wasmtime 21.0.1 → 22.0.0

data/ext/cargo-vendor/cranelift-codegen-0.108.1/src/verifier/mod.rs

@@ -1,1957 +0,0 @@
-//! A verifier for ensuring that functions are well formed.
-//! It verifies:
-//!
-//! block integrity
-//!
-//! - All instructions reached from the `block_insts` iterator must belong to
-//!   the block as reported by `inst_block()`.
-//! - Every block must end in a terminator instruction, and no other instruction
-//!   can be a terminator.
-//! - Every value in the `block_params` iterator belongs to the block as reported by `value_block`.
-//!
-//! Instruction integrity
-//!
-//! - The instruction format must match the opcode.
-//! - All result values must be created for multi-valued instructions.
-//! - All referenced entities must exist. (Values, blocks, stack slots, ...)
-//! - Instructions must not reference (eg. branch to) the entry block.
-//!
-//! SSA form
-//!
-//! - Values must be defined by an instruction that exists and that is inserted in
-//!   a block, or be an argument of an existing block.
-//! - Values used by an instruction must dominate the instruction.
-//!
-//! Control flow graph and dominator tree integrity:
-//!
-//! - All predecessors in the CFG must be branches to the block.
-//! - All branches to a block must be present in the CFG.
-//! - A recomputed dominator tree is identical to the existing one.
-//! - The entry block must not be a cold block.
-//!
-//! Type checking
-//!
-//! - Compare input and output values against the opcode's type constraints.
-//!   For polymorphic opcodes, determine the controlling type variable first.
-//! - Branches and jumps must pass arguments to destination blocks that match the
-//!   expected types exactly. The number of arguments must match.
-//! - All blocks in a jump table must take no arguments.
-//! - Function calls are type checked against their signature.
-//! - The entry block must take arguments that match the signature of the current
-//!   function.
-//! - All return instructions must have return value operands matching the current
-//!   function signature.
-//!
-//! Global values
-//!
-//! - Detect cycles in global values.
-//! - Detect use of 'vmctx' global value when no corresponding parameter is defined.
-//!
-//! Memory types
-//!
-//! - Ensure that struct fields are in offset order.
-//! - Ensure that struct fields are completely within the overall
-//!   struct size, and do not overlap.
-//!
-//! TODO:
-//! Ad hoc checking
-//!
-//! - Stack slot loads and stores must be in-bounds.
-//! - Immediate constraints for certain opcodes, like `udiv_imm v3, 0`.
-//! - `Insertlane` and `extractlane` instructions have immediate lane numbers that must be in
-//!   range for their polymorphic type.
-//! - Swizzle and shuffle instructions take a variable number of lane arguments. The number
-//!   of arguments must match the destination type, and the lane indexes must be in range.
-
-use crate::dbg::DisplayList;
-use crate::dominator_tree::DominatorTree;
-use crate::entity::SparseSet;
-use crate::flowgraph::{BlockPredecessor, ControlFlowGraph};
-use crate::ir::entities::AnyEntity;
-use crate::ir::instructions::{CallInfo, InstructionFormat, ResolvedConstraint};
-use crate::ir::{self, ArgumentExtension};
-use crate::ir::{
-    types, ArgumentPurpose, Block, Constant, DynamicStackSlot, FuncRef, Function, GlobalValue,
-    Inst, JumpTable, MemFlags, MemoryTypeData, Opcode, SigRef, StackSlot, Type, Value, ValueDef,
-    ValueList,
-};
-use crate::isa::TargetIsa;
-use crate::iterators::IteratorExtras;
-use crate::print_errors::pretty_verifier_error;
-use crate::settings::FlagsOrIsa;
-use crate::timing;
-use alloc::collections::BTreeSet;
-use alloc::string::{String, ToString};
-use alloc::vec::Vec;
-use core::cmp::Ordering;
-use core::fmt::{self, Display, Formatter};
-
-/// A verifier error.
-#[derive(Debug, PartialEq, Eq, Clone)]
-pub struct VerifierError {
-    /// The entity causing the verifier error.
-    pub location: AnyEntity,
-    /// Optionally provide some context for the given location; e.g., for `inst42` provide
-    /// `Some("v3 = iconst.i32 0")` for more comprehensible errors.
-    pub context: Option<String>,
-    /// The error message.
-    pub message: String,
-}
-
-// This is manually implementing Error and Display instead of using thiserror to reduce the amount
-// of dependencies used by Cranelift.
-impl std::error::Error for VerifierError {}
-
-impl Display for VerifierError {
-    fn fmt(&self, f: &mut Formatter) -> fmt::Result {
-        match &self.context {
-            None => write!(f, "{}: {}", self.location, self.message),
-            Some(context) => write!(f, "{} ({}): {}", self.location, context, self.message),
-        }
-    }
-}
-
-/// Convenience converter for making error-reporting less verbose.
-///
-/// Converts a tuple of `(location, context, message)` to a `VerifierError`.
-/// ```
-/// use cranelift_codegen::verifier::VerifierErrors;
-/// use cranelift_codegen::ir::Inst;
-/// let mut errors = VerifierErrors::new();
-/// errors.report((Inst::from_u32(42), "v3 = iadd v1, v2", "iadd cannot be used with values of this type"));
-/// // note the double parenthenses to use this syntax
-/// ```
-impl<L, C, M> From<(L, C, M)> for VerifierError
-where
-    L: Into<AnyEntity>,
-    C: Into<String>,
-    M: Into<String>,
-{
-    fn from(items: (L, C, M)) -> Self {
-        let (location, context, message) = items;
-        Self {
-            location: location.into(),
-            context: Some(context.into()),
-            message: message.into(),
-        }
-    }
-}
-
-/// Convenience converter for making error-reporting less verbose.
-///
-/// Same as above but without `context`.
-impl<L, M> From<(L, M)> for VerifierError
-where
-    L: Into<AnyEntity>,
-    M: Into<String>,
-{
-    fn from(items: (L, M)) -> Self {
-        let (location, message) = items;
-        Self {
-            location: location.into(),
-            context: None,
-            message: message.into(),
-        }
-    }
-}
-
-/// Result of a step in the verification process.
-///
-/// Functions that return `VerifierStepResult` should also take a
-/// mutable reference to `VerifierErrors` as argument in order to report
-/// errors.
-///
-/// Here, `Ok` represents a step that **did not lead to a fatal error**,
-/// meaning that the verification process may continue. However, other (non-fatal)
-/// errors might have been reported through the previously mentioned `VerifierErrors`
-/// argument.
-pub type VerifierStepResult = Result<(), ()>;
-
-/// Result of a verification operation.
-///
-/// Unlike `VerifierStepResult` which may be `Ok` while still having reported
-/// errors, this type always returns `Err` if an error (fatal or not) was reported.
-pub type VerifierResult<T> = Result<T, VerifierErrors>;
-
-/// List of verifier errors.
-#[derive(Debug, Default, PartialEq, Eq, Clone)]
-pub struct VerifierErrors(pub Vec<VerifierError>);
-
-// This is manually implementing Error and Display instead of using thiserror to reduce the amount
-// of dependencies used by Cranelift.
-impl std::error::Error for VerifierErrors {}
-
-impl VerifierErrors {
-    /// Return a new `VerifierErrors` struct.
-    #[inline]
-    pub fn new() -> Self {
-        Self(Vec::new())
-    }
-
-    /// Return whether no errors were reported.
-    #[inline]
-    pub fn is_empty(&self) -> bool {
-        self.0.is_empty()
-    }
-
-    /// Return whether one or more errors were reported.
-    #[inline]
-    pub fn has_error(&self) -> bool {
-        !self.0.is_empty()
-    }
-
-    /// Return a `VerifierStepResult` that is fatal if at least one error was reported,
-    /// and non-fatal otherwise.
-    #[inline]
-    pub fn as_result(&self) -> VerifierStepResult {
-        if self.is_empty() {
-            Ok(())
-        } else {
-            Err(())
-        }
-    }
-
-    /// Report an error, adding it to the list of errors.
-    pub fn report(&mut self, error: impl Into<VerifierError>) {
-        self.0.push(error.into());
-    }
-
-    /// Report a fatal error and return `Err`.
-    pub fn fatal(&mut self, error: impl Into<VerifierError>) -> VerifierStepResult {
-        self.report(error);
-        Err(())
-    }
-
-    /// Report a non-fatal error and return `Ok`.
-    pub fn nonfatal(&mut self, error: impl Into<VerifierError>) -> VerifierStepResult {
-        self.report(error);
-        Ok(())
-    }
-}
-
-impl From<Vec<VerifierError>> for VerifierErrors {
-    fn from(v: Vec<VerifierError>) -> Self {
-        Self(v)
-    }
-}
-
-impl Into<Vec<VerifierError>> for VerifierErrors {
-    fn into(self) -> Vec<VerifierError> {
-        self.0
-    }
-}
-
-impl Into<VerifierResult<()>> for VerifierErrors {
-    fn into(self) -> VerifierResult<()> {
-        if self.is_empty() {
-            Ok(())
-        } else {
-            Err(self)
-        }
-    }
-}
-
-impl Display for VerifierErrors {
-    fn fmt(&self, f: &mut Formatter) -> fmt::Result {
-        for err in &self.0 {
-            writeln!(f, "- {}", err)?;
-        }
-        Ok(())
-    }
-}
-
-/// Verify `func`.
-pub fn verify_function<'a, FOI: Into<FlagsOrIsa<'a>>>(
-    func: &Function,
-    fisa: FOI,
-) -> VerifierResult<()> {
-    let _tt = timing::verifier();
-    let mut errors = VerifierErrors::default();
-    let verifier = Verifier::new(func, fisa.into());
-    let result = verifier.run(&mut errors);
-    if errors.is_empty() {
-        result.unwrap();
-        Ok(())
-    } else {
-        Err(errors)
-    }
-}
-
-/// Verify `func` after checking the integrity of associated context data structures `cfg` and
-/// `domtree`.
-pub fn verify_context<'a, FOI: Into<FlagsOrIsa<'a>>>(
-    func: &Function,
-    cfg: &ControlFlowGraph,
-    domtree: &DominatorTree,
-    fisa: FOI,
-    errors: &mut VerifierErrors,
-) -> VerifierStepResult {
-    let _tt = timing::verifier();
-    let verifier = Verifier::new(func, fisa.into());
-    if cfg.is_valid() {
-        verifier.cfg_integrity(cfg, errors)?;
-    }
-    if domtree.is_valid() {
-        verifier.domtree_integrity(domtree, errors)?;
-    }
-    verifier.run(errors)
-}
-
-struct Verifier<'a> {
-    func: &'a Function,
-    expected_cfg: ControlFlowGraph,
-    expected_domtree: DominatorTree,
-    isa: Option<&'a dyn TargetIsa>,
-}
-
-impl<'a> Verifier<'a> {
-    pub fn new(func: &'a Function, fisa: FlagsOrIsa<'a>) -> Self {
-        let expected_cfg = ControlFlowGraph::with_function(func);
-        let expected_domtree = DominatorTree::with_function(func, &expected_cfg);
-        Self {
-            func,
-            expected_cfg,
-            expected_domtree,
-            isa: fisa.isa,
-        }
-    }
-
-    /// Determine a contextual error string for an instruction.
-    #[inline]
-    fn context(&self, inst: Inst) -> String {
-        self.func.dfg.display_inst(inst).to_string()
-    }
-
-    // Check for:
-    //  - cycles in the global value declarations.
-    //  - use of 'vmctx' when no special parameter declares it.
-    fn verify_global_values(&self, errors: &mut VerifierErrors) -> VerifierStepResult {
-        let mut cycle_seen = false;
-        let mut seen = SparseSet::new();
-
-        'gvs: for gv in self.func.global_values.keys() {
-            seen.clear();
-            seen.insert(gv);
-
-            let mut cur = gv;
-            loop {
-                match self.func.global_values[cur] {
-                    ir::GlobalValueData::Load { base, .. }
-                    | ir::GlobalValueData::IAddImm { base, .. } => {
-                        if seen.insert(base).is_some() {
-                            if !cycle_seen {
-                                errors.report((
-                                    gv,
-                                    format!("global value cycle: {}", DisplayList(seen.as_slice())),
-                                ));
-                                // ensures we don't report the cycle multiple times
-                                cycle_seen = true;
-                            }
-                            continue 'gvs;
-                        }
-
-                        cur = base;
-                    }
-                    _ => break,
-                }
-            }
-
-            match self.func.global_values[gv] {
-                ir::GlobalValueData::VMContext { .. } => {
-                    if self
-                        .func
-                        .special_param(ir::ArgumentPurpose::VMContext)
-                        .is_none()
-                    {
-                        errors.report((gv, format!("undeclared vmctx reference {}", gv)));
-                    }
-                }
-                ir::GlobalValueData::IAddImm {
-                    base, global_type, ..
-                } => {
-                    if !global_type.is_int() {
-                        errors.report((
-                            gv,
-                            format!("iadd_imm global value with non-int type {}", global_type),
-                        ));
-                    } else if let Some(isa) = self.isa {
-                        let base_type = self.func.global_values[base].global_type(isa);
-                        if global_type != base_type {
-                            errors.report((
-                                gv,
-                                format!(
-                                    "iadd_imm type {} differs from operand type {}",
-                                    global_type, base_type
-                                ),
-                            ));
-                        }
-                    }
-                }
-                ir::GlobalValueData::Load { base, .. } => {
-                    if let Some(isa) = self.isa {
-                        let base_type = self.func.global_values[base].global_type(isa);
-                        let pointer_type = isa.pointer_type();
-                        if base_type != pointer_type {
-                            errors.report((
-                                gv,
-                                format!(
-                                    "base {} has type {}, which is not the pointer type {}",
-                                    base, base_type, pointer_type
-                                ),
-                            ));
-                        }
-                    }
-                }
-                _ => {}
-            }
-        }
-
-        // Invalid global values shouldn't stop us from verifying the rest of the function
-        Ok(())
-    }
-
-    fn verify_memory_types(&self, errors: &mut VerifierErrors) -> VerifierStepResult {
-        // Verify that all fields are statically-sized and lie within
-        // the struct, do not overlap, and are in offset order
-        for (mt, mt_data) in &self.func.memory_types {
-            match mt_data {
-                MemoryTypeData::Struct { size, fields } => {
-                    let mut last_offset = 0;
-                    for field in fields {
-                        if field.offset < last_offset {
-                            errors.report((
-                                mt,
-                                format!(
-                                    "memory type {} has a field at offset {}, which is out-of-order",
-                                    mt, field.offset
-                                ),
-                            ));
-                        }
-                        last_offset = match field.offset.checked_add(u64::from(field.ty.bytes())) {
-                            Some(o) => o,
-                            None => {
-                                errors.report((
-                                        mt,
-                                        format!(
-                                            "memory type {} has a field at offset {} of size {}; offset plus size overflows a u64",
-                                            mt, field.offset, field.ty.bytes()),
-                                ));
-                                break;
-                            }
-                        };
-
-                        if last_offset > *size {
-                            errors.report((
-                                        mt,
-                                        format!(
-                                            "memory type {} has a field at offset {} of size {} that overflows the struct size {}",
-                                            mt, field.offset, field.ty.bytes(), *size),
-                                          ));
-                        }
-                    }
-                }
-                _ => {}
-            }
-        }
-
-        Ok(())
-    }
-
-    /// Check that the given block can be encoded as a BB, by checking that only
-    /// branching instructions are ending the block.
-    fn encodable_as_bb(&self, block: Block, errors: &mut VerifierErrors) -> VerifierStepResult {
-        match self.func.is_block_basic(block) {
-            Ok(()) => Ok(()),
-            Err((inst, message)) => errors.fatal((inst, self.context(inst), message)),
-        }
-    }
-
-    fn block_integrity(
-        &self,
-        block: Block,
-        inst: Inst,
-        errors: &mut VerifierErrors,
-    ) -> VerifierStepResult {
-        let is_terminator = self.func.dfg.insts[inst].opcode().is_terminator();
-        let is_last_inst = self.func.layout.last_inst(block) == Some(inst);
-
-        if is_terminator && !is_last_inst {
-            // Terminating instructions only occur at the end of blocks.
-            return errors.fatal((
-                inst,
-                self.context(inst),
-                format!(
-                    "a terminator instruction was encountered before the end of {}",
-                    block
-                ),
-            ));
-        }
-        if is_last_inst && !is_terminator {
-            return errors.fatal((block, "block does not end in a terminator instruction"));
-        }
-
-        // Instructions belong to the correct block.
-        let inst_block = self.func.layout.inst_block(inst);
-        if inst_block != Some(block) {
-            return errors.fatal((
-                inst,
-                self.context(inst),
-                format!("should belong to {} not {:?}", block, inst_block),
-            ));
-        }
-
-        // Parameters belong to the correct block.
-        for &arg in self.func.dfg.block_params(block) {
-            match self.func.dfg.value_def(arg) {
-                ValueDef::Param(arg_block, _) => {
-                    if block != arg_block {
-                        return errors.fatal((arg, format!("does not belong to {}", block)));
-                    }
-                }
-                _ => {
-                    return errors.fatal((arg, "expected an argument, found a result"));
-                }
-            }
-        }
-
-        Ok(())
-    }
-
-    fn instruction_integrity(&self, inst: Inst, errors: &mut VerifierErrors) -> VerifierStepResult {
-        let inst_data = &self.func.dfg.insts[inst];
-        let dfg = &self.func.dfg;
-
-        // The instruction format matches the opcode
-        if inst_data.opcode().format() != InstructionFormat::from(inst_data) {
-            return errors.fatal((
-                inst,
-                self.context(inst),
-                "instruction opcode doesn't match instruction format",
-            ));
-        }
-
-        let expected_num_results = dfg.num_expected_results_for_verifier(inst);
-
-        // All result values for multi-valued instructions are created
-        let got_results = dfg.inst_results(inst).len();
-        if got_results != expected_num_results {
-            return errors.fatal((
-                inst,
-                self.context(inst),
-                format!("expected {expected_num_results} result values, found {got_results}"),
-            ));
-        }
-
-        self.verify_entity_references(inst, errors)
-    }
-
-    fn verify_entity_references(
-        &self,
-        inst: Inst,
-        errors: &mut VerifierErrors,
-    ) -> VerifierStepResult {
-        use crate::ir::instructions::InstructionData::*;
-
-        for arg in self.func.dfg.inst_values(inst) {
-            self.verify_inst_arg(inst, arg, errors)?;
-
-            // All used values must be attached to something.
-            let original = self.func.dfg.resolve_aliases(arg);
-            if !self.func.dfg.value_is_attached(original) {
-                errors.report((
-                    inst,
-                    self.context(inst),
-                    format!("argument {} -> {} is not attached", arg, original),
-                ));
-            }
-        }
-
-        for &res in self.func.dfg.inst_results(inst) {
-            self.verify_inst_result(inst, res, errors)?;
-        }
-
-        match self.func.dfg.insts[inst] {
-            MultiAry { ref args, .. } => {
-                self.verify_value_list(inst, args, errors)?;
-            }
-            Jump { destination, .. } => {
-                self.verify_block(inst, destination.block(&self.func.dfg.value_lists), errors)?;
-            }
-            Brif {
-                arg,
-                blocks: [block_then, block_else],
-                ..
-            } => {
-                self.verify_value(inst, arg, errors)?;
-                self.verify_block(inst, block_then.block(&self.func.dfg.value_lists), errors)?;
-                self.verify_block(inst, block_else.block(&self.func.dfg.value_lists), errors)?;
-            }
-            BranchTable { table, .. } => {
-                self.verify_jump_table(inst, table, errors)?;
-            }
-            Call {
-                func_ref, ref args, ..
-            } => {
-                self.verify_func_ref(inst, func_ref, errors)?;
-                self.verify_value_list(inst, args, errors)?;
-            }
-            CallIndirect {
-                sig_ref, ref args, ..
-            } => {
-                self.verify_sig_ref(inst, sig_ref, errors)?;
-                self.verify_value_list(inst, args, errors)?;
-            }
-            FuncAddr { func_ref, .. } => {
-                self.verify_func_ref(inst, func_ref, errors)?;
-            }
-            StackLoad { stack_slot, .. } | StackStore { stack_slot, .. } => {
-                self.verify_stack_slot(inst, stack_slot, errors)?;
-            }
-            DynamicStackLoad {
-                dynamic_stack_slot, ..
-            }
-            | DynamicStackStore {
-                dynamic_stack_slot, ..
-            } => {
-                self.verify_dynamic_stack_slot(inst, dynamic_stack_slot, errors)?;
-            }
-            UnaryGlobalValue { global_value, .. } => {
-                self.verify_global_value(inst, global_value, errors)?;
-            }
-            NullAry {
-                opcode: Opcode::GetPinnedReg,
-            }
-            | Unary {
-                opcode: Opcode::SetPinnedReg,
-                ..
-            } => {
-                if let Some(isa) = &self.isa {
-                    if !isa.flags().enable_pinned_reg() {
-                        return errors.fatal((
-                            inst,
-                            self.context(inst),
-                            "GetPinnedReg/SetPinnedReg cannot be used without enable_pinned_reg",
-                        ));
-                    }
-                } else {
-                    return errors.fatal((
-                        inst,
-                        self.context(inst),
-                        "GetPinnedReg/SetPinnedReg need an ISA!",
-                    ));
-                }
-            }
-            NullAry {
-                opcode: Opcode::GetFramePointer | Opcode::GetReturnAddress,
-            } => {
-                if let Some(isa) = &self.isa {
-                    // Backends may already rely on this check implicitly, so do
-                    // not relax it without verifying that it is safe to do so.
-                    if !isa.flags().preserve_frame_pointers() {
-                        return errors.fatal((
-                            inst,
-                            self.context(inst),
-                            "`get_frame_pointer`/`get_return_address` cannot be used without \
-                             enabling `preserve_frame_pointers`",
-                        ));
-                    }
-                } else {
-                    return errors.fatal((
-                        inst,
-                        self.context(inst),
-                        "`get_frame_pointer`/`get_return_address` require an ISA!",
-                    ));
-                }
-            }
-            LoadNoOffset {
-                opcode: Opcode::Bitcast,
-                flags,
-                arg,
-            } => {
-                self.verify_bitcast(inst, flags, arg, errors)?;
-            }
-            UnaryConst {
-                opcode: Opcode::Vconst,
-                constant_handle,
-                ..
-            } => {
-                self.verify_constant_size(inst, constant_handle, errors)?;
-            }
-
-            // Exhaustive list so we can't forget to add new formats
-            AtomicCas { .. }
-            | AtomicRmw { .. }
-            | LoadNoOffset { .. }
-            | StoreNoOffset { .. }
-            | Unary { .. }
-            | UnaryConst { .. }
-            | UnaryImm { .. }
-            | UnaryIeee32 { .. }
-            | UnaryIeee64 { .. }
-            | Binary { .. }
-            | BinaryImm8 { .. }
-            | BinaryImm64 { .. }
-            | Ternary { .. }
-            | TernaryImm8 { .. }
-            | Shuffle { .. }
-            | IntAddTrap { .. }
-            | IntCompare { .. }
-            | IntCompareImm { .. }
-            | FloatCompare { .. }
-            | Load { .. }
-            | Store { .. }
-            | Trap { .. }
-            | CondTrap { .. }
-            | NullAry { .. } => {}
-        }
-
-        Ok(())
-    }
-
-    fn verify_block(
-        &self,
-        loc: impl Into<AnyEntity>,
-        e: Block,
-        errors: &mut VerifierErrors,
-    ) -> VerifierStepResult {
-        if !self.func.dfg.block_is_valid(e) || !self.func.layout.is_block_inserted(e) {
-            return errors.fatal((loc, format!("invalid block reference {}", e)));
-        }
-        if let Some(entry_block) = self.func.layout.entry_block() {
-            if e == entry_block {
-                return errors.fatal((loc, format!("invalid reference to entry block {}", e)));
-            }
-        }
-        Ok(())
-    }
-
-    fn verify_sig_ref(
-        &self,
-        inst: Inst,
-        s: SigRef,
-        errors: &mut VerifierErrors,
-    ) -> VerifierStepResult {
-        if !self.func.dfg.signatures.is_valid(s) {
-            errors.fatal((
-                inst,
-                self.context(inst),
-                format!("invalid signature reference {}", s),
-            ))
-        } else {
-            Ok(())
-        }
-    }
-
-    fn verify_func_ref(
-        &self,
-        inst: Inst,
-        f: FuncRef,
-        errors: &mut VerifierErrors,
-    ) -> VerifierStepResult {
-        if !self.func.dfg.ext_funcs.is_valid(f) {
-            errors.nonfatal((
-                inst,
-                self.context(inst),
-                format!("invalid function reference {}", f),
-            ))
-        } else {
-            Ok(())
-        }
-    }
-
-    fn verify_stack_slot(
-        &self,
-        inst: Inst,
-        ss: StackSlot,
-        errors: &mut VerifierErrors,
-    ) -> VerifierStepResult {
-        if !self.func.sized_stack_slots.is_valid(ss) {
-            errors.nonfatal((
-                inst,
-                self.context(inst),
-                format!("invalid stack slot {}", ss),
-            ))
-        } else {
-            Ok(())
-        }
-    }
-
-    fn verify_dynamic_stack_slot(
-        &self,
-        inst: Inst,
-        ss: DynamicStackSlot,
-        errors: &mut VerifierErrors,
-    ) -> VerifierStepResult {
-        if !self.func.dynamic_stack_slots.is_valid(ss) {
-            errors.nonfatal((
-                inst,
-                self.context(inst),
-                format!("invalid dynamic stack slot {}", ss),
-            ))
-        } else {
-            Ok(())
-        }
-    }
-
-    fn verify_global_value(
-        &self,
-        inst: Inst,
-        gv: GlobalValue,
-        errors: &mut VerifierErrors,
-    ) -> VerifierStepResult {
-        if !self.func.global_values.is_valid(gv) {
-            errors.nonfatal((
-                inst,
-                self.context(inst),
-                format!("invalid global value {}", gv),
-            ))
-        } else {
-            Ok(())
-        }
-    }
-
-    fn verify_value_list(
-        &self,
-        inst: Inst,
-        l: &ValueList,
-        errors: &mut VerifierErrors,
-    ) -> VerifierStepResult {
-        if !l.is_valid(&self.func.dfg.value_lists) {
-            errors.nonfatal((
-                inst,
-                self.context(inst),
-                format!("invalid value list reference {:?}", l),
-            ))
-        } else {
-            Ok(())
-        }
-    }
-
-    fn verify_jump_table(
-        &self,
-        inst: Inst,
-        j: JumpTable,
-        errors: &mut VerifierErrors,
-    ) -> VerifierStepResult {
-        if !self.func.stencil.dfg.jump_tables.is_valid(j) {
-            errors.nonfatal((
-                inst,
-                self.context(inst),
-                format!("invalid jump table reference {}", j),
-            ))
-        } else {
-            let pool = &self.func.stencil.dfg.value_lists;
-            for block in self.func.stencil.dfg.jump_tables[j].all_branches() {
-                self.verify_block(inst, block.block(pool), errors)?;
-            }
-            Ok(())
-        }
-    }
-
-    fn verify_value(
-        &self,
-        loc_inst: Inst,
-        v: Value,
-        errors: &mut VerifierErrors,
-    ) -> VerifierStepResult {
-        let dfg = &self.func.dfg;
-        if !dfg.value_is_valid(v) {
-            errors.nonfatal((
-                loc_inst,
-                self.context(loc_inst),
-                format!("invalid value reference {}", v),
-            ))
-        } else {
-            Ok(())
-        }
-    }
-
-    fn verify_inst_arg(
-        &self,
-        loc_inst: Inst,
-        v: Value,
-        errors: &mut VerifierErrors,
-    ) -> VerifierStepResult {
-        self.verify_value(loc_inst, v, errors)?;
-
-        let dfg = &self.func.dfg;
-        let loc_block = self
-            .func
-            .layout
-            .inst_block(loc_inst)
-            .expect("Instruction not in layout.");
-        let is_reachable = self.expected_domtree.is_reachable(loc_block);
-
-        // SSA form
-        match dfg.value_def(v) {
-            ValueDef::Result(def_inst, _) => {
-                // Value is defined by an instruction that exists.
-                if !dfg.inst_is_valid(def_inst) {
-                    return errors.fatal((
-                        loc_inst,
-                        self.context(loc_inst),
-                        format!("{} is defined by invalid instruction {}", v, def_inst),
-                    ));
-                }
-                // Defining instruction is inserted in a block.
-                if self.func.layout.inst_block(def_inst) == None {
-                    return errors.fatal((
-                        loc_inst,
-                        self.context(loc_inst),
-                        format!("{} is defined by {} which has no block", v, def_inst),
-                    ));
-                }
-                // Defining instruction dominates the instruction that uses the value.
-                if is_reachable {
-                    if !self
-                        .expected_domtree
-                        .dominates(def_inst, loc_inst, &self.func.layout)
-                    {
-                        return errors.fatal((
-                            loc_inst,
-                            self.context(loc_inst),
-                            format!("uses value {} from non-dominating {}", v, def_inst),
-                        ));
-                    }
-                    if def_inst == loc_inst {
-                        return errors.fatal((
-                            loc_inst,
-                            self.context(loc_inst),
-                            format!("uses value {} from itself", v),
-                        ));
-                    }
-                }
-            }
-            ValueDef::Param(block, _) => {
-                // Value is defined by an existing block.
-                if !dfg.block_is_valid(block) {
-                    return errors.fatal((
-                        loc_inst,
-                        self.context(loc_inst),
-                        format!("{} is defined by invalid block {}", v, block),
-                    ));
-                }
-                // Defining block is inserted in the layout
-                if !self.func.layout.is_block_inserted(block) {
-                    return errors.fatal((
-                        loc_inst,
-                        self.context(loc_inst),
-                        format!("{} is defined by {} which is not in the layout", v, block),
-                    ));
-                }
-                // The defining block dominates the instruction using this value.
-                if is_reachable
-                    && !self
-                        .expected_domtree
-                        .dominates(block, loc_inst, &self.func.layout)
-                {
-                    return errors.fatal((
-                        loc_inst,
-                        self.context(loc_inst),
-                        format!("uses value arg from non-dominating {}", block),
-                    ));
-                }
-            }
-            ValueDef::Union(_, _) => {
-                // Nothing: union nodes themselves have no location,
-                // so we cannot check any dominance properties.
-            }
-        }
-        Ok(())
-    }
-
-    fn verify_inst_result(
-        &self,
-        loc_inst: Inst,
-        v: Value,
-        errors: &mut VerifierErrors,
-    ) -> VerifierStepResult {
-        self.verify_value(loc_inst, v, errors)?;
-
-        match self.func.dfg.value_def(v) {
-            ValueDef::Result(def_inst, _) => {
-                if def_inst != loc_inst {
-                    errors.fatal((
-                        loc_inst,
-                        self.context(loc_inst),
-                        format!("instruction result {} is not defined by the instruction", v),
-                    ))
-                } else {
-                    Ok(())
-                }
-            }
-            ValueDef::Param(_, _) => errors.fatal((
-                loc_inst,
-                self.context(loc_inst),
-                format!("instruction result {} is not defined by the instruction", v),
-            )),
-            ValueDef::Union(_, _) => errors.fatal((
-                loc_inst,
-                self.context(loc_inst),
-                format!("instruction result {} is a union node", v),
-            )),
-        }
-    }
-
-    fn verify_bitcast(
-        &self,
-        inst: Inst,
-        flags: MemFlags,
-        arg: Value,
-        errors: &mut VerifierErrors,
-    ) -> VerifierStepResult {
-        let typ = self.func.dfg.ctrl_typevar(inst);
-        let value_type = self.func.dfg.value_type(arg);
-
-        if typ.bits() != value_type.bits() {
-            errors.fatal((
-                inst,
-                format!(
-                    "The bitcast argument {} has a type of {} bits, which doesn't match an expected type of {} bits",
-                    arg,
-                    value_type.bits(),
-                    typ.bits()
-                ),
-            ))
-        } else if flags != MemFlags::new()
-            && flags != MemFlags::new().with_endianness(ir::Endianness::Little)
-            && flags != MemFlags::new().with_endianness(ir::Endianness::Big)
-        {
-            errors.fatal((
-                inst,
-                "The bitcast instruction only accepts the `big` or `little` memory flags",
-            ))
-        } else if flags == MemFlags::new() && typ.lane_count() != value_type.lane_count() {
-            errors.fatal((
-                inst,
-                "Byte order specifier required for bitcast instruction changing lane count",
-            ))
-        } else {
-            Ok(())
-        }
-    }
-
-    fn verify_constant_size(
-        &self,
-        inst: Inst,
-        constant: Constant,
-        errors: &mut VerifierErrors,
-    ) -> VerifierStepResult {
-        let type_size = self.func.dfg.ctrl_typevar(inst).bytes() as usize;
-        let constant_size = self.func.dfg.constants.get(constant).len();
-        if type_size != constant_size {
-            errors.fatal((
-                inst,
-                format!(
-                    "The instruction expects {} to have a size of {} bytes but it has {}",
-                    constant, type_size, constant_size
-                ),
-            ))
-        } else {
-            Ok(())
-        }
-    }
-
-    fn domtree_integrity(
-        &self,
-        domtree: &DominatorTree,
-        errors: &mut VerifierErrors,
-    ) -> VerifierStepResult {
-        // We consider two `DominatorTree`s to be equal if they return the same immediate
-        // dominator for each block. Therefore the current domtree is valid if it matches the freshly
-        // computed one.
-        for block in self.func.layout.blocks() {
-            let expected = self.expected_domtree.idom(block);
-            let got = domtree.idom(block);
-            if got != expected {
-                return errors.fatal((
-                    block,
-                    format!(
-                        "invalid domtree, expected idom({}) = {:?}, got {:?}",
-                        block, expected, got
-                    ),
-                ));
-            }
-        }
-        // We also verify if the postorder defined by `DominatorTree` is sane
-        if domtree.cfg_postorder().len() != self.expected_domtree.cfg_postorder().len() {
-            return errors.fatal((
-                AnyEntity::Function,
-                "incorrect number of Blocks in postorder traversal",
-            ));
-        }
-        for (index, (&test_block, &true_block)) in domtree
-            .cfg_postorder()
-            .iter()
-            .zip(self.expected_domtree.cfg_postorder().iter())
-            .enumerate()
-        {
-            if test_block != true_block {
-                return errors.fatal((
-                    test_block,
-                    format!(
-                        "invalid domtree, postorder block number {} should be {}, got {}",
-                        index, true_block, test_block
-                    ),
-                ));
-            }
-        }
-        // We verify rpo_cmp_block on pairs of adjacent blocks in the postorder
-        for (&prev_block, &next_block) in domtree.cfg_postorder().iter().adjacent_pairs() {
-            if self.expected_domtree.rpo_cmp_block(prev_block, next_block) != Ordering::Greater {
-                return errors.fatal((
-                    next_block,
-                    format!(
-                        "invalid domtree, rpo_cmp_block does not says {} is greater than {}",
-                        prev_block, next_block
-                    ),
-                ));
-            }
-        }
-        Ok(())
-    }
-
-    fn typecheck_entry_block_params(&self, errors: &mut VerifierErrors) -> VerifierStepResult {
-        if let Some(block) = self.func.layout.entry_block() {
-            let expected_types = &self.func.signature.params;
-            let block_param_count = self.func.dfg.num_block_params(block);
-
-            if block_param_count != expected_types.len() {
-                return errors.fatal((
-                    block,
-                    format!(
-                        "entry block parameters ({}) must match function signature ({})",
-                        block_param_count,
-                        expected_types.len()
-                    ),
-                ));
-            }
-
-            for (i, &arg) in self.func.dfg.block_params(block).iter().enumerate() {
-                let arg_type = self.func.dfg.value_type(arg);
-                if arg_type != expected_types[i].value_type {
-                    errors.report((
-                        block,
-                        format!(
-                            "entry block parameter {} expected to have type {}, got {}",
-                            i, expected_types[i], arg_type
-                        ),
-                    ));
-                }
-            }
-        }
-
-        errors.as_result()
-    }
-
-    fn check_entry_not_cold(&self, errors: &mut VerifierErrors) -> VerifierStepResult {
-        if let Some(entry_block) = self.func.layout.entry_block() {
-            if self.func.layout.is_cold(entry_block) {
-                return errors
-                    .fatal((entry_block, format!("entry block cannot be marked as cold")));
-            }
-        }
-        errors.as_result()
-    }
-
-    fn typecheck(&self, inst: Inst, errors: &mut VerifierErrors) -> VerifierStepResult {
-        let inst_data = &self.func.dfg.insts[inst];
-        let constraints = inst_data.opcode().constraints();
-
-        let ctrl_type = if let Some(value_typeset) = constraints.ctrl_typeset() {
-            // For polymorphic opcodes, determine the controlling type variable first.
-            let ctrl_type = self.func.dfg.ctrl_typevar(inst);
-
-            if !value_typeset.contains(ctrl_type) {
-                errors.report((
-                    inst,
-                    self.context(inst),
-                    format!(
-                        "has an invalid controlling type {} (allowed set is {:?})",
-                        ctrl_type, value_typeset
-                    ),
-                ));
-            }
-
-            ctrl_type
-        } else {
-            // Non-polymorphic instructions don't check the controlling type variable, so `Option`
-            // is unnecessary and we can just make it `INVALID`.
-            types::INVALID
-        };
-
-        // Typechecking instructions is never fatal
-        let _ = self.typecheck_results(inst, ctrl_type, errors);
-        let _ = self.typecheck_fixed_args(inst, ctrl_type, errors);
-        let _ = self.typecheck_variable_args(inst, errors);
-        let _ = self.typecheck_return(inst, errors);
-        let _ = self.typecheck_special(inst, errors);
-
-        Ok(())
-    }
-
-    fn typecheck_results(
-        &self,
-        inst: Inst,
-        ctrl_type: Type,
-        errors: &mut VerifierErrors,
-    ) -> VerifierStepResult {
-        let mut i = 0;
-        for &result in self.func.dfg.inst_results(inst) {
-            let result_type = self.func.dfg.value_type(result);
-            let expected_type = self.func.dfg.compute_result_type(inst, i, ctrl_type);
-            if let Some(expected_type) = expected_type {
-                if result_type != expected_type {
-                    errors.report((
-                        inst,
-                        self.context(inst),
-                        format!(
-                            "expected result {} ({}) to have type {}, found {}",
-                            i, result, expected_type, result_type
-                        ),
-                    ));
-                }
-            } else {
-                return errors.nonfatal((
-                    inst,
-                    self.context(inst),
-                    "has more result values than expected",
-                ));
-            }
-            i += 1;
-        }
-
-        // There aren't any more result types left.
-        if self.func.dfg.compute_result_type(inst, i, ctrl_type) != None {
-            return errors.nonfatal((
-                inst,
-                self.context(inst),
-                "has fewer result values than expected",
-            ));
-        }
-        Ok(())
-    }
-
-    fn typecheck_fixed_args(
-        &self,
-        inst: Inst,
-        ctrl_type: Type,
-        errors: &mut VerifierErrors,
-    ) -> VerifierStepResult {
-        let constraints = self.func.dfg.insts[inst].opcode().constraints();
-
-        for (i, &arg) in self.func.dfg.inst_fixed_args(inst).iter().enumerate() {
-            let arg_type = self.func.dfg.value_type(arg);
-            match constraints.value_argument_constraint(i, ctrl_type) {
-                ResolvedConstraint::Bound(expected_type) => {
-                    if arg_type != expected_type {
-                        errors.report((
-                            inst,
-                            self.context(inst),
-                            format!(
-                                "arg {} ({}) has type {}, expected {}",
-                                i, arg, arg_type, expected_type
-                            ),
-                        ));
-                    }
-                }
-                ResolvedConstraint::Free(type_set) => {
-                    if !type_set.contains(arg_type) {
-                        errors.report((
-                            inst,
-                            self.context(inst),
-                            format!(
-                                "arg {} ({}) with type {} failed to satisfy type set {:?}",
-                                i, arg, arg_type, type_set
-                            ),
-                        ));
-                    }
-                }
-            }
-        }
-        Ok(())
-    }
-
-    /// Typecheck both instructions that contain variable arguments like calls, and those that
-    /// include references to basic blocks with their arguments.
-    fn typecheck_variable_args(
-        &self,
-        inst: Inst,
-        errors: &mut VerifierErrors,
-    ) -> VerifierStepResult {
-        match &self.func.dfg.insts[inst] {
-            ir::InstructionData::Jump { destination, .. } => {
-                self.typecheck_block_call(inst, destination, errors)?;
-            }
-            ir::InstructionData::Brif {
-                blocks: [block_then, block_else],
-                ..
-            } => {
-                self.typecheck_block_call(inst, block_then, errors)?;
-                self.typecheck_block_call(inst, block_else, errors)?;
-            }
-            ir::InstructionData::BranchTable { table, .. } => {
-                for block in self.func.stencil.dfg.jump_tables[*table].all_branches() {
-                    self.typecheck_block_call(inst, block, errors)?;
-                }
-            }
-            inst => debug_assert!(!inst.opcode().is_branch()),
-        }
-
-        match self.func.dfg.insts[inst].analyze_call(&self.func.dfg.value_lists) {
-            CallInfo::Direct(func_ref, args) => {
-                let sig_ref = self.func.dfg.ext_funcs[func_ref].signature;
-                let arg_types = self.func.dfg.signatures[sig_ref]
-                    .params
-                    .iter()
-                    .map(|a| a.value_type);
-                self.typecheck_variable_args_iterator(inst, arg_types, args, errors)?;
-            }
-            CallInfo::Indirect(sig_ref, args) => {
-                let arg_types = self.func.dfg.signatures[sig_ref]
-                    .params
-                    .iter()
-                    .map(|a| a.value_type);
-                self.typecheck_variable_args_iterator(inst, arg_types, args, errors)?;
-            }
-            CallInfo::NotACall => {}
-        }
-        Ok(())
-    }
-
-    fn typecheck_block_call(
-        &self,
-        inst: Inst,
-        block: &ir::BlockCall,
-        errors: &mut VerifierErrors,
-    ) -> VerifierStepResult {
-        let pool = &self.func.dfg.value_lists;
-        let iter = self
-            .func
-            .dfg
-            .block_params(block.block(pool))
-            .iter()
-            .map(|&v| self.func.dfg.value_type(v));
-        let args = block.args_slice(pool);
-        self.typecheck_variable_args_iterator(inst, iter, args, errors)
-    }
-
-    fn typecheck_variable_args_iterator<I: Iterator<Item = Type>>(
-        &self,
-        inst: Inst,
-        iter: I,
-        variable_args: &[Value],
-        errors: &mut VerifierErrors,
-    ) -> VerifierStepResult {
-        let mut i = 0;
-
-        for expected_type in iter {
-            if i >= variable_args.len() {
-                // Result count mismatch handled below, we want the full argument count first though
-                i += 1;
-                continue;
-            }
-            let arg = variable_args[i];
-            let arg_type = self.func.dfg.value_type(arg);
-            if expected_type != arg_type {
-                errors.report((
-                    inst,
-                    self.context(inst),
-                    format!(
-                        "arg {} ({}) has type {}, expected {}",
-                        i, variable_args[i], arg_type, expected_type
-                    ),
-                ));
-            }
-            i += 1;
-        }
-        if i != variable_args.len() {
-            return errors.nonfatal((
-                inst,
-                self.context(inst),
-                format!(
-                    "mismatched argument count for `{}`: got {}, expected {}",
-                    self.func.dfg.display_inst(inst),
-                    variable_args.len(),
-                    i,
-                ),
-            ));
-        }
-        Ok(())
-    }
-
-    fn typecheck_return(&self, inst: Inst, errors: &mut VerifierErrors) -> VerifierStepResult {
-        match self.func.dfg.insts[inst] {
-            ir::InstructionData::MultiAry {
-                opcode: Opcode::Return,
-                args,
-            } => {
-                let types = args
-                    .as_slice(&self.func.dfg.value_lists)
-                    .iter()
-                    .map(|v| self.func.dfg.value_type(*v));
-                self.typecheck_return_types(
-                    inst,
-                    types,
-                    errors,
-                    "arguments of return must match function signature",
-                )?;
-            }
-            ir::InstructionData::Call {
-                opcode: Opcode::ReturnCall,
-                func_ref,
-                ..
-            } => {
-                let sig_ref = self.func.dfg.ext_funcs[func_ref].signature;
-                self.typecheck_tail_call(inst, sig_ref, errors)?;
-            }
-            ir::InstructionData::CallIndirect {
-                opcode: Opcode::ReturnCallIndirect,
-                sig_ref,
-                ..
-            } => {
-                self.typecheck_tail_call(inst, sig_ref, errors)?;
-            }
-            inst => debug_assert!(!inst.opcode().is_return()),
-        }
-        Ok(())
-    }
-
-    fn typecheck_tail_call(
-        &self,
-        inst: Inst,
-        sig_ref: SigRef,
-        errors: &mut VerifierErrors,
-    ) -> VerifierStepResult {
-        let signature = &self.func.dfg.signatures[sig_ref];
-        let cc = signature.call_conv;
-        if !cc.supports_tail_calls() {
-            errors.report((
-                inst,
-                self.context(inst),
-                format!("calling convention `{cc}` does not support tail calls"),
-            ));
-        }
-        if cc != self.func.signature.call_conv {
-            errors.report((
-                inst,
-                self.context(inst),
-                "callee's calling convention must match caller",
-            ));
-        }
-        let types = signature.returns.iter().map(|param| param.value_type);
-        self.typecheck_return_types(inst, types, errors, "results of callee must match caller")?;
-        Ok(())
-    }
-
-    fn typecheck_return_types(
-        &self,
-        inst: Inst,
-        actual_types: impl ExactSizeIterator<Item = Type>,
-        errors: &mut VerifierErrors,
-        message: &str,
-    ) -> VerifierStepResult {
-        let expected_types = &self.func.signature.returns;
-        if actual_types.len() != expected_types.len() {
-            return errors.nonfatal((inst, self.context(inst), message));
-        }
-        for (i, (actual_type, &expected_type)) in actual_types.zip(expected_types).enumerate() {
-            if actual_type != expected_type.value_type {
-                errors.report((
-                    inst,
-                    self.context(inst),
-                    format!(
-                        "result {i} has type {actual_type}, must match function signature of \
-                         {expected_type}"
-                    ),
-                ));
-            }
-        }
-        Ok(())
-    }
-
-    // Check special-purpose type constraints that can't be expressed in the normal opcode
-    // constraints.
-    fn typecheck_special(&self, inst: Inst, errors: &mut VerifierErrors) -> VerifierStepResult {
-        match self.func.dfg.insts[inst] {
-            ir::InstructionData::UnaryGlobalValue { global_value, .. } => {
-                if let Some(isa) = self.isa {
-                    let inst_type = self.func.dfg.value_type(self.func.dfg.first_result(inst));
-                    let global_type = self.func.global_values[global_value].global_type(isa);
-                    if inst_type != global_type {
-                        return errors.nonfatal((
-                            inst, self.context(inst),
-                            format!(
-                                "global_value instruction with type {} references global value with type {}",
-                                inst_type, global_type
-                            )),
-                        );
-                    }
-                }
-            }
-            _ => {}
-        }
-        Ok(())
-    }
-
-    fn cfg_integrity(
-        &self,
-        cfg: &ControlFlowGraph,
-        errors: &mut VerifierErrors,
-    ) -> VerifierStepResult {
-        let mut expected_succs = BTreeSet::<Block>::new();
-        let mut got_succs = BTreeSet::<Block>::new();
-        let mut expected_preds = BTreeSet::<Inst>::new();
-        let mut got_preds = BTreeSet::<Inst>::new();
-
-        for block in self.func.layout.blocks() {
-            expected_succs.extend(self.expected_cfg.succ_iter(block));
-            got_succs.extend(cfg.succ_iter(block));
-
-            let missing_succs: Vec<Block> =
-                expected_succs.difference(&got_succs).cloned().collect();
-            if !missing_succs.is_empty() {
-                errors.report((
-                    block,
-                    format!("cfg lacked the following successor(s) {:?}", missing_succs),
-                ));
-                continue;
-            }
-
-            let excess_succs: Vec<Block> = got_succs.difference(&expected_succs).cloned().collect();
-            if !excess_succs.is_empty() {
-                errors.report((
-                    block,
-                    format!("cfg had unexpected successor(s) {:?}", excess_succs),
-                ));
-                continue;
-            }
-
-            expected_preds.extend(
-                self.expected_cfg
-                    .pred_iter(block)
-                    .map(|BlockPredecessor { inst, .. }| inst),
-            );
-            got_preds.extend(
-                cfg.pred_iter(block)
-                    .map(|BlockPredecessor { inst, .. }| inst),
-            );
-
-            let missing_preds: Vec<Inst> = expected_preds.difference(&got_preds).cloned().collect();
-            if !missing_preds.is_empty() {
-                errors.report((
-                    block,
-                    format!(
-                        "cfg lacked the following predecessor(s) {:?}",
-                        missing_preds
-                    ),
-                ));
-                continue;
-            }
-
-            let excess_preds: Vec<Inst> = got_preds.difference(&expected_preds).cloned().collect();
-            if !excess_preds.is_empty() {
-                errors.report((
-                    block,
-                    format!("cfg had unexpected predecessor(s) {:?}", excess_preds),
-                ));
-                continue;
-            }
-
-            expected_succs.clear();
-            got_succs.clear();
-            expected_preds.clear();
-            got_preds.clear();
-        }
-        errors.as_result()
-    }
-
-    fn immediate_constraints(&self, inst: Inst, errors: &mut VerifierErrors) -> VerifierStepResult {
-        let inst_data = &self.func.dfg.insts[inst];
-
-        match *inst_data {
-            ir::InstructionData::Store { flags, .. } => {
-                if flags.readonly() {
-                    errors.fatal((
-                        inst,
-                        self.context(inst),
-                        "A store instruction cannot have the `readonly` MemFlag",
-                    ))
-                } else {
-                    Ok(())
-                }
-            }
-            ir::InstructionData::BinaryImm8 {
-                opcode: ir::instructions::Opcode::Extractlane,
-                imm: lane,
-                arg,
-                ..
-            }
-            | ir::InstructionData::TernaryImm8 {
-                opcode: ir::instructions::Opcode::Insertlane,
-                imm: lane,
-                args: [arg, _],
-                ..
-            } => {
-                // We must be specific about the opcodes above because other instructions are using
-                // the same formats.
-                let ty = self.func.dfg.value_type(arg);
-                if lane as u32 >= ty.lane_count() {
-                    errors.fatal((
-                        inst,
-                        self.context(inst),
-                        format!("The lane {} does not index into the type {}", lane, ty,),
-                    ))
-                } else {
-                    Ok(())
-                }
-            }
-            ir::InstructionData::Shuffle {
-                opcode: ir::instructions::Opcode::Shuffle,
-                imm,
-                ..
-            } => {
-                let imm = self.func.dfg.immediates.get(imm).unwrap().as_slice();
-                if imm.len() != 16 {
-                    errors.fatal((
-                        inst,
-                        self.context(inst),
-                        format!("the shuffle immediate wasn't 16-bytes long"),
-                    ))
-                } else if let Some(i) = imm.iter().find(|i| **i >= 32) {
-                    errors.fatal((
-                        inst,
-                        self.context(inst),
-                        format!("shuffle immediate index {i} is larger than the maximum 31"),
-                    ))
-                } else {
-                    Ok(())
-                }
-            }
-            _ => Ok(()),
-        }
-    }
-
-    fn iconst_bounds(&self, inst: Inst, errors: &mut VerifierErrors) -> VerifierStepResult {
-        use crate::ir::instructions::InstructionData::UnaryImm;
-
-        let inst_data = &self.func.dfg.insts[inst];
-        if let UnaryImm {
-            opcode: Opcode::Iconst,
-            imm,
-        } = inst_data
-        {
-            let ctrl_typevar = self.func.dfg.ctrl_typevar(inst);
-            let bounds_mask = match ctrl_typevar {
-                types::I8 => u8::MAX.into(),
-                types::I16 => u16::MAX.into(),
-                types::I32 => u32::MAX.into(),
-                types::I64 => u64::MAX,
-                _ => unreachable!(),
-            };
-
-            let value = imm.bits() as u64;
-            if value & bounds_mask != value {
-                errors.fatal((
-                    inst,
-                    self.context(inst),
-                    "constant immediate is out of bounds",
-                ))
-            } else {
-                Ok(())
-            }
-        } else {
-            Ok(())
-        }
-    }
-
-    fn typecheck_function_signature(&self, errors: &mut VerifierErrors) -> VerifierStepResult {
-        let params = self
-            .func
-            .signature
-            .params
-            .iter()
-            .enumerate()
-            .map(|p| (true, p));
-        let returns = self
-            .func
-            .signature
-            .returns
-            .iter()
-            .enumerate()
-            .map(|p| (false, p));
-
-        for (is_argument, (i, param)) in params.chain(returns) {
-            let is_return = !is_argument;
-            let item = if is_argument {
-                "Parameter"
-            } else {
-                "Return value"
-            };
-
-            if param.value_type == types::INVALID {
-                errors.report((
-                    AnyEntity::Function,
-                    format!("{item} at position {i} has an invalid type"),
-                ));
-            }
-
-            if let ArgumentPurpose::StructArgument(_) = param.purpose {
-                if is_return {
-                    errors.report((
-                        AnyEntity::Function,
-                        format!("{item} at position {i} can't be an struct argument"),
-                    ))
-                }
-            }
-
-            let ty_allows_extension = param.value_type.is_int();
-            let has_extension = param.extension != ArgumentExtension::None;
-            if !ty_allows_extension && has_extension {
-                errors.report((
-                    AnyEntity::Function,
-                    format!(
-                        "{} at position {} has invalid extension {:?}",
-                        item, i, param.extension
-                    ),
-                ));
-            }
-        }
-
-        if errors.has_error() {
-            Err(())
-        } else {
-            Ok(())
-        }
-    }
-
-    pub fn run(&self, errors: &mut VerifierErrors) -> VerifierStepResult {
-        self.verify_global_values(errors)?;
-        self.verify_memory_types(errors)?;
-        self.typecheck_entry_block_params(errors)?;
-        self.check_entry_not_cold(errors)?;
-        self.typecheck_function_signature(errors)?;
-
-        for block in self.func.layout.blocks() {
-            if self.func.layout.first_inst(block).is_none() {
-                return errors.fatal((block, format!("{} cannot be empty", block)));
-            }
-            for inst in self.func.layout.block_insts(block) {
-                self.block_integrity(block, inst, errors)?;
-                self.instruction_integrity(inst, errors)?;
-                self.typecheck(inst, errors)?;
-                self.immediate_constraints(inst, errors)?;
-                self.iconst_bounds(inst, errors)?;
-            }
-
-            self.encodable_as_bb(block, errors)?;
-        }
-
-        if !errors.is_empty() {
-            log::warn!(
-                "Found verifier errors in function:\n{}",
-                pretty_verifier_error(self.func, None, errors.clone())
-            );
-        }
-
-        Ok(())
-    }
-}
-
-#[cfg(test)]
-mod tests {
-    use super::{Verifier, VerifierError, VerifierErrors};
-    use crate::ir::instructions::{InstructionData, Opcode};
-    use crate::ir::{types, AbiParam, Function, Type};
-    use crate::settings;
-
-    macro_rules! assert_err_with_msg {
-        ($e:expr, $msg:expr) => {
-            match $e.0.get(0) {
-                None => panic!("Expected an error"),
-                Some(&VerifierError { ref message, .. }) => {
-                    if !message.contains($msg) {
-                        #[cfg(feature = "std")]
-                        panic!("'{}' did not contain the substring '{}'", message, $msg);
-                        #[cfg(not(feature = "std"))]
-                        panic!("error message did not contain the expected substring");
-                    }
-                }
-            }
-        };
-    }
-
-    #[test]
-    fn empty() {
-        let func = Function::new();
-        let flags = &settings::Flags::new(settings::builder());
-        let verifier = Verifier::new(&func, flags.into());
-        let mut errors = VerifierErrors::default();
-
-        assert_eq!(verifier.run(&mut errors), Ok(()));
-        assert!(errors.0.is_empty());
-    }
-
-    #[test]
-    fn bad_instruction_format() {
-        let mut func = Function::new();
-        let block0 = func.dfg.make_block();
-        func.layout.append_block(block0);
-        let nullary_with_bad_opcode = func.dfg.make_inst(InstructionData::UnaryImm {
-            opcode: Opcode::F32const,
-            imm: 0.into(),
-        });
-        func.layout.append_inst(nullary_with_bad_opcode, block0);
-        let destination = func.dfg.block_call(block0, &[]);
-        func.stencil.layout.append_inst(
-            func.stencil.dfg.make_inst(InstructionData::Jump {
-                opcode: Opcode::Jump,
-                destination,
-            }),
-            block0,
-        );
-        let flags = &settings::Flags::new(settings::builder());
-        let verifier = Verifier::new(&func, flags.into());
-        let mut errors = VerifierErrors::default();
-
-        let _ = verifier.run(&mut errors);
-
-        assert_err_with_msg!(errors, "instruction format");
-    }
-
-    fn test_iconst_bounds(immediate: i64, ctrl_typevar: Type) -> VerifierErrors {
-        let mut func = Function::new();
-        let block0 = func.dfg.make_block();
-        func.layout.append_block(block0);
-
-        let test_inst = func.dfg.make_inst(InstructionData::UnaryImm {
-            opcode: Opcode::Iconst,
-            imm: immediate.into(),
-        });
-
-        let end_inst = func.dfg.make_inst(InstructionData::MultiAry {
-            opcode: Opcode::Return,
-            args: Default::default(),
-        });
-
-        func.dfg.make_inst_results(test_inst, ctrl_typevar);
-        func.layout.append_inst(test_inst, block0);
-        func.layout.append_inst(end_inst, block0);
-
-        let flags = &settings::Flags::new(settings::builder());
-        let verifier = Verifier::new(&func, flags.into());
-        let mut errors = VerifierErrors::default();
-
-        let _ = verifier.run(&mut errors);
-        errors
-    }
-
-    fn test_iconst_bounds_err(immediate: i64, ctrl_typevar: Type) {
-        assert_err_with_msg!(
-            test_iconst_bounds(immediate, ctrl_typevar),
-            "constant immediate is out of bounds"
-        );
-    }
-
-    fn test_iconst_bounds_ok(immediate: i64, ctrl_typevar: Type) {
-        assert!(test_iconst_bounds(immediate, ctrl_typevar).is_empty());
-    }
-
-    #[test]
-    fn negative_iconst_8() {
-        test_iconst_bounds_err(-10, types::I8);
-    }
-
-    #[test]
-    fn negative_iconst_32() {
-        test_iconst_bounds_err(-1, types::I32);
-    }
-
-    #[test]
-    fn large_iconst_8() {
-        test_iconst_bounds_err(1 + u8::MAX as i64, types::I8);
-    }
-
-    #[test]
-    fn large_iconst_16() {
-        test_iconst_bounds_err(10 + u16::MAX as i64, types::I16);
-    }
-
-    #[test]
-    fn valid_iconst_8() {
-        test_iconst_bounds_ok(10, types::I8);
-    }
-
-    #[test]
-    fn valid_iconst_32() {
-        test_iconst_bounds_ok(u32::MAX as i64, types::I32);
-    }
-
-    #[test]
-    fn test_function_invalid_param() {
-        let mut func = Function::new();
-        func.signature.params.push(AbiParam::new(types::INVALID));
-
-        let mut errors = VerifierErrors::default();
-        let flags = &settings::Flags::new(settings::builder());
-        let verifier = Verifier::new(&func, flags.into());
-
-        let _ = verifier.typecheck_function_signature(&mut errors);
-        assert_err_with_msg!(errors, "Parameter at position 0 has an invalid type");
-    }
-
-    #[test]
-    fn test_function_invalid_return_value() {
-        let mut func = Function::new();
-        func.signature.returns.push(AbiParam::new(types::INVALID));
-
-        let mut errors = VerifierErrors::default();
-        let flags = &settings::Flags::new(settings::builder());
-        let verifier = Verifier::new(&func, flags.into());
-
-        let _ = verifier.typecheck_function_signature(&mut errors);
-        assert_err_with_msg!(errors, "Return value at position 0 has an invalid type");
-    }
-
-    #[test]
-    fn test_printing_contextual_errors() {
-        // Build function.
-        let mut func = Function::new();
-        let block0 = func.dfg.make_block();
-        func.layout.append_block(block0);
-
-        // Build instruction "f64const 0.0" (missing one required result)
-        let inst = func.dfg.make_inst(InstructionData::UnaryIeee64 {
-            opcode: Opcode::F64const,
-            imm: 0.into(),
-        });
-        func.layout.append_inst(inst, block0);
-
-        // Setup verifier.
-        let mut errors = VerifierErrors::default();
-        let flags = &settings::Flags::new(settings::builder());
-        let verifier = Verifier::new(&func, flags.into());
-
-        // Now the error message, when printed, should contain the instruction sequence causing the
-        // error (i.e. f64const 0.0) and not only its entity value (i.e. inst0)
-        let _ = verifier.typecheck_results(inst, types::I32, &mut errors);
-        assert_eq!(
-            format!("{}", errors.0[0]),
-            "inst0 (f64const 0.0): has fewer result values than expected"
-        )
-    }
-
-    #[test]
-    fn test_empty_block() {
-        let mut func = Function::new();
-        let block0 = func.dfg.make_block();
-        func.layout.append_block(block0);
-
-        let flags = &settings::Flags::new(settings::builder());
-        let verifier = Verifier::new(&func, flags.into());
-        let mut errors = VerifierErrors::default();
-        let _ = verifier.run(&mut errors);
-
-        assert_err_with_msg!(errors, "block0 cannot be empty");
-    }
-}