dependencies/libpng/projects/cbuilder5/zlib.readme.txt +0 -14
- data/dependencies/libpng/projects/netware.txt +0 -6
- data/dependencies/libpng/projects/visualc6/README.txt +0 -57
- data/dependencies/libpng/projects/visualc6/libpng.dsp +0 -472
- data/dependencies/libpng/projects/visualc6/libpng.dsw +0 -59
- data/dependencies/libpng/projects/visualc6/pngtest.dsp +0 -314
- data/dependencies/libpng/projects/visualc71/PRJ0041.mak +0 -21
- data/dependencies/libpng/projects/visualc71/README.txt +0 -57
- data/dependencies/libpng/projects/visualc71/README_zlib.txt +0 -44
- data/dependencies/libpng/projects/visualc71/libpng.sln +0 -88
- data/dependencies/libpng/projects/visualc71/libpng.vcproj +0 -702
- data/dependencies/libpng/projects/visualc71/pngtest.vcproj +0 -459
- data/dependencies/libpng/projects/visualc71/zlib.vcproj +0 -670
- data/dependencies/libpng/projects/wince.txt +0 -6
- data/dependencies/libpng/scripts/CMakeLists.txt +0 -210
- data/dependencies/libpng/scripts/SCOPTIONS.ppc +0 -7
- data/dependencies/libpng/scripts/descrip.mms +0 -52
- data/dependencies/libpng/scripts/libpng-config-body.in +0 -96
- data/dependencies/libpng/scripts/libpng-config-head.in +0 -21
- data/dependencies/libpng/scripts/libpng-config.in +0 -124
- data/dependencies/libpng/scripts/libpng.icc +0 -44
- data/dependencies/libpng/scripts/libpng.pc-configure.in +0 -10
- data/dependencies/libpng/scripts/libpng.pc.in +0 -10
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- data/dependencies/libpng/scripts/makefile.beos +0 -226
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- data/dependencies/libpng/scripts/makefile.netbsd +0 -45
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- data/dependencies/libpng/scripts/makefile.openbsd +0 -73
- data/dependencies/libpng/scripts/makefile.os2 +0 -69
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- data/dependencies/libpng/scripts/makefile.std +0 -92
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- data/dependencies/libpng/scripts/makevms.com +0 -144
- data/dependencies/libpng/scripts/pngos2.def +0 -257
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- data/dependencies/libpng/scripts/smakefile.ppc +0 -30
- data/dependencies/libvorbis/AUTHORS +0 -3
- data/dependencies/libvorbis/CHANGES +0 -48
- data/dependencies/libvorbis/COPYING +0 -28
- data/dependencies/libvorbis/Makefile.am +0 -41
- data/dependencies/libvorbis/Makefile.in +0 -759
- data/dependencies/libvorbis/README +0 -132
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<dd>Unlimited user comment array. The individual strings in the array are 8 bit clean, by the Vorbis specification, and as such the <tt>comment_lengths</tt> array should be consulted to determine string length. For convenience, each string is also NULL-terminated by the decode library (although Vorbis comments are not NULL terminated within the bitstream itself).</dd>
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<h1>vorbis_info</h1>
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The vorbis_info structure contains basic information about the audio in a vorbis bitstream.
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<pre><b>typedef struct vorbis_info{
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int version;
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int channels;
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long rate;
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long bitrate_upper;
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long bitrate_nominal;
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long bitrate_lower;
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long bitrate_window;
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<h3>Relevant Struct Members</h3>
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<dl>
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<dt><i>version</i></dt>
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<dd>Vorbis encoder version used to create this bitstream.</dd>
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<dt><i>channels</i></dt>
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<dd>Int signifying number of channels in bitstream.</dd>
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<dd>Sampling rate of the bitstream.</dd>
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<dd>Specifies the upper limit in a VBR bitstream. If the value matches the bitrate_nominal and bitrate_lower parameters, the stream is fixed bitrate. May be unset if no limit exists.</dd>
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<dt><i>bitrate_nominal</i></dt>
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<dd>Specifies the average bitrate for a VBR bitstream. May be unset. If the bitrate_upper and bitrate_lower parameters match, the stream is fixed bitrate.</dd>
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<dt><i>bitrate_lower</i></dt>
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<dd>Specifies the lower limit in a VBR bitstream. If the value matches the bitrate_nominal and bitrate_upper parameters, the stream is fixed bitrate. May be unset if no limit exists.</dd>
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<dt><i>bitrate_window</i></dt>
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<dd>Currently unset.</dd>
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<dt><i>codec_setup</i></dt>
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<dd>Internal structure that contains the detailed/unpacked configuration for decoding the current Vorbis bitstream.</dd>
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<h1>vorbisfile_example.c</h1>
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The example program source:
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<pre><b>
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#include <stdio.h>
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#endif
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char pcmout[4096];
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int main(int argc, char **argv){
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OggVorbis_File vf;
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int current_section;
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#ifdef _WIN32
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_setmode( _fileno( stdin ), _O_BINARY );
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_setmode( _fileno( stdout ), _O_BINARY );
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#endif
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if(ov_open_callbacks(stdin, &vf, NULL, 0, OV_CALLBACKS_NOCLOSE) < 0) {
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|
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fprintf(stderr,"Input does not appear to be an Ogg bitstream.\n");
|
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exit(1);
|
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}
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{
|
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char **ptr=ov_comment(&vf,-1)->user_comments;
|
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|
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vorbis_info *vi=ov_info(&vf,-1);
|
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|
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while(*ptr){
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|
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|
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fprintf(stderr,"\nBitstream is %d channel, %ldHz\n",vi->channels,vi->rate);
|
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fprintf(stderr,"Encoded by: %s\n\n",ov_comment(&vf,-1)->vendor);
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}
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while(!eof){
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long ret=ov_read(&vf,pcmout,sizeof(pcmout),0,2,1,¤t_section);
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if (ret == 0) {
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/* EOF */
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eof=1;
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} else if (ret < 0) {
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|
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/* error in the stream. Not a problem, just reporting it in
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case we (the app) cares. In this case, we don't. */
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} else {
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|
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/* we don't bother dealing with sample rate changes, etc, but
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you'll have to */
|
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|
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}
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ov_clear(&vf);
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fprintf(stderr,"Done.\n");
|
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return(0);
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}
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</b></pre>
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<td align=right><p class=tiny><a href="http://www.xiph.org/ogg/vorbis/index.html">Ogg Vorbis</a><br><a href="mailto:team@vorbis.org">team@vorbis.org</a></p></td>
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</tr><tr>
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<td align=right><p class=tiny>vorbisfile version 1.2.0 - 20070723</p></td>
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<?xml version="1.0" standalone="no"?>
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<!DOCTYPE section PUBLIC "-//OASIS//DTD DocBook XML V4.2//EN"
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"http://www.oasis-open.org/docbook/xml/4.2/docbookx.dtd" [
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<section id="vorbis-spec-intro">
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|
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<sectioninfo>
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<releaseinfo>
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|
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$Id: 01-introduction.xml 7186 2004-07-20 07:19:25Z xiphmont $
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</releaseinfo>
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</sectioninfo>
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<title>Introduction and Description</title>
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<section>
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<title>Overview</title>
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<para>
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This document provides a high level description of the Vorbis codec's
|
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|
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construction. A bit-by-bit specification appears beginning in
|
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|
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<xref linkend="vorbis-spec-codec"/>.
|
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|
-
The later sections assume a high-level
|
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|
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understanding of the Vorbis decode process, which is
|
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|
-
provided here.</para>
|
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|
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<section>
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|
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<title>Application</title>
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|
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<para>
|
|
29
|
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Vorbis is a general purpose perceptual audio CODEC intended to allow
|
|
30
|
-
maximum encoder flexibility, thus allowing it to scale competitively
|
|
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|
-
over an exceptionally wide range of bitrates. At the high
|
|
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|
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quality/bitrate end of the scale (CD or DAT rate stereo, 16/24 bits)
|
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|
-
it is in the same league as MPEG-2 and MPC. Similarly, the 1.0
|
|
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|
-
encoder can encode high-quality CD and DAT rate stereo at below 48kbps
|
|
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|
-
without resampling to a lower rate. Vorbis is also intended for
|
|
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|
-
lower and higher sample rates (from 8kHz telephony to 192kHz digital
|
|
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|
-
masters) and a range of channel representations (monaural,
|
|
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|
-
polyphonic, stereo, quadraphonic, 5.1, ambisonic, or up to 255
|
|
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|
-
discrete channels).
|
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|
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</para>
|
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|
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</section>
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|
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|
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<section>
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|
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<title>Classification</title>
|
|
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|
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<para>
|
|
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|
-
Vorbis I is a forward-adaptive monolithic transform CODEC based on the
|
|
47
|
-
Modified Discrete Cosine Transform. The codec is structured to allow
|
|
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|
-
addition of a hybrid wavelet filterbank in Vorbis II to offer better
|
|
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|
-
transient response and reproduction using a transform better suited to
|
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|
-
localized time events.
|
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|
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</para>
|
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|
-
</section>
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|
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|
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<section>
|
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|
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<title>Assumptions</title>
|
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|
-
|
|
57
|
-
<para>
|
|
58
|
-
The Vorbis CODEC design assumes a complex, psychoacoustically-aware
|
|
59
|
-
encoder and simple, low-complexity decoder. Vorbis decode is
|
|
60
|
-
computationally simpler than mp3, although it does require more
|
|
61
|
-
working memory as Vorbis has no static probability model; the vector
|
|
62
|
-
codebooks used in the first stage of decoding from the bitstream are
|
|
63
|
-
packed in their entirety into the Vorbis bitstream headers. In
|
|
64
|
-
packed form, these codebooks occupy only a few kilobytes; the extent
|
|
65
|
-
to which they are pre-decoded into a cache is the dominant factor in
|
|
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|
-
decoder memory usage.
|
|
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|
-
</para>
|
|
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|
-
|
|
69
|
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<para>
|
|
70
|
-
Vorbis provides none of its own framing, synchronization or protection
|
|
71
|
-
against errors; it is solely a method of accepting input audio,
|
|
72
|
-
dividing it into individual frames and compressing these frames into
|
|
73
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raw, unformatted 'packets'. The decoder then accepts these raw
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packets in sequence, decodes them, synthesizes audio frames from
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them, and reassembles the frames into a facsimile of the original
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audio stream. Vorbis is a free-form variable bit rate (VBR) codec and packets have no
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minimum size, maximum size, or fixed/expected size. Packets
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are designed that they may be truncated (or padded) and remain
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decodable; this is not to be considered an error condition and is used
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extensively in bitrate management in peeling. Both the transport
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mechanism and decoder must allow that a packet may be any size, or
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end before or after packet decode expects.</para>
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<para>
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Vorbis packets are thus intended to be used with a transport mechanism
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that provides free-form framing, sync, positioning and error correction
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in accordance with these design assumptions, such as Ogg (for file
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transport) or RTP (for network multicast). For purposes of a few
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examples in this document, we will assume that Vorbis is to be
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embedded in an Ogg stream specifically, although this is by no means a
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requirement or fundamental assumption in the Vorbis design.</para>
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<para>
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The specification for embedding Vorbis into
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an Ogg transport stream is in <xref linkend="vorbis-over-ogg"/>.
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<title>Codec Setup and Probability Model</title>
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<para>
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Vorbis' heritage is as a research CODEC and its current design
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reflects a desire to allow multiple decades of continuous encoder
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improvement before running out of room within the codec specification.
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For these reasons, configurable aspects of codec setup intentionally
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lean toward the extreme of forward adaptive.</para>
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<para>
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The single most controversial design decision in Vorbis (and the most
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unusual for a Vorbis developer to keep in mind) is that the entire
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probability model of the codec, the Huffman and VQ codebooks, is
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packed into the bitstream header along with extensive CODEC setup
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parameters (often several hundred fields). This makes it impossible,
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as it would be with MPEG audio layers, to embed a simple frame type
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flag in each audio packet, or begin decode at any frame in the stream
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without having previously fetched the codec setup header.
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</para>
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<note><para>
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Vorbis <emphasis>can</emphasis> initiate decode at any arbitrary packet within a
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bitstream so long as the codec has been initialized/setup with the
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setup headers.</para></note>
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<para>
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Thus, Vorbis headers are both required for decode to begin and
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relatively large as bitstream headers go. The header size is
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unbounded, although for streaming a rule-of-thumb of 4kB or less is
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recommended (and Xiph.Org's Vorbis encoder follows this suggestion).</para>
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<para>
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Our own design work indicates the primary liability of the
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required header is in mindshare; it is an unusual design and thus
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causes some amount of complaint among engineers as this runs against
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current design trends (and also points out limitations in some
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existing software/interface designs, such as Windows' ACM codec
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framework). However, we find that it does not fundamentally limit
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Vorbis' suitable application space.</para>
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</section>
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<section><title>Format Specification</title>
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<para>
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The Vorbis format is well-defined by its decode specification; any
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encoder that produces packets that are correctly decoded by the
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reference Vorbis decoder described below may be considered a proper
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Vorbis encoder. A decoder must faithfully and completely implement
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the specification defined below (except where noted) to be considered
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a proper Vorbis decoder.</para>
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</section>
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<section><title>Hardware Profile</title>
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<para>
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Although Vorbis decode is computationally simple, it may still run
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into specific limitations of an embedded design. For this reason,
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embedded designs are allowed to deviate in limited ways from the
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'full' decode specification yet still be certified compliant. These
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optional omissions are labelled in the spec where relevant.</para>
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</section>
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</section>
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<section>
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<title>Decoder Configuration</title>
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<para>
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Decoder setup consists of configuration of multiple, self-contained
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component abstractions that perform specific functions in the decode
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pipeline. Each different component instance of a specific type is
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semantically interchangeable; decoder configuration consists both of
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internal component configuration, as well as arrangement of specific
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instances into a decode pipeline. Componentry arrangement is roughly
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as follows:</para>
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<mediaobject>
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<imageobject>
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<imagedata fileref="components.png" format="PNG"/>
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</imageobject>
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<textobject>
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<phrase>decoder pipeline configuration</phrase>
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</textobject>
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</mediaobject>
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<section><title>Global Config</title>
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<para>
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Global codec configuration consists of a few audio related fields
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(sample rate, channels), Vorbis version (always '0' in Vorbis I),
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bitrate hints, and the lists of component instances. All other
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configuration is in the context of specific components.</para>
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</section>
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<section><title>Mode</title>
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<para>
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Each Vorbis frame is coded according to a master 'mode'. A bitstream
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may use one or many modes.</para>
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<para>
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The mode mechanism is used to encode a frame according to one of
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multiple possible methods with the intention of choosing a method best
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suited to that frame. Different modes are, e.g. how frame size
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is changed from frame to frame. The mode number of a frame serves as a
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top level configuration switch for all other specific aspects of frame
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decode.</para>
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<para>
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A 'mode' configuration consists of a frame size setting, window type
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(always 0, the Vorbis window, in Vorbis I), transform type (always
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type 0, the MDCT, in Vorbis I) and a mapping number. The mapping
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number specifies which mapping configuration instance to use for
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low-level packet decode and synthesis.</para>
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</section>
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<section><title>Mapping</title>
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<para>
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A mapping contains a channel coupling description and a list of
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'submaps' that bundle sets of channel vectors together for grouped
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encoding and decoding. These submaps are not references to external
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components; the submap list is internal and specific to a mapping.</para>
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<para>
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A 'submap' is a configuration/grouping that applies to a subset of
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floor and residue vectors within a mapping. The submap functions as a
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last layer of indirection such that specific special floor or residue
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settings can be applied not only to all the vectors in a given mode,
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but also specific vectors in a specific mode. Each submap specifies
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the proper floor and residue instance number to use for decoding that
|
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submap's spectral floor and spectral residue vectors.</para>
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<para>
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As an example:</para>
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<para>
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Assume a Vorbis stream that contains six channels in the standard 5.1
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format. The sixth channel, as is normal in 5.1, is bass only.
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Therefore it would be wasteful to encode a full-spectrum version of it
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as with the other channels. The submapping mechanism can be used to
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apply a full range floor and residue encoding to channels 0 through 4,
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and a bass-only representation to the bass channel, thus saving space.
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In this example, channels 0-4 belong to submap 0 (which indicates use
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of a full-range floor) and channel 5 belongs to submap 1, which uses a
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bass-only representation.</para>
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</section>
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<section><title>Floor</title>
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<para>
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Vorbis encodes a spectral 'floor' vector for each PCM channel. This
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vector is a low-resolution representation of the audio spectrum for
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the given channel in the current frame, generally used akin to a
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whitening filter. It is named a 'floor' because the Xiph.Org
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reference encoder has historically used it as a unit-baseline for
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spectral resolution.</para>
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<para>
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A floor encoding may be of two types. Floor 0 uses a packed LSP
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representation on a dB amplitude scale and Bark frequency scale.
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Floor 1 represents the curve as a piecewise linear interpolated
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representation on a dB amplitude scale and linear frequency scale.
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The two floors are semantically interchangeable in
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encoding/decoding. However, floor type 1 provides more stable
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inter-frame behavior, and so is the preferred choice in all
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coupled-stereo and high bitrate modes. Floor 1 is also considerably
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less expensive to decode than floor 0.</para>
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<para>
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Floor 0 is not to be considered deprecated, but it is of limited
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modern use. No known Vorbis encoder past Xiph.org's own beta 4 makes
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use of floor 0.</para>
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<para>
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The values coded/decoded by a floor are both compactly formatted and
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make use of entropy coding to save space. For this reason, a floor
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configuration generally refers to multiple codebooks in the codebook
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component list. Entropy coding is thus provided as an abstraction,
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and each floor instance may choose from any and all available
|
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codebooks when coding/decoding.</para>
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</section>
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<section><title>Residue</title>
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<para>
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The spectral residue is the fine structure of the audio spectrum
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once the floor curve has been subtracted out. In simplest terms, it
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is coded in the bitstream using cascaded (multi-pass) vector
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quantization according to one of three specific packing/coding
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algorithms numbered 0 through 2. The packing algorithm details are
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configured by residue instance. As with the floor components, the
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final VQ/entropy encoding is provided by external codebook instances
|
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|
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and each residue instance may choose from any and all available
|
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codebooks.</para>
|
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</section>
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|
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|
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|
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<section><title>Codebooks</title>
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|
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|
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<para>
|
|
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|
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Codebooks are a self-contained abstraction that perform entropy
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|
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decoding and, optionally, use the entropy-decoded integer value as an
|
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offset into an index of output value vectors, returning the indicated
|
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|
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vector of values.</para>
|
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|
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|
|
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|
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<para>
|
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|
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The entropy coding in a Vorbis I codebook is provided by a standard
|
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Huffman binary tree representation. This tree is tightly packed using
|
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one of several methods, depending on whether codeword lengths are
|
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ordered or unordered, or the tree is sparse.</para>
|
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|
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<para>
|
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|
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The codebook vector index is similarly packed according to index
|
|
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characteristic. Most commonly, the vector index is encoded as a
|
|
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|
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single list of values of possible values that are then permuted into
|
|
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a list of n-dimensional rows (lattice VQ).</para>
|
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|
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|
|
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|
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</section>
|
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|
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|
|
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|
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</section>
|
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|
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|
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|
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|
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<section>
|
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<title>High-level Decode Process</title>
|
|
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|
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|
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<section>
|
|
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|
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<title>Decode Setup</title>
|
|
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|
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|
|
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|
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<para>
|
|
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|
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Before decoding can begin, a decoder must initialize using the
|
|
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|
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bitstream headers matching the stream to be decoded. Vorbis uses
|
|
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|
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three header packets; all are required, in-order, by this
|
|
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|
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specification. Once set up, decode may begin at any audio packet
|
|
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|
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belonging to the Vorbis stream. In Vorbis I, all packets after the
|
|
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|
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three initial headers are audio packets. </para>
|
|
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|
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|
|
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|
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<para>
|
|
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|
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The header packets are, in order, the identification
|
|
339
|
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header, the comments header, and the setup header.</para>
|
|
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|
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|
|
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|
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<section><title>Identification Header</title>
|
|
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|
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<para>
|
|
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|
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The identification header identifies the bitstream as Vorbis, Vorbis
|
|
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|
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version, and the simple audio characteristics of the stream such as
|
|
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|
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sample rate and number of channels.</para>
|
|
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|
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</section>
|
|
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|
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|
|
348
|
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<section><title>Comment Header</title>
|
|
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|
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<para>
|
|
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|
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The comment header includes user text comments ("tags") and a vendor
|
|
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|
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string for the application/library that produced the bitstream. The
|
|
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|
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encoding and proper use of the comment header is described in
|
|
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|
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<xref linkend="vorbis-spec-comment"/>.</para>
|
|
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|
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</section>
|
|
355
|
-
|
|
356
|
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<section><title>Setup Header</title>
|
|
357
|
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<para>
|
|
358
|
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The setup header includes extensive CODEC setup information as well as
|
|
359
|
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the complete VQ and Huffman codebooks needed for decode.</para>
|
|
360
|
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</section>
|
|
361
|
-
|
|
362
|
-
</section>
|
|
363
|
-
|
|
364
|
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<section><title>Decode Procedure</title>
|
|
365
|
-
|
|
366
|
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<highlights>
|
|
367
|
-
<para>
|
|
368
|
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The decoding and synthesis procedure for all audio packets is
|
|
369
|
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fundamentally the same.
|
|
370
|
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<orderedlist>
|
|
371
|
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<listitem><simpara>decode packet type flag</simpara></listitem>
|
|
372
|
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<listitem><simpara>decode mode number</simpara></listitem>
|
|
373
|
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<listitem><simpara>decode window shape (long windows only)</simpara></listitem>
|
|
374
|
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<listitem><simpara>decode floor</simpara></listitem>
|
|
375
|
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<listitem><simpara>decode residue into residue vectors</simpara></listitem>
|
|
376
|
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<listitem><simpara>inverse channel coupling of residue vectors</simpara></listitem>
|
|
377
|
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<listitem><simpara>generate floor curve from decoded floor data</simpara></listitem>
|
|
378
|
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<listitem><simpara>compute dot product of floor and residue, producing audio spectrum vector</simpara></listitem>
|
|
379
|
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<listitem><simpara>inverse monolithic transform of audio spectrum vector, always an MDCT in Vorbis I</simpara></listitem>
|
|
380
|
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<listitem><simpara>overlap/add left-hand output of transform with right-hand output of previous frame</simpara></listitem>
|
|
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|
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<listitem><simpara>store right hand-data from transform of current frame for future lapping</simpara></listitem>
|
|
382
|
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<listitem><simpara>if not first frame, return results of overlap/add as audio result of current frame</simpara></listitem>
|
|
383
|
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</orderedlist>
|
|
384
|
-
</para>
|
|
385
|
-
</highlights>
|
|
386
|
-
|
|
387
|
-
<para>
|
|
388
|
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Note that clever rearrangement of the synthesis arithmetic is
|
|
389
|
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possible; as an example, one can take advantage of symmetries in the
|
|
390
|
-
MDCT to store the right-hand transform data of a partial MDCT for a
|
|
391
|
-
50% inter-frame buffer space savings, and then complete the transform
|
|
392
|
-
later before overlap/add with the next frame. This optimization
|
|
393
|
-
produces entirely equivalent output and is naturally perfectly legal.
|
|
394
|
-
The decoder must be <emphasis>entirely mathematically equivalent</emphasis> to the
|
|
395
|
-
specification, it need not be a literal semantic implementation.</para>
|
|
396
|
-
|
|
397
|
-
<section><title>Packet type decode</title>
|
|
398
|
-
|
|
399
|
-
<para>
|
|
400
|
-
Vorbis I uses four packet types. The first three packet types mark each
|
|
401
|
-
of the three Vorbis headers described above. The fourth packet type
|
|
402
|
-
marks an audio packet. All other packet types are reserved; packets
|
|
403
|
-
marked with a reserved type should be ignored.</para>
|
|
404
|
-
|
|
405
|
-
<para>
|
|
406
|
-
Following the three header packets, all packets in a Vorbis I stream
|
|
407
|
-
are audio. The first step of audio packet decode is to read and
|
|
408
|
-
verify the packet type; <emphasis>a non-audio packet when audio is expected
|
|
409
|
-
indicates stream corruption or a non-compliant stream. The decoder
|
|
410
|
-
must ignore the packet and not attempt decoding it to
|
|
411
|
-
audio</emphasis>.</para>
|
|
412
|
-
|
|
413
|
-
</section>
|
|
414
|
-
|
|
415
|
-
|
|
416
|
-
<section><title>Mode decode</title>
|
|
417
|
-
<para>
|
|
418
|
-
Vorbis allows an encoder to set up multiple, numbered packet 'modes',
|
|
419
|
-
as described earlier, all of which may be used in a given Vorbis
|
|
420
|
-
stream. The mode is encoded as an integer used as a direct offset into
|
|
421
|
-
the mode instance index. </para>
|
|
422
|
-
</section>
|
|
423
|
-
|
|
424
|
-
<section id="vorbis-spec-window">
|
|
425
|
-
<title>Window shape decode (long windows only)</title>
|
|
426
|
-
|
|
427
|
-
<para>
|
|
428
|
-
Vorbis frames may be one of two PCM sample sizes specified during
|
|
429
|
-
codec setup. In Vorbis I, legal frame sizes are powers of two from 64
|
|
430
|
-
to 8192 samples. Aside from coupling, Vorbis handles channels as
|
|
431
|
-
independent vectors and these frame sizes are in samples per channel.</para>
|
|
432
|
-
|
|
433
|
-
<para>
|
|
434
|
-
Vorbis uses an overlapping transform, namely the MDCT, to blend one
|
|
435
|
-
frame into the next, avoiding most inter-frame block boundary
|
|
436
|
-
artifacts. The MDCT output of one frame is windowed according to MDCT
|
|
437
|
-
requirements, overlapped 50% with the output of the previous frame and
|
|
438
|
-
added. The window shape assures seamless reconstruction. </para>
|
|
439
|
-
|
|
440
|
-
<para>
|
|
441
|
-
This is easy to visualize in the case of equal sized-windows:</para>
|
|
442
|
-
|
|
443
|
-
<mediaobject>
|
|
444
|
-
<imageobject>
|
|
445
|
-
<imagedata fileref="window1.png" format="PNG"/>
|
|
446
|
-
</imageobject>
|
|
447
|
-
<textobject>
|
|
448
|
-
<phrase>overlap of two equal-sized windows</phrase>
|
|
449
|
-
</textobject>
|
|
450
|
-
</mediaobject>
|
|
451
|
-
|
|
452
|
-
<para>
|
|
453
|
-
And slightly more complex in the case of overlapping unequal sized
|
|
454
|
-
windows:</para>
|
|
455
|
-
|
|
456
|
-
<mediaobject>
|
|
457
|
-
<imageobject>
|
|
458
|
-
<imagedata fileref="window2.png" format="PNG"/>
|
|
459
|
-
</imageobject>
|
|
460
|
-
<textobject>
|
|
461
|
-
<phrase>overlap of a long and a short window</phrase>
|
|
462
|
-
</textobject>
|
|
463
|
-
</mediaobject>
|
|
464
|
-
|
|
465
|
-
<para>
|
|
466
|
-
In the unequal-sized window case, the window shape of the long window
|
|
467
|
-
must be modified for seamless lapping as above. It is possible to
|
|
468
|
-
correctly infer window shape to be applied to the current window from
|
|
469
|
-
knowing the sizes of the current, previous and next window. It is
|
|
470
|
-
legal for a decoder to use this method. However, in the case of a long
|
|
471
|
-
window (short windows require no modification), Vorbis also codes two
|
|
472
|
-
flag bits to specify pre- and post- window shape. Although not
|
|
473
|
-
strictly necessary for function, this minor redundancy allows a packet
|
|
474
|
-
to be fully decoded to the point of lapping entirely independently of
|
|
475
|
-
any other packet, allowing easier abstraction of decode layers as well
|
|
476
|
-
as allowing a greater level of easy parallelism in encode and
|
|
477
|
-
decode.</para>
|
|
478
|
-
|
|
479
|
-
<para>
|
|
480
|
-
A description of valid window functions for use with an inverse MDCT
|
|
481
|
-
can be found in the paper
|
|
482
|
-
<citetitle pubwork="article">
|
|
483
|
-
<ulink url="http://www.iocon.com/resource/docs/ps/eusipco_corrected.ps">
|
|
484
|
-
The use of multirate filter banks for coding of high quality digital
|
|
485
|
-
audio</ulink></citetitle>, by T. Sporer, K. Brandenburg and B. Edler. Vorbis windows
|
|
486
|
-
all use the slope function
|
|
487
|
-
<inlineequation>
|
|
488
|
-
|
|
489
|
-
<alt>y=sin(.5*PI*sin^2((x+.5)/n*pi))</alt>
|
|
490
|
-
<inlinemediaobject>
|
|
491
|
-
<textobject>
|
|
492
|
-
<phrase>$y = \sin(.5*\pi \, \sin^2((x+.5)/n*\pi))$</phrase>
|
|
493
|
-
</textobject>
|
|
494
|
-
</inlinemediaobject>
|
|
495
|
-
</inlineequation>.
|
|
496
|
-
</para>
|
|
497
|
-
|
|
498
|
-
</section>
|
|
499
|
-
|
|
500
|
-
<section><title>floor decode</title>
|
|
501
|
-
<para>
|
|
502
|
-
Each floor is encoded/decoded in channel order, however each floor
|
|
503
|
-
belongs to a 'submap' that specifies which floor configuration to
|
|
504
|
-
use. All floors are decoded before residue decode begins.</para>
|
|
505
|
-
</section>
|
|
506
|
-
|
|
507
|
-
<section><title>residue decode</title>
|
|
508
|
-
|
|
509
|
-
<para>
|
|
510
|
-
Although the number of residue vectors equals the number of channels,
|
|
511
|
-
channel coupling may mean that the raw residue vectors extracted
|
|
512
|
-
during decode do not map directly to specific channels. When channel
|
|
513
|
-
coupling is in use, some vectors will correspond to coupled magnitude
|
|
514
|
-
or angle. The coupling relationships are described in the codec setup
|
|
515
|
-
and may differ from frame to frame, due to different mode numbers.</para>
|
|
516
|
-
|
|
517
|
-
<para>
|
|
518
|
-
Vorbis codes residue vectors in groups by submap; the coding is done
|
|
519
|
-
in submap order from submap 0 through n-1. This differs from floors
|
|
520
|
-
which are coded using a configuration provided by submap number, but
|
|
521
|
-
are coded individually in channel order.</para>
|
|
522
|
-
|
|
523
|
-
</section>
|
|
524
|
-
|
|
525
|
-
<section><title>inverse channel coupling</title>
|
|
526
|
-
|
|
527
|
-
<para>
|
|
528
|
-
A detailed discussion of stereo in the Vorbis codec can be found in
|
|
529
|
-
the document <ulink url="stereo.html"><citetitle>Stereo Channel Coupling in the
|
|
530
|
-
Vorbis CODEC</citetitle></ulink>. Vorbis is not limited to only stereo coupling, but
|
|
531
|
-
the stereo document also gives a good overview of the generic coupling
|
|
532
|
-
mechanism.</para>
|
|
533
|
-
|
|
534
|
-
<para>
|
|
535
|
-
Vorbis coupling applies to pairs of residue vectors at a time;
|
|
536
|
-
decoupling is done in-place a pair at a time in the order and using
|
|
537
|
-
the vectors specified in the current mapping configuration. The
|
|
538
|
-
decoupling operation is the same for all pairs, converting square
|
|
539
|
-
polar representation (where one vector is magnitude and the second
|
|
540
|
-
angle) back to Cartesian representation.</para>
|
|
541
|
-
|
|
542
|
-
<para>
|
|
543
|
-
After decoupling, in order, each pair of vectors on the coupling list,
|
|
544
|
-
the resulting residue vectors represent the fine spectral detail
|
|
545
|
-
of each output channel.</para>
|
|
546
|
-
|
|
547
|
-
</section>
|
|
548
|
-
|
|
549
|
-
<section><title>generate floor curve</title>
|
|
550
|
-
|
|
551
|
-
<para>
|
|
552
|
-
The decoder may choose to generate the floor curve at any appropriate
|
|
553
|
-
time. It is reasonable to generate the output curve when the floor
|
|
554
|
-
data is decoded from the raw packet, or it can be generated after
|
|
555
|
-
inverse coupling and applied to the spectral residue directly,
|
|
556
|
-
combining generation and the dot product into one step and eliminating
|
|
557
|
-
some working space.</para>
|
|
558
|
-
|
|
559
|
-
<para>
|
|
560
|
-
Both floor 0 and floor 1 generate a linear-range, linear-domain output
|
|
561
|
-
vector to be multiplied (dot product) by the linear-range,
|
|
562
|
-
linear-domain spectral residue.</para>
|
|
563
|
-
|
|
564
|
-
</section>
|
|
565
|
-
|
|
566
|
-
<section><title>compute floor/residue dot product</title>
|
|
567
|
-
|
|
568
|
-
<para>
|
|
569
|
-
This step is straightforward; for each output channel, the decoder
|
|
570
|
-
multiplies the floor curve and residue vectors element by element,
|
|
571
|
-
producing the finished audio spectrum of each channel.</para>
|
|
572
|
-
|
|
573
|
-
<para>
|
|
574
|
-
One point is worth mentioning about this dot product; a common mistake
|
|
575
|
-
in a fixed point implementation might be to assume that a 32 bit
|
|
576
|
-
fixed-point representation for floor and residue and direct
|
|
577
|
-
multiplication of the vectors is sufficient for acceptable spectral
|
|
578
|
-
depth in all cases because it happens to mostly work with the current
|
|
579
|
-
Xiph.Org reference encoder.</para>
|
|
580
|
-
|
|
581
|
-
<para>
|
|
582
|
-
However, floor vector values can span ~140dB (~24 bits unsigned), and
|
|
583
|
-
the audio spectrum vector should represent a minimum of 120dB (~21
|
|
584
|
-
bits with sign), even when output is to a 16 bit PCM device. For the
|
|
585
|
-
residue vector to represent full scale if the floor is nailed to
|
|
586
|
-
-140dB, it must be able to span 0 to +140dB. For the residue vector
|
|
587
|
-
to reach full scale if the floor is nailed at 0dB, it must be able to
|
|
588
|
-
represent -140dB to +0dB. Thus, in order to handle full range
|
|
589
|
-
dynamics, a residue vector may span -140dB to +140dB entirely within
|
|
590
|
-
spec. A 280dB range is approximately 48 bits with sign; thus the
|
|
591
|
-
residue vector must be able to represent a 48 bit range and the dot
|
|
592
|
-
product must be able to handle an effective 48 bit times 24 bit
|
|
593
|
-
multiplication. This range may be achieved using large (64 bit or
|
|
594
|
-
larger) integers, or implementing a movable binary point
|
|
595
|
-
representation.</para>
|
|
596
|
-
|
|
597
|
-
</section>
|
|
598
|
-
|
|
599
|
-
<section><title>inverse monolithic transform (MDCT)</title>
|
|
600
|
-
|
|
601
|
-
<para>
|
|
602
|
-
The audio spectrum is converted back into time domain PCM audio via an
|
|
603
|
-
inverse Modified Discrete Cosine Transform (MDCT). A detailed
|
|
604
|
-
description of the MDCT is available in the paper <ulink
|
|
605
|
-
url="http://www.iocon.com/resource/docs/ps/eusipco_corrected.ps"><citetitle pubwork="article">The use of multirate filter banks for coding of high quality digital
|
|
606
|
-
audio</citetitle></ulink>, by T. Sporer, K. Brandenburg and B. Edler.</para>
|
|
607
|
-
|
|
608
|
-
<para>
|
|
609
|
-
Note that the PCM produced directly from the MDCT is not yet finished
|
|
610
|
-
audio; it must be lapped with surrounding frames using an appropriate
|
|
611
|
-
window (such as the Vorbis window) before the MDCT can be considered
|
|
612
|
-
orthogonal.</para>
|
|
613
|
-
|
|
614
|
-
</section>
|
|
615
|
-
|
|
616
|
-
<section><title>overlap/add data</title>
|
|
617
|
-
<para>
|
|
618
|
-
Windowed MDCT output is overlapped and added with the right hand data
|
|
619
|
-
of the previous window such that the 3/4 point of the previous window
|
|
620
|
-
is aligned with the 1/4 point of the current window (as illustrated in
|
|
621
|
-
the window overlap diagram). At this point, the audio data between the
|
|
622
|
-
center of the previous frame and the center of the current frame is
|
|
623
|
-
now finished and ready to be returned. </para>
|
|
624
|
-
</section>
|
|
625
|
-
|
|
626
|
-
<section><title>cache right hand data</title>
|
|
627
|
-
<para>
|
|
628
|
-
The decoder must cache the right hand portion of the current frame to
|
|
629
|
-
be lapped with the left hand portion of the next frame.
|
|
630
|
-
</para>
|
|
631
|
-
</section>
|
|
632
|
-
|
|
633
|
-
<section><title>return finished audio data</title>
|
|
634
|
-
|
|
635
|
-
<para>
|
|
636
|
-
The overlapped portion produced from overlapping the previous and
|
|
637
|
-
current frame data is finished data to be returned by the decoder.
|
|
638
|
-
This data spans from the center of the previous window to the center
|
|
639
|
-
of the current window. In the case of same-sized windows, the amount
|
|
640
|
-
of data to return is one-half block consisting of and only of the
|
|
641
|
-
overlapped portions. When overlapping a short and long window, much of
|
|
642
|
-
the returned range is not actually overlap. This does not damage
|
|
643
|
-
transform orthogonality. Pay attention however to returning the
|
|
644
|
-
correct data range; the amount of data to be returned is:
|
|
645
|
-
|
|
646
|
-
<programlisting>
|
|
647
|
-
window_blocksize(previous_window)/4+window_blocksize(current_window)/4
|
|
648
|
-
</programlisting>
|
|
649
|
-
|
|
650
|
-
from the center of the previous window to the center of the current
|
|
651
|
-
window.</para>
|
|
652
|
-
|
|
653
|
-
<para>
|
|
654
|
-
Data is not returned from the first frame; it must be used to 'prime'
|
|
655
|
-
the decode engine. The encoder accounts for this priming when
|
|
656
|
-
calculating PCM offsets; after the first frame, the proper PCM output
|
|
657
|
-
offset is '0' (as no data has been returned yet).</para>
|
|
658
|
-
</section>
|
|
659
|
-
</section>
|
|
660
|
-
|
|
661
|
-
</section>
|
|
662
|
-
|
|
663
|
-
</section>
|
|
664
|
-
<!-- end Vorbis I specification introduction and description -->
|
|
665
|
-
|