numpy 2.3.5__cp313-cp313-macosx_14_0_arm64.whl

numpy/lib/tests/test_packbits.py

@@ -0,0 +1,376 @@
+from itertools import chain
+
+import pytest
+
+import numpy as np
+from numpy.testing import assert_array_equal, assert_equal, assert_raises
+
+
+def test_packbits():
+    # Copied from the docstring.
+    a = [[[1, 0, 1], [0, 1, 0]],
+         [[1, 1, 0], [0, 0, 1]]]
+    for dt in '?bBhHiIlLqQ':
+        arr = np.array(a, dtype=dt)
+        b = np.packbits(arr, axis=-1)
+        assert_equal(b.dtype, np.uint8)
+        assert_array_equal(b, np.array([[[160], [64]], [[192], [32]]]))
+
+    assert_raises(TypeError, np.packbits, np.array(a, dtype=float))
+
+
+def test_packbits_empty():
+    shapes = [
+        (0,), (10, 20, 0), (10, 0, 20), (0, 10, 20), (20, 0, 0), (0, 20, 0),
+        (0, 0, 20), (0, 0, 0),
+    ]
+    for dt in '?bBhHiIlLqQ':
+        for shape in shapes:
+            a = np.empty(shape, dtype=dt)
+            b = np.packbits(a)
+            assert_equal(b.dtype, np.uint8)
+            assert_equal(b.shape, (0,))
+
+
+def test_packbits_empty_with_axis():
+    # Original shapes and lists of packed shapes for different axes.
+    shapes = [
+        ((0,), [(0,)]),
+        ((10, 20, 0), [(2, 20, 0), (10, 3, 0), (10, 20, 0)]),
+        ((10, 0, 20), [(2, 0, 20), (10, 0, 20), (10, 0, 3)]),
+        ((0, 10, 20), [(0, 10, 20), (0, 2, 20), (0, 10, 3)]),
+        ((20, 0, 0), [(3, 0, 0), (20, 0, 0), (20, 0, 0)]),
+        ((0, 20, 0), [(0, 20, 0), (0, 3, 0), (0, 20, 0)]),
+        ((0, 0, 20), [(0, 0, 20), (0, 0, 20), (0, 0, 3)]),
+        ((0, 0, 0), [(0, 0, 0), (0, 0, 0), (0, 0, 0)]),
+    ]
+    for dt in '?bBhHiIlLqQ':
+        for in_shape, out_shapes in shapes:
+            for ax, out_shape in enumerate(out_shapes):
+                a = np.empty(in_shape, dtype=dt)
+                b = np.packbits(a, axis=ax)
+                assert_equal(b.dtype, np.uint8)
+                assert_equal(b.shape, out_shape)
+
+@pytest.mark.parametrize('bitorder', ('little', 'big'))
+def test_packbits_large(bitorder):
+    # test data large enough for 16 byte vectorization
+    a = np.array([1, 1, 0, 1, 1, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 1, 1, 0, 0, 1, 1, 1, 0, 0,
+                  0, 0, 0, 1, 0, 1, 1, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 0, 0, 0, 1, 1, 1,
+                  1, 1, 0, 1, 0, 1, 1, 0, 0, 0, 1, 1, 1, 1, 0, 0, 0, 1, 0, 0,
+                  1, 1, 0, 0, 0, 1, 0, 1, 1, 0, 0, 0, 1, 0, 0, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1,
+                  1, 0, 1, 0, 1, 0, 0, 1, 0, 1, 1, 0, 1, 0, 1, 1, 0, 1, 0, 1,
+                  1, 0, 1, 0, 1, 0, 1, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 0, 1, 0, 0, 0, 1, 1,
+                  1, 0, 0, 0, 1, 0, 1, 0, 1, 1, 0, 1, 0, 0, 1, 0, 1, 1, 1, 1,
+                  0, 1, 1, 0, 0, 0, 1, 1, 0, 0, 1, 0, 1, 0, 0, 1, 0, 0, 1, 1,
+                  1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 0, 1, 1, 0, 0, 0, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 1, 0,
+                  1, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 1, 1, 1, 0, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 1, 1,
+                  1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 0, 1, 1, 0, 1, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0,
+                  0, 1, 0, 0, 1, 1, 0, 0, 1, 0, 1, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 1, 0, 1,
+                  1, 1, 0, 1, 0, 1, 1, 1, 0, 0, 1, 0, 0, 0, 1, 0, 1, 1, 0, 0,
+                  1, 0, 0, 1, 0, 0, 0, 1, 0, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 0, 1, 0, 1, 0,
+                  1, 0, 1, 0, 0, 1, 1, 0, 1, 0, 1, 0, 0, 1, 0, 1, 0, 1, 1, 0])
+    a = a.repeat(3)
+    for dtype in '?bBhHiIlLqQ':
+        arr = np.array(a, dtype=dtype)
+        b = np.packbits(arr, axis=None, bitorder=bitorder)
+        assert_equal(b.dtype, np.uint8)
+        r = [252, 127, 192, 3, 254, 7, 252, 0, 7, 31, 240, 0, 28, 1, 255, 252,
+             113, 248, 3, 255, 192, 28, 15, 192, 28, 126, 0, 224, 127, 255,
+             227, 142, 7, 31, 142, 63, 28, 126, 56, 227, 240, 0, 227, 128, 63,
+             224, 14, 56, 252, 112, 56, 255, 241, 248, 3, 240, 56, 224, 112,
+             63, 255, 255, 199, 224, 14, 0, 31, 143, 192, 3, 255, 199, 0, 1,
+             255, 224, 1, 255, 252, 126, 63, 0, 1, 192, 252, 14, 63, 0, 15,
+             199, 252, 113, 255, 3, 128, 56, 252, 14, 7, 0, 113, 255, 255, 142, 56, 227,
+             129, 248, 227, 129, 199, 31, 128]
+        if bitorder == 'big':
+            assert_array_equal(b, r)
+        # equal for size being multiple of 8
+        assert_array_equal(np.unpackbits(b, bitorder=bitorder)[:-4], a)
+
+        # check last byte of different remainders (16 byte vectorization)
+        b = [np.packbits(arr[:-i], axis=None)[-1] for i in range(1, 16)]
+        assert_array_equal(b, [128, 128, 128, 31, 30, 28, 24, 16, 0, 0, 0, 199,
+                               198, 196, 192])
+
+        arr = arr.reshape(36, 25)
+        b = np.packbits(arr, axis=0)
+        assert_equal(b.dtype, np.uint8)
+        assert_array_equal(b, [[190, 186, 178, 178, 150, 215, 87, 83, 83, 195,
+                                199, 206, 204, 204, 140, 140, 136, 136, 8, 40, 105,
+                                107, 75, 74, 88],
+                               [72, 216, 248, 241, 227, 195, 202, 90, 90, 83,
+                                83, 119, 127, 109, 73, 64, 208, 244, 189, 45,
+                                41, 104, 122, 90, 18],
+                               [113, 120, 248, 216, 152, 24, 60, 52, 182, 150,
+                                150, 150, 146, 210, 210, 246, 255, 255, 223,
+                                151, 21, 17, 17, 131, 163],
+                               [214, 210, 210, 64, 68, 5, 5, 1, 72, 88, 92,
+                                92, 78, 110, 39, 181, 149, 220, 222, 218, 218,
+                                202, 234, 170, 168],
+                               [0, 128, 128, 192, 80, 112, 48, 160, 160, 224,
+                                240, 208, 144, 128, 160, 224, 240, 208, 144,
+                                144, 176, 240, 224, 192, 128]])
+
+        b = np.packbits(arr, axis=1)
+        assert_equal(b.dtype, np.uint8)
+        assert_array_equal(b, [[252, 127, 192,   0],
+                               [  7, 252,  15, 128],
+                               [240,   0,  28,   0],
+                               [255, 128,   0, 128],
+                               [192,  31, 255, 128],
+                               [142,  63,   0,   0],
+                               [255, 240,   7,   0],
+                               [  7, 224,  14,   0],
+                               [126,   0, 224,   0],
+                               [255, 255, 199,   0],
+                               [ 56,  28, 126,   0],
+                               [113, 248, 227, 128],
+                               [227, 142,  63,   0],
+                               [  0,  28, 112,   0],
+                               [ 15, 248,   3, 128],
+                               [ 28, 126,  56,   0],
+                               [ 56, 255, 241, 128],
+                               [240,   7, 224,   0],
+                               [227, 129, 192, 128],
+                               [255, 255, 254,   0],
+                               [126,   0, 224,   0],
+                               [  3, 241, 248,   0],
+                               [  0, 255, 241, 128],
+                               [128,   0, 255, 128],
+                               [224,   1, 255, 128],
+                               [248, 252, 126,   0],
+                               [  0,   7,   3, 128],
+                               [224, 113, 248,   0],
+                               [  0, 252, 127, 128],
+                               [142,  63, 224,   0],
+                               [224,  14,  63,   0],
+                               [  7,   3, 128,   0],
+                               [113, 255, 255, 128],
+                               [ 28, 113, 199,   0],
+                               [  7, 227, 142,   0],
+                               [ 14,  56, 252,   0]])
+
+        arr = arr.T.copy()
+        b = np.packbits(arr, axis=0)
+        assert_equal(b.dtype, np.uint8)
+        assert_array_equal(b, [[252, 7, 240, 255, 192, 142, 255, 7, 126, 255,
+                                56, 113, 227, 0, 15, 28, 56, 240, 227, 255,
+                                126, 3, 0, 128, 224, 248, 0, 224, 0, 142, 224,
+                                7, 113, 28, 7, 14],
+                                [127, 252, 0, 128, 31, 63, 240, 224, 0, 255,
+                                 28, 248, 142, 28, 248, 126, 255, 7, 129, 255,
+                                 0, 241, 255, 0, 1, 252, 7, 113, 252, 63, 14,
+                                 3, 255, 113, 227, 56],
+                                [192, 15, 28, 0, 255, 0, 7, 14, 224, 199, 126,
+                                 227, 63, 112, 3, 56, 241, 224, 192, 254, 224,
+                                 248, 241, 255, 255, 126, 3, 248, 127, 224, 63,
+                                 128, 255, 199, 142, 252],
+                                [0, 128, 0, 128, 128, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 128, 0,
+                                 0, 128, 0, 128, 0, 128, 0, 0, 0, 128, 128,
+                                 128, 0, 128, 0, 128, 0, 0, 0, 128, 0, 0, 0]])
+
+        b = np.packbits(arr, axis=1)
+        assert_equal(b.dtype, np.uint8)
+        assert_array_equal(b, [[190,  72, 113, 214,   0],
+                               [186, 216, 120, 210, 128],
+                               [178, 248, 248, 210, 128],
+                               [178, 241, 216,  64, 192],
+                               [150, 227, 152,  68,  80],
+                               [215, 195,  24,   5, 112],
+                               [ 87, 202,  60,   5,  48],
+                               [ 83,  90,  52,   1, 160],
+                               [ 83,  90, 182,  72, 160],
+                               [195,  83, 150,  88, 224],
+                               [199,  83, 150,  92, 240],
+                               [206, 119, 150,  92, 208],
+                               [204, 127, 146,  78, 144],
+                               [204, 109, 210, 110, 128],
+                               [140,  73, 210,  39, 160],
+                               [140,  64, 246, 181, 224],
+                               [136, 208, 255, 149, 240],
+                               [136, 244, 255, 220, 208],
+                               [  8, 189, 223, 222, 144],
+                               [ 40,  45, 151, 218, 144],
+                               [105,  41,  21, 218, 176],
+                               [107, 104,  17, 202, 240],
+                               [ 75, 122,  17, 234, 224],
+                               [ 74,  90, 131, 170, 192],
+                               [ 88,  18, 163, 168, 128]])
+
+    # result is the same if input is multiplied with a nonzero value
+    for dtype in 'bBhHiIlLqQ':
+        arr = np.array(a, dtype=dtype)
+        rnd = np.random.randint(low=np.iinfo(dtype).min,
+                                high=np.iinfo(dtype).max, size=arr.size,
+                                dtype=dtype)
+        rnd[rnd == 0] = 1
+        arr *= rnd.astype(dtype)
+        b = np.packbits(arr, axis=-1)
+        assert_array_equal(np.unpackbits(b)[:-4], a)
+
+    assert_raises(TypeError, np.packbits, np.array(a, dtype=float))
+
+
+def test_packbits_very_large():
+    # test some with a larger arrays gh-8637
+    # code is covered earlier but larger array makes crash on bug more likely
+    for s in range(950, 1050):
+        for dt in '?bBhHiIlLqQ':
+            x = np.ones((200, s), dtype=bool)
+            np.packbits(x, axis=1)
+
+
+def test_unpackbits():
+    # Copied from the docstring.
+    a = np.array([[2], [7], [23]], dtype=np.uint8)
+    b = np.unpackbits(a, axis=1)
+    assert_equal(b.dtype, np.uint8)
+    assert_array_equal(b, np.array([[0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 0],
+                                    [0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 1, 1],
+                                    [0, 0, 0, 1, 0, 1, 1, 1]]))
+
+def test_pack_unpack_order():
+    a = np.array([[2], [7], [23]], dtype=np.uint8)
+    b = np.unpackbits(a, axis=1)
+    assert_equal(b.dtype, np.uint8)
+    b_little = np.unpackbits(a, axis=1, bitorder='little')
+    b_big = np.unpackbits(a, axis=1, bitorder='big')
+    assert_array_equal(b, b_big)
+    assert_array_equal(a, np.packbits(b_little, axis=1, bitorder='little'))
+    assert_array_equal(b[:, ::-1], b_little)
+    assert_array_equal(a, np.packbits(b_big, axis=1, bitorder='big'))
+    assert_raises(ValueError, np.unpackbits, a, bitorder='r')
+    assert_raises(TypeError, np.unpackbits, a, bitorder=10)
+
+
+def test_unpackbits_empty():
+    a = np.empty((0,), dtype=np.uint8)
+    b = np.unpackbits(a)
+    assert_equal(b.dtype, np.uint8)
+    assert_array_equal(b, np.empty((0,)))
+
+
+def test_unpackbits_empty_with_axis():
+    # Lists of packed shapes for different axes and unpacked shapes.
+    shapes = [
+        ([(0,)], (0,)),
+        ([(2, 24, 0), (16, 3, 0), (16, 24, 0)], (16, 24, 0)),
+        ([(2, 0, 24), (16, 0, 24), (16, 0, 3)], (16, 0, 24)),
+        ([(0, 16, 24), (0, 2, 24), (0, 16, 3)], (0, 16, 24)),
+        ([(3, 0, 0), (24, 0, 0), (24, 0, 0)], (24, 0, 0)),
+        ([(0, 24, 0), (0, 3, 0), (0, 24, 0)], (0, 24, 0)),
+        ([(0, 0, 24), (0, 0, 24), (0, 0, 3)], (0, 0, 24)),
+        ([(0, 0, 0), (0, 0, 0), (0, 0, 0)], (0, 0, 0)),
+    ]
+    for in_shapes, out_shape in shapes:
+        for ax, in_shape in enumerate(in_shapes):
+            a = np.empty(in_shape, dtype=np.uint8)
+            b = np.unpackbits(a, axis=ax)
+            assert_equal(b.dtype, np.uint8)
+            assert_equal(b.shape, out_shape)
+
+
+def test_unpackbits_large():
+    # test all possible numbers via comparison to already tested packbits
+    d = np.arange(277, dtype=np.uint8)
+    assert_array_equal(np.packbits(np.unpackbits(d)), d)
+    assert_array_equal(np.packbits(np.unpackbits(d[::2])), d[::2])
+    d = np.tile(d, (3, 1))
+    assert_array_equal(np.packbits(np.unpackbits(d, axis=1), axis=1), d)
+    d = d.T.copy()
+    assert_array_equal(np.packbits(np.unpackbits(d, axis=0), axis=0), d)
+
+
+class TestCount:
+    x = np.array([
+        [1, 0, 1, 0, 0, 1, 0],
+        [0, 1, 1, 1, 0, 0, 0],
+        [0, 0, 1, 0, 0, 1, 1],
+        [1, 1, 0, 0, 0, 1, 1],
+        [1, 0, 1, 0, 1, 0, 1],
+        [0, 0, 1, 1, 1, 0, 0],
+        [0, 1, 0, 1, 0, 1, 0],
+    ], dtype=np.uint8)
+    padded1 = np.zeros(57, dtype=np.uint8)
+    padded1[:49] = x.ravel()
+    padded1b = np.zeros(57, dtype=np.uint8)
+    padded1b[:49] = x[::-1].copy().ravel()
+    padded2 = np.zeros((9, 9), dtype=np.uint8)
+    padded2[:7, :7] = x
+
+    @pytest.mark.parametrize('bitorder', ('little', 'big'))
+    @pytest.mark.parametrize('count', chain(range(58), range(-1, -57, -1)))
+    def test_roundtrip(self, bitorder, count):
+        if count < 0:
+            # one extra zero of padding
+            cutoff = count - 1
+        else:
+            cutoff = count
+        # test complete invertibility of packbits and unpackbits with count
+        packed = np.packbits(self.x, bitorder=bitorder)
+        unpacked = np.unpackbits(packed, count=count, bitorder=bitorder)
+        assert_equal(unpacked.dtype, np.uint8)
+        assert_array_equal(unpacked, self.padded1[:cutoff])
+
+    @pytest.mark.parametrize('kwargs', [
+                    {}, {'count': None},
+                    ])
+    def test_count(self, kwargs):
+        packed = np.packbits(self.x)
+        unpacked = np.unpackbits(packed, **kwargs)
+        assert_equal(unpacked.dtype, np.uint8)
+        assert_array_equal(unpacked, self.padded1[:-1])
+
+    @pytest.mark.parametrize('bitorder', ('little', 'big'))
+    # delta==-1 when count<0 because one extra zero of padding
+    @pytest.mark.parametrize('count', chain(range(8), range(-1, -9, -1)))
+    def test_roundtrip_axis(self, bitorder, count):
+        if count < 0:
+            # one extra zero of padding
+            cutoff = count - 1
+        else:
+            cutoff = count
+        packed0 = np.packbits(self.x, axis=0, bitorder=bitorder)
+        unpacked0 = np.unpackbits(packed0, axis=0, count=count,
+                                  bitorder=bitorder)
+        assert_equal(unpacked0.dtype, np.uint8)
+        assert_array_equal(unpacked0, self.padded2[:cutoff, :self.x.shape[1]])
+
+        packed1 = np.packbits(self.x, axis=1, bitorder=bitorder)
+        unpacked1 = np.unpackbits(packed1, axis=1, count=count,
+                                  bitorder=bitorder)
+        assert_equal(unpacked1.dtype, np.uint8)
+        assert_array_equal(unpacked1, self.padded2[:self.x.shape[0], :cutoff])
+
+    @pytest.mark.parametrize('kwargs', [
+                    {}, {'count': None},
+                    {'bitorder': 'little'},
+                    {'bitorder': 'little', 'count': None},
+                    {'bitorder': 'big'},
+                    {'bitorder': 'big', 'count': None},
+                    ])
+    def test_axis_count(self, kwargs):
+        packed0 = np.packbits(self.x, axis=0)
+        unpacked0 = np.unpackbits(packed0, axis=0, **kwargs)
+        assert_equal(unpacked0.dtype, np.uint8)
+        if kwargs.get('bitorder', 'big') == 'big':
+            assert_array_equal(unpacked0, self.padded2[:-1, :self.x.shape[1]])
+        else:
+            assert_array_equal(unpacked0[::-1, :], self.padded2[:-1, :self.x.shape[1]])
+
+        packed1 = np.packbits(self.x, axis=1)
+        unpacked1 = np.unpackbits(packed1, axis=1, **kwargs)
+        assert_equal(unpacked1.dtype, np.uint8)
+        if kwargs.get('bitorder', 'big') == 'big':
+            assert_array_equal(unpacked1, self.padded2[:self.x.shape[0], :-1])
+        else:
+            assert_array_equal(unpacked1[:, ::-1], self.padded2[:self.x.shape[0], :-1])
+
+    def test_bad_count(self):
+        packed0 = np.packbits(self.x, axis=0)
+        assert_raises(ValueError, np.unpackbits, packed0, axis=0, count=-9)
+        packed1 = np.packbits(self.x, axis=1)
+        assert_raises(ValueError, np.unpackbits, packed1, axis=1, count=-9)
+        packed = np.packbits(self.x)
+        assert_raises(ValueError, np.unpackbits, packed, count=-57)

numpy/lib/tests/test_polynomial.py

@@ -0,0 +1,320 @@
+import pytest
+
+import numpy as np
+import numpy.polynomial.polynomial as poly
+from numpy.testing import (
+    assert_,
+    assert_allclose,
+    assert_almost_equal,
+    assert_array_almost_equal,
+    assert_array_equal,
+    assert_equal,
+    assert_raises,
+)
+
+# `poly1d` has some support for `np.bool` and `np.timedelta64`,
+# but it is limited and they are therefore excluded here
+TYPE_CODES = np.typecodes["AllInteger"] + np.typecodes["AllFloat"] + "O"
+
+
+class TestPolynomial:
+    def test_poly1d_str_and_repr(self):
+        p = np.poly1d([1., 2, 3])
+        assert_equal(repr(p), 'poly1d([1., 2., 3.])')
+        assert_equal(str(p),
+                     '   2\n'
+                     '1 x + 2 x + 3')
+
+        q = np.poly1d([3., 2, 1])
+        assert_equal(repr(q), 'poly1d([3., 2., 1.])')
+        assert_equal(str(q),
+                     '   2\n'
+                     '3 x + 2 x + 1')
+
+        r = np.poly1d([1.89999 + 2j, -3j, -5.12345678, 2 + 1j])
+        assert_equal(str(r),
+                     '            3      2\n'
+                     '(1.9 + 2j) x - 3j x - 5.123 x + (2 + 1j)')
+
+        assert_equal(str(np.poly1d([-3, -2, -1])),
+                     '    2\n'
+                     '-3 x - 2 x - 1')
+
+    def test_poly1d_resolution(self):
+        p = np.poly1d([1., 2, 3])
+        q = np.poly1d([3., 2, 1])
+        assert_equal(p(0), 3.0)
+        assert_equal(p(5), 38.0)
+        assert_equal(q(0), 1.0)
+        assert_equal(q(5), 86.0)
+
+    def test_poly1d_math(self):
+        # here we use some simple coeffs to make calculations easier
+        p = np.poly1d([1., 2, 4])
+        q = np.poly1d([4., 2, 1])
+        assert_equal(p / q, (np.poly1d([0.25]), np.poly1d([1.5, 3.75])))
+        assert_equal(p.integ(), np.poly1d([1 / 3, 1., 4., 0.]))
+        assert_equal(p.integ(1), np.poly1d([1 / 3, 1., 4., 0.]))
+
+        p = np.poly1d([1., 2, 3])
+        q = np.poly1d([3., 2, 1])
+        assert_equal(p * q, np.poly1d([3., 8., 14., 8., 3.]))
+        assert_equal(p + q, np.poly1d([4., 4., 4.]))
+        assert_equal(p - q, np.poly1d([-2., 0., 2.]))
+        assert_equal(p ** 4, np.poly1d([1., 8., 36., 104., 214., 312., 324., 216., 81.]))
+        assert_equal(p(q), np.poly1d([9., 12., 16., 8., 6.]))
+        assert_equal(q(p), np.poly1d([3., 12., 32., 40., 34.]))
+        assert_equal(p.deriv(), np.poly1d([2., 2.]))
+        assert_equal(p.deriv(2), np.poly1d([2.]))
+        assert_equal(np.polydiv(np.poly1d([1, 0, -1]), np.poly1d([1, 1])),
+                     (np.poly1d([1., -1.]), np.poly1d([0.])))
+
+    @pytest.mark.parametrize("type_code", TYPE_CODES)
+    def test_poly1d_misc(self, type_code: str) -> None:
+        dtype = np.dtype(type_code)
+        ar = np.array([1, 2, 3], dtype=dtype)
+        p = np.poly1d(ar)
+
+        # `__eq__`
+        assert_equal(np.asarray(p), ar)
+        assert_equal(np.asarray(p).dtype, dtype)
+        assert_equal(len(p), 2)
+
+        # `__getitem__`
+        comparison_dct = {-1: 0, 0: 3, 1: 2, 2: 1, 3: 0}
+        for index, ref in comparison_dct.items():
+            scalar = p[index]
+            assert_equal(scalar, ref)
+            if dtype == np.object_:
+                assert isinstance(scalar, int)
+            else:
+                assert_equal(scalar.dtype, dtype)
+
+    def test_poly1d_variable_arg(self):
+        q = np.poly1d([1., 2, 3], variable='y')
+        assert_equal(str(q),
+                     '   2\n'
+                     '1 y + 2 y + 3')
+        q = np.poly1d([1., 2, 3], variable='lambda')
+        assert_equal(str(q),
+                     '        2\n'
+                     '1 lambda + 2 lambda + 3')
+
+    def test_poly(self):
+        assert_array_almost_equal(np.poly([3, -np.sqrt(2), np.sqrt(2)]),
+                                  [1, -3, -2, 6])
+
+        # From matlab docs
+        A = [[1, 2, 3], [4, 5, 6], [7, 8, 0]]
+        assert_array_almost_equal(np.poly(A), [1, -6, -72, -27])
+
+        # Should produce real output for perfect conjugates
+        assert_(np.isrealobj(np.poly([+1.082j, +2.613j, -2.613j, -1.082j])))
+        assert_(np.isrealobj(np.poly([0 + 1j, -0 + -1j, 1 + 2j,
+                                      1 - 2j, 1. + 3.5j, 1 - 3.5j])))
+        assert_(np.isrealobj(np.poly([1j, -1j, 1 + 2j, 1 - 2j, 1 + 3j, 1 - 3.j])))
+        assert_(np.isrealobj(np.poly([1j, -1j, 1 + 2j, 1 - 2j])))
+        assert_(np.isrealobj(np.poly([1j, -1j, 2j, -2j])))
+        assert_(np.isrealobj(np.poly([1j, -1j])))
+        assert_(np.isrealobj(np.poly([1, -1])))
+
+        assert_(np.iscomplexobj(np.poly([1j, -1.0000001j])))
+
+        np.random.seed(42)
+        a = np.random.randn(100) + 1j * np.random.randn(100)
+        assert_(np.isrealobj(np.poly(np.concatenate((a, np.conjugate(a))))))
+
+    def test_roots(self):
+        assert_array_equal(np.roots([1, 0, 0]), [0, 0])
+
+        # Testing for larger root values
+        for i in np.logspace(10, 25, num=1000, base=10):
+            tgt = np.array([-1, 1, i])
+            res = np.sort(np.roots(poly.polyfromroots(tgt)[::-1]))
+            assert_almost_equal(res, tgt, 14 - int(np.log10(i)))    # Adapting the expected precision according to the root value, to take into account numerical calculation error
+
+        for i in np.logspace(10, 25, num=1000, base=10):
+            tgt = np.array([-1, 1.01, i])
+            res = np.sort(np.roots(poly.polyfromroots(tgt)[::-1]))
+            assert_almost_equal(res, tgt, 14 - int(np.log10(i)))    # Adapting the expected precision according to the root value, to take into account numerical calculation error
+
+    def test_str_leading_zeros(self):
+        p = np.poly1d([4, 3, 2, 1])
+        p[3] = 0
+        assert_equal(str(p),
+                     "   2\n"
+                     "3 x + 2 x + 1")
+
+        p = np.poly1d([1, 2])
+        p[0] = 0
+        p[1] = 0
+        assert_equal(str(p), " \n0")
+
+    def test_polyfit(self):
+        c = np.array([3., 2., 1.])
+        x = np.linspace(0, 2, 7)
+        y = np.polyval(c, x)
+        err = [1, -1, 1, -1, 1, -1, 1]
+        weights = np.arange(8, 1, -1)**2 / 7.0
+
+        # Check exception when too few points for variance estimate. Note that
+        # the estimate requires the number of data points to exceed
+        # degree + 1
+        assert_raises(ValueError, np.polyfit,
+                      [1], [1], deg=0, cov=True)
+
+        # check 1D case
+        m, cov = np.polyfit(x, y + err, 2, cov=True)
+        est = [3.8571, 0.2857, 1.619]
+        assert_almost_equal(est, m, decimal=4)
+        val0 = [[ 1.4694, -2.9388,  0.8163],
+                [-2.9388,  6.3673, -2.1224],
+                [ 0.8163, -2.1224,  1.161 ]]  # noqa: E202
+        assert_almost_equal(val0, cov, decimal=4)
+
+        m2, cov2 = np.polyfit(x, y + err, 2, w=weights, cov=True)
+        assert_almost_equal([4.8927, -1.0177, 1.7768], m2, decimal=4)
+        val = [[ 4.3964, -5.0052,  0.4878],
+               [-5.0052,  6.8067, -0.9089],
+               [ 0.4878, -0.9089,  0.3337]]
+        assert_almost_equal(val, cov2, decimal=4)
+
+        m3, cov3 = np.polyfit(x, y + err, 2, w=weights, cov="unscaled")
+        assert_almost_equal([4.8927, -1.0177, 1.7768], m3, decimal=4)
+        val = [[ 0.1473, -0.1677,  0.0163],
+               [-0.1677,  0.228 , -0.0304],  # noqa: E203
+               [ 0.0163, -0.0304,  0.0112]]
+        assert_almost_equal(val, cov3, decimal=4)
+
+        # check 2D (n,1) case
+        y = y[:, np.newaxis]
+        c = c[:, np.newaxis]
+        assert_almost_equal(c, np.polyfit(x, y, 2))
+        # check 2D (n,2) case
+        yy = np.concatenate((y, y), axis=1)
+        cc = np.concatenate((c, c), axis=1)
+        assert_almost_equal(cc, np.polyfit(x, yy, 2))
+
+        m, cov = np.polyfit(x, yy + np.array(err)[:, np.newaxis], 2, cov=True)
+        assert_almost_equal(est, m[:, 0], decimal=4)
+        assert_almost_equal(est, m[:, 1], decimal=4)
+        assert_almost_equal(val0, cov[:, :, 0], decimal=4)
+        assert_almost_equal(val0, cov[:, :, 1], decimal=4)
+
+        # check order 1 (deg=0) case, were the analytic results are simple
+        np.random.seed(123)
+        y = np.random.normal(size=(4, 10000))
+        mean, cov = np.polyfit(np.zeros(y.shape[0]), y, deg=0, cov=True)
+        # Should get sigma_mean = sigma/sqrt(N) = 1./sqrt(4) = 0.5.
+        assert_allclose(mean.std(), 0.5, atol=0.01)
+        assert_allclose(np.sqrt(cov.mean()), 0.5, atol=0.01)
+        # Without scaling, since reduced chi2 is 1, the result should be the same.
+        mean, cov = np.polyfit(np.zeros(y.shape[0]), y, w=np.ones(y.shape[0]),
+                               deg=0, cov="unscaled")
+        assert_allclose(mean.std(), 0.5, atol=0.01)
+        assert_almost_equal(np.sqrt(cov.mean()), 0.5)
+        # If we estimate our errors wrong, no change with scaling:
+        w = np.full(y.shape[0], 1. / 0.5)
+        mean, cov = np.polyfit(np.zeros(y.shape[0]), y, w=w, deg=0, cov=True)
+        assert_allclose(mean.std(), 0.5, atol=0.01)
+        assert_allclose(np.sqrt(cov.mean()), 0.5, atol=0.01)
+        # But if we do not scale, our estimate for the error in the mean will
+        # differ.
+        mean, cov = np.polyfit(np.zeros(y.shape[0]), y, w=w, deg=0, cov="unscaled")
+        assert_allclose(mean.std(), 0.5, atol=0.01)
+        assert_almost_equal(np.sqrt(cov.mean()), 0.25)
+
+    def test_objects(self):
+        from decimal import Decimal
+        p = np.poly1d([Decimal('4.0'), Decimal('3.0'), Decimal('2.0')])
+        p2 = p * Decimal('1.333333333333333')
+        assert_(p2[1] == Decimal("3.9999999999999990"))
+        p2 = p.deriv()
+        assert_(p2[1] == Decimal('8.0'))
+        p2 = p.integ()
+        assert_(p2[3] == Decimal("1.333333333333333333333333333"))
+        assert_(p2[2] == Decimal('1.5'))
+        assert_(np.issubdtype(p2.coeffs.dtype, np.object_))
+        p = np.poly([Decimal(1), Decimal(2)])
+        assert_equal(np.poly([Decimal(1), Decimal(2)]),
+                     [1, Decimal(-3), Decimal(2)])
+
+    def test_complex(self):
+        p = np.poly1d([3j, 2j, 1j])
+        p2 = p.integ()
+        assert_((p2.coeffs == [1j, 1j, 1j, 0]).all())
+        p2 = p.deriv()
+        assert_((p2.coeffs == [6j, 2j]).all())
+
+    def test_integ_coeffs(self):
+        p = np.poly1d([3, 2, 1])
+        p2 = p.integ(3, k=[9, 7, 6])
+        assert_(
+            (p2.coeffs == [1 / 4. / 5., 1 / 3. / 4., 1 / 2. / 3., 9 / 1. / 2., 7, 6]).all())
+
+    def test_zero_dims(self):
+        try:
+            np.poly(np.zeros((0, 0)))
+        except ValueError:
+            pass
+
+    def test_poly_int_overflow(self):
+        """
+        Regression test for gh-5096.
+        """
+        v = np.arange(1, 21)
+        assert_almost_equal(np.poly(v), np.poly(np.diag(v)))
+
+    def test_zero_poly_dtype(self):
+        """
+        Regression test for gh-16354.
+        """
+        z = np.array([0, 0, 0])
+        p = np.poly1d(z.astype(np.int64))
+        assert_equal(p.coeffs.dtype, np.int64)
+
+        p = np.poly1d(z.astype(np.float32))
+        assert_equal(p.coeffs.dtype, np.float32)
+
+        p = np.poly1d(z.astype(np.complex64))
+        assert_equal(p.coeffs.dtype, np.complex64)
+
+    def test_poly_eq(self):
+        p = np.poly1d([1, 2, 3])
+        p2 = np.poly1d([1, 2, 4])
+        assert_equal(p == None, False)  # noqa: E711
+        assert_equal(p != None, True)  # noqa: E711
+        assert_equal(p == p, True)
+        assert_equal(p == p2, False)
+        assert_equal(p != p2, True)
+
+    def test_polydiv(self):
+        b = np.poly1d([2, 6, 6, 1])
+        a = np.poly1d([-1j, (1 + 2j), -(2 + 1j), 1])
+        q, r = np.polydiv(b, a)
+        assert_equal(q.coeffs.dtype, np.complex128)
+        assert_equal(r.coeffs.dtype, np.complex128)
+        assert_equal(q * a + r, b)
+
+        c = [1, 2, 3]
+        d = np.poly1d([1, 2, 3])
+        s, t = np.polydiv(c, d)
+        assert isinstance(s, np.poly1d)
+        assert isinstance(t, np.poly1d)
+        u, v = np.polydiv(d, c)
+        assert isinstance(u, np.poly1d)
+        assert isinstance(v, np.poly1d)
+
+    def test_poly_coeffs_mutable(self):
+        """ Coefficients should be modifiable """
+        p = np.poly1d([1, 2, 3])
+
+        p.coeffs += 1
+        assert_equal(p.coeffs, [2, 3, 4])
+
+        p.coeffs[2] += 10
+        assert_equal(p.coeffs, [2, 3, 14])
+
+        # this never used to be allowed - let's not add features to deprecated
+        # APIs
+        assert_raises(AttributeError, setattr, p, 'coeffs', np.array(1))