opencode-skills-collection 4.0.53 → 4.0.55

package/bundled-skills/hugging-face-evaluation/references/detailed-guide.md

@@ -0,0 +1,652 @@
+# Overview - Detailed Guide
+
+> This file contains the detailed procedure and reference material extracted from `SKILL.md` for focused loading. The root skill defines activation, examples, safety constraints, and limitations.
+
+## Integration with HF Ecosystem
+- **Model Cards**: Updates model-index metadata for leaderboard integration
+- **Artificial Analysis**: Direct API integration for benchmark imports
+- **Papers with Code**: Compatible with their model-index specification
+- **Jobs**: Run evaluations directly on Hugging Face Jobs with `uv` integration
+- **vLLM**: Efficient GPU inference for custom model evaluation
+- **lighteval**: HuggingFace's evaluation library with vLLM/accelerate backends
+- **inspect-ai**: UK AI Safety Institute's evaluation framework
+
+# Version
+1.3.0
+
+# Dependencies
+
+
+## Core Dependencies
+- huggingface_hub>=0.26.0
+- markdown-it-py>=3.0.0
+- python-dotenv>=1.2.1
+- pyyaml>=6.0.3
+- requests>=2.32.5
+- re (built-in)
+
+
+## Inference Provider Evaluation
+- inspect-ai>=0.3.0
+- inspect-evals
+- openai
+
+
+## vLLM Custom Model Evaluation (GPU required)
+- lighteval[accelerate,vllm]>=0.6.0
+- vllm>=0.4.0
+- torch>=2.0.0
+- transformers>=4.40.0
+- accelerate>=0.30.0
+
+Note: vLLM dependencies are installed automatically via PEP 723 script headers when using `uv run`.
+
+# IMPORTANT: Using This Skill
+
+
+## ⚠️ CRITICAL: Check for Existing PRs Before Creating New Ones
+
+**Before creating ANY pull request with `--create-pr`, you MUST check for existing open PRs:**
+
+```bash
+uv run scripts/evaluation_manager.py get-prs --repo-id "username/model-name"
+```
+
+**If open PRs exist:**
+1. **DO NOT create a new PR** - this creates duplicate work for maintainers
+2. **Warn the user** that open PRs already exist
+3. **Show the user** the existing PR URLs so they can review them
+4. Only proceed if the user explicitly confirms they want to create another PR
+
+This prevents spamming model repositories with duplicate evaluation PRs.
+
+---
+
+> **All paths are relative to the directory containing this SKILL.md
+file.**
+> Before running any script, first `cd` to that directory or use the full
+path.
+
+**Use `--help` for the latest workflow guidance.** Works with plain Python or `uv run`:
+```bash
+uv run scripts/evaluation_manager.py --help
+uv run scripts/evaluation_manager.py inspect-tables --help
+uv run scripts/evaluation_manager.py extract-readme --help
+```
+Key workflow (matches CLI help):
+
+1) `get-prs` → check for existing open PRs first
+2) `inspect-tables` → find table numbers/columns
+3) `extract-readme --table N` → prints YAML by default
+4) add `--apply` (push) or `--create-pr` to write changes
+
+# Core Capabilities
+
+
+## 1. Inspect and Extract Evaluation Tables from README
+- **Inspect Tables**: Use `inspect-tables` to see all tables in a README with structure, columns, and sample rows
+- **Parse Markdown Tables**: Accurate parsing using markdown-it-py (ignores code blocks and examples)
+- **Table Selection**: Use `--table N` to extract from a specific table (required when multiple tables exist)
+- **Format Detection**: Recognize common formats (benchmarks as rows, columns, or comparison tables with multiple models)
+- **Column Matching**: Automatically identify model columns/rows; prefer `--model-column-index` (index from inspect output). Use `--model-name-override` only with exact column header text.
+- **YAML Generation**: Convert selected table to model-index YAML format
+- **Task Typing**: `--task-type` sets the `task.type` field in model-index output (e.g., `text-generation`, `summarization`)
+
+
+## 2. Import from Artificial Analysis
+- **API Integration**: Fetch benchmark scores directly from Artificial Analysis
+- **Automatic Formatting**: Convert API responses to model-index format
+- **Metadata Preservation**: Maintain source attribution and URLs
+- **PR Creation**: Automatically create pull requests with evaluation updates
+
+
+## 3. Model-Index Management
+- **YAML Generation**: Create properly formatted model-index entries
+- **Merge Support**: Add evaluations to existing model cards without overwriting
+- **Validation**: Ensure compliance with Papers with Code specification
+- **Batch Operations**: Process multiple models efficiently
+
+
+## 4. Run Evaluations on HF Jobs (Inference Providers)
+- **Inspect-AI Integration**: Run standard evaluations using the `inspect-ai` library
+- **UV Integration**: Seamlessly run Python scripts with ephemeral dependencies on HF infrastructure
+- **Zero-Config**: No Dockerfiles or Space management required
+- **Hardware Selection**: Configure CPU or GPU hardware for the evaluation job
+- **Secure Execution**: Handles API tokens safely via secrets passed through the CLI
+
+
+## 5. Run Custom Model Evaluations with vLLM (NEW)
+
+⚠️ **Important:** This approach is only possible on devices with `uv` installed and sufficient GPU memory.
+**Benefits:** No need to use `hf_jobs()` MCP tool, can run scripts directly in terminal
+**When to use:** User working in local device directly  when GPU is available
+
+### Before running the script
+
+- check the script path
+- check uv is installed
+- check gpu is available with `nvidia-smi`
+
+### Running the script
+
+```bash
+uv run scripts/train_sft_example.py
+```
+### Features
+
+- **vLLM Backend**: High-performance GPU inference (5-10x faster than standard HF methods)
+- **lighteval Framework**: HuggingFace's evaluation library with Open LLM Leaderboard tasks
+- **inspect-ai Framework**: UK AI Safety Institute's evaluation library
+- **Standalone or Jobs**: Run locally or submit to HF Jobs infrastructure
+
+# Usage Instructions
+
+The skill includes Python scripts in `scripts/` to perform operations.
+
+### Prerequisites
+- Preferred: use `uv run` (PEP 723 header auto-installs deps)
+- Or install manually: `pip install huggingface-hub markdown-it-py python-dotenv pyyaml requests`
+- Set `HF_TOKEN` environment variable with Write-access token
+- For Artificial Analysis: Set `AA_API_KEY` environment variable
+- `.env` is loaded automatically if `python-dotenv` is installed
+
+### Method 1: Extract from README (CLI workflow)
+
+Recommended flow (matches `--help`):
+```bash
+# 1) Inspect tables to get table numbers and column hints
+uv run scripts/evaluation_manager.py inspect-tables --repo-id "username/model"
+
+# 2) Extract a specific table (prints YAML by default)
+uv run scripts/evaluation_manager.py extract-readme \
+  --repo-id "username/model" \
+  --table 1 \
+  [--model-column-index <column index shown by inspect-tables>] \
+  [--model-name-override "<column header/model name>"]  # use exact header text if you can't use the index
+
+# 3) Apply changes (push or PR)
+uv run scripts/evaluation_manager.py extract-readme \
+  --repo-id "username/model" \
+  --table 1 \
+  --apply       # push directly
+# or
+uv run scripts/evaluation_manager.py extract-readme \
+  --repo-id "username/model" \
+  --table 1 \
+  --create-pr   # open a PR
+```
+
+Validation checklist:
+- YAML is printed by default; compare against the README table before applying.
+- Prefer `--model-column-index`; if using `--model-name-override`, the column header text must be exact.
+- For transposed tables (models as rows), ensure only one row is extracted.
+
+### Method 2: Import from Artificial Analysis
+
+Fetch benchmark scores from Artificial Analysis API and add them to a model card.
+
+**Basic Usage:**
+```bash
+env "AA_API_KEY=${AA_API_KEY:?set AA_API_KEY first}" uv run scripts/evaluation_manager.py import-aa \
+  --creator-slug "anthropic" \
+  --model-name "claude-sonnet-4" \
+  --repo-id "username/model-name"
+```
+
+**With Environment File:**
+```bash
+# Create .env file
+echo "AA_API_KEY=your-api-key" >> .env
+echo "HF_TOKEN=your-hf-token" >> .env
+
+# Run import
+uv run scripts/evaluation_manager.py import-aa \
+  --creator-slug "anthropic" \
+  --model-name "claude-sonnet-4" \
+  --repo-id "username/model-name"
+```
+
+**Create Pull Request:**
+```bash
+uv run scripts/evaluation_manager.py import-aa \
+  --creator-slug "anthropic" \
+  --model-name "claude-sonnet-4" \
+  --repo-id "username/model-name" \
+  --create-pr
+```
+
+### Method 3: Run Evaluation Job
+
+Submit an evaluation job on Hugging Face infrastructure using the `hf jobs uv run` CLI.
+
+**Direct CLI Usage:**
+```bash
+HF_TOKEN=$HF_TOKEN \
+hf jobs uv run hf-evaluation/scripts/inspect_eval_uv.py \
+  --flavor cpu-basic \
+  --secret HF_TOKEN=$HF_TOKEN \
+  -- --model "meta-llama/Llama-2-7b-hf" \
+     --task "mmlu"
+```
+
+**GPU Example (A10G):**
+```bash
+HF_TOKEN=$HF_TOKEN \
+hf jobs uv run hf-evaluation/scripts/inspect_eval_uv.py \
+  --flavor a10g-small \
+  --secret HF_TOKEN=$HF_TOKEN \
+  -- --model "meta-llama/Llama-2-7b-hf" \
+     --task "gsm8k"
+```
+
+**Python Helper (optional):**
+```bash
+uv run scripts/run_eval_job.py \
+  --model "meta-llama/Llama-2-7b-hf" \
+  --task "mmlu" \
+  --hardware "t4-small"
+```
+
+### Method 4: Run Custom Model Evaluation with vLLM
+
+Evaluate custom HuggingFace models directly on GPU using vLLM or accelerate backends. These scripts are **separate from inference provider scripts** and run models locally on the job's hardware.
+
+#### When to Use vLLM Evaluation (vs Inference Providers)
+
+| Feature | vLLM Scripts | Inference Provider Scripts |
+|---------|-------------|---------------------------|
+| Model access | Any HF model | Models with API endpoints |
+| Hardware | Your GPU (or HF Jobs GPU) | Provider's infrastructure |
+| Cost | HF Jobs compute cost | API usage fees |
+| Speed | vLLM optimized | Depends on provider |
+| Offline | Yes (after download) | No |
+
+#### Option A: lighteval with vLLM Backend
+
+lighteval is HuggingFace's evaluation library, supporting Open LLM Leaderboard tasks.
+
+**Standalone (local GPU):**
+```bash
+# Run MMLU 5-shot with vLLM
+uv run scripts/lighteval_vllm_uv.py \
+  --model meta-llama/Llama-3.2-1B \
+  --tasks "leaderboard|mmlu|5"
+
+# Run multiple tasks
+uv run scripts/lighteval_vllm_uv.py \
+  --model meta-llama/Llama-3.2-1B \
+  --tasks "leaderboard|mmlu|5,leaderboard|gsm8k|5"
+
+# Use accelerate backend instead of vLLM
+uv run scripts/lighteval_vllm_uv.py \
+  --model meta-llama/Llama-3.2-1B \
+  --tasks "leaderboard|mmlu|5" \
+  --backend accelerate
+
+# Chat/instruction-tuned models
+uv run scripts/lighteval_vllm_uv.py \
+  --model meta-llama/Llama-3.2-1B-Instruct \
+  --tasks "leaderboard|mmlu|5" \
+  --use-chat-template
+```
+
+**Via HF Jobs:**
+```bash
+hf jobs uv run scripts/lighteval_vllm_uv.py \
+  --flavor a10g-small \
+  --secrets HF_TOKEN=$HF_TOKEN \
+  -- --model meta-llama/Llama-3.2-1B \
+     --tasks "leaderboard|mmlu|5"
+```
+
+**lighteval Task Format:**
+Tasks use the format `suite|task|num_fewshot`:
+- `leaderboard|mmlu|5` - MMLU with 5-shot
+- `leaderboard|gsm8k|5` - GSM8K with 5-shot
+- `lighteval|hellaswag|0` - HellaSwag zero-shot
+- `leaderboard|arc_challenge|25` - ARC-Challenge with 25-shot
+
+**Finding Available Tasks:**
+The complete list of available lighteval tasks can be found at:
+https://github.com/huggingface/lighteval/blob/main/examples/tasks/all_tasks.txt
+
+This file contains all supported tasks in the format `suite|task|num_fewshot|0` (the trailing `0` is a version flag and can be ignored). Common suites include:
+- `leaderboard` - Open LLM Leaderboard tasks (MMLU, GSM8K, ARC, HellaSwag, etc.)
+- `lighteval` - Additional lighteval tasks
+- `bigbench` - BigBench tasks
+- `original` - Original benchmark tasks
+
+To use a task from the list, extract the `suite|task|num_fewshot` portion (without the trailing `0`) and pass it to the `--tasks` parameter. For example:
+- From file: `leaderboard|mmlu|0` → Use: `leaderboard|mmlu|0` (or change to `5` for 5-shot)
+- From file: `bigbench|abstract_narrative_understanding|0` → Use: `bigbench|abstract_narrative_understanding|0`
+- From file: `lighteval|wmt14:hi-en|0` → Use: `lighteval|wmt14:hi-en|0`
+
+Multiple tasks can be specified as comma-separated values: `--tasks "leaderboard|mmlu|5,leaderboard|gsm8k|5"`
+
+#### Option B: inspect-ai with vLLM Backend
+
+inspect-ai is the UK AI Safety Institute's evaluation framework.
+
+**Standalone (local GPU):**
+```bash
+# Run MMLU with vLLM
+uv run scripts/inspect_vllm_uv.py \
+  --model meta-llama/Llama-3.2-1B \
+  --task mmlu
+
+# Use HuggingFace Transformers backend
+uv run scripts/inspect_vllm_uv.py \
+  --model meta-llama/Llama-3.2-1B \
+  --task mmlu \
+  --backend hf
+
+# Multi-GPU with tensor parallelism
+uv run scripts/inspect_vllm_uv.py \
+  --model meta-llama/Llama-3.2-70B \
+  --task mmlu \
+  --tensor-parallel-size 4
+```
+
+**Via HF Jobs:**
+```bash
+hf jobs uv run scripts/inspect_vllm_uv.py \
+  --flavor a10g-small \
+  --secrets HF_TOKEN=$HF_TOKEN \
+  -- --model meta-llama/Llama-3.2-1B \
+     --task mmlu
+```
+
+**Available inspect-ai Tasks:**
+- `mmlu` - Massive Multitask Language Understanding
+- `gsm8k` - Grade School Math
+- `hellaswag` - Common sense reasoning
+- `arc_challenge` - AI2 Reasoning Challenge
+- `truthfulqa` - TruthfulQA benchmark
+- `winogrande` - Winograd Schema Challenge
+- `humaneval` - Code generation
+
+#### Option C: Python Helper Script
+
+The helper script auto-selects hardware and simplifies job submission:
+
+```bash
+# Auto-detect hardware based on model size
+uv run scripts/run_vllm_eval_job.py \
+  --model meta-llama/Llama-3.2-1B \
+  --task "leaderboard|mmlu|5" \
+  --framework lighteval
+
+# Explicit hardware selection
+uv run scripts/run_vllm_eval_job.py \
+  --model meta-llama/Llama-3.2-70B \
+  --task mmlu \
+  --framework inspect \
+  --hardware a100-large \
+  --tensor-parallel-size 4
+
+# Use HF Transformers backend
+uv run scripts/run_vllm_eval_job.py \
+  --model microsoft/phi-2 \
+  --task mmlu \
+  --framework inspect \
+  --backend hf
+```
+
+**Hardware Recommendations:**
+| Model Size | Recommended Hardware |
+|------------|---------------------|
+| < 3B params | `t4-small` |
+| 3B - 13B | `a10g-small` |
+| 13B - 34B | `a10g-large` |
+| 34B+ | `a100-large` |
+
+### Commands Reference
+
+**Top-level help and version:**
+```bash
+uv run scripts/evaluation_manager.py --help
+uv run scripts/evaluation_manager.py --version
+```
+
+**Inspect Tables (start here):**
+```bash
+uv run scripts/evaluation_manager.py inspect-tables --repo-id "username/model-name"
+```
+
+**Extract from README:**
+```bash
+uv run scripts/evaluation_manager.py extract-readme \
+  --repo-id "username/model-name" \
+  --table N \
+  [--model-column-index N] \
+  [--model-name-override "Exact Column Header or Model Name"] \
+  [--task-type "text-generation"] \
+  [--dataset-name "Custom Benchmarks"] \
+  [--apply | --create-pr]
+```
+
+**Import from Artificial Analysis:**
+```bash
+AA_API_KEY=... uv run scripts/evaluation_manager.py import-aa \
+  --creator-slug "creator-name" \
+  --model-name "model-slug" \
+  --repo-id "username/model-name" \
+  [--create-pr]
+```
+
+**View / Validate:**
+```bash
+uv run scripts/evaluation_manager.py show --repo-id "username/model-name"
+uv run scripts/evaluation_manager.py validate --repo-id "username/model-name"
+```
+
+**Check Open PRs (ALWAYS run before --create-pr):**
+```bash
+uv run scripts/evaluation_manager.py get-prs --repo-id "username/model-name"
+```
+Lists all open pull requests for the model repository. Shows PR number, title, author, date, and URL.
+
+**Run Evaluation Job (Inference Providers):**
+```bash
+hf jobs uv run scripts/inspect_eval_uv.py \
+  --flavor "cpu-basic|t4-small|..." \
+  --secret HF_TOKEN=$HF_TOKEN \
+  -- --model "model-id" \
+     --task "task-name"
+```
+
+or use the Python helper:
+
+```bash
+uv run scripts/run_eval_job.py \
+  --model "model-id" \
+  --task "task-name" \
+  --hardware "cpu-basic|t4-small|..."
+```
+
+**Run vLLM Evaluation (Custom Models):**
+```bash
+# lighteval with vLLM
+hf jobs uv run scripts/lighteval_vllm_uv.py \
+  --flavor "a10g-small" \
+  --secrets HF_TOKEN=$HF_TOKEN \
+  -- --model "model-id" \
+     --tasks "leaderboard|mmlu|5"
+
+# inspect-ai with vLLM
+hf jobs uv run scripts/inspect_vllm_uv.py \
+  --flavor "a10g-small" \
+  --secrets HF_TOKEN=$HF_TOKEN \
+  -- --model "model-id" \
+     --task "mmlu"
+
+# Helper script (auto hardware selection)
+uv run scripts/run_vllm_eval_job.py \
+  --model "model-id" \
+  --task "leaderboard|mmlu|5" \
+  --framework lighteval
+```
+
+### Model-Index Format
+
+The generated model-index follows this structure:
+
+```yaml
+model-index:
+  - name: Model Name
+    results:
+      - task:
+          type: text-generation
+        dataset:
+          name: Benchmark Dataset
+          type: benchmark_type
+        metrics:
+          - name: MMLU
+            type: mmlu
+            value: 85.2
+          - name: HumanEval
+            type: humaneval
+            value: 72.5
+        source:
+          name: Source Name
+          url: https://source-url.com
+```
+
+WARNING: Do not use markdown formatting in the model name. Use the exact name from the table. Only use urls in the source.url field.
+
+### Error Handling
+- **Table Not Found**: Script will report if no evaluation tables are detected
+- **Invalid Format**: Clear error messages for malformed tables
+- **API Errors**: Retry logic for transient Artificial Analysis API failures
+- **Token Issues**: Validation before attempting updates
+- **Merge Conflicts**: Preserves existing model-index entries when adding new ones
+- **Space Creation**: Handles naming conflicts and hardware request failures gracefully
+
+### Best Practices
+
+1. **Check for existing PRs first**: Run `get-prs` before creating any new PR to avoid duplicates
+2. **Always start with `inspect-tables`**: See table structure and get the correct extraction command
+3. **Use `--help` for guidance**: Run `inspect-tables --help` to see the complete workflow
+4. **Preview first**: Default behavior prints YAML; review it before using `--apply` or `--create-pr`
+5. **Verify extracted values**: Compare YAML output against the README table manually
+6. **Use `--table N` for multi-table READMEs**: Required when multiple evaluation tables exist
+7. **Use `--model-name-override` for comparison tables**: Copy the exact column header from `inspect-tables` output
+8. **Create PRs for Others**: Use `--create-pr` when updating models you don't own
+9. **One model per repo**: Only add the main model's results to model-index
+10. **No markdown in YAML names**: The model name field in YAML should be plain text
+
+### Model Name Matching
+
+When extracting evaluation tables with multiple models (either as columns or rows), the script uses **exact normalized token matching**:
+
+- Removes markdown formatting (bold `**`, links `[]()`  )
+- Normalizes names (lowercase, replace `-` and `_` with spaces)
+- Compares token sets: `"OLMo-3-32B"` → `{"olmo", "3", "32b"}` matches `"**Olmo 3 32B**"` or `"Olmo-3-32B`
+- Only extracts if tokens match exactly (handles different word orders and separators)
+- Fails if no exact match found (rather than guessing from similar names)
+
+**For column-based tables** (benchmarks as rows, models as columns):
+- Finds the column header matching the model name
+- Extracts scores from that column only
+
+**For transposed tables** (models as rows, benchmarks as columns):
+- Finds the row in the first column matching the model name
+- Extracts all benchmark scores from that row only
+
+This ensures only the correct model's scores are extracted, never unrelated models or training checkpoints.
+
+### Common Patterns
+
+**Update Your Own Model:**
+```bash
+# Extract from README and push directly
+uv run scripts/evaluation_manager.py extract-readme \
+  --repo-id "your-username/your-model" \
+  --task-type "text-generation"
+```
+
+**Update Someone Else's Model (Full Workflow):**
+```bash
+# Step 1: ALWAYS check for existing PRs first
+uv run scripts/evaluation_manager.py get-prs \
+  --repo-id "other-username/their-model"
+
+# Step 2: If NO open PRs exist, proceed with creating one
+uv run scripts/evaluation_manager.py extract-readme \
+  --repo-id "other-username/their-model" \
+  --create-pr
+
+# If open PRs DO exist:
+# - Warn the user about existing PRs
+# - Show them the PR URLs
+# - Do NOT create a new PR unless user explicitly confirms
+```
+
+**Import Fresh Benchmarks:**
+```bash
+# Step 1: Check for existing PRs
+uv run scripts/evaluation_manager.py get-prs \
+  --repo-id "anthropic/claude-sonnet-4"
+
+# Step 2: If no PRs, import from Artificial Analysis
+AA_API_KEY=... uv run scripts/evaluation_manager.py import-aa \
+  --creator-slug "anthropic" \
+  --model-name "claude-sonnet-4" \
+  --repo-id "anthropic/claude-sonnet-4" \
+  --create-pr
+```
+
+### Troubleshooting
+
+**Issue**: "No evaluation tables found in README"
+- **Solution**: Check if README contains markdown tables with numeric scores
+
+**Issue**: "Could not find model 'X' in transposed table"
+- **Solution**: The script will display available models. Use `--model-name-override` with the exact name from the list
+- **Example**: `--model-name-override "**Olmo 3-32B**"`
+
+**Issue**: "AA_API_KEY not set"
+- **Solution**: Set environment variable or add to .env file
+
+**Issue**: "Token does not have write access"
+- **Solution**: Ensure HF_TOKEN has write permissions for the repository
+
+**Issue**: "Model not found in Artificial Analysis"
+- **Solution**: Verify creator-slug and model-name match API values
+
+**Issue**: "Payment required for hardware"
+- **Solution**: Add a payment method to your Hugging Face account to use non-CPU hardware
+
+**Issue**: "vLLM out of memory" or CUDA OOM
+- **Solution**: Use a larger hardware flavor, reduce `--gpu-memory-utilization`, or use `--tensor-parallel-size` for multi-GPU
+
+**Issue**: "Model architecture not supported by vLLM"
+- **Solution**: Use `--backend hf` (inspect-ai) or `--backend accelerate` (lighteval) for HuggingFace Transformers
+
+**Issue**: "Trust remote code required"
+- **Solution**: Add `--trust-remote-code` flag for models with custom code (e.g., Phi-2, Qwen)
+
+**Issue**: "Chat template not found"
+- **Solution**: Only use `--use-chat-template` for instruction-tuned models that include a chat template
+
+### Integration Examples
+
+**Python Script Integration:**
+```python
+import subprocess
+import os
+
+def update_model_evaluations(repo_id, readme_content):
+    """Update model card with evaluations from README."""
+    result = subprocess.run([
+        "python", "scripts/evaluation_manager.py",
+        "extract-readme",
+        "--repo-id", repo_id,
+        "--create-pr"
+    ], capture_output=True, text=True)
+
+    if result.returncode == 0:
+        print(f"Successfully updated {repo_id}")
+    else:
+        print(f"Error: {result.stderr}")
+```