snappy 3.2__cp311-cp311-macosx_10_12_x86_64.whl

snappy/drilling/moves.py

@@ -0,0 +1,620 @@
+from .cusps import CuspPostDrillInfo
+from .tracing import compute_plane_intersection_param, Endpoint, GeodesicPiece
+from .epsilons import compute_epsilon
+from . import constants
+from . import exceptions
+
+from ..geometric_structure import add_r13_planes_to_tetrahedron
+from ..snap.t3mlite import simplex, Perm4, Tetrahedron, Corner # type: ignore
+from ..matrix import make_identity_matrix # type: ignore
+from ..exceptions import InsufficientPrecisionError # type: ignore
+
+from typing import Sequence, Optional, List
+
+__all__ = ['one_four_move', 'two_three_move']
+
+def one_four_move(given_pieces : Sequence[GeodesicPiece],
+                  verified : bool) -> Sequence[GeodesicPiece]:
+    """
+    Performs a 1-4 move.
+
+    Given pieces are supposed to be either two pieces
+    F-T-F (see subdivide.py for notation) or just one piece F-F.
+
+    For F-T-F, the new point for the 1-4 move will be the one given
+    for T. For F-F, the 1-4 move will pick a point on the line segment
+    (not picking exactly the middle to avoid coincidences).
+    """
+
+    tet : Tetrahedron = given_pieces[0].tet
+    RF = tet.O13_matrices[simplex.F0].base_ring()
+
+    if not given_pieces[0].endpoints[0].subsimplex in simplex.TwoSubsimplices:
+        raise Exception("Expected given geodesic piece to start "
+                        "on a face for one-four move.")
+    if not given_pieces[-1].endpoints[1].subsimplex in simplex.TwoSubsimplices:
+        raise Exception("Expected given geodesic piece to end "
+                        "on a face for one-four move.")
+
+    n = len(given_pieces)
+
+    if n == 1:
+        bias = RF(constants.piece_midpoint_bias)
+        new_point = (
+                   given_pieces[0].endpoints[0].r13_point +
+            bias * given_pieces[0].endpoints[1].r13_point)
+    elif n == 2:
+        if not given_pieces[0].endpoints[1].subsimplex == simplex.T:
+            raise Exception("Expected middle point to be in the tetrahedron "
+                            "when given two pieces to one-four move.")
+        if not given_pieces[1].endpoints[0].subsimplex == simplex.T:
+            raise Exception("Expected middle point to be in the tetrahedron "
+                            "when given two pieces to one-four move.")
+
+        if not given_pieces[0].tet is given_pieces[1].tet:
+            raise Exception("Expected pieces to be in the same tetrahedron "
+                            "when given two pieces to one-four move.")
+
+        new_point = given_pieces[0].endpoints[1].r13_point
+    else:
+        raise Exception("Bad 1-4 move")
+
+    # The new tetrahedra.
+    # new_tets[f] shares face f with the old tetrahedron.
+    # That is vertex v of the new tetrahedron corresponds to
+    # vertex v of the old tetrahedron if v is on the face f.
+    # Otherwise, the vertex v of the new tetrahedron corresponds
+    # to the new vertex in the center.
+
+    new_tets : dict[int, Tetrahedron] = {
+        f : Tetrahedron() for f in simplex.TwoSubsimplices }
+
+    neighbors : dict[int, Tetrahedron] = dict(tet.Neighbor.items())
+    gluings : dict[int, Perm4] = dict(tet.Gluing.items())
+
+    id_matrix = make_identity_matrix(ring=RF, n=4)
+
+    for f0, new_tet0 in new_tets.items():
+        new_tet0.geodesic_pieces = []
+        v0 = simplex.comp(f0)
+        new_tet0.R13_vertices = { v0 : new_point }
+        new_tet0.post_drill_infos = {
+            v0 : CuspPostDrillInfo(index=given_pieces[0].index) }
+        new_tet0.O13_matrices = {}
+        new_tet0.PeripheralCurves = [
+            [ { v : { face : 0 for face in simplex.TwoSubsimplices }
+                for v in simplex.ZeroSubsimplices }
+              for sheet in range(2) ]
+            for ml in range(2) ]
+
+        for f1, new_tet1 in new_tets.items():
+            if f0 != f1:
+                new_tet0.attach(f1, new_tet1, _swap_perms[f0, f1])
+                v1 = simplex.comp(f1)
+                new_tet0.R13_vertices[v1] = tet.R13_vertices[v1]
+                new_tet0.post_drill_infos[v1] = tet.post_drill_infos[v1]
+                new_tet0.O13_matrices[f1] = id_matrix
+
+        neighbor : Tetrahedron = neighbors[f0]
+        gluing : Perm4 = gluings[f0]
+        if neighbor is tet:
+            other_tet = new_tets[gluing.image(f0)]
+        else:
+            other_tet = neighbor
+        new_tet0.attach(f0, other_tet, gluing.tuple())
+
+        new_tet0.O13_matrices[f0] = tet.O13_matrices[f0]
+
+        add_r13_planes_to_tetrahedron(new_tet0)
+
+    for ml in range(2):
+        for sheet in range(2):
+            for v, faces in simplex.FacesAroundVertexCounterclockwise.items():
+                for face in faces:
+                    new_tets[face].PeripheralCurves[ml][sheet][v][face] = (
+                        tet.PeripheralCurves[ml][sheet][v][face])
+                f0, f1, f2 = faces
+                new_tets[f0].PeripheralCurves[ml][sheet][v][f1] = (
+                    -tet.PeripheralCurves[ml][sheet][v][f0])
+                new_tets[f1].PeripheralCurves[ml][sheet][v][f0] = (
+                    tet.PeripheralCurves[ml][sheet][v][f0])
+                new_tets[f1].PeripheralCurves[ml][sheet][v][f2] = (
+                    tet.PeripheralCurves[ml][sheet][v][f2])
+                new_tets[f2].PeripheralCurves[ml][sheet][v][f1] = (
+                    -tet.PeripheralCurves[ml][sheet][v][f2])
+
+    # Transfer or re-trace the other pieces of the geodesic going through
+    # the old tetrahedron in the new tetrahedra.
+    for old_piece in tet.geodesic_pieces:
+        if old_piece in given_pieces:
+            continue
+
+        start_subsimplex : int = old_piece.endpoints[0].subsimplex
+        end_subsimplex : int = old_piece.endpoints[1].subsimplex
+
+        dimension_start_subsimplex = simplex.dimension(start_subsimplex)
+        dimension_end_subsimplex = simplex.dimension(end_subsimplex)
+
+        if dimension_start_subsimplex == 0 and dimension_end_subsimplex == 0:
+            # Both endpoints are vertices, no re-tracing necessary.
+            total_subsimplex = start_subsimplex | end_subsimplex
+            for new_face, new_tet in new_tets.items():
+                if simplex.is_subset(total_subsimplex, new_face):
+                    GeodesicPiece.replace_by(
+                        old_piece, old_piece,
+                        [ GeodesicPiece.create_and_attach(
+                            old_piece.index,
+                            new_tet,
+                            old_piece.endpoints) ])
+                    break
+            else:
+                raise Exception("Unhandled edge case")
+        else:
+            # Re-trace.
+            r13_endpoints = [ e.r13_point for e in old_piece.endpoints ]
+
+            GeodesicPiece.replace_by(
+                old_piece, old_piece,
+                _retrace_geodesic_piece(
+                    index=old_piece.index,
+                    r13_points=r13_endpoints,
+                    start_corners=[ Corner(new_tets[f], start_subsimplex)
+                                    for f in simplex.TwoSubsimplices
+                                    if simplex.is_subset(start_subsimplex, f) ],
+                    end_corners=[ Corner(new_tets[f], end_subsimplex)
+                                  for f in simplex.TwoSubsimplices
+                                  if simplex.is_subset(end_subsimplex, f) ],
+                    verified=verified))
+
+    # Turn given pieces into F-V-F
+    start_point : Endpoint = given_pieces[0].endpoints[0]
+    end_point : Endpoint = given_pieces[-1].endpoints[1]
+    new_pieces : Sequence[GeodesicPiece] = [
+        GeodesicPiece.create_face_to_vertex_and_attach(
+            given_pieces[0].index,
+            new_tets[start_point.subsimplex],
+            start_point,
+            direction=+1),
+        GeodesicPiece.create_face_to_vertex_and_attach(
+            given_pieces[0].index,
+            new_tets[end_point.subsimplex],
+            end_point,
+            direction=-1) ]
+
+    GeodesicPiece.replace_by(
+        given_pieces[0], given_pieces[-1], new_pieces)
+
+    return new_pieces
+
+def two_three_move(given_pieces : Sequence[GeodesicPiece],
+                   verified : bool) -> Sequence[GeodesicPiece]:
+    """
+    Expects two given pieces V-F-V which form one straight line
+    segment from V to V.
+
+    The 2-3 move is performed on the two tetrahedra adjacent to
+    that face.
+    """
+
+    # We imagine the two old tetrahedra such that the shared face
+    # is horizontal. We list them in the order where the top one
+    # is first and has index 0.
+
+    old_tets = [ old_piece.tet for old_piece in given_pieces ]
+    old_tips = [ given_pieces[i].endpoints[i].subsimplex
+                 for i in range(2) ]
+    # For each old tetrahedron, its face that it shared with the other
+    # tetrahedron.
+    old_shared_faces = [ simplex.comp(old_tip)
+                         for old_tip in old_tips ]
+
+    RF = old_tets[0].O13_matrices[simplex.F0].base_ring()
+    id_matrix = make_identity_matrix(ring=RF, n=4)
+
+    # Embeddings to map both tetrahedra into the same coordinate
+    # system
+    O13_embeddings = [ old_tets[0].O13_matrices[old_shared_faces[0]],
+                       id_matrix ]
+    O13_inverse_embeddings = [ old_tets[1].O13_matrices[old_shared_faces[1]],
+                               id_matrix ]
+
+    tip_points = [
+        O13_embeddings[i] * old_tets[i].R13_vertices[old_tips[i]]
+        for i in range(2) ]
+
+    # Find permutation such that we can label the top vertex of
+    # the top tetrahedron by 0.
+    for perm in Perm4.A4():
+        if perm.image(simplex.V0) == old_tips[0]:
+            break
+    gluing = old_tets[0].Gluing[old_shared_faces[0]]
+
+    new_to_old_tets = [ [ p, gluing * p * Perm4((1,0,2,3)) ]
+                        for p in [ perm,
+                                   perm * Perm4((0,2,3,1)),
+                                   perm * Perm4((0,3,1,2)) ] ]
+
+    # The new tetrahedra have vertices as follows:
+    # Vertex 0 always corresponds to the top vertex of the
+    # top tetrahedron.
+    # Vertex 1 always corresponds to the top vertex of the
+    # bottom tetrahedron
+    # Vertex 3 is glued to vertex 2 of the next tetrahedron.
+    #
+    # Note that face 0 of a new tetrahedron is shared with
+    # some face of the old top tetrahedron (index=1).
+    # Similarly for face 1 and the bottom tetrahedron (index=0).
+    #
+    new_tets = [ Tetrahedron() for i in range(3) ]
+
+    for i, new_tet in enumerate(new_tets):
+        new_tet.geodesic_pieces = []
+        new_tet.O13_matrices = {
+            simplex.F2 : id_matrix,
+            simplex.F3 : id_matrix
+        }
+        new_tet.PeripheralCurves = [
+            [ { v : { face : 0 for face in simplex.TwoSubsimplices }
+                for v in simplex.ZeroSubsimplices }
+              for sheet in range(2) ]
+            for ml in range(2) ]
+
+        for j, old_tet in enumerate(old_tets):
+            new_face = simplex.TwoSubsimplices[1-j]
+            old_face = new_to_old_tets[i][j].image(new_face)
+            neighbor = old_tet.Neighbor[old_face]
+            new_tet.attach(
+                new_face,
+                neighbor,
+                old_tet.Gluing[old_face] * new_to_old_tets[i][j])
+            new_tet.O13_matrices[new_face] = (
+                old_tet.O13_matrices[old_face] * O13_inverse_embeddings[j])
+
+            neighbor_face = new_tet.Gluing[new_face].image(new_face)
+            neighbor.O13_matrices[neighbor_face] = (
+                O13_embeddings[j] * neighbor.O13_matrices[neighbor_face])
+
+            for ml in range(2):
+                for sheet in range(2):
+                    for v in [ simplex.V2, simplex.V3 ]:
+                        old_v = new_to_old_tets[i][j].image(v)
+                        new_tet.PeripheralCurves[ml][sheet][v][new_face] = (
+                            old_tet.PeripheralCurves[ml][sheet][old_v][old_face])
+
+        for ml in range(2):
+            for sheet in range(2):
+                for v, f in [ (simplex.V2, simplex.F3), (simplex.V3, simplex.F2) ]:
+                    p = new_tet.PeripheralCurves[ml][sheet][v]
+                    p[f] = - (p[simplex.F0] + p[simplex.F1])
+
+        new_tet.attach(
+            simplex.F2,
+            new_tets[(i+1) % 3],
+            (0,1,3,2))
+
+        new_tet.R13_vertices = {
+            simplex.V0 : tip_points[0],
+            simplex.V1 : tip_points[1],
+            simplex.V2 : old_tets[1].R13_vertices[new_to_old_tets[i][1].image(simplex.V2)],
+            simplex.V3 : old_tets[1].R13_vertices[new_to_old_tets[i][1].image(simplex.V3)],
+        }
+
+        new_tet.post_drill_infos = {
+            simplex.V0 : old_tets[0].post_drill_infos[old_tips[0]],
+            simplex.V1 : old_tets[1].post_drill_infos[old_tips[1]],
+            simplex.V2 : old_tets[1].post_drill_infos[new_to_old_tets[i][1].image(simplex.V2)],
+            simplex.V3 : old_tets[1].post_drill_infos[new_to_old_tets[i][1].image(simplex.V3)],
+        }
+
+        add_r13_planes_to_tetrahedron(new_tet)
+
+    old_to_new_tets = [ [ ~new_to_old_tets[j][i] for j in range(3) ]
+                        for i in range(2) ]
+
+    # Transfer or re-trace the other pieces of the geodesic going through
+    # the old tetrahedron in the new tetrahedra.
+    # Consider one old tetrahedron at a time.
+    for j, old_tet in enumerate(old_tets):
+        for old_piece in old_tet.geodesic_pieces:
+
+            if old_piece in given_pieces:
+                continue
+
+            start_point = old_piece.endpoints[0]
+            start_subsimplex = start_point.subsimplex
+            # Index of old tet where piece is starting
+            start_j = j
+
+            # A geodesic piece crossing the face shared between the bottom and
+            # top tetrahedron was originally two pieces. Of these two pieces,
+            # discard the one after crossing the shared face.
+            if start_subsimplex == old_shared_faces[j]:
+                continue
+
+            end_point = old_piece.endpoints[1]
+            end_subsimplex = end_point.subsimplex
+            # Index of old tet where piece is ending
+            end_j = j
+
+            old_pieces = [ old_piece ]
+            # If a geodesic piece ends at the shared face, merge it
+            # with the next piece.
+            if end_subsimplex == old_shared_faces[j]:
+                old_pieces.append(old_piece.next_)
+                end_point = old_piece.next_.endpoints[1]
+                end_subsimplex = end_point.subsimplex
+                end_j = 1 - j
+
+            dimension_start_subsimplex = simplex.dimension(start_subsimplex)
+            dimension_end_subsimplex = simplex.dimension(end_subsimplex)
+
+            # Face of new tetrahedron that is shared with old tetrahedron.
+            new_start_face = simplex.TwoSubsimplices[1 - start_j]
+            new_end_face = simplex.TwoSubsimplices[1 - end_j]
+
+            if dimension_start_subsimplex == 0 and dimension_end_subsimplex == 0:
+                # Vertex to vertex piece. We can just transfer.
+                for i, new_tet in enumerate(new_tets):
+                    # We need to find the right new tetrahedron such that the
+                    # geodesic piece is an edge of the face shared with the old
+                    # tetrahedron.
+                    new_start_subsimplex = old_to_new_tets[j][i].image(start_subsimplex)
+                    new_end_subsimplex = old_to_new_tets[j][i].image(end_subsimplex)
+                    new_subsimplex = new_start_subsimplex | new_end_subsimplex
+
+                    if simplex.is_subset(new_subsimplex, new_start_face):
+                        GeodesicPiece.replace_by(
+                            old_pieces[0], old_pieces[-1],
+                            [
+                            GeodesicPiece.create_and_attach(
+                                old_piece.index,
+                                new_tet,
+                                [ Endpoint(new_tet.R13_vertices[v], v)
+                                  for v in [ new_start_subsimplex, new_end_subsimplex ] ])])
+                        break
+                else:
+                    raise Exception("Unhandled edge case.")
+            else:
+                # We need to re-trace.
+                r13_endpoints = [
+                    O13_embeddings[start_j] * start_point.r13_point,
+                    O13_embeddings[end_j] * end_point.r13_point
+                ]
+
+                new_start_subsimplices = [
+                    old_to_new_tets[start_j][i].image(start_subsimplex)
+                    for i in range(3) ]
+                start_corners = [
+                    Corner(new_tets[i], new_start_subsimplices[i])
+                    for i in range(3)
+                    if simplex.is_subset(new_start_subsimplices[i], new_start_face) ]
+                new_end_subsimplices = [
+                    old_to_new_tets[end_j][i].image(end_subsimplex)
+                    for i in range(3) ]
+                end_corners = [
+                    Corner(new_tets[i], new_end_subsimplices[i])
+                    for i in range(3)
+                    if simplex.is_subset(new_end_subsimplices[i], new_end_face) ]
+
+                GeodesicPiece.replace_by(
+                    old_pieces[0], old_pieces[-1],
+                    _retrace_geodesic_piece(
+                        index=old_piece.index,
+                        r13_points=r13_endpoints,
+                        start_corners=start_corners,
+                        end_corners=end_corners,
+                        verified=verified))
+
+    # Given pieces are converted to one V-V piece.
+    new_piece = GeodesicPiece.create_and_attach(
+        given_pieces[0].index,
+        new_tets[0],
+        [ Endpoint(tip_points[0], simplex.V0),
+          Endpoint(tip_points[1], simplex.V1) ])
+    GeodesicPiece.replace_by(
+        given_pieces[0], given_pieces[1],
+        [new_piece])
+
+    return new_piece
+
+def _swap_perm(i, j):
+    result = [0, 1, 2, 3]
+    result[i] = j
+    result[j] = i
+    return result
+
+_swap_perms = { (f0, f1) : _swap_perm(i, j)
+                for i, f0 in enumerate(simplex.TwoSubsimplices)
+                for j, f1 in enumerate(simplex.TwoSubsimplices) }
+
+# Re-trace a line segment between two points in R^{1,3} in the new
+# tetrahedra (which are assumed to be all in the same coordinate system).
+#
+# We are given the combinatorial information about the start and end points
+# of the line segment through Corner's which are pairs of a tetrahedron and
+# subsimplex.
+#
+# If such a start or end point is on a face, we give retrace exactly one
+# corner encoding the face of the respective tetrahedron.
+#
+# If such a point is inside one of the new tetrahedra (we do not know yet
+# which), we given an empty list of Corner's.
+#
+# If such a point is a vertex, we give all pairs of a new tetrahedron
+# and one of its vertices that correspond to this vertex.
+#
+# index identifies to which of the geodesics we want to drill the retraced
+# pieces belong. It is the index of the cusp that the geodesic will become
+# in the drilled manifold.
+#
+def _retrace_geodesic_piece(
+        index : int,
+        r13_points,
+        start_corners : Sequence[Corner],
+        end_corners : Sequence[Corner],
+        verified : bool) -> Sequence[GeodesicPiece]:
+
+    if len(start_corners) == 1:
+        # If we have a unique start corner (which is supposed
+        # to be a face of a tetrahedron), we can just start
+        # tracing from that face.
+        trace_direction = +1
+    else:
+        # Otherwise, we need to trace the other way.
+        # The end corner was supposed to be a face of a tetrahedron
+        # in this case.
+        trace_direction = -1
+        start_corners, end_corners = end_corners, start_corners
+        r13_points = r13_points[::-1]
+
+    if len(start_corners) != 1:
+        raise Exception("No unique start corner")
+
+    # Tet and face to start re-tracing
+    tet = start_corners[0].Tetrahedron
+    face = start_corners[0].Subsimplex
+
+    if face not in simplex.TwoSubsimplices:
+        raise Exception("Tracing not starting on a face")
+
+    # Get dimension of subsimplex where line segment
+    # we are re-tracing ends.
+    dimension_end_subsimplex = 3
+    if len(end_corners) > 0:
+        dimension_end_subsimplex = simplex.dimension(
+            end_corners[0].Subsimplex)
+
+    start_point, end_point = r13_points
+
+    RF = start_point[0].parent()
+    if verified:
+        epsilon = 0
+    else:
+        epsilon = compute_epsilon(RF)
+
+    # Result
+    pieces : List[GeodesicPiece] = []
+
+    # Parametrizes ray. That is, we are start_point + param * direction.
+    param = RF(0)
+    direction = end_point - start_point
+
+    # 1-4 and 2-3 move never breaks up one line segment into more
+    # than 4 pieces.
+    for i in range(4):
+        hit_end : bool = False
+        # Record the face and param through which the ray is leaving
+        # the tet - that is which face the ray is hitting next.
+        hit_subsimplex : Optional[int] = None
+        hit_param = None
+
+        if dimension_end_subsimplex == 0:
+            # Check if we just entered a tetrahedron adjacent to the
+            # vertex where the line segments stops.
+            for end_corner in end_corners:
+                if tet == end_corner.Tetrahedron:
+                    # If that is true, we have finished re-tracing
+                    # and just need to emit the final F-V piece below.
+                    # Do some sanity checks first though.
+                    hit_subsimplex = simplex.comp(face)
+                    if hit_subsimplex != end_corner.Subsimplex:
+                        raise Exception("Implementation error: "
+                                        "ray entered tetrahedron through "
+                                        "unexpected face.")
+                    hit_end = True
+
+        if not hit_end:
+            # Above condition not met, do actual ray-tracing.
+            if dimension_end_subsimplex == 3:
+                # The line-segment to be re-traced ends in the interior
+                # of a simplex. We set hit_param to 1 so that any face
+                # the ray hits after reaching the end of the line
+                # segment are ignored.
+                hit_subsimplex = simplex.T
+                hit_param = RF(1)
+
+            # Now intersect the ray with each face we did not enter through.
+            for candidate_face, plane in tet.R13_unnormalised_planes.items():
+                # Skip the face through which the ray just entered the tet
+                if candidate_face == face:
+                    continue
+                # Compute the param at which the ray intersects this face
+                candidate_param = compute_plane_intersection_param(
+                    plane, start_point, direction, verified)
+
+                # If the ray crossed this face before it crossed the
+                # entry face, ignore. Can happen when a dihedral angle is obtuse.
+                if candidate_param < param - epsilon:
+                    continue
+                if not candidate_param > param + epsilon:
+                    raise InsufficientPrecisionError(
+                        "When re-tracing the geodesic, the intersection with the "
+                        "next tetrahedron face was too close to the previous "
+                        "to tell them apart. Increasing the precision will "
+                        "probably avoid this problem.")
+
+                # This face is the (potential) exit face if the ray crossed
+                # it before it crossed the other faces (encountered so far).
+                if hit_param is None:
+                    # No other face encountered so far
+                    hit_param = candidate_param
+                    hit_subsimplex = candidate_face
+                else:
+                    # Check this face crossed before other faces
+                    if candidate_param + epsilon < hit_param:
+                        hit_param = candidate_param
+                        hit_subsimplex = candidate_face
+                    elif not candidate_param > hit_param + epsilon:
+                        # If there is any ambiguity whether this face was
+                        # crossed before the other face, fail!
+                        # Most likely, this is because the ray is close to
+                        # or crossing an edge of the triangulation.
+                        raise exceptions.RetracingRayHittingOneSkeletonError()
+
+            if hit_param is None or hit_subsimplex is None:
+                raise InsufficientPrecisionError(
+                    "Could not find the next intersection of the geodesic with a "
+                    "tetrahedron face. Increasing the precision should solve this "
+                    "problem.")
+
+            if dimension_end_subsimplex == 3:
+                # If we hit not face before the line segment ended, we are done
+                # Emit final F-T segment below.
+                if hit_subsimplex == simplex.T:
+                    hit_end = True
+            else:
+                if hit_subsimplex == simplex.T:
+                    raise Exception("Implementation error. Got interior of "
+                                    "simplex when expected face.")
+                # Did we hit the face where the line segment is ending at?
+                hit_end = (
+                    tet == end_corners[0].Tetrahedron and
+                    hit_subsimplex == end_corners[0].Subsimplex)
+
+        if hit_end:
+            # Use end point of line segment if we hit the end.
+            point = end_point
+        else:
+            # Advance ray.
+            point = start_point + hit_param * direction
+
+        endpoints = [ Endpoint(start_point + param * direction, face),
+                      Endpoint(point, hit_subsimplex) ][::trace_direction]
+
+        pieces.append(
+            GeodesicPiece.create_and_attach(index, tet, endpoints))
+
+        if hit_end:
+            break
+
+        # Teleport to the next tetrahedron.
+        face = tet.Gluing[hit_subsimplex].image(hit_subsimplex)
+        tet = tet.Neighbor[hit_subsimplex]
+        param = hit_param
+    else:
+        raise Exception(
+            "Too many steps when re-tracing a geodesic piece. "
+            "This is either due to a lack of precision or an "
+            "implementation bug.")
+
+    return pieces[::trace_direction]