wasmtime 21.0.1 → 22.0.0

data/ext/cargo-vendor/wasmtime-22.0.0/src/runtime/vm/instance/allocator/pooling/index_allocator.rs

@@ -0,0 +1,707 @@
+//! Index/slot allocator policies for the pooling allocator.
+
+use crate::prelude::*;
+use crate::runtime::vm::CompiledModuleId;
+use std::collections::hash_map::{Entry, HashMap};
+use std::mem;
+use std::sync::Mutex;
+use wasmtime_environ::DefinedMemoryIndex;
+
+/// A slot index.
+#[derive(Hash, Clone, Copy, Debug, PartialEq, Eq)]
+pub struct SlotId(pub u32);
+
+impl SlotId {
+    /// The index of this slot.
+    pub fn index(self) -> usize {
+        self.0 as usize
+    }
+}
+
+/// A simple index allocator.
+///
+/// This index allocator doesn't do any module affinity or anything like that,
+/// however it is built on top of the `ModuleAffinityIndexAllocator` to save
+/// code (and code size).
+#[derive(Debug)]
+pub struct SimpleIndexAllocator(ModuleAffinityIndexAllocator);
+
+impl SimpleIndexAllocator {
+    pub fn new(capacity: u32) -> Self {
+        SimpleIndexAllocator(ModuleAffinityIndexAllocator::new(capacity, 0))
+    }
+
+    #[allow(unused)] // some cfgs don't use this
+    pub fn is_empty(&self) -> bool {
+        self.0.is_empty()
+    }
+
+    pub fn alloc(&self) -> Option<SlotId> {
+        self.0.alloc(None)
+    }
+
+    pub(crate) fn free(&self, index: SlotId) {
+        self.0.free(index);
+    }
+
+    #[cfg(test)]
+    #[allow(unused)]
+    pub(crate) fn testing_freelist(&self) -> Vec<SlotId> {
+        self.0.testing_freelist()
+    }
+}
+
+/// A particular defined memory within a particular module.
+#[derive(Clone, Copy, Debug, Eq, Hash, PartialEq)]
+pub struct MemoryInModule(pub CompiledModuleId, pub DefinedMemoryIndex);
+
+/// An index allocator that has configurable affinity between slots and modules
+/// so that slots are often reused for the same module again.
+#[derive(Debug)]
+pub struct ModuleAffinityIndexAllocator(Mutex<Inner>);
+
+#[derive(Debug)]
+struct Inner {
+    /// Maximum number of "unused warm slots" which will be allowed during
+    /// allocation.
+    ///
+    /// This is a user-configurable knob which can be used to influence the
+    /// maximum number of unused slots at any one point in time. A "warm slot"
+    /// is one that's considered having been previously allocated.
+    max_unused_warm_slots: u32,
+
+    /// Current count of "warm slots", or those that were previously allocated
+    /// which are now no longer in use.
+    ///
+    /// This is the size of the `warm` list.
+    unused_warm_slots: u32,
+
+    /// A linked list (via indices) which enumerates all "warm and unused"
+    /// slots, or those which have previously been allocated and then free'd.
+    warm: List,
+
+    /// Last slot that was allocated for the first time ever.
+    ///
+    /// This is initially 0 and is incremented during `pick_cold`. If this
+    /// matches `max_cold`, there are no more cold slots left.
+    last_cold: u32,
+
+    /// The state of any given slot.
+    ///
+    /// Records indices in the above list (empty) or two lists (with affinity),
+    /// and these indices are kept up-to-date to allow fast removal.
+    slot_state: Vec<SlotState>,
+
+    /// Affine slot management which tracks which slots are free and were last
+    /// used with the specified `CompiledModuleId`.
+    ///
+    /// The `List` here is appended to during deallocation and removal happens
+    /// from the tail during allocation.
+    module_affine: HashMap<MemoryInModule, List>,
+}
+
+/// A helper "linked list" data structure which is based on indices.
+#[derive(Default, Debug)]
+struct List {
+    head: Option<SlotId>,
+    tail: Option<SlotId>,
+}
+
+/// A helper data structure for an intrusive linked list, coupled with the
+/// `List` type.
+#[derive(Default, Debug, Copy, Clone)]
+struct Link {
+    prev: Option<SlotId>,
+    next: Option<SlotId>,
+}
+
+#[derive(Clone, Debug)]
+enum SlotState {
+    /// This slot is currently in use and is affine to the specified module's memory.
+    Used(Option<MemoryInModule>),
+
+    /// This slot is not currently used, and has never been used.
+    UnusedCold,
+
+    /// This slot is not currently used, but was previously allocated.
+    ///
+    /// The payload here is metadata about the lists that this slot is contained
+    /// within.
+    UnusedWarm(Unused),
+}
+
+impl SlotState {
+    fn unwrap_unused(&mut self) -> &mut Unused {
+        match self {
+            SlotState::UnusedWarm(u) => u,
+            _ => unreachable!(),
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+#[derive(Default, Copy, Clone, Debug)]
+struct Unused {
+    /// Which module this slot was historically affine to, if any.
+    affinity: Option<MemoryInModule>,
+
+    /// Metadata about the linked list for all slots affine to `affinity`.
+    affine_list_link: Link,
+
+    /// Metadata within the `warm` list of the main allocator.
+    unused_list_link: Link,
+}
+
+enum AllocMode {
+    ForceAffineAndClear,
+    AnySlot,
+}
+
+impl ModuleAffinityIndexAllocator {
+    /// Create the default state for this strategy.
+    pub fn new(capacity: u32, max_unused_warm_slots: u32) -> Self {
+        ModuleAffinityIndexAllocator(Mutex::new(Inner {
+            last_cold: 0,
+            max_unused_warm_slots,
+            unused_warm_slots: 0,
+            module_affine: HashMap::new(),
+            slot_state: (0..capacity).map(|_| SlotState::UnusedCold).collect(),
+            warm: List::default(),
+        }))
+    }
+
+    /// How many slots can this allocator allocate?
+    pub fn len(&self) -> usize {
+        let inner = self.0.lock().unwrap();
+        inner.slot_state.len()
+    }
+
+    /// Are zero slots in use right now?
+    #[allow(unused)] // some cfgs don't use this
+    pub fn is_empty(&self) -> bool {
+        let inner = self.0.lock().unwrap();
+        !inner
+            .slot_state
+            .iter()
+            .any(|s| matches!(s, SlotState::Used(_)))
+    }
+
+    /// Allocate a new index from this allocator optionally using `id` as an
+    /// affinity request if the allocation strategy supports it.
+    ///
+    /// Returns `None` if no more slots are available.
+    pub fn alloc(&self, for_memory: Option<MemoryInModule>) -> Option<SlotId> {
+        self._alloc(for_memory, AllocMode::AnySlot)
+    }
+
+    /// Attempts to allocate a guaranteed-affine slot to the module `id`
+    /// specified.
+    ///
+    /// Returns `None` if there are no slots affine to `id`. The allocation of
+    /// this slot will not record the affinity to `id`, instead simply listing
+    /// it as taken. This is intended to be used for clearing out all affine
+    /// slots to a module.
+    pub fn alloc_affine_and_clear_affinity(
+        &self,
+        module_id: CompiledModuleId,
+        memory_index: DefinedMemoryIndex,
+    ) -> Option<SlotId> {
+        self._alloc(
+            Some(MemoryInModule(module_id, memory_index)),
+            AllocMode::ForceAffineAndClear,
+        )
+    }
+
+    fn _alloc(&self, for_memory: Option<MemoryInModule>, mode: AllocMode) -> Option<SlotId> {
+        let mut inner = self.0.lock().unwrap();
+        let inner = &mut *inner;
+
+        // As a first-pass always attempt an affine allocation. This will
+        // succeed if any slots are considered affine to `module_id` (if it's
+        // specified). Failing that something else is attempted to be chosen.
+        let slot_id = inner.pick_affine(for_memory).or_else(|| {
+            match mode {
+                // If any slot is requested then this is a normal instantiation
+                // looking for an index. Without any affine candidates there are
+                // two options here:
+                //
+                // 1. Pick a slot amongst previously allocated slots
+                // 2. Pick a slot that's never been used before
+                //
+                // The choice here is guided by the initial configuration of
+                // `max_unused_warm_slots`. If our unused warm slots, which are
+                // likely all affine, is below this threshold then the affinity
+                // of the warm slots isn't tampered with and first a cold slot
+                // is chosen. If the cold slot allocation fails, however, a warm
+                // slot is evicted.
+                //
+                // The opposite happens when we're above our threshold for the
+                // maximum number of warm slots, meaning that a warm slot is
+                // attempted to be picked from first with a cold slot following
+                // that. Note that the warm slot allocation in this case should
+                // only fail of `max_unused_warm_slots` is 0, otherwise
+                // `pick_warm` will always succeed.
+                AllocMode::AnySlot => {
+                    if inner.unused_warm_slots < inner.max_unused_warm_slots {
+                        inner.pick_cold().or_else(|| inner.pick_warm())
+                    } else {
+                        inner.pick_warm().or_else(|| {
+                            debug_assert!(inner.max_unused_warm_slots == 0);
+                            inner.pick_cold()
+                        })
+                    }
+                }
+
+                // In this mode an affinity-based allocation is always performed
+                // as the purpose here is to clear out slots relevant to
+                // `module_id` during module teardown. This means that there's
+                // no consulting non-affine slots in this path.
+                AllocMode::ForceAffineAndClear => None,
+            }
+        })?;
+
+        inner.slot_state[slot_id.index()] = SlotState::Used(match mode {
+            AllocMode::ForceAffineAndClear => None,
+            AllocMode::AnySlot => for_memory,
+        });
+
+        Some(slot_id)
+    }
+
+    pub(crate) fn free(&self, index: SlotId) {
+        let mut inner = self.0.lock().unwrap();
+        let inner = &mut *inner;
+        let module_memory = match inner.slot_state[index.index()] {
+            SlotState::Used(module_memory) => module_memory,
+            _ => unreachable!(),
+        };
+
+        // Bump the number of warm slots since this slot is now considered
+        // previously used. Afterwards append it to the linked list of all
+        // unused and warm slots.
+        inner.unused_warm_slots += 1;
+        let unused_list_link = inner
+            .warm
+            .append(index, &mut inner.slot_state, |s| &mut s.unused_list_link);
+
+        let affine_list_link = match module_memory {
+            // If this slot is affine to a particular module then append this
+            // index to the linked list for the affine module. Otherwise insert
+            // a new one-element linked list.
+            Some(module) => match inner.module_affine.entry(module) {
+                Entry::Occupied(mut e) => e
+                    .get_mut()
+                    .append(index, &mut inner.slot_state, |s| &mut s.affine_list_link),
+                Entry::Vacant(v) => {
+                    v.insert(List::new(index));
+                    Link::default()
+                }
+            },
+
+            // If this slot has no affinity then the affine link is empty.
+            None => Link::default(),
+        };
+
+        inner.slot_state[index.index()] = SlotState::UnusedWarm(Unused {
+            affinity: module_memory,
+            affine_list_link,
+            unused_list_link,
+        });
+    }
+
+    /// Return the number of empty slots available in this allocator.
+    #[cfg(test)]
+    pub fn num_empty_slots(&self) -> usize {
+        let inner = self.0.lock().unwrap();
+        let total_slots = inner.slot_state.len();
+        (total_slots - inner.last_cold as usize) + inner.unused_warm_slots as usize
+    }
+
+    /// For testing only, we want to be able to assert what is on the single
+    /// freelist, for the policies that keep just one.
+    #[cfg(test)]
+    #[allow(unused)]
+    pub(crate) fn testing_freelist(&self) -> Vec<SlotId> {
+        let inner = self.0.lock().unwrap();
+        inner
+            .warm
+            .iter(&inner.slot_state, |s| &s.unused_list_link)
+            .collect()
+    }
+
+    /// For testing only, get the list of all modules with at least one slot
+    /// with affinity for that module.
+    #[cfg(test)]
+    pub(crate) fn testing_module_affinity_list(&self) -> Vec<MemoryInModule> {
+        let inner = self.0.lock().unwrap();
+        inner.module_affine.keys().copied().collect()
+    }
+}
+
+impl Inner {
+    /// Attempts to allocate a slot already affine to `id`, returning `None` if
+    /// `id` is `None` or if there are no affine slots.
+    fn pick_affine(&mut self, for_memory: Option<MemoryInModule>) -> Option<SlotId> {
+        // Note that the `tail` is chosen here of the affine list as it's the
+        // most recently used, which for affine allocations is what we want --
+        // maximizing temporal reuse.
+        let ret = self.module_affine.get(&for_memory?)?.tail?;
+        self.remove(ret);
+        Some(ret)
+    }
+
+    fn pick_warm(&mut self) -> Option<SlotId> {
+        // Insertions into the `unused` list happen at the `tail`, so the
+        // least-recently-used item will be at the head. That's our goal here,
+        // pick the least-recently-used slot since something "warm" is being
+        // evicted anyway.
+        let head = self.warm.head?;
+        self.remove(head);
+        Some(head)
+    }
+
+    fn remove(&mut self, slot: SlotId) {
+        // Decrement the size of the warm list, and additionally remove it from
+        // the `warm` linked list.
+        self.unused_warm_slots -= 1;
+        self.warm
+            .remove(slot, &mut self.slot_state, |u| &mut u.unused_list_link);
+
+        // If this slot is affine to a module then additionally remove it from
+        // that module's affinity linked list. Note that if the module's affine
+        // list is empty then the module's entry in the map is completely
+        // removed as well.
+        let module = self.slot_state[slot.index()].unwrap_unused().affinity;
+        if let Some(module) = module {
+            let mut list = match self.module_affine.entry(module) {
+                Entry::Occupied(e) => e,
+                Entry::Vacant(_) => unreachable!(),
+            };
+            list.get_mut()
+                .remove(slot, &mut self.slot_state, |u| &mut u.affine_list_link);
+
+            if list.get_mut().head.is_none() {
+                list.remove();
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    fn pick_cold(&mut self) -> Option<SlotId> {
+        if (self.last_cold as usize) == self.slot_state.len() {
+            None
+        } else {
+            let ret = Some(SlotId(self.last_cold));
+            self.last_cold += 1;
+            ret
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+impl List {
+    /// Creates a new one-element list pointing at `id`.
+    fn new(id: SlotId) -> List {
+        List {
+            head: Some(id),
+            tail: Some(id),
+        }
+    }
+
+    /// Appends the `id` to this list whose links are determined by `link`.
+    fn append(
+        &mut self,
+        id: SlotId,
+        states: &mut [SlotState],
+        link: fn(&mut Unused) -> &mut Link,
+    ) -> Link {
+        // This `id` is the new tail...
+        let tail = mem::replace(&mut self.tail, Some(id));
+
+        // If the tail was present, then update its `next` field to ourselves as
+        // we've been appended, otherwise update the `head` since the list was
+        // previously empty.
+        match tail {
+            Some(tail) => link(states[tail.index()].unwrap_unused()).next = Some(id),
+            None => self.head = Some(id),
+        }
+        Link {
+            prev: tail,
+            next: None,
+        }
+    }
+
+    /// Removes `id` from this list whose links are determined by `link`.
+    fn remove(
+        &mut self,
+        id: SlotId,
+        slot_state: &mut [SlotState],
+        link: fn(&mut Unused) -> &mut Link,
+    ) -> Unused {
+        let mut state = *slot_state[id.index()].unwrap_unused();
+        let next = link(&mut state).next;
+        let prev = link(&mut state).prev;
+
+        // If a `next` node is present for this link, then its previous was our
+        // own previous now. Otherwise we are the tail so the new tail is our
+        // previous.
+        match next {
+            Some(next) => link(slot_state[next.index()].unwrap_unused()).prev = prev,
+            None => self.tail = prev,
+        }
+
+        // Same as the `next` node, except everything is in reverse.
+        match prev {
+            Some(prev) => link(slot_state[prev.index()].unwrap_unused()).next = next,
+            None => self.head = next,
+        }
+        state
+    }
+
+    #[cfg(test)]
+    #[allow(unused)]
+    fn iter<'a>(
+        &'a self,
+        states: &'a [SlotState],
+        link: fn(&Unused) -> &Link,
+    ) -> impl Iterator<Item = SlotId> + 'a {
+        let mut cur = self.head;
+        let mut prev = None;
+        std::iter::from_fn(move || {
+            if cur.is_none() {
+                assert_eq!(prev, self.tail);
+            }
+            let ret = cur?;
+            match &states[ret.index()] {
+                SlotState::UnusedWarm(u) => {
+                    assert_eq!(link(u).prev, prev);
+                    prev = Some(ret);
+                    cur = link(u).next
+                }
+                _ => unreachable!(),
+            }
+            Some(ret)
+        })
+    }
+}
+
+#[cfg(test)]
+mod test {
+    use super::*;
+    use crate::runtime::vm::CompiledModuleIdAllocator;
+    use wasmtime_environ::EntityRef;
+
+    #[test]
+    fn test_next_available_allocation_strategy() {
+        for size in 0..20 {
+            let state = ModuleAffinityIndexAllocator::new(size, 0);
+            assert_eq!(state.num_empty_slots() as u32, size);
+            for i in 0..size {
+                assert_eq!(state.num_empty_slots() as u32, size - i);
+                assert_eq!(state.alloc(None).unwrap().index(), i as usize);
+            }
+            assert!(state.alloc(None).is_none());
+        }
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn test_affinity_allocation_strategy() {
+        let id_alloc = CompiledModuleIdAllocator::new();
+        let id1 = MemoryInModule(id_alloc.alloc(), DefinedMemoryIndex::new(0));
+        let id2 = MemoryInModule(id_alloc.alloc(), DefinedMemoryIndex::new(0));
+        let state = ModuleAffinityIndexAllocator::new(100, 100);
+
+        let index1 = state.alloc(Some(id1)).unwrap();
+        assert_eq!(index1.index(), 0);
+        let index2 = state.alloc(Some(id2)).unwrap();
+        assert_eq!(index2.index(), 1);
+        assert_ne!(index1, index2);
+
+        state.free(index1);
+        assert_eq!(state.num_empty_slots(), 99);
+
+        // Allocate to the same `index1` slot again.
+        let index3 = state.alloc(Some(id1)).unwrap();
+        assert_eq!(index3, index1);
+        state.free(index3);
+
+        state.free(index2);
+
+        // Both id1 and id2 should have some slots with affinity.
+        let affinity_modules = state.testing_module_affinity_list();
+        assert_eq!(2, affinity_modules.len());
+        assert!(affinity_modules.contains(&id1));
+        assert!(affinity_modules.contains(&id2));
+
+        // Now there is 1 free instance for id2 and 1 free instance
+        // for id1, and 98 empty. Allocate 100 for id2. The first
+        // should be equal to the one we know was previously used for
+        // id2. The next 99 are arbitrary.
+        assert_eq!(state.num_empty_slots(), 100);
+        let mut indices = vec![];
+        for _ in 0..100 {
+            indices.push(state.alloc(Some(id2)).unwrap());
+        }
+        assert!(state.alloc(None).is_none());
+        assert_eq!(indices[0], index2);
+        assert_eq!(state.num_empty_slots(), 0);
+
+        for i in indices {
+            state.free(i);
+        }
+
+        // Now there should be no slots left with affinity for id1.
+        let affinity_modules = state.testing_module_affinity_list();
+        assert_eq!(1, affinity_modules.len());
+        assert!(affinity_modules.contains(&id2));
+
+        // Allocate an index we know previously had an instance but
+        // now does not (list ran empty).
+        let index = state.alloc(Some(id1)).unwrap();
+        state.free(index);
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn clear_affine() {
+        let id_alloc = CompiledModuleIdAllocator::new();
+        let id = id_alloc.alloc();
+        let memory_index = DefinedMemoryIndex::new(0);
+
+        for max_unused_warm_slots in [0, 1, 2] {
+            let state = ModuleAffinityIndexAllocator::new(100, max_unused_warm_slots);
+
+            let index1 = state.alloc(Some(MemoryInModule(id, memory_index))).unwrap();
+            let index2 = state.alloc(Some(MemoryInModule(id, memory_index))).unwrap();
+            state.free(index2);
+            state.free(index1);
+            assert!(state
+                .alloc_affine_and_clear_affinity(id, memory_index)
+                .is_some());
+            assert!(state
+                .alloc_affine_and_clear_affinity(id, memory_index)
+                .is_some());
+            assert_eq!(
+                state.alloc_affine_and_clear_affinity(id, memory_index),
+                None
+            );
+        }
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn test_affinity_allocation_strategy_random() {
+        use rand::Rng;
+        let mut rng = rand::thread_rng();
+
+        let id_alloc = CompiledModuleIdAllocator::new();
+        let ids =
+            std::iter::repeat_with(|| MemoryInModule(id_alloc.alloc(), DefinedMemoryIndex::new(0)))
+                .take(10)
+                .collect::<Vec<_>>();
+        let state = ModuleAffinityIndexAllocator::new(1000, 1000);
+        let mut allocated: Vec<SlotId> = vec![];
+        let mut last_id = vec![None; 1000];
+
+        let mut hits = 0;
+        let amt = if cfg!(miri) { 100 } else { 100_000 };
+        for _ in 0..amt {
+            loop {
+                if !allocated.is_empty() && rng.gen_bool(0.5) {
+                    let i = rng.gen_range(0..allocated.len());
+                    let to_free_idx = allocated.swap_remove(i);
+                    state.free(to_free_idx);
+                } else {
+                    let id = ids[rng.gen_range(0..ids.len())];
+                    let index = match state.alloc(Some(id)) {
+                        Some(id) => id,
+                        None => continue,
+                    };
+                    if last_id[index.index()] == Some(id) {
+                        hits += 1;
+                    }
+                    last_id[index.index()] = Some(id);
+                    allocated.push(index);
+                }
+                break;
+            }
+        }
+
+        // 10% reuse would be random chance (because we have 10 module
+        // IDs). Check for at least double that to ensure some sort of
+        // affinity is occurring.
+        assert!(
+            hits > (amt / 5),
+            "expected at least 20000 (20%) ID-reuses but got {}",
+            hits
+        );
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn test_affinity_threshold() {
+        let id_alloc = CompiledModuleIdAllocator::new();
+        let id1 = MemoryInModule(id_alloc.alloc(), DefinedMemoryIndex::new(0));
+        let id2 = MemoryInModule(id_alloc.alloc(), DefinedMemoryIndex::new(0));
+        let id3 = MemoryInModule(id_alloc.alloc(), DefinedMemoryIndex::new(0));
+        let state = ModuleAffinityIndexAllocator::new(10, 2);
+
+        // Set some slot affinities
+        assert_eq!(state.alloc(Some(id1)), Some(SlotId(0)));
+        state.free(SlotId(0));
+        assert_eq!(state.alloc(Some(id2)), Some(SlotId(1)));
+        state.free(SlotId(1));
+
+        // Only 2 slots are allowed to be unused and warm, so we're at our
+        // threshold, meaning one must now be evicted.
+        assert_eq!(state.alloc(Some(id3)), Some(SlotId(0)));
+        state.free(SlotId(0));
+
+        // pickup `id2` again, it should be affine.
+        assert_eq!(state.alloc(Some(id2)), Some(SlotId(1)));
+
+        // with only one warm slot available allocation for `id1` should pick a
+        // fresh slot
+        assert_eq!(state.alloc(Some(id1)), Some(SlotId(2)));
+
+        state.free(SlotId(1));
+        state.free(SlotId(2));
+
+        // ensure everything stays affine
+        assert_eq!(state.alloc(Some(id1)), Some(SlotId(2)));
+        assert_eq!(state.alloc(Some(id2)), Some(SlotId(1)));
+        assert_eq!(state.alloc(Some(id3)), Some(SlotId(0)));
+
+        state.free(SlotId(1));
+        state.free(SlotId(2));
+        state.free(SlotId(0));
+
+        // LRU is 1, so that should be picked
+        assert_eq!(
+            state.alloc(Some(MemoryInModule(
+                id_alloc.alloc(),
+                DefinedMemoryIndex::new(0)
+            ))),
+            Some(SlotId(1))
+        );
+
+        // Pick another LRU entry, this time 2
+        assert_eq!(
+            state.alloc(Some(MemoryInModule(
+                id_alloc.alloc(),
+                DefinedMemoryIndex::new(0)
+            ))),
+            Some(SlotId(2))
+        );
+
+        // This should preserve slot `0` and pick up something new
+        assert_eq!(
+            state.alloc(Some(MemoryInModule(
+                id_alloc.alloc(),
+                DefinedMemoryIndex::new(0)
+            ))),
+            Some(SlotId(3))
+        );
+
+        state.free(SlotId(1));
+        state.free(SlotId(2));
+        state.free(SlotId(3));
+
+        // for good measure make sure id3 is still affine
+        assert_eq!(state.alloc(Some(id3)), Some(SlotId(0)));
+    }
+}