snappy 3.2__cp311-cp311-macosx_10_12_x86_64.whl
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- snappy/verify/cusp_translations.py +85 -0
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- snappy/verify/maximal_cusp_area_matrix/__init__.py +46 -0
- snappy/verify/maximal_cusp_area_matrix/cusp_tiling_engine.py +419 -0
- snappy/verify/maximal_cusp_area_matrix/cusp_translate_engine.py +153 -0
- snappy/verify/real_algebra.py +286 -0
- snappy/verify/shapes.py +25 -0
- snappy/verify/short_slopes.py +200 -0
- snappy/verify/square_extensions.py +1005 -0
- snappy/verify/test.py +78 -0
- snappy/verify/upper_halfspace/__init__.py +9 -0
- snappy/verify/upper_halfspace/extended_matrix.py +100 -0
- snappy/verify/upper_halfspace/finite_point.py +283 -0
- snappy/verify/upper_halfspace/ideal_point.py +426 -0
- snappy/verify/volume.py +128 -0
- snappy/version.py +2 -0
- snappy-3.2.dist-info/METADATA +58 -0
- snappy-3.2.dist-info/RECORD +503 -0
- snappy-3.2.dist-info/WHEEL +5 -0
- snappy-3.2.dist-info/entry_points.txt +2 -0
- snappy-3.2.dist-info/top_level.txt +28 -0
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<em class="property"><span class="pre">class</span><span class="w"> </span></em><span class="sig-prename descclassname"><span class="pre">snappy.ptolemy.ptolemyVariety.</span></span><span class="sig-name descname"><span class="pre">PtolemyVariety</span></span><span class="sig-paren">(</span><em class="sig-param"><span class="n"><span class="pre">manifold</span></span></em>, <em class="sig-param"><span class="n"><span class="pre">N</span></span></em>, <em class="sig-param"><span class="n"><span class="pre">obstruction_class</span></span></em>, <em class="sig-param"><span class="n"><span class="pre">simplify</span></span></em>, <em class="sig-param"><span class="n"><span class="pre">eliminate_fixed_ptolemys</span></span></em><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#snappy.ptolemy.ptolemyVariety.PtolemyVariety" title="Link to this definition"></a></dt>
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<dd><p>Holds a reduced Ptolemy variety.</p>
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<div class="doctest highlight-default notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="gp">>>> </span><span class="kn">from</span> <span class="nn">snappy</span> <span class="kn">import</span> <span class="n">Manifold</span>
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<span class="gp">>>> </span><span class="n">p</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">Manifold</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s2">"4_1"</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">ptolemy_variety</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">2</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">obstruction_class</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">)</span>
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</pre></div>
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</div>
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<p>Show the equations and variables:</p>
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<div class="doctest highlight-default notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="gp">>>> </span><span class="k">for</span> <span class="n">e</span> <span class="ow">in</span> <span class="n">p</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">equations</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="nb">print</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">e</span><span class="p">)</span>
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<span class="go">- c_0011_0 * c_0101_0 + c_0011_0^2 + c_0101_0^2</span>
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<span class="go">c_0011_0 * c_0101_0 - c_0011_0^2 - c_0101_0^2</span>
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<span class="go">- 1 + c_0011_0</span>
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<span class="gp">>>> </span><span class="n">p</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">variables</span>
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<span class="go">['c_0011_0', 'c_0101_0']</span>
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</pre></div>
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</div>
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<p>Show as an ideal (sage object):</p>
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<div class="doctest highlight-default notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="gp">>>> </span><span class="n">p</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">ideal</span>
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<span class="go">Ideal (-c_0011_0^2 + c_0011_0*c_0101_0 + c_0101_0^2, -c_0011_0^2 - c_0011_0*c_0101_0 + c_0101_0^2, c_0011_0 - 1) of Multivariate Polynomial Ring in c_0011_0, c_0101_0 over Rational Field</span>
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<span class="go">(skip doctest because example only works in sage and not plain python)</span>
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</pre></div>
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</div>
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<p>Produce magma input:</p>
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<div class="doctest highlight-default notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="gp">>>> </span><span class="n">s</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">p</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">to_magma</span><span class="p">()</span>
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<span class="gp">>>> </span><span class="nb">print</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">s</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">split</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">'ring and ideal'</span><span class="p">)[</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">]</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">strip</span><span class="p">())</span>
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<span class="go">R<c_0011_0, c_0101_0> := PolynomialRing(RationalField(), 2, "grevlex");</span>
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<span class="go">MyIdeal := ideal<R |</span>
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<span class="go"> - c_0011_0 * c_0101_0 + c_0011_0^2 + c_0101_0^2,</span>
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<span class="go"> ...</span>
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</pre></div>
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</div>
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<p>Call <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">p.compute_solutions()</span></code> to automatically compute solutions!</p>
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<p>Show canonical representatives:</p>
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<p>(The Ptolemy coordinates c_0110_0 and c_0101_0 are identified, this
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information is needed to recover all Ptolemy coordinates from the solutions
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of a simplified Ptolemy variety. The information is also packaged into a
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python section by py_eval_variable_dict().)</p>
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<div class="doctest highlight-default notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="gp">>>> </span><span class="n">p</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">canonical_representative</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="s2">"c_0110_0"</span><span class="p">]</span>
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<span class="go">(1, 0, 'c_0101_0')</span>
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</pre></div>
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</div>
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<dl class="py method">
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<dt class="sig sig-object py" id="snappy.ptolemy.ptolemyVariety.PtolemyVariety.compute_decomposition">
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<span class="sig-name descname"><span class="pre">compute_decomposition</span></span><span class="sig-paren">(</span><em class="sig-param"><span class="n"><span class="pre">engine</span></span><span class="o"><span class="pre">=</span></span><span class="default_value"><span class="pre">None</span></span></em>, <em class="sig-param"><span class="n"><span class="pre">memory_limit</span></span><span class="o"><span class="pre">=</span></span><span class="default_value"><span class="pre">750000000</span></span></em>, <em class="sig-param"><span class="n"><span class="pre">directory</span></span><span class="o"><span class="pre">=</span></span><span class="default_value"><span class="pre">None</span></span></em>, <em class="sig-param"><span class="n"><span class="pre">verbose</span></span><span class="o"><span class="pre">=</span></span><span class="default_value"><span class="pre">False</span></span></em>, <em class="sig-param"><span class="n"><span class="pre">template_path</span></span><span class="o"><span class="pre">=</span></span><span class="default_value"><span class="pre">'magma/default.magma_template'</span></span></em><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#snappy.ptolemy.ptolemyVariety.PtolemyVariety.compute_decomposition" title="Link to this definition"></a></dt>
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<dd><p>Starts an engine such as magma to compute the
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radical decomposition of the Ptolemy variety.</p>
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<p>If started in sage, uses sage, otherwise, uses magma.</p>
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<p>=== Arguments ===</p>
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<p>engine — engine to use, currently, only support magma and sage
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memory_limit — maximal allowed memory in bytes
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directory — location for input and output files, temporary directory used if not specified
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verbose — print extra information</p>
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</dd></dl>
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<dl class="py method">
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<dt class="sig sig-object py" id="snappy.ptolemy.ptolemyVariety.PtolemyVariety.compute_solutions">
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<span class="sig-name descname"><span class="pre">compute_solutions</span></span><span class="sig-paren">(</span><em class="sig-param"><span class="n"><span class="pre">engine</span></span><span class="o"><span class="pre">=</span></span><span class="default_value"><span class="pre">None</span></span></em>, <em class="sig-param"><span class="n"><span class="pre">numerical</span></span><span class="o"><span class="pre">=</span></span><span class="default_value"><span class="pre">False</span></span></em>, <em class="sig-param"><span class="n"><span class="pre">template_path</span></span><span class="o"><span class="pre">=</span></span><span class="default_value"><span class="pre">'magma/default.magma_template'</span></span></em>, <em class="sig-param"><span class="n"><span class="pre">memory_limit</span></span><span class="o"><span class="pre">=</span></span><span class="default_value"><span class="pre">750000000</span></span></em>, <em class="sig-param"><span class="n"><span class="pre">directory</span></span><span class="o"><span class="pre">=</span></span><span class="default_value"><span class="pre">None</span></span></em>, <em class="sig-param"><span class="n"><span class="pre">verbose</span></span><span class="o"><span class="pre">=</span></span><span class="default_value"><span class="pre">False</span></span></em><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#snappy.ptolemy.ptolemyVariety.PtolemyVariety.compute_solutions" title="Link to this definition"></a></dt>
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<dd><p>Starts an engine such as magma to compute the
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radical decomposition of the ideal and computes exact solutions.</p>
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<p>If started in sage, uses sage, otherwise, uses magma.</p>
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<p>=== Arguments ===</p>
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<p>engine — engine to use, currently, only support magma and sage
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numerical — get numerical solutions from magma instead of exact ones
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memory_limit — maximal allowed memory in bytes
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directory — location for input and output files, temporary directory used if not specified
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verbose — print extra information</p>
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</dd></dl>
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<dl class="py method">
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<dt class="sig sig-object py" id="snappy.ptolemy.ptolemyVariety.PtolemyVariety.degree_to_shapes">
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<span class="sig-name descname"><span class="pre">degree_to_shapes</span></span><span class="sig-paren">(</span><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#snappy.ptolemy.ptolemyVariety.PtolemyVariety.degree_to_shapes" title="Link to this definition"></a></dt>
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<dd><p>In general, there can be d different solutions to the (reduced) Ptolemy
|
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+
variety for each solution to the gluing equations (with peripheral
|
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+
equations). This method computes d which is also the number of elements
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+
in H^1(Mhat; Z/N) where Mhat is the non-manifold cell comples obtained
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+
by gluing together the tetrahedra as non-ideal tetrahedra.</p>
|
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+
<p>For example, the Ptolemy variety for m009 has 4 points but there are
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+
only 2 distinct boundary-unipotent PSL(2,C) representations.
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+
Thus the following call returns 2 = 4 / 2</p>
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+
<div class="doctest highlight-default notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="gp">>>> </span><span class="kn">from</span> <span class="nn">snappy</span> <span class="kn">import</span> <span class="n">Manifold</span>
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|
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<span class="gp">>>> </span><span class="n">Manifold</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s2">"m009"</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">ptolemy_variety</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">2</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">degree_to_shapes</span><span class="p">()</span>
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<span class="go">2</span>
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+
</pre></div>
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+
</div>
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+
<div class="doctest highlight-default notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="gp">>>> </span><span class="n">Manifold</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s2">"m010"</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">ptolemy_variety</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">2</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">degree_to_shapes</span><span class="p">()</span>
|
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<span class="go">2</span>
|
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+
<span class="gp">>>> </span><span class="n">Manifold</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s2">"m011"</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">ptolemy_variety</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">2</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">degree_to_shapes</span><span class="p">()</span>
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+
<span class="go">1</span>
|
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+
</pre></div>
|
|
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|
+
</div>
|
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|
+
<div class="doctest highlight-default notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="gp">>>> </span><span class="n">Manifold</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s2">"m009"</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">ptolemy_variety</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">3</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">degree_to_shapes</span><span class="p">()</span>
|
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|
+
<span class="go">1</span>
|
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|
+
<span class="gp">>>> </span><span class="n">Manifold</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s2">"m010"</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">ptolemy_variety</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">3</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">degree_to_shapes</span><span class="p">()</span>
|
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|
+
<span class="go">3</span>
|
|
211
|
+
<span class="gp">>>> </span><span class="n">Manifold</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s2">"m011"</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">ptolemy_variety</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">3</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">degree_to_shapes</span><span class="p">()</span>
|
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+
<span class="go">1</span>
|
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213
|
+
</pre></div>
|
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|
+
</div>
|
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|
+
</dd></dl>
|
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|
+
|
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217
|
+
<dl class="py method">
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218
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+
<dt class="sig sig-object py" id="snappy.ptolemy.ptolemyVariety.PtolemyVariety.filename_base">
|
|
219
|
+
<span class="sig-name descname"><span class="pre">filename_base</span></span><span class="sig-paren">(</span><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#snappy.ptolemy.ptolemyVariety.PtolemyVariety.filename_base" title="Link to this definition"></a></dt>
|
|
220
|
+
<dd><p>Preferred filename base for writing out this Ptolemy variety</p>
|
|
221
|
+
<div class="doctest highlight-default notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="gp">>>> </span><span class="kn">from</span> <span class="nn">snappy</span> <span class="kn">import</span> <span class="o">*</span>
|
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|
+
<span class="gp">>>> </span><span class="n">M</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">Manifold</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">'4_1'</span><span class="p">)</span>
|
|
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|
+
<span class="gp">>>> </span><span class="n">p</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">M</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">ptolemy_variety</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">2</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">obstruction_class</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">)</span>
|
|
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|
+
<span class="gp">>>> </span><span class="n">p</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">filename_base</span><span class="p">()</span>
|
|
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|
+
<span class="go">'4_1__sl2_c1'</span>
|
|
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|
+
</pre></div>
|
|
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|
+
</div>
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+
<div class="doctest highlight-default notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="gp">>>> </span><span class="n">p</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">M</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">ptolemy_variety</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">2</span><span class="p">)</span>
|
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|
+
<span class="gp">>>> </span><span class="n">p</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">filename_base</span><span class="p">()</span>
|
|
230
|
+
<span class="go">'4_1__sl2_c0'</span>
|
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+
</pre></div>
|
|
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+
</div>
|
|
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|
+
</dd></dl>
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|
+
|
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235
|
+
<dl class="py method">
|
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236
|
+
<dt class="sig sig-object py" id="snappy.ptolemy.ptolemyVariety.PtolemyVariety.py_eval_section">
|
|
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+
<span class="sig-name descname"><span class="pre">py_eval_section</span></span><span class="sig-paren">(</span><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#snappy.ptolemy.ptolemyVariety.PtolemyVariety.py_eval_section" title="Link to this definition"></a></dt>
|
|
238
|
+
<dd><p>Returns a string that can be evaluated in python and contains extra
|
|
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|
+
information needed to recover solutions from a simplified Ptolemy
|
|
240
|
+
variety.</p>
|
|
241
|
+
<div class="doctest highlight-default notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="gp">>>> </span><span class="kn">from</span> <span class="nn">snappy</span> <span class="kn">import</span> <span class="n">Manifold</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">pari</span>
|
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|
+
<span class="gp">>>> </span><span class="n">M</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">Manifold</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">'4_1'</span><span class="p">)</span>
|
|
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|
+
<span class="gp">>>> </span><span class="n">p</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">M</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">ptolemy_variety</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">2</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">obstruction_class</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">)</span>
|
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|
+
</pre></div>
|
|
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|
+
</div>
|
|
246
|
+
<p>Get extra information</p>
|
|
247
|
+
<div class="doctest highlight-default notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="gp">>>> </span><span class="n">eval_section</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">p</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">py_eval_section</span><span class="p">()</span>
|
|
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|
+
<span class="gp">>>> </span><span class="nb">print</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">eval_section</span><span class="p">)</span>
|
|
249
|
+
<span class="go">{'variable_dict' :</span>
|
|
250
|
+
<span class="go"> (lambda d: {</span>
|
|
251
|
+
<span class="go"> ...</span>
|
|
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|
+
</pre></div>
|
|
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|
+
</div>
|
|
254
|
+
<p>Turn it into a python object by evaluation.</p>
|
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255
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+
<div class="doctest highlight-default notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="gp">>>> </span><span class="n">obj</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="nb">eval</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">eval_section</span><span class="p">)</span>
|
|
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|
+
</pre></div>
|
|
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|
+
</div>
|
|
258
|
+
<p>Access the function that expands a solution to the simplified
|
|
259
|
+
Ptolemy variety to a full solution.</p>
|
|
260
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+
<div class="doctest highlight-default notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="gp">>>> </span><span class="n">variable_dict</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">obj</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="s1">'variable_dict'</span><span class="p">]</span>
|
|
261
|
+
</pre></div>
|
|
262
|
+
</div>
|
|
263
|
+
<p>Setup a solution and expand it to a full solution, ‘1’ must map to 1</p>
|
|
264
|
+
<div class="doctest highlight-default notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="gp">>>> </span><span class="n">simplified_solution</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="p">{</span><span class="s1">'c_0101_0'</span> <span class="p">:</span> <span class="n">pari</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">'0.5 - 0.866025403784439*I'</span><span class="p">),</span> <span class="s1">'1'</span> <span class="p">:</span> <span class="n">pari</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">),</span> <span class="s1">'c_0011_0'</span> <span class="p">:</span> <span class="n">pari</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">)}</span>
|
|
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|
+
<span class="gp">>>> </span><span class="n">full_solution</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">variable_dict</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">simplified_solution</span><span class="p">)</span>
|
|
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|
+
</pre></div>
|
|
267
|
+
</div>
|
|
268
|
+
<p>Full solution is a dictionary with a key for every Ptolemy coordinate</p>
|
|
269
|
+
<div class="doctest highlight-default notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="gp">>>> </span><span class="n">full_solution</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="s1">'c_1010_1'</span><span class="p">]</span>
|
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|
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<span class="go">1</span>
|
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<span class="gp">>>> </span><span class="k">for</span> <span class="n">tet</span> <span class="ow">in</span> <span class="nb">range</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">2</span><span class="p">):</span>
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<span class="gp">... </span> <span class="k">for</span> <span class="n">i</span> <span class="ow">in</span> <span class="n">utilities</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">quadruples_with_fixed_sum_iterator</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">2</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">skipVertices</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="kc">True</span><span class="p">):</span>
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<span class="gp">... </span> <span class="n">c</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="s2">"c_</span><span class="si">%d%d%d%d</span><span class="s2">"</span> <span class="o">%</span> <span class="n">i</span> <span class="o">+</span> <span class="s2">"_</span><span class="si">%d</span><span class="s2">"</span> <span class="o">%</span> <span class="n">tet</span>
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<span class="gp">... </span> <span class="k">assert</span> <span class="n">c</span> <span class="ow">in</span> <span class="n">full_solution</span>
|
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</pre></div>
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</div>
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</dd></dl>
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<dl class="py method">
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<dt class="sig sig-object py" id="snappy.ptolemy.ptolemyVariety.PtolemyVariety.to_magma">
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<span class="sig-name descname"><span class="pre">to_magma</span></span><span class="sig-paren">(</span><em class="sig-param"><span class="n"><span class="pre">template_path</span></span><span class="o"><span class="pre">=</span></span><span class="default_value"><span class="pre">'magma/default.magma_template'</span></span></em><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#snappy.ptolemy.ptolemyVariety.PtolemyVariety.to_magma" title="Link to this definition"></a></dt>
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<dd><p>Returns a string with the ideal that can be used as input for magma.</p>
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<p>The advanced user can provide a template string to write own magma
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code to process the equations.</p>
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<div class="doctest highlight-default notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="gp">>>> </span><span class="kn">from</span> <span class="nn">snappy</span> <span class="kn">import</span> <span class="o">*</span>
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<span class="gp">>>> </span><span class="n">p</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">Manifold</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s2">"4_1"</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">ptolemy_variety</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">2</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">obstruction_class</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">)</span>
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</pre></div>
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</div>
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<p>Magma input to compute radical Decomposition
|
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+
>>> s = p.to_magma()
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+
>>> print(s.split(‘ring and ideal’)[1].strip()) #doctest: +ELLIPSIS +NORMALIZE_WHITESPACE
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+
R<c_0011_0, c_0101_0> := PolynomialRing(RationalField(), 2, “grevlex”);
|
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MyIdeal := ideal<R | - c_0011_0 * c_0101_0 + c_0011_0^2 + c_0101_0^2,
|
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…
|
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>>> “RadicalDecomposition” in p.to_magma()
|
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True</p>
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</dd></dl>
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<dl class="py method">
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<dt class="sig sig-object py" id="snappy.ptolemy.ptolemyVariety.PtolemyVariety.to_magma_file">
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<span class="sig-name descname"><span class="pre">to_magma_file</span></span><span class="sig-paren">(</span><em class="sig-param"><span class="n"><span class="pre">filename</span></span></em>, <em class="sig-param"><span class="n"><span class="pre">template_path</span></span><span class="o"><span class="pre">=</span></span><span class="default_value"><span class="pre">'magma/default.magma_template'</span></span></em><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#snappy.ptolemy.ptolemyVariety.PtolemyVariety.to_magma_file" title="Link to this definition"></a></dt>
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<dd><div class="doctest highlight-default notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="gp">>>> </span><span class="kn">import</span> <span class="nn">os</span><span class="o">,</span> <span class="nn">tempfile</span>
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<span class="gp">>>> </span><span class="kn">from</span> <span class="nn">snappy</span> <span class="kn">import</span> <span class="n">Manifold</span>
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<span class="gp">>>> </span><span class="n">handle</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">name</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">tempfile</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">mkstemp</span><span class="p">()</span>
|
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|
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<span class="gp">>>> </span><span class="n">p</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">Manifold</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s2">"4_1"</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">ptolemy_variety</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">2</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">obstruction_class</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">)</span>
|
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|
+
<span class="gp">>>> </span><span class="n">p</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">to_magma_file</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">name</span><span class="p">)</span>
|
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|
+
<span class="gp">>>> </span><span class="n">os</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">close</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">handle</span><span class="p">);</span> <span class="n">os</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">remove</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">name</span><span class="p">)</span>
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+
</pre></div>
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</div>
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</dd></dl>
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+
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</dd></dl>
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+
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+
</section>
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|
+
<section id="ptolemycoordinates">
|
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<h2>PtolemyCoordinates<a class="headerlink" href="#ptolemycoordinates" title="Link to this heading"></a></h2>
|
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<dl class="py class">
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318
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<dt class="sig sig-object py" id="snappy.ptolemy.coordinates.PtolemyCoordinates">
|
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319
|
+
<em class="property"><span class="pre">class</span><span class="w"> </span></em><span class="sig-prename descclassname"><span class="pre">snappy.ptolemy.coordinates.</span></span><span class="sig-name descname"><span class="pre">PtolemyCoordinates</span></span><span class="sig-paren">(</span><em class="sig-param"><span class="n"><span class="pre">d</span></span></em>, <em class="sig-param"><span class="n"><span class="pre">is_numerical=True</span></span></em>, <em class="sig-param"><span class="n"><span class="pre">py_eval_section=None</span></span></em>, <em class="sig-param"><span class="n"><span class="pre">manifold_thunk=<function</span> <span class="pre">PtolemyCoordinates.<lambda>></span></span></em>, <em class="sig-param"><span class="n"><span class="pre">non_trivial_generalized_obstruction_class=False</span></span></em><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#snappy.ptolemy.coordinates.PtolemyCoordinates" title="Link to this definition"></a></dt>
|
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<dd><p>Represents a solution of a Ptolemy variety as python dictionary.</p>
|
|
321
|
+
<p>=== Examples ===</p>
|
|
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|
+
<p>Construct solution from magma output:</p>
|
|
323
|
+
<div class="doctest highlight-default notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="gp">>>> </span><span class="kn">from</span> <span class="nn">snappy.ptolemy.processMagmaFile</span> <span class="kn">import</span> <span class="n">_magma_output_for_4_1__sl3</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">solutions_from_magma</span>
|
|
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|
+
<span class="gp">>>> </span><span class="kn">from</span> <span class="nn">snappy</span> <span class="kn">import</span> <span class="n">Manifold</span>
|
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|
+
<span class="gp">>>> </span><span class="n">solutions</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">solutions_from_magma</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">_magma_output_for_4_1__sl3</span><span class="p">)</span>
|
|
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|
+
<span class="gp">>>> </span><span class="n">solution</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">solutions</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="mi">2</span><span class="p">]</span>
|
|
327
|
+
</pre></div>
|
|
328
|
+
</div>
|
|
329
|
+
<p>Access a Ptolemy coordinate:</p>
|
|
330
|
+
<div class="doctest highlight-default notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="gp">>>> </span><span class="n">solution</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="s1">'c_2100_0'</span><span class="p">]</span>
|
|
331
|
+
<span class="go">1</span>
|
|
332
|
+
</pre></div>
|
|
333
|
+
</div>
|
|
334
|
+
<div class="doctest highlight-default notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="gp">>>> </span><span class="n">solution</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">number_field</span><span class="p">()</span>
|
|
335
|
+
<span class="go">x^2 + x + 1</span>
|
|
336
|
+
</pre></div>
|
|
337
|
+
</div>
|
|
338
|
+
<p>Solution is always 0 dimensional:</p>
|
|
339
|
+
<div class="doctest highlight-default notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="gp">>>> </span><span class="n">solution</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">dimension</span>
|
|
340
|
+
<span class="go">0</span>
|
|
341
|
+
</pre></div>
|
|
342
|
+
</div>
|
|
343
|
+
<p>Check that it is really a solution, exactly:</p>
|
|
344
|
+
<div class="doctest highlight-default notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="gp">>>> </span><span class="n">solution</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">check_against_manifold</span><span class="p">()</span>
|
|
345
|
+
</pre></div>
|
|
346
|
+
</div>
|
|
347
|
+
<p>If the solution was not created through the ptolemy module
|
|
348
|
+
and thus not associated to a manifold, we need to explicitly
|
|
349
|
+
specify one:</p>
|
|
350
|
+
<div class="doctest highlight-default notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="gp">>>> </span><span class="n">myDict</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="p">{}</span>
|
|
351
|
+
<span class="gp">>>> </span><span class="k">for</span> <span class="n">key</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">value</span> <span class="ow">in</span> <span class="n">solution</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">items</span><span class="p">():</span>
|
|
352
|
+
<span class="gp">... </span> <span class="n">myDict</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="n">key</span><span class="p">]</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">value</span>
|
|
353
|
+
<span class="gp">>>> </span><span class="n">mysolution</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">PtolemyCoordinates</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">myDict</span><span class="p">)</span>
|
|
354
|
+
<span class="gp">>>> </span><span class="n">M</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">Manifold</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s2">"4_1"</span><span class="p">)</span>
|
|
355
|
+
<span class="gp">>>> </span><span class="n">solution</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">check_against_manifold</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">M</span><span class="p">)</span>
|
|
356
|
+
</pre></div>
|
|
357
|
+
</div>
|
|
358
|
+
<p>Turn into (Galois conjugate) numerical solutions:</p>
|
|
359
|
+
<div class="doctest highlight-default notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="gp">>>> </span><span class="n">old_precision</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">pari</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">set_real_precision</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">100</span><span class="p">)</span> <span class="c1"># with high precision</span>
|
|
360
|
+
<span class="gp">>>> </span><span class="n">numerical_solutions</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">solution</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">numerical</span><span class="p">()</span>
|
|
361
|
+
</pre></div>
|
|
362
|
+
</div>
|
|
363
|
+
<p>Check that it is a solution, numerically:</p>
|
|
364
|
+
<div class="doctest highlight-default notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="gp">>>> </span><span class="n">numerical_solutions</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">]</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">check_against_manifold</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">M</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="mf">1e-80</span><span class="p">)</span>
|
|
365
|
+
<span class="gp">>>> </span><span class="n">pari</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">set_real_precision</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">old_precision</span><span class="p">)</span> <span class="c1"># reset pari engine</span>
|
|
366
|
+
<span class="go">100</span>
|
|
367
|
+
</pre></div>
|
|
368
|
+
</div>
|
|
369
|
+
<p>Compute cross ratios from the Ptolemy coordinates (cross ratios
|
|
370
|
+
according to SnapPy convention, see help(solution.cross_ratios):</p>
|
|
371
|
+
<div class="doctest highlight-default notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="gp">>>> </span><span class="n">cross</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">solution</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">cross_ratios</span><span class="p">()</span>
|
|
372
|
+
<span class="gp">>>> </span><span class="n">cross</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="s1">'z_0001_0'</span><span class="p">]</span>
|
|
373
|
+
<span class="go">Mod(-x, x^2 + x + 1)</span>
|
|
374
|
+
</pre></div>
|
|
375
|
+
</div>
|
|
376
|
+
<p>Compute volumes:</p>
|
|
377
|
+
<div class="doctest highlight-default notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="gp">>>> </span><span class="n">volumes</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">cross</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">volume_numerical</span><span class="p">()</span>
|
|
378
|
+
</pre></div>
|
|
379
|
+
</div>
|
|
380
|
+
<p>Check that volume is 4 times the geometric one:</p>
|
|
381
|
+
<div class="doctest highlight-default notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="gp">>>> </span><span class="n">volume</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">volumes</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">]</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">abs</span><span class="p">()</span>
|
|
382
|
+
<span class="gp">>>> </span><span class="n">diff</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="nb">abs</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">4</span> <span class="o">*</span> <span class="n">M</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">volume</span><span class="p">()</span> <span class="o">-</span> <span class="n">volume</span><span class="p">)</span>
|
|
383
|
+
<span class="gp">>>> </span><span class="n">diff</span> <span class="o"><</span> <span class="mf">1e-9</span>
|
|
384
|
+
<span class="go">True</span>
|
|
385
|
+
</pre></div>
|
|
386
|
+
</div>
|
|
387
|
+
<p>Compute flattenings:</p>
|
|
388
|
+
<div class="doctest highlight-default notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="gp">>>> </span><span class="n">flattenings</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">solution</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">flattenings_numerical</span><span class="p">()</span>
|
|
389
|
+
</pre></div>
|
|
390
|
+
</div>
|
|
391
|
+
<p>Compute complex volumes:</p>
|
|
392
|
+
<div class="doctest highlight-default notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="gp">>>> </span><span class="n">cvols</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="p">[</span><span class="n">flattening</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">complex_volume</span><span class="p">()</span> <span class="k">for</span> <span class="n">flattening</span> <span class="ow">in</span> <span class="n">flattenings</span><span class="p">]</span>
|
|
393
|
+
<span class="gp">>>> </span><span class="n">volume</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">cvols</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">]</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">real</span><span class="p">()</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">abs</span><span class="p">()</span>
|
|
394
|
+
<span class="gp">>>> </span><span class="n">chernSimons</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">cvols</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">]</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">imag</span><span class="p">()</span>
|
|
395
|
+
<span class="gp">>>> </span><span class="n">diff</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="nb">abs</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">4</span> <span class="o">*</span> <span class="n">M</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">volume</span><span class="p">()</span> <span class="o">-</span> <span class="n">volume</span><span class="p">)</span>
|
|
396
|
+
<span class="gp">>>> </span><span class="n">diff</span> <span class="o"><</span> <span class="mf">1e-9</span>
|
|
397
|
+
<span class="go">True</span>
|
|
398
|
+
</pre></div>
|
|
399
|
+
</div>
|
|
400
|
+
<div class="doctest highlight-default notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="gp">>>> </span><span class="kn">from</span> <span class="nn">snappy</span> <span class="kn">import</span> <span class="n">pari</span>
|
|
401
|
+
<span class="gp">>>> </span><span class="n">normalized</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">chernSimons</span> <span class="o">*</span> <span class="mi">6</span> <span class="o">/</span> <span class="p">(</span><span class="n">pari</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">'Pi'</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="o">**</span><span class="mi">2</span><span class="p">)</span>
|
|
402
|
+
</pre></div>
|
|
403
|
+
</div>
|
|
404
|
+
<p>Check that Chern Simons is zero up to 6 torsion:</p>
|
|
405
|
+
<div class="doctest highlight-default notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="gp">>>> </span><span class="n">normalized</span> <span class="o">-</span> <span class="n">normalized</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">round</span><span class="p">()</span> <span class="o"><</span> <span class="mf">1e-9</span>
|
|
406
|
+
<span class="go">True</span>
|
|
407
|
+
</pre></div>
|
|
408
|
+
</div>
|
|
409
|
+
<dl class="py method">
|
|
410
|
+
<dt class="sig sig-object py" id="snappy.ptolemy.coordinates.PtolemyCoordinates.N">
|
|
411
|
+
<span class="sig-name descname"><span class="pre">N</span></span><span class="sig-paren">(</span><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#snappy.ptolemy.coordinates.PtolemyCoordinates.N" title="Link to this definition"></a></dt>
|
|
412
|
+
<dd><p>Get the <em>N</em> where these coordinates are for SL/PSL(<em>N</em>, <strong>C</strong>)-representations.</p>
|
|
413
|
+
</dd></dl>
|
|
414
|
+
|
|
415
|
+
<dl class="py method">
|
|
416
|
+
<dt class="sig sig-object py" id="snappy.ptolemy.coordinates.PtolemyCoordinates.check_against_manifold">
|
|
417
|
+
<span class="sig-name descname"><span class="pre">check_against_manifold</span></span><span class="sig-paren">(</span><em class="sig-param"><span class="n"><span class="pre">M</span></span><span class="o"><span class="pre">=</span></span><span class="default_value"><span class="pre">None</span></span></em>, <em class="sig-param"><span class="n"><span class="pre">epsilon</span></span><span class="o"><span class="pre">=</span></span><span class="default_value"><span class="pre">None</span></span></em><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#snappy.ptolemy.coordinates.PtolemyCoordinates.check_against_manifold" title="Link to this definition"></a></dt>
|
|
418
|
+
<dd><p>Checks that the given solution really is a solution to the Ptolemy
|
|
419
|
+
variety of a manifold. See help(ptolemy.PtolemyCoordinates) for
|
|
420
|
+
more example.</p>
|
|
421
|
+
<p>=== Arguments ===</p>
|
|
422
|
+
<ul class="simple">
|
|
423
|
+
<li><p>M — manifold to check this for</p></li>
|
|
424
|
+
<li><p>epsilon — maximal allowed error when checking the relations, use
|
|
425
|
+
None for exact comparison.</p></li>
|
|
426
|
+
</ul>
|
|
427
|
+
</dd></dl>
|
|
428
|
+
|
|
429
|
+
<dl class="py method">
|
|
430
|
+
<dt class="sig sig-object py" id="snappy.ptolemy.coordinates.PtolemyCoordinates.complex_volume_numerical">
|
|
431
|
+
<span class="sig-name descname"><span class="pre">complex_volume_numerical</span></span><span class="sig-paren">(</span><em class="sig-param"><span class="n"><span class="pre">drop_negative_vols</span></span><span class="o"><span class="pre">=</span></span><span class="default_value"><span class="pre">False</span></span></em>, <em class="sig-param"><span class="n"><span class="pre">with_modulo</span></span><span class="o"><span class="pre">=</span></span><span class="default_value"><span class="pre">False</span></span></em><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#snappy.ptolemy.coordinates.PtolemyCoordinates.complex_volume_numerical" title="Link to this definition"></a></dt>
|
|
432
|
+
<dd><p>Turn into (Galois conjugate) numerical solutions and compute complex
|
|
433
|
+
volumes. If already numerical, return the volume.</p>
|
|
434
|
+
<p>Complex volume is defined up to i*pi**2/6.</p>
|
|
435
|
+
<p>See numerical(). If drop_negative_vols = True is given as optional
|
|
436
|
+
argument, only return complex volumes with non-negative real part.</p>
|
|
437
|
+
</dd></dl>
|
|
438
|
+
|
|
439
|
+
<dl class="py method">
|
|
440
|
+
<dt class="sig sig-object py" id="snappy.ptolemy.coordinates.PtolemyCoordinates.cross_ratios">
|
|
441
|
+
<span class="sig-name descname"><span class="pre">cross_ratios</span></span><span class="sig-paren">(</span><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#snappy.ptolemy.coordinates.PtolemyCoordinates.cross_ratios" title="Link to this definition"></a></dt>
|
|
442
|
+
<dd><p>Compute cross ratios from Ptolemy coordinates. The cross ratios are
|
|
443
|
+
according to the SnapPy convention, so we have:</p>
|
|
444
|
+
<div class="highlight-default notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="n">z</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="mi">1</span> <span class="o">-</span> <span class="mi">1</span><span class="o">/</span><span class="n">zp</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">zp</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="mi">1</span> <span class="o">-</span> <span class="mi">1</span><span class="o">/</span><span class="n">zpp</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">zpp</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="mi">1</span> <span class="o">-</span> <span class="mi">1</span><span class="o">/</span><span class="n">z</span>
|
|
445
|
+
</pre></div>
|
|
446
|
+
</div>
|
|
447
|
+
<p>where:</p>
|
|
448
|
+
<div class="highlight-default notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="n">z</span> <span class="ow">is</span> <span class="n">at</span> <span class="n">the</span> <span class="n">edge</span> <span class="mi">01</span> <span class="ow">and</span> <span class="n">equal</span> <span class="n">to</span> <span class="n">s0</span> <span class="o">*</span> <span class="n">s1</span> <span class="o">*</span> <span class="p">(</span><span class="n">c_1010</span> <span class="o">*</span> <span class="n">c_0101</span><span class="p">)</span> <span class="o">/</span> <span class="p">(</span><span class="n">c_1001</span> <span class="o">*</span> <span class="n">c_0110</span><span class="p">)</span>
|
|
449
|
+
<span class="n">zp</span> <span class="ow">is</span> <span class="n">at</span> <span class="n">the</span> <span class="n">edge</span> <span class="mi">02</span> <span class="ow">and</span> <span class="n">equal</span> <span class="n">to</span> <span class="o">-</span> <span class="n">s0</span> <span class="o">*</span> <span class="n">s2</span> <span class="o">*</span> <span class="p">(</span><span class="n">c_1001</span> <span class="o">*</span> <span class="n">c_0110</span><span class="p">)</span> <span class="o">/</span> <span class="p">(</span><span class="n">c_1100</span> <span class="o">*</span> <span class="n">c_0011</span><span class="p">)</span>
|
|
450
|
+
<span class="n">zpp</span> <span class="ow">is</span> <span class="n">at</span> <span class="n">the</span> <span class="n">edge</span> <span class="mi">03</span> <span class="ow">and</span> <span class="n">equal</span> <span class="n">to</span> <span class="n">s0</span> <span class="o">*</span> <span class="n">s3</span> <span class="o">*</span> <span class="p">(</span><span class="n">c_1100</span> <span class="o">*</span> <span class="n">c_0011</span><span class="p">)</span> <span class="o">/</span> <span class="p">(</span><span class="n">c_0101</span> <span class="o">*</span> <span class="n">c_1010</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="o">.</span>
|
|
451
|
+
</pre></div>
|
|
452
|
+
</div>
|
|
453
|
+
<p>Note that this is different from the convention used in
|
|
454
|
+
Garoufalidis, Goerner, Zickert:
|
|
455
|
+
Gluing Equations for PGL(n,C)-Representations of 3-Manifolds
|
|
456
|
+
<a class="reference external" href="https://arxiv.org/abs/1207.6711">https://arxiv.org/abs/1207.6711</a></p>
|
|
457
|
+
<p>Take an exact solution:</p>
|
|
458
|
+
<div class="doctest highlight-default notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="gp">>>> </span><span class="kn">from</span> <span class="nn">snappy.ptolemy.processMagmaFile</span> <span class="kn">import</span> <span class="n">_magma_output_for_4_1__sl3</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">solutions_from_magma</span>
|
|
459
|
+
<span class="gp">>>> </span><span class="n">solutions</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">solutions_from_magma</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">_magma_output_for_4_1__sl3</span><span class="p">)</span>
|
|
460
|
+
<span class="gp">>>> </span><span class="n">solution</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">solutions</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="mi">2</span><span class="p">]</span>
|
|
461
|
+
</pre></div>
|
|
462
|
+
</div>
|
|
463
|
+
<p>Turn into cross Ratios:</p>
|
|
464
|
+
<div class="doctest highlight-default notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="gp">>>> </span><span class="n">crossRatios</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">solution</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">cross_ratios</span><span class="p">()</span>
|
|
465
|
+
</pre></div>
|
|
466
|
+
</div>
|
|
467
|
+
<p>Get a cross ratio:</p>
|
|
468
|
+
<div class="doctest highlight-default notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="gp">>>> </span><span class="n">crossRatios</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="s1">'zp_0010_0'</span><span class="p">]</span>
|
|
469
|
+
<span class="go">Mod(-x, x^2 + x + 1)</span>
|
|
470
|
+
</pre></div>
|
|
471
|
+
</div>
|
|
472
|
+
<p>Check the relationship between cross ratios:</p>
|
|
473
|
+
<div class="doctest highlight-default notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="gp">>>> </span><span class="n">crossRatios</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="s1">'z_0010_0'</span><span class="p">]</span> <span class="o">==</span> <span class="mi">1</span> <span class="o">-</span> <span class="mi">1</span> <span class="o">/</span> <span class="n">crossRatios</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="s1">'zp_0010_0'</span><span class="p">]</span>
|
|
474
|
+
<span class="go">True</span>
|
|
475
|
+
</pre></div>
|
|
476
|
+
</div>
|
|
477
|
+
<div class="doctest highlight-default notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="gp">>>> </span><span class="n">crossRatios</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="s1">'zp_0010_0'</span><span class="p">]</span> <span class="o">==</span> <span class="mi">1</span> <span class="o">-</span> <span class="mi">1</span> <span class="o">/</span> <span class="n">crossRatios</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="s1">'zpp_0010_0'</span><span class="p">]</span>
|
|
478
|
+
<span class="go">True</span>
|
|
479
|
+
</pre></div>
|
|
480
|
+
</div>
|
|
481
|
+
<div class="doctest highlight-default notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="gp">>>> </span><span class="n">crossRatios</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="s1">'zpp_0010_0'</span><span class="p">]</span> <span class="o">==</span> <span class="mi">1</span> <span class="o">-</span> <span class="mi">1</span> <span class="o">/</span> <span class="n">crossRatios</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="s1">'z_0010_0'</span><span class="p">]</span>
|
|
482
|
+
<span class="go">True</span>
|
|
483
|
+
</pre></div>
|
|
484
|
+
</div>
|
|
485
|
+
<p>Get information about what one can do with cross ratios</p>
|
|
486
|
+
</dd></dl>
|
|
487
|
+
|
|
488
|
+
<dl class="py method">
|
|
489
|
+
<dt class="sig sig-object py" id="snappy.ptolemy.coordinates.PtolemyCoordinates.cross_ratios_numerical">
|
|
490
|
+
<span class="sig-name descname"><span class="pre">cross_ratios_numerical</span></span><span class="sig-paren">(</span><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#snappy.ptolemy.coordinates.PtolemyCoordinates.cross_ratios_numerical" title="Link to this definition"></a></dt>
|
|
491
|
+
<dd><p>Turn exact solutions into numerical and then compute cross ratios.
|
|
492
|
+
See numerical() and cross_ratios().</p>
|
|
493
|
+
</dd></dl>
|
|
494
|
+
|
|
495
|
+
<dl class="py method">
|
|
496
|
+
<dt class="sig sig-object py" id="snappy.ptolemy.coordinates.PtolemyCoordinates.diamond_coordinate">
|
|
497
|
+
<span class="sig-name descname"><span class="pre">diamond_coordinate</span></span><span class="sig-paren">(</span><em class="sig-param"><span class="n"><span class="pre">tet</span></span></em>, <em class="sig-param"><span class="n"><span class="pre">v0</span></span></em>, <em class="sig-param"><span class="n"><span class="pre">v1</span></span></em>, <em class="sig-param"><span class="n"><span class="pre">v2</span></span></em>, <em class="sig-param"><span class="n"><span class="pre">pt</span></span></em><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#snappy.ptolemy.coordinates.PtolemyCoordinates.diamond_coordinate" title="Link to this definition"></a></dt>
|
|
498
|
+
<dd><p>Returns the diamond coordinate for tetrahedron with index tet
|
|
499
|
+
for the face with vertices v0, v1, v2 (integers between 0 and 3) and
|
|
500
|
+
integral point pt (quadruple adding up to N-2).</p>
|
|
501
|
+
<p>See Definition 10.1:
|
|
502
|
+
Garoufalidis, Goerner, Zickert:
|
|
503
|
+
Gluing Equations for PGL(n,C)-Representations of 3-Manifolds
|
|
504
|
+
<a class="reference external" href="https://arxiv.org/abs/1207.6711">https://arxiv.org/abs/1207.6711</a></p>
|
|
505
|
+
</dd></dl>
|
|
506
|
+
|
|
507
|
+
<dl class="py method">
|
|
508
|
+
<dt class="sig sig-object py" id="snappy.ptolemy.coordinates.PtolemyCoordinates.evaluate_word">
|
|
509
|
+
<span class="sig-name descname"><span class="pre">evaluate_word</span></span><span class="sig-paren">(</span><em class="sig-param"><span class="n"><span class="pre">word</span></span></em>, <em class="sig-param"><span class="n"><span class="pre">G</span></span><span class="o"><span class="pre">=</span></span><span class="default_value"><span class="pre">None</span></span></em><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#snappy.ptolemy.coordinates.PtolemyCoordinates.evaluate_word" title="Link to this definition"></a></dt>
|
|
510
|
+
<dd><p>Given a word in the generators of the fundamental group,
|
|
511
|
+
compute the corresponding matrix. By default, these are the
|
|
512
|
+
generators of the unsimplified presentation of the fundamental
|
|
513
|
+
group. An optional SnapPy fundamental group can be given if the
|
|
514
|
+
words are in generators of a different presentation, e.g.,
|
|
515
|
+
c.evaluate_word(word, M.fundamental_group(True)) to
|
|
516
|
+
evaluate a word in the simplified presentation returned by
|
|
517
|
+
M.fundamental_group(True).</p>
|
|
518
|
+
<p>For now, the matrix is returned as list of lists.</p>
|
|
519
|
+
</dd></dl>
|
|
520
|
+
|
|
521
|
+
<dl class="py method">
|
|
522
|
+
<dt class="sig sig-object py" id="snappy.ptolemy.coordinates.PtolemyCoordinates.flattenings_numerical">
|
|
523
|
+
<span class="sig-name descname"><span class="pre">flattenings_numerical</span></span><span class="sig-paren">(</span><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#snappy.ptolemy.coordinates.PtolemyCoordinates.flattenings_numerical" title="Link to this definition"></a></dt>
|
|
524
|
+
<dd><p>Turn into numerical solutions and compute flattenings, see
|
|
525
|
+
help(snappy.ptolemy.coordinates.Flattenings)
|
|
526
|
+
Also see numerical()</p>
|
|
527
|
+
<p>Get Ptolemy coordinates.</p>
|
|
528
|
+
<div class="doctest highlight-default notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="gp">>>> </span><span class="kn">from</span> <span class="nn">snappy.ptolemy.processMagmaFile</span> <span class="kn">import</span> <span class="n">_magma_output_for_4_1__sl3</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">solutions_from_magma</span>
|
|
529
|
+
<span class="gp">>>> </span><span class="n">solutions</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">solutions_from_magma</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">_magma_output_for_4_1__sl3</span><span class="p">)</span>
|
|
530
|
+
<span class="gp">>>> </span><span class="n">solution</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">solutions</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="mi">2</span><span class="p">]</span>
|
|
531
|
+
</pre></div>
|
|
532
|
+
</div>
|
|
533
|
+
<p>Compute a numerical solution</p>
|
|
534
|
+
<div class="doctest highlight-default notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="gp">>>> </span><span class="n">flattenings</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">solution</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">flattenings_numerical</span><span class="p">()</span>
|
|
535
|
+
</pre></div>
|
|
536
|
+
</div>
|
|
537
|
+
<p>Get more information with help(flattenings[0])</p>
|
|
538
|
+
</dd></dl>
|
|
539
|
+
|
|
540
|
+
<dl class="py method">
|
|
541
|
+
<dt class="sig sig-object py" id="snappy.ptolemy.coordinates.PtolemyCoordinates.get_manifold">
|
|
542
|
+
<span class="sig-name descname"><span class="pre">get_manifold</span></span><span class="sig-paren">(</span><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#snappy.ptolemy.coordinates.PtolemyCoordinates.get_manifold" title="Link to this definition"></a></dt>
|
|
543
|
+
<dd><p>Get the manifold for which this structure represents a solution
|
|
544
|
+
to the Ptolemy variety.</p>
|
|
545
|
+
</dd></dl>
|
|
546
|
+
|
|
547
|
+
<dl class="py method">
|
|
548
|
+
<dt class="sig sig-object py" id="snappy.ptolemy.coordinates.PtolemyCoordinates.has_obstruction">
|
|
549
|
+
<span class="sig-name descname"><span class="pre">has_obstruction</span></span><span class="sig-paren">(</span><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#snappy.ptolemy.coordinates.PtolemyCoordinates.has_obstruction" title="Link to this definition"></a></dt>
|
|
550
|
+
<dd><p>Whether the Ptolemy variety has legacy obstruction class that
|
|
551
|
+
modifies the Ptolemy relation to</p>
|
|
552
|
+
</dd></dl>
|
|
553
|
+
|
|
554
|
+
<dl class="py method">
|
|
555
|
+
<dt class="sig sig-object py" id="snappy.ptolemy.coordinates.PtolemyCoordinates.is_geometric">
|
|
556
|
+
<span class="sig-name descname"><span class="pre">is_geometric</span></span><span class="sig-paren">(</span><em class="sig-param"><span class="n"><span class="pre">epsilon</span></span><span class="o"><span class="pre">=</span></span><span class="default_value"><span class="pre">1e-06</span></span></em><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#snappy.ptolemy.coordinates.PtolemyCoordinates.is_geometric" title="Link to this definition"></a></dt>
|
|
557
|
+
<dd><p>Returns true if all shapes corresponding to this solution have positive
|
|
558
|
+
imaginary part.</p>
|
|
559
|
+
<p>If the solutions are exact, it returns true if one of the corresponding
|
|
560
|
+
numerical solutions is geometric.</p>
|
|
561
|
+
<p>An optional epsilon can be given. An imaginary part of a shape is
|
|
562
|
+
considered positive if it is larger than this epsilon.</p>
|
|
563
|
+
</dd></dl>
|
|
564
|
+
|
|
565
|
+
<dl class="py method">
|
|
566
|
+
<dt class="sig sig-object py" id="snappy.ptolemy.coordinates.PtolemyCoordinates.long_edge">
|
|
567
|
+
<span class="sig-name descname"><span class="pre">long_edge</span></span><span class="sig-paren">(</span><em class="sig-param"><span class="n"><span class="pre">tet</span></span></em>, <em class="sig-param"><span class="n"><span class="pre">v0</span></span></em>, <em class="sig-param"><span class="n"><span class="pre">v1</span></span></em>, <em class="sig-param"><span class="n"><span class="pre">v2</span></span></em><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#snappy.ptolemy.coordinates.PtolemyCoordinates.long_edge" title="Link to this definition"></a></dt>
|
|
568
|
+
<dd><p>The matrix that labels a long edge from v0 to v1 (integers between 0
|
|
569
|
+
and 3) of a (doubly) truncated simplex corresponding to an ideal
|
|
570
|
+
tetrahedron with index tet.</p>
|
|
571
|
+
<p>This matrix was labeled alpha^{v0v1v2} (v2 does not matter for non
|
|
572
|
+
double-truncated simplex) in Figure 18 of
|
|
573
|
+
Garoufalidis, Goerner, Zickert:
|
|
574
|
+
Gluing Equations for PGL(n,C)-Representations of 3-Manifolds
|
|
575
|
+
<a class="reference external" href="https://arxiv.org/abs/1207.6711">https://arxiv.org/abs/1207.6711</a></p>
|
|
576
|
+
<p>It is computed using equation 10.4. Note that the ratio coordinate
|
|
577
|
+
is different from the definition in the paper (see ratio_coordinate).</p>
|
|
578
|
+
<p>The resulting matrix is given as a python list of lists.</p>
|
|
579
|
+
</dd></dl>
|
|
580
|
+
|
|
581
|
+
<dl class="py method">
|
|
582
|
+
<dt class="sig sig-object py" id="snappy.ptolemy.coordinates.PtolemyCoordinates.middle_edge">
|
|
583
|
+
<span class="sig-name descname"><span class="pre">middle_edge</span></span><span class="sig-paren">(</span><em class="sig-param"><span class="n"><span class="pre">tet</span></span></em>, <em class="sig-param"><span class="n"><span class="pre">v0</span></span></em>, <em class="sig-param"><span class="n"><span class="pre">v1</span></span></em>, <em class="sig-param"><span class="n"><span class="pre">v2</span></span></em><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#snappy.ptolemy.coordinates.PtolemyCoordinates.middle_edge" title="Link to this definition"></a></dt>
|
|
584
|
+
<dd><p>The matrix that labels a middle edge on the face v0, v1, v2 (integers
|
|
585
|
+
between 0 and 3) of a doubly truncated simplex (or a short edge of the
|
|
586
|
+
truncated simplex) corresponding to an ideal tetrahedron with index
|
|
587
|
+
tet.</p>
|
|
588
|
+
<p>This matrix was labeled beta^{v0v1v2} in Figure 18 of
|
|
589
|
+
Garoufalidis, Goerner, Zickert:
|
|
590
|
+
Gluing Equations for PGL(n,C)-Representations of 3-Manifolds
|
|
591
|
+
<a class="reference external" href="https://arxiv.org/abs/1207.6711">https://arxiv.org/abs/1207.6711</a></p>
|
|
592
|
+
<p>It is computed using equation 10.4.</p>
|
|
593
|
+
<p>The resulting matrix is given as a python list of lists.</p>
|
|
594
|
+
</dd></dl>
|
|
595
|
+
|
|
596
|
+
<dl class="py method">
|
|
597
|
+
<dt class="sig sig-object py" id="snappy.ptolemy.coordinates.PtolemyCoordinates.multiply_and_simplify_terms_in_RUR">
|
|
598
|
+
<span class="sig-name descname"><span class="pre">multiply_and_simplify_terms_in_RUR</span></span><span class="sig-paren">(</span><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#snappy.ptolemy.coordinates.PtolemyCoordinates.multiply_and_simplify_terms_in_RUR" title="Link to this definition"></a></dt>
|
|
599
|
+
<dd><p>If a Ptolemy coordinate is given as Rational Univariate Representation
|
|
600
|
+
with numerator and denominator being a product, multiply the terms,
|
|
601
|
+
reduce the fraction and return the result.</p>
|
|
602
|
+
<p>See multiply_and_simplify_terms of RUR.</p>
|
|
603
|
+
<p>This loses information about how the numerator and denominator are
|
|
604
|
+
factorised.</p>
|
|
605
|
+
</dd></dl>
|
|
606
|
+
|
|
607
|
+
<dl class="py method">
|
|
608
|
+
<dt class="sig sig-object py" id="snappy.ptolemy.coordinates.PtolemyCoordinates.multiply_terms_in_RUR">
|
|
609
|
+
<span class="sig-name descname"><span class="pre">multiply_terms_in_RUR</span></span><span class="sig-paren">(</span><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#snappy.ptolemy.coordinates.PtolemyCoordinates.multiply_terms_in_RUR" title="Link to this definition"></a></dt>
|
|
610
|
+
<dd><p>If a Ptolemy coordinate is given as Rational Univariate Representation
|
|
611
|
+
with numerator and denominator being a product, multiply the terms and
|
|
612
|
+
return the result.</p>
|
|
613
|
+
<p>See multiply_terms of RUR.</p>
|
|
614
|
+
<p>This loses information about how the numerator and denominator are
|
|
615
|
+
factorised.</p>
|
|
616
|
+
</dd></dl>
|
|
617
|
+
|
|
618
|
+
<dl class="py method">
|
|
619
|
+
<dt class="sig sig-object py" id="snappy.ptolemy.coordinates.PtolemyCoordinates.num_tetrahedra">
|
|
620
|
+
<span class="sig-name descname"><span class="pre">num_tetrahedra</span></span><span class="sig-paren">(</span><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#snappy.ptolemy.coordinates.PtolemyCoordinates.num_tetrahedra" title="Link to this definition"></a></dt>
|
|
621
|
+
<dd><p>The number of tetrahedra for which we have Ptolemy coordinates.</p>
|
|
622
|
+
</dd></dl>
|
|
623
|
+
|
|
624
|
+
<dl class="py method">
|
|
625
|
+
<dt class="sig sig-object py" id="snappy.ptolemy.coordinates.PtolemyCoordinates.number_field">
|
|
626
|
+
<span class="sig-name descname"><span class="pre">number_field</span></span><span class="sig-paren">(</span><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#snappy.ptolemy.coordinates.PtolemyCoordinates.number_field" title="Link to this definition"></a></dt>
|
|
627
|
+
<dd><p>For an exact solution, return the number_field spanned by the
|
|
628
|
+
Ptolemy coordinates. If number_field is Q, return None.</p>
|
|
629
|
+
</dd></dl>
|
|
630
|
+
|
|
631
|
+
<dl class="py method">
|
|
632
|
+
<dt class="sig sig-object py" id="snappy.ptolemy.coordinates.PtolemyCoordinates.numerical">
|
|
633
|
+
<span class="sig-name descname"><span class="pre">numerical</span></span><span class="sig-paren">(</span><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#snappy.ptolemy.coordinates.PtolemyCoordinates.numerical" title="Link to this definition"></a></dt>
|
|
634
|
+
<dd><p>Turn exact solutions into numerical solutions using pari.</p>
|
|
635
|
+
<p>Take an exact solution:</p>
|
|
636
|
+
<div class="doctest highlight-default notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="gp">>>> </span><span class="kn">from</span> <span class="nn">snappy.ptolemy.processMagmaFile</span> <span class="kn">import</span> <span class="n">_magma_output_for_4_1__sl3</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">solutions_from_magma</span>
|
|
637
|
+
<span class="gp">>>> </span><span class="n">solutions</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">solutions_from_magma</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">_magma_output_for_4_1__sl3</span><span class="p">)</span>
|
|
638
|
+
<span class="gp">>>> </span><span class="n">solution</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">solutions</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="mi">2</span><span class="p">]</span>
|
|
639
|
+
</pre></div>
|
|
640
|
+
</div>
|
|
641
|
+
<p>Turn into a numerical solution:</p>
|
|
642
|
+
<div class="doctest highlight-default notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="gp">>>> </span><span class="n">old_precision</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">pari</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">set_real_precision</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">100</span><span class="p">)</span> <span class="c1"># with high precision</span>
|
|
643
|
+
<span class="gp">>>> </span><span class="n">numerical_solutions</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">solution</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">numerical</span><span class="p">()</span>
|
|
644
|
+
<span class="gp">>>> </span><span class="n">pari</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">set_real_precision</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">old_precision</span><span class="p">)</span> <span class="c1"># reset pari engine</span>
|
|
645
|
+
<span class="go">100</span>
|
|
646
|
+
</pre></div>
|
|
647
|
+
</div>
|
|
648
|
+
<p>Pick one of the Galois conjugates:</p>
|
|
649
|
+
<div class="doctest highlight-default notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="gp">>>> </span><span class="n">numerical_solution</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">numerical_solutions</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">]</span>
|
|
650
|
+
<span class="gp">>>> </span><span class="n">value</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">numerical_solution</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="s1">'c_1110_0'</span><span class="p">]</span>
|
|
651
|
+
</pre></div>
|
|
652
|
+
</div>
|
|
653
|
+
</dd></dl>
|
|
654
|
+
|
|
655
|
+
<dl class="py method">
|
|
656
|
+
<dt class="sig sig-object py" id="snappy.ptolemy.coordinates.PtolemyCoordinates.ratio_coordinate">
|
|
657
|
+
<span class="sig-name descname"><span class="pre">ratio_coordinate</span></span><span class="sig-paren">(</span><em class="sig-param"><span class="n"><span class="pre">tet</span></span></em>, <em class="sig-param"><span class="n"><span class="pre">v0</span></span></em>, <em class="sig-param"><span class="n"><span class="pre">v1</span></span></em>, <em class="sig-param"><span class="n"><span class="pre">pt</span></span></em><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#snappy.ptolemy.coordinates.PtolemyCoordinates.ratio_coordinate" title="Link to this definition"></a></dt>
|
|
658
|
+
<dd><p>Returns the ratio coordinate for tetrahedron with index tet
|
|
659
|
+
for the edge from v0 to v1 (integers between 0 and 3) and integral
|
|
660
|
+
point pt (quadruple adding up N-1) on the edge.</p>
|
|
661
|
+
<p>See Definition 10.2:
|
|
662
|
+
Garoufalidis, Goerner, Zickert:
|
|
663
|
+
Gluing Equations for PGL(n,C)-Representations of 3-Manifolds
|
|
664
|
+
<a class="reference external" href="https://arxiv.org/abs/1207.6711">https://arxiv.org/abs/1207.6711</a></p>
|
|
665
|
+
<p>Note that this definition turned out to have the wrong sign. Multiply
|
|
666
|
+
the result by -1 if v1 < v0 and N is even.</p>
|
|
667
|
+
</dd></dl>
|
|
668
|
+
|
|
669
|
+
<dl class="py method">
|
|
670
|
+
<dt class="sig sig-object py" id="snappy.ptolemy.coordinates.PtolemyCoordinates.short_edge">
|
|
671
|
+
<span class="sig-name descname"><span class="pre">short_edge</span></span><span class="sig-paren">(</span><em class="sig-param"><span class="n"><span class="pre">tet</span></span></em>, <em class="sig-param"><span class="n"><span class="pre">v0</span></span></em>, <em class="sig-param"><span class="n"><span class="pre">v1</span></span></em>, <em class="sig-param"><span class="n"><span class="pre">v2</span></span></em><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#snappy.ptolemy.coordinates.PtolemyCoordinates.short_edge" title="Link to this definition"></a></dt>
|
|
672
|
+
<dd><p>Returns the identity. This is because we can think of the matrices
|
|
673
|
+
given by Ptolemy coordinates of living on truncated simplices which
|
|
674
|
+
can be though of as doubly truncated simplices where all short edges
|
|
675
|
+
are collapsed, hence labeled by the identity.</p>
|
|
676
|
+
<p>See equation 10.4 in
|
|
677
|
+
Garoufalidis, Goerner, Zickert:
|
|
678
|
+
Gluing Equations for PGL(n,C)-Representations of 3-Manifolds
|
|
679
|
+
<a class="reference external" href="https://arxiv.org/abs/1207.6711">https://arxiv.org/abs/1207.6711</a></p>
|
|
680
|
+
</dd></dl>
|
|
681
|
+
|
|
682
|
+
<dl class="py method">
|
|
683
|
+
<dt class="sig sig-object py" id="snappy.ptolemy.coordinates.PtolemyCoordinates.to_PUR">
|
|
684
|
+
<span class="sig-name descname"><span class="pre">to_PUR</span></span><span class="sig-paren">(</span><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#snappy.ptolemy.coordinates.PtolemyCoordinates.to_PUR" title="Link to this definition"></a></dt>
|
|
685
|
+
<dd><p>If any Ptolemy coordinates are given as Rational Univariate
|
|
686
|
+
Representation, convert them to Polynomial Univariate Representation and
|
|
687
|
+
return the result.</p>
|
|
688
|
+
<p>See to_PUR of RUR.</p>
|
|
689
|
+
<p>This conversion might lead to very large coefficients.</p>
|
|
690
|
+
</dd></dl>
|
|
691
|
+
|
|
692
|
+
<dl class="py method">
|
|
693
|
+
<dt class="sig sig-object py" id="snappy.ptolemy.coordinates.PtolemyCoordinates.volume_numerical">
|
|
694
|
+
<span class="sig-name descname"><span class="pre">volume_numerical</span></span><span class="sig-paren">(</span><em class="sig-param"><span class="n"><span class="pre">drop_negative_vols</span></span><span class="o"><span class="pre">=</span></span><span class="default_value"><span class="pre">False</span></span></em><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#snappy.ptolemy.coordinates.PtolemyCoordinates.volume_numerical" title="Link to this definition"></a></dt>
|
|
695
|
+
<dd><p>Turn into (Galois conjugate) numerical solutions and compute volumes.
|
|
696
|
+
If already numerical, only return the one volume.
|
|
697
|
+
See numerical().</p>
|
|
698
|
+
<p>If drop_negative_vols = True is given as optional argument,
|
|
699
|
+
only return non-negative volumes.</p>
|
|
700
|
+
</dd></dl>
|
|
701
|
+
|
|
702
|
+
</dd></dl>
|
|
703
|
+
|
|
704
|
+
</section>
|
|
705
|
+
<section id="crossratios">
|
|
706
|
+
<h2>CrossRatios<a class="headerlink" href="#crossratios" title="Link to this heading"></a></h2>
|
|
707
|
+
<dl class="py class">
|
|
708
|
+
<dt class="sig sig-object py" id="snappy.ptolemy.coordinates.CrossRatios">
|
|
709
|
+
<em class="property"><span class="pre">class</span><span class="w"> </span></em><span class="sig-prename descclassname"><span class="pre">snappy.ptolemy.coordinates.</span></span><span class="sig-name descname"><span class="pre">CrossRatios</span></span><span class="sig-paren">(</span><em class="sig-param"><span class="n"><span class="pre">d</span></span></em>, <em class="sig-param"><span class="n"><span class="pre">is_numerical</span></span><span class="o"><span class="pre">=</span></span><span class="default_value"><span class="pre">True</span></span></em>, <em class="sig-param"><span class="n"><span class="pre">manifold_thunk</span></span><span class="o"><span class="pre">=</span></span><span class="default_value"><span class="pre">None</span></span></em><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#snappy.ptolemy.coordinates.CrossRatios" title="Link to this definition"></a></dt>
|
|
710
|
+
<dd><p>Represents assigned shape parameters/cross ratios as
|
|
711
|
+
dictionary. The cross ratios are according to SnapPy convention, so we
|
|
712
|
+
have:</p>
|
|
713
|
+
<div class="highlight-default notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="n">z</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="mi">1</span> <span class="o">-</span> <span class="mi">1</span><span class="o">/</span><span class="n">zp</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">zp</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="mi">1</span> <span class="o">-</span> <span class="mi">1</span><span class="o">/</span><span class="n">zpp</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">zpp</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="mi">1</span> <span class="o">-</span> <span class="mi">1</span><span class="o">/</span><span class="n">z</span>
|
|
714
|
+
</pre></div>
|
|
715
|
+
</div>
|
|
716
|
+
<p>where:</p>
|
|
717
|
+
<div class="highlight-default notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="n">z</span> <span class="ow">is</span> <span class="n">at</span> <span class="n">the</span> <span class="n">edge</span> <span class="mi">01</span> <span class="ow">and</span> <span class="n">equal</span> <span class="n">to</span> <span class="n">s0</span> <span class="o">*</span> <span class="n">s1</span> <span class="o">*</span> <span class="p">(</span><span class="n">c_1010</span> <span class="o">*</span> <span class="n">c_0101</span><span class="p">)</span> <span class="o">/</span> <span class="p">(</span><span class="n">c_1001</span> <span class="o">*</span> <span class="n">c_0110</span><span class="p">)</span>
|
|
718
|
+
<span class="n">zp</span> <span class="ow">is</span> <span class="n">at</span> <span class="n">the</span> <span class="n">edge</span> <span class="mi">02</span> <span class="ow">and</span> <span class="n">equal</span> <span class="n">to</span> <span class="n">s0</span> <span class="o">*</span> <span class="n">s2</span> <span class="o">*</span> <span class="p">(</span><span class="n">c_1001</span> <span class="o">*</span> <span class="n">c_0110</span><span class="p">)</span> <span class="o">/</span> <span class="p">(</span><span class="n">c_1100</span> <span class="o">*</span> <span class="n">c_0011</span><span class="p">)</span>
|
|
719
|
+
<span class="n">zpp</span> <span class="ow">is</span> <span class="n">at</span> <span class="n">the</span> <span class="n">edge</span> <span class="mi">03</span> <span class="ow">and</span> <span class="n">equal</span> <span class="n">to</span> <span class="n">s0</span> <span class="o">*</span> <span class="n">s3</span> <span class="o">*</span> <span class="p">(</span><span class="n">c_1100</span> <span class="o">*</span> <span class="n">c_0011</span><span class="p">)</span> <span class="o">/</span> <span class="p">(</span><span class="n">c_0101</span> <span class="o">*</span> <span class="n">c_1010</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="o">.</span>
|
|
720
|
+
</pre></div>
|
|
721
|
+
</div>
|
|
722
|
+
<p>Note that this is different from the convention used in
|
|
723
|
+
Garoufalidis, Goerner, Zickert:
|
|
724
|
+
Gluing Equations for PGL(n,C)-Representations of 3-Manifolds
|
|
725
|
+
<a class="reference external" href="https://arxiv.org/abs/1207.6711">https://arxiv.org/abs/1207.6711</a></p>
|
|
726
|
+
<dl class="py method">
|
|
727
|
+
<dt class="sig sig-object py" id="snappy.ptolemy.coordinates.CrossRatios.N">
|
|
728
|
+
<span class="sig-name descname"><span class="pre">N</span></span><span class="sig-paren">(</span><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#snappy.ptolemy.coordinates.CrossRatios.N" title="Link to this definition"></a></dt>
|
|
729
|
+
<dd><p>Get the N such that these cross ratios are for
|
|
730
|
+
SL/PSL(N,C)-representations.</p>
|
|
731
|
+
</dd></dl>
|
|
732
|
+
|
|
733
|
+
<dl class="py method">
|
|
734
|
+
<dt class="sig sig-object py" id="snappy.ptolemy.coordinates.CrossRatios.check_against_manifold">
|
|
735
|
+
<span class="sig-name descname"><span class="pre">check_against_manifold</span></span><span class="sig-paren">(</span><em class="sig-param"><span class="n"><span class="pre">M</span></span><span class="o"><span class="pre">=</span></span><span class="default_value"><span class="pre">None</span></span></em>, <em class="sig-param"><span class="n"><span class="pre">epsilon</span></span><span class="o"><span class="pre">=</span></span><span class="default_value"><span class="pre">None</span></span></em><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#snappy.ptolemy.coordinates.CrossRatios.check_against_manifold" title="Link to this definition"></a></dt>
|
|
736
|
+
<dd><p>Checks that the given solution really is a solution to the PGL(N,C) gluing
|
|
737
|
+
equations of a manifold. Usage similar to check_against_manifold of
|
|
738
|
+
PtolemyCoordinates. See help(ptolemy.PtolemtyCoordinates) for example.</p>
|
|
739
|
+
<p>=== Arguments ===</p>
|
|
740
|
+
<p>M — manifold to check this for
|
|
741
|
+
epsilon — maximal allowed error when checking the relations, use
|
|
742
|
+
None for exact comparison.</p>
|
|
743
|
+
</dd></dl>
|
|
744
|
+
|
|
745
|
+
<dl class="py method">
|
|
746
|
+
<dt class="sig sig-object py" id="snappy.ptolemy.coordinates.CrossRatios.evaluate_word">
|
|
747
|
+
<span class="sig-name descname"><span class="pre">evaluate_word</span></span><span class="sig-paren">(</span><em class="sig-param"><span class="n"><span class="pre">word</span></span></em>, <em class="sig-param"><span class="n"><span class="pre">G</span></span><span class="o"><span class="pre">=</span></span><span class="default_value"><span class="pre">None</span></span></em><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#snappy.ptolemy.coordinates.CrossRatios.evaluate_word" title="Link to this definition"></a></dt>
|
|
748
|
+
<dd><p>Given a word in the generators of the fundamental group,
|
|
749
|
+
compute the corresponding matrix. By default, these are the
|
|
750
|
+
generators of the unsimplified presentation of the fundamental
|
|
751
|
+
group. An optional SnapPy fundamental group can be given if the
|
|
752
|
+
words are in generators of a different presentation, e.g.,
|
|
753
|
+
c.evaluate_word(word, M.fundamental_group(True)) to
|
|
754
|
+
evaluate a word in the simplified presentation returned by
|
|
755
|
+
M.fundamental_group(True).</p>
|
|
756
|
+
<p>For now, the matrix is returned as list of lists.</p>
|
|
757
|
+
</dd></dl>
|
|
758
|
+
|
|
759
|
+
<dl class="py method">
|
|
760
|
+
<dt class="sig sig-object py" id="snappy.ptolemy.coordinates.CrossRatios.from_snappy_manifold">
|
|
761
|
+
<em class="property"><span class="pre">static</span><span class="w"> </span></em><span class="sig-name descname"><span class="pre">from_snappy_manifold</span></span><span class="sig-paren">(</span><em class="sig-param"><span class="n"><span class="pre">M</span></span></em>, <em class="sig-param"><span class="n"><span class="pre">dec_prec</span></span><span class="o"><span class="pre">=</span></span><span class="default_value"><span class="pre">None</span></span></em>, <em class="sig-param"><span class="n"><span class="pre">bits_prec</span></span><span class="o"><span class="pre">=</span></span><span class="default_value"><span class="pre">None</span></span></em>, <em class="sig-param"><span class="n"><span class="pre">intervals</span></span><span class="o"><span class="pre">=</span></span><span class="default_value"><span class="pre">False</span></span></em><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#snappy.ptolemy.coordinates.CrossRatios.from_snappy_manifold" title="Link to this definition"></a></dt>
|
|
762
|
+
<dd><p>Constructs an assignment of shape parameters/cross ratios using
|
|
763
|
+
the tetrahehdra_shapes method of a given SnapPy manifold. The optional
|
|
764
|
+
parameters are the same as that of tetrahedra_shapes.</p>
|
|
765
|
+
</dd></dl>
|
|
766
|
+
|
|
767
|
+
<dl class="py method">
|
|
768
|
+
<dt class="sig sig-object py" id="snappy.ptolemy.coordinates.CrossRatios.get_manifold">
|
|
769
|
+
<span class="sig-name descname"><span class="pre">get_manifold</span></span><span class="sig-paren">(</span><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#snappy.ptolemy.coordinates.CrossRatios.get_manifold" title="Link to this definition"></a></dt>
|
|
770
|
+
<dd><p>Get the manifold for which this structure represents a solution
|
|
771
|
+
to the gluing equations.</p>
|
|
772
|
+
</dd></dl>
|
|
773
|
+
|
|
774
|
+
<dl class="py method">
|
|
775
|
+
<dt class="sig sig-object py" id="snappy.ptolemy.coordinates.CrossRatios.induced_representation">
|
|
776
|
+
<span class="sig-name descname"><span class="pre">induced_representation</span></span><span class="sig-paren">(</span><em class="sig-param"><span class="n"><span class="pre">N</span></span></em><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#snappy.ptolemy.coordinates.CrossRatios.induced_representation" title="Link to this definition"></a></dt>
|
|
777
|
+
<dd><p>Given a PSL(2,C) representation constructs the induced representation
|
|
778
|
+
for the given N.
|
|
779
|
+
The induced representation is in SL(N,C) if N is odd and
|
|
780
|
+
SL(N,C) / {+1,-1} if N is even and is described in the Introduction of
|
|
781
|
+
Garoufalidis, Thurston, Zickert
|
|
782
|
+
The Complex Volume of SL(n,C)-Representations of 3-Manifolds
|
|
783
|
+
<a class="reference external" href="https://arxiv.org/abs/1111.2828">https://arxiv.org/abs/1111.2828</a></p>
|
|
784
|
+
<p>There is a canonical group homomorphism SL(2,C)->SL(N,C) coming from
|
|
785
|
+
the the natural SL(2,C)-action on the vector space Sym^{N-1}(C^2).
|
|
786
|
+
This homomorphisms decends to a homomorphism from PSL(2,C) if one
|
|
787
|
+
divides the right side by {+1,-1} when N is even.
|
|
788
|
+
Composing a representation with this homomorphism gives the induced
|
|
789
|
+
representation.</p>
|
|
790
|
+
</dd></dl>
|
|
791
|
+
|
|
792
|
+
<dl class="py method">
|
|
793
|
+
<dt class="sig sig-object py" id="snappy.ptolemy.coordinates.CrossRatios.is_geometric">
|
|
794
|
+
<span class="sig-name descname"><span class="pre">is_geometric</span></span><span class="sig-paren">(</span><em class="sig-param"><span class="n"><span class="pre">epsilon</span></span><span class="o"><span class="pre">=</span></span><span class="default_value"><span class="pre">1e-06</span></span></em><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#snappy.ptolemy.coordinates.CrossRatios.is_geometric" title="Link to this definition"></a></dt>
|
|
795
|
+
<dd><p>Returns true if all shapes corresponding to this solution have positive
|
|
796
|
+
imaginary part.</p>
|
|
797
|
+
<p>If the solutions are exact, it returns true if one of the corresponding
|
|
798
|
+
numerical solutions is geometric.</p>
|
|
799
|
+
<p>An optional epsilon can be given. An imaginary part of a shape is
|
|
800
|
+
considered positive if it is larger than this epsilon.</p>
|
|
801
|
+
</dd></dl>
|
|
802
|
+
|
|
803
|
+
<dl class="py method">
|
|
804
|
+
<dt class="sig sig-object py" id="snappy.ptolemy.coordinates.CrossRatios.is_induced_from_psl2">
|
|
805
|
+
<span class="sig-name descname"><span class="pre">is_induced_from_psl2</span></span><span class="sig-paren">(</span><em class="sig-param"><span class="n"><span class="pre">epsilon</span></span><span class="o"><span class="pre">=</span></span><span class="default_value"><span class="pre">None</span></span></em><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#snappy.ptolemy.coordinates.CrossRatios.is_induced_from_psl2" title="Link to this definition"></a></dt>
|
|
806
|
+
<dd><p>For each simplex and each edges, checks that all cross ratios of that
|
|
807
|
+
simplex that are parallel to that each are the same (maximal absolute
|
|
808
|
+
difference is the epsilon given as argument).
|
|
809
|
+
This means that the corresponding representation is induced by a
|
|
810
|
+
PSL(2,C) representation.</p>
|
|
811
|
+
</dd></dl>
|
|
812
|
+
|
|
813
|
+
<dl class="py method">
|
|
814
|
+
<dt class="sig sig-object py" id="snappy.ptolemy.coordinates.CrossRatios.is_pu_2_1_representation">
|
|
815
|
+
<span class="sig-name descname"><span class="pre">is_pu_2_1_representation</span></span><span class="sig-paren">(</span><em class="sig-param"><span class="n"><span class="pre">epsilon</span></span></em>, <em class="sig-param"><span class="n"><span class="pre">epsilon2</span></span><span class="o"><span class="pre">=</span></span><span class="default_value"><span class="pre">None</span></span></em><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#snappy.ptolemy.coordinates.CrossRatios.is_pu_2_1_representation" title="Link to this definition"></a></dt>
|
|
816
|
+
<dd><p>Returns True if the representation is also a
|
|
817
|
+
PU(2,1)-representation. This uses Proposition 3.5 and the
|
|
818
|
+
remark following that proposition in <a class="reference internal" href="#fkr2013" id="id1"><span>[FKR2013]</span></a>.</p>
|
|
819
|
+
<p>If a condition given in that Proposition is violated, the method returns
|
|
820
|
+
an object whose Boolean value is still False and that indicates which condition
|
|
821
|
+
was violated. Thus, this method can still be used in <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">if</span></code> statements.</p>
|
|
822
|
+
<p>The method tests the following complex equalities and inequalities:</p>
|
|
823
|
+
<ul class="simple">
|
|
824
|
+
<li><p>the three complex equations given in (3.5.1) of <a class="reference internal" href="#fkr2013" id="id2"><span>[FKR2013]</span></a>.</p></li>
|
|
825
|
+
<li><p>the inequality z<sub>ijl</sub> <span class="math notranslate nohighlight">\(\\not=\)</span> -1.</p></li>
|
|
826
|
+
</ul>
|
|
827
|
+
<p><strong>Remark:</strong> It does not check whether all z<sub>ij</sub> * z<sub>ji</sub> are real or
|
|
828
|
+
not as these are still valid CR configurations, see the remark following
|
|
829
|
+
Proposition 3.5.</p>
|
|
830
|
+
<p>The user has to supply an epsilon: an equality/inequality is considered
|
|
831
|
+
to be true if and only if the absolute value | LHS - RHS | of difference between the
|
|
832
|
+
left and right hand side is less/greater than epsilon.</p>
|
|
833
|
+
<p>The user can supply another parameter, epsilon2. If any | LHS - RHS | is in
|
|
834
|
+
the interval [epsilon, epsilon2], this method fails with an exception
|
|
835
|
+
as the value of | LHS - RHS | is an ambiguous interval where
|
|
836
|
+
it is unclear whether inequality fails to hold because it truly does
|
|
837
|
+
hold or just because of numerical noise.</p>
|
|
838
|
+
</dd></dl>
|
|
839
|
+
|
|
840
|
+
<dl class="py method">
|
|
841
|
+
<dt class="sig sig-object py" id="snappy.ptolemy.coordinates.CrossRatios.is_real">
|
|
842
|
+
<span class="sig-name descname"><span class="pre">is_real</span></span><span class="sig-paren">(</span><em class="sig-param"><span class="n"><span class="pre">epsilon</span></span></em><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#snappy.ptolemy.coordinates.CrossRatios.is_real" title="Link to this definition"></a></dt>
|
|
843
|
+
<dd><p>Returns True if all cross ratios are real (have absolute imaginary
|
|
844
|
+
part < epsilon where epsilon is given as argument).
|
|
845
|
+
This means that the corresponding representation is in PSL(N,R).</p>
|
|
846
|
+
</dd></dl>
|
|
847
|
+
|
|
848
|
+
<dl class="py method">
|
|
849
|
+
<dt class="sig sig-object py" id="snappy.ptolemy.coordinates.CrossRatios.long_edge">
|
|
850
|
+
<span class="sig-name descname"><span class="pre">long_edge</span></span><span class="sig-paren">(</span><em class="sig-param"><span class="n"><span class="pre">tet</span></span></em>, <em class="sig-param"><span class="n"><span class="pre">v0</span></span></em>, <em class="sig-param"><span class="n"><span class="pre">v1</span></span></em>, <em class="sig-param"><span class="n"><span class="pre">v2</span></span></em><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#snappy.ptolemy.coordinates.CrossRatios.long_edge" title="Link to this definition"></a></dt>
|
|
851
|
+
<dd><p>The matrix that labels a long edge starting at vertex (v0, v1, v2)
|
|
852
|
+
of a doubly truncated simplex corresponding to the ideal tetrahedron
|
|
853
|
+
with index tet.</p>
|
|
854
|
+
<p>This matrix was labeled alpha^{v0v1v2} in Figure 18 of
|
|
855
|
+
Garoufalidis, Goerner, Zickert:
|
|
856
|
+
Gluing Equations for PGL(n,C)-Representations of 3-Manifolds
|
|
857
|
+
<a class="reference external" href="https://arxiv.org/abs/1207.6711">https://arxiv.org/abs/1207.6711</a></p>
|
|
858
|
+
<p>It is computed using equation 10.22.</p>
|
|
859
|
+
<p>The resulting matrix is given as a python list of lists.</p>
|
|
860
|
+
</dd></dl>
|
|
861
|
+
|
|
862
|
+
<dl class="py method">
|
|
863
|
+
<dt class="sig sig-object py" id="snappy.ptolemy.coordinates.CrossRatios.middle_edge">
|
|
864
|
+
<span class="sig-name descname"><span class="pre">middle_edge</span></span><span class="sig-paren">(</span><em class="sig-param"><span class="n"><span class="pre">tet</span></span></em>, <em class="sig-param"><span class="n"><span class="pre">v0</span></span></em>, <em class="sig-param"><span class="n"><span class="pre">v1</span></span></em>, <em class="sig-param"><span class="n"><span class="pre">v2</span></span></em><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#snappy.ptolemy.coordinates.CrossRatios.middle_edge" title="Link to this definition"></a></dt>
|
|
865
|
+
<dd><p>The matrix that labels a middle edge starting at vertex (v0, v1, v2)
|
|
866
|
+
of a doubly truncated simplex corresponding to the ideal tetrahedron
|
|
867
|
+
with index tet.</p>
|
|
868
|
+
<p>This matrix was labeled beta^{v0v1v2} in Figure 18 of
|
|
869
|
+
Garoufalidis, Goerner, Zickert:
|
|
870
|
+
Gluing Equations for PGL(n,C)-Representations of 3-Manifolds
|
|
871
|
+
<a class="reference external" href="https://arxiv.org/abs/1207.6711">https://arxiv.org/abs/1207.6711</a></p>
|
|
872
|
+
<p>It is computed using equation 10.22.</p>
|
|
873
|
+
<p>The resulting matrix is given as a python list of lists.</p>
|
|
874
|
+
</dd></dl>
|
|
875
|
+
|
|
876
|
+
<dl class="py method">
|
|
877
|
+
<dt class="sig sig-object py" id="snappy.ptolemy.coordinates.CrossRatios.multiply_and_simplify_terms_in_RUR">
|
|
878
|
+
<span class="sig-name descname"><span class="pre">multiply_and_simplify_terms_in_RUR</span></span><span class="sig-paren">(</span><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#snappy.ptolemy.coordinates.CrossRatios.multiply_and_simplify_terms_in_RUR" title="Link to this definition"></a></dt>
|
|
879
|
+
<dd><p>If a cross ratio is given as Rational Univariate Representation
|
|
880
|
+
with numerator and denominator being a product, multiply the terms,
|
|
881
|
+
reduce the fraction and return the result.</p>
|
|
882
|
+
<p>See multiply_and_simplify_terms of RUR.</p>
|
|
883
|
+
<p>This loses information about how the numerator and denominator are
|
|
884
|
+
factorised.</p>
|
|
885
|
+
</dd></dl>
|
|
886
|
+
|
|
887
|
+
<dl class="py method">
|
|
888
|
+
<dt class="sig sig-object py" id="snappy.ptolemy.coordinates.CrossRatios.multiply_terms_in_RUR">
|
|
889
|
+
<span class="sig-name descname"><span class="pre">multiply_terms_in_RUR</span></span><span class="sig-paren">(</span><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#snappy.ptolemy.coordinates.CrossRatios.multiply_terms_in_RUR" title="Link to this definition"></a></dt>
|
|
890
|
+
<dd><p>If a cross ratio is given as Rational Univariate Representation
|
|
891
|
+
with numerator and denominator being a product, multiply the terms and
|
|
892
|
+
return the result.</p>
|
|
893
|
+
<p>See multiply_terms of RUR.</p>
|
|
894
|
+
<p>This loses information about how the numerator and denominator are
|
|
895
|
+
factorised.</p>
|
|
896
|
+
</dd></dl>
|
|
897
|
+
|
|
898
|
+
<dl class="py method">
|
|
899
|
+
<dt class="sig sig-object py" id="snappy.ptolemy.coordinates.CrossRatios.num_tetrahedra">
|
|
900
|
+
<span class="sig-name descname"><span class="pre">num_tetrahedra</span></span><span class="sig-paren">(</span><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#snappy.ptolemy.coordinates.CrossRatios.num_tetrahedra" title="Link to this definition"></a></dt>
|
|
901
|
+
<dd><p>The number of tetrahedra for which we have cross ratios.</p>
|
|
902
|
+
</dd></dl>
|
|
903
|
+
|
|
904
|
+
<dl class="py method">
|
|
905
|
+
<dt class="sig sig-object py" id="snappy.ptolemy.coordinates.CrossRatios.numerical">
|
|
906
|
+
<span class="sig-name descname"><span class="pre">numerical</span></span><span class="sig-paren">(</span><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#snappy.ptolemy.coordinates.CrossRatios.numerical" title="Link to this definition"></a></dt>
|
|
907
|
+
<dd><p>Turn exact solutions into numerical solutions using pari. Similar to
|
|
908
|
+
numerical() of PtolemyCoordinates. See help(ptolemy.PtolemyCoordinates)
|
|
909
|
+
for example.</p>
|
|
910
|
+
</dd></dl>
|
|
911
|
+
|
|
912
|
+
<dl class="py method">
|
|
913
|
+
<dt class="sig sig-object py" id="snappy.ptolemy.coordinates.CrossRatios.short_edge">
|
|
914
|
+
<span class="sig-name descname"><span class="pre">short_edge</span></span><span class="sig-paren">(</span><em class="sig-param"><span class="n"><span class="pre">tet</span></span></em>, <em class="sig-param"><span class="n"><span class="pre">v0</span></span></em>, <em class="sig-param"><span class="n"><span class="pre">v1</span></span></em>, <em class="sig-param"><span class="n"><span class="pre">v2</span></span></em><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#snappy.ptolemy.coordinates.CrossRatios.short_edge" title="Link to this definition"></a></dt>
|
|
915
|
+
<dd><p>The matrix that labels a long edge starting at vertex (v0, v1, v2)
|
|
916
|
+
of a doubly truncated simplex corresponding to the ideal tetrahedron
|
|
917
|
+
with index tet.</p>
|
|
918
|
+
<p>This matrix was labeled gamma^{v0v1v2} in Figure 18 of
|
|
919
|
+
Garoufalidis, Goerner, Zickert:
|
|
920
|
+
Gluing Equations for PGL(n,C)-Representations of 3-Manifolds
|
|
921
|
+
<a class="reference external" href="https://arxiv.org/abs/1207.6711">https://arxiv.org/abs/1207.6711</a></p>
|
|
922
|
+
<p>It is computed using equation 10.22.</p>
|
|
923
|
+
<p>The resulting matrix is given as a python list of lists.</p>
|
|
924
|
+
</dd></dl>
|
|
925
|
+
|
|
926
|
+
<dl class="py method">
|
|
927
|
+
<dt class="sig sig-object py" id="snappy.ptolemy.coordinates.CrossRatios.to_PUR">
|
|
928
|
+
<span class="sig-name descname"><span class="pre">to_PUR</span></span><span class="sig-paren">(</span><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#snappy.ptolemy.coordinates.CrossRatios.to_PUR" title="Link to this definition"></a></dt>
|
|
929
|
+
<dd><p>If any Ptolemy coordinates are given as Rational Univariate
|
|
930
|
+
Representation, convert them to Polynomial Univariate Representation and
|
|
931
|
+
return the result.</p>
|
|
932
|
+
<p>See to_PUR of RUR.</p>
|
|
933
|
+
<p>This conversion might lead to very large coefficients.</p>
|
|
934
|
+
</dd></dl>
|
|
935
|
+
|
|
936
|
+
<dl class="py method">
|
|
937
|
+
<dt class="sig sig-object py" id="snappy.ptolemy.coordinates.CrossRatios.volume_numerical">
|
|
938
|
+
<span class="sig-name descname"><span class="pre">volume_numerical</span></span><span class="sig-paren">(</span><em class="sig-param"><span class="n"><span class="pre">drop_negative_vols</span></span><span class="o"><span class="pre">=</span></span><span class="default_value"><span class="pre">False</span></span></em><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#snappy.ptolemy.coordinates.CrossRatios.volume_numerical" title="Link to this definition"></a></dt>
|
|
939
|
+
<dd><p>Turn into (Galois conjugate) numerical solutions and compute volumes.
|
|
940
|
+
If already numerical, only compute the one volume.
|
|
941
|
+
See numerical().</p>
|
|
942
|
+
<p>If drop_negative_vols = True is given as optional argument,
|
|
943
|
+
only return non-negative volumes.</p>
|
|
944
|
+
</dd></dl>
|
|
945
|
+
|
|
946
|
+
<dl class="py method">
|
|
947
|
+
<dt class="sig sig-object py" id="snappy.ptolemy.coordinates.CrossRatios.x_coordinate">
|
|
948
|
+
<span class="sig-name descname"><span class="pre">x_coordinate</span></span><span class="sig-paren">(</span><em class="sig-param"><span class="n"><span class="pre">tet</span></span></em>, <em class="sig-param"><span class="n"><span class="pre">pt</span></span></em><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#snappy.ptolemy.coordinates.CrossRatios.x_coordinate" title="Link to this definition"></a></dt>
|
|
949
|
+
<dd><p>Returns the X-coordinate for the tetrahedron with index tet
|
|
950
|
+
at the point pt (quadruple of integers adding up to N).</p>
|
|
951
|
+
<p>See Definition 10.9:
|
|
952
|
+
Garoufalidis, Goerner, Zickert:
|
|
953
|
+
Gluing Equations for PGL(n,C)-Representations of 3-Manifolds
|
|
954
|
+
<a class="reference external" href="https://arxiv.org/abs/1207.6711">https://arxiv.org/abs/1207.6711</a></p>
|
|
955
|
+
</dd></dl>
|
|
956
|
+
|
|
957
|
+
</dd></dl>
|
|
958
|
+
|
|
959
|
+
</section>
|
|
960
|
+
<section id="flattenings">
|
|
961
|
+
<h2>Flattenings<a class="headerlink" href="#flattenings" title="Link to this heading"></a></h2>
|
|
962
|
+
<dl class="py class">
|
|
963
|
+
<dt class="sig sig-object py" id="snappy.ptolemy.coordinates.Flattenings">
|
|
964
|
+
<em class="property"><span class="pre">class</span><span class="w"> </span></em><span class="sig-prename descclassname"><span class="pre">snappy.ptolemy.coordinates.</span></span><span class="sig-name descname"><span class="pre">Flattenings</span></span><span class="sig-paren">(</span><em class="sig-param"><span class="n"><span class="pre">d</span></span></em>, <em class="sig-param"><span class="n"><span class="pre">manifold_thunk=<function</span> <span class="pre">Flattenings.<lambda>></span></span></em>, <em class="sig-param"><span class="n"><span class="pre">evenN=2</span></span></em><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#snappy.ptolemy.coordinates.Flattenings" title="Link to this definition"></a></dt>
|
|
965
|
+
<dd><p>Represents a flattening assigned to each edge of a simplex as dictionary.</p>
|
|
966
|
+
<p>We assign to each pair of parallel edges of each simplex a triple (w, z, p)
|
|
967
|
+
such that:</p>
|
|
968
|
+
<div class="highlight-default notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="n">w</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">log</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">z</span><span class="p">)</span> <span class="o">+</span> <span class="n">p</span> <span class="o">*</span> <span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">2</span> <span class="o">*</span> <span class="n">pi</span> <span class="o">*</span> <span class="n">i</span> <span class="o">/</span> <span class="n">N</span><span class="p">)</span> <span class="n">where</span> <span class="n">N</span> <span class="ow">is</span> <span class="n">fixed</span> <span class="ow">and</span> <span class="n">even</span><span class="o">.</span>
|
|
969
|
+
</pre></div>
|
|
970
|
+
</div>
|
|
971
|
+
<p>For N = 2, the three triples belonging to a simplex form a combinatorial
|
|
972
|
+
flattening (w0, w1, w2) as defined in Definition 3.1 in
|
|
973
|
+
Walter D. Neumann, Extended Bloch group and the Cheeger-Chern-Simons class
|
|
974
|
+
<a class="reference external" href="https://arxiv.org/abs/math.GT/0307092">https://arxiv.org/abs/math.GT/0307092</a></p>
|
|
975
|
+
<p>For N > 2, the three triples form a generalized combinatorial flattening
|
|
976
|
+
(w0, w1, w2) that gives an element in the generalized Extended Bloch group
|
|
977
|
+
which is the Extended Bloch group corresponding to the Riemann surface
|
|
978
|
+
given by:</p>
|
|
979
|
+
<div class="highlight-default notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="n">u1</span> <span class="o">*</span> <span class="n">e</span><span class="o">^</span><span class="n">w0</span> <span class="o">+</span> <span class="n">u2</span> <span class="o">*</span> <span class="n">e</span><span class="o">^</span><span class="n">w1</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="mi">1</span>
|
|
980
|
+
</pre></div>
|
|
981
|
+
</div>
|
|
982
|
+
<p>where u1^N = u2^N = 1.</p>
|
|
983
|
+
<p>A representation in SL(n,C) and SL(n,C)/{+1,-1} with n even gives an element
|
|
984
|
+
in the generalized Extended Bloch group for N = 2.
|
|
985
|
+
A representation in PSL(n,C) with n even in the group for N = n.
|
|
986
|
+
A representation in PSL(n,C) with n odd in the group for N = 2 * n.</p>
|
|
987
|
+
<p>This work has not been published yet.</p>
|
|
988
|
+
<p>If f is a flattening, then in the notation of Neumann, the value of:</p>
|
|
989
|
+
<div class="highlight-default notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="n">f</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="s1">'z_xxxx_y'</span><span class="p">]</span> <span class="ow">is</span> <span class="p">(</span><span class="n">w0</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">z</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">p</span><span class="p">)</span>
|
|
990
|
+
<span class="n">f</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="s1">'zp_xxxx_y'</span><span class="p">]</span> <span class="ow">is</span> <span class="p">(</span><span class="n">w1</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">z</span><span class="s1">', q)</span>
|
|
991
|
+
<span class="n">f</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="s1">'zpp_xxxx_y'</span><span class="p">]</span> <span class="ow">is</span> <span class="p">(</span><span class="n">w2</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">z</span><span class="s1">''</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">r</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="o">.</span>
|
|
992
|
+
</pre></div>
|
|
993
|
+
</div>
|
|
994
|
+
<dl class="py method">
|
|
995
|
+
<dt class="sig sig-object py" id="snappy.ptolemy.coordinates.Flattenings.N">
|
|
996
|
+
<span class="sig-name descname"><span class="pre">N</span></span><span class="sig-paren">(</span><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#snappy.ptolemy.coordinates.Flattenings.N" title="Link to this definition"></a></dt>
|
|
997
|
+
<dd><p>Get the N such that these cross ratios are for
|
|
998
|
+
SL/PSL(N,C)-representations.</p>
|
|
999
|
+
</dd></dl>
|
|
1000
|
+
|
|
1001
|
+
<dl class="py method">
|
|
1002
|
+
<dt class="sig sig-object py" id="snappy.ptolemy.coordinates.Flattenings.check_against_manifold">
|
|
1003
|
+
<span class="sig-name descname"><span class="pre">check_against_manifold</span></span><span class="sig-paren">(</span><em class="sig-param"><span class="n"><span class="pre">M</span></span><span class="o"><span class="pre">=</span></span><span class="default_value"><span class="pre">None</span></span></em>, <em class="sig-param"><span class="n"><span class="pre">epsilon</span></span><span class="o"><span class="pre">=</span></span><span class="default_value"><span class="pre">1e-10</span></span></em><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#snappy.ptolemy.coordinates.Flattenings.check_against_manifold" title="Link to this definition"></a></dt>
|
|
1004
|
+
<dd><p>Checks that the flattening really is a solution to the logarithmic
|
|
1005
|
+
PGL(N,C) gluing equations of a manifold. Usage similar to
|
|
1006
|
+
check_against_manifold of Ptolemy Coordinates, see
|
|
1007
|
+
help(ptolemy.Coordinates) for similar examples.</p>
|
|
1008
|
+
<p>=== Arguments ===</p>
|
|
1009
|
+
<p>M — manifold to check this for
|
|
1010
|
+
epsilon — maximal allowed error when checking the equations</p>
|
|
1011
|
+
</dd></dl>
|
|
1012
|
+
|
|
1013
|
+
<dl class="py method">
|
|
1014
|
+
<dt class="sig sig-object py" id="snappy.ptolemy.coordinates.Flattenings.complex_volume">
|
|
1015
|
+
<span class="sig-name descname"><span class="pre">complex_volume</span></span><span class="sig-paren">(</span><em class="sig-param"><span class="n"><span class="pre">with_modulo</span></span><span class="o"><span class="pre">=</span></span><span class="default_value"><span class="pre">False</span></span></em><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#snappy.ptolemy.coordinates.Flattenings.complex_volume" title="Link to this definition"></a></dt>
|
|
1016
|
+
<dd><p>Compute complex volume. The complex volume is defined only up to
|
|
1017
|
+
some multiple of m where m = i * pi**2/6 for PSL(2,C) and SL(N,C)
|
|
1018
|
+
and m = i * pi**2/18 for PSL(3,C).</p>
|
|
1019
|
+
<p>When called with with_modulo = True, gives a pair
|
|
1020
|
+
(volume, m)</p>
|
|
1021
|
+
</dd></dl>
|
|
1022
|
+
|
|
1023
|
+
<dl class="py method">
|
|
1024
|
+
<dt class="sig sig-object py" id="snappy.ptolemy.coordinates.Flattenings.from_tetrahedra_shapes_of_manifold">
|
|
1025
|
+
<em class="property"><span class="pre">classmethod</span><span class="w"> </span></em><span class="sig-name descname"><span class="pre">from_tetrahedra_shapes_of_manifold</span></span><span class="sig-paren">(</span><em class="sig-param"><span class="n"><span class="pre">M</span></span></em><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#snappy.ptolemy.coordinates.Flattenings.from_tetrahedra_shapes_of_manifold" title="Link to this definition"></a></dt>
|
|
1026
|
+
<dd><p>Takes as argument a manifold and produces (weak) flattenings using
|
|
1027
|
+
the tetrahedra_shapes of the manifold M.</p>
|
|
1028
|
+
<div class="doctest highlight-default notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="gp">>>> </span><span class="kn">from</span> <span class="nn">snappy</span> <span class="kn">import</span> <span class="n">Manifold</span>
|
|
1029
|
+
<span class="gp">>>> </span><span class="n">M</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">Manifold</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s2">"5_2"</span><span class="p">)</span>
|
|
1030
|
+
<span class="gp">>>> </span><span class="n">flattenings</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">Flattenings</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">from_tetrahedra_shapes_of_manifold</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">M</span><span class="p">)</span>
|
|
1031
|
+
<span class="gp">>>> </span><span class="n">flattenings</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">check_against_manifold</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">M</span><span class="p">)</span>
|
|
1032
|
+
<span class="gp">>>> </span><span class="n">flattenings</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">check_against_manifold</span><span class="p">()</span>
|
|
1033
|
+
</pre></div>
|
|
1034
|
+
</div>
|
|
1035
|
+
</dd></dl>
|
|
1036
|
+
|
|
1037
|
+
<dl class="py method">
|
|
1038
|
+
<dt class="sig sig-object py" id="snappy.ptolemy.coordinates.Flattenings.get_manifold">
|
|
1039
|
+
<span class="sig-name descname"><span class="pre">get_manifold</span></span><span class="sig-paren">(</span><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#snappy.ptolemy.coordinates.Flattenings.get_manifold" title="Link to this definition"></a></dt>
|
|
1040
|
+
<dd><p>Get the manifold for which this structure represents a flattening.</p>
|
|
1041
|
+
</dd></dl>
|
|
1042
|
+
|
|
1043
|
+
<dl class="py method">
|
|
1044
|
+
<dt class="sig sig-object py" id="snappy.ptolemy.coordinates.Flattenings.get_order">
|
|
1045
|
+
<span class="sig-name descname"><span class="pre">get_order</span></span><span class="sig-paren">(</span><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#snappy.ptolemy.coordinates.Flattenings.get_order" title="Link to this definition"></a></dt>
|
|
1046
|
+
<dd><p>Returns the number N. This flattening represents an element in the
|
|
1047
|
+
generalized Extended Bloch group for the Riemann surface given by
|
|
1048
|
+
u1 * e^w0 + u2 * e^w1 = 1 where u1^N = u2^N = 1.</p>
|
|
1049
|
+
</dd></dl>
|
|
1050
|
+
|
|
1051
|
+
<dl class="py method">
|
|
1052
|
+
<dt class="sig sig-object py" id="snappy.ptolemy.coordinates.Flattenings.get_zpq_triple">
|
|
1053
|
+
<span class="sig-name descname"><span class="pre">get_zpq_triple</span></span><span class="sig-paren">(</span><em class="sig-param"><span class="n"><span class="pre">key_z</span></span></em><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#snappy.ptolemy.coordinates.Flattenings.get_zpq_triple" title="Link to this definition"></a></dt>
|
|
1054
|
+
<dd><p>Gives a flattening as triple [z;p,q] representing an element
|
|
1055
|
+
in the generalized Extended Bloch group similar to the way the
|
|
1056
|
+
triple [z;p,q] is used in Lemma 3.2 in
|
|
1057
|
+
Walter D. Neumann, Extended Bloch group and the Cheeger-Chern-Simons class
|
|
1058
|
+
<a class="reference external" href="https://arxiv.org/abs/math.GT/0307092">https://arxiv.org/abs/math.GT/0307092</a></p>
|
|
1059
|
+
</dd></dl>
|
|
1060
|
+
|
|
1061
|
+
<dl class="py method">
|
|
1062
|
+
<dt class="sig sig-object py" id="snappy.ptolemy.coordinates.Flattenings.num_tetrahedra">
|
|
1063
|
+
<span class="sig-name descname"><span class="pre">num_tetrahedra</span></span><span class="sig-paren">(</span><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#snappy.ptolemy.coordinates.Flattenings.num_tetrahedra" title="Link to this definition"></a></dt>
|
|
1064
|
+
<dd><p>The number of tetrahedra for which we have cross ratios.</p>
|
|
1065
|
+
</dd></dl>
|
|
1066
|
+
|
|
1067
|
+
</dd></dl>
|
|
1068
|
+
|
|
1069
|
+
</section>
|
|
1070
|
+
<section id="nonzerodimensionalcomponent">
|
|
1071
|
+
<h2>NonZeroDimensionalComponent<a class="headerlink" href="#nonzerodimensionalcomponent" title="Link to this heading"></a></h2>
|
|
1072
|
+
<dl class="py class">
|
|
1073
|
+
<dt class="sig sig-object py" id="snappy.ptolemy.component.NonZeroDimensionalComponent">
|
|
1074
|
+
<em class="property"><span class="pre">class</span><span class="w"> </span></em><span class="sig-prename descclassname"><span class="pre">snappy.ptolemy.component.</span></span><span class="sig-name descname"><span class="pre">NonZeroDimensionalComponent</span></span><span class="sig-paren">(</span><em class="sig-param"><span class="n"><span class="pre">witnesses</span></span><span class="o"><span class="pre">=</span></span><span class="default_value"><span class="pre">[]</span></span></em>, <em class="sig-param"><span class="n"><span class="pre">dimension</span></span><span class="o"><span class="pre">=</span></span><span class="default_value"><span class="pre">'unknown'</span></span></em>, <em class="sig-param"><span class="n"><span class="pre">free_variables</span></span><span class="o"><span class="pre">=</span></span><span class="default_value"><span class="pre">None</span></span></em>, <em class="sig-param"><span class="n"><span class="pre">genus</span></span><span class="o"><span class="pre">=</span></span><span class="default_value"><span class="pre">None</span></span></em>, <em class="sig-param"><span class="n"><span class="pre">p</span></span><span class="o"><span class="pre">=</span></span><span class="default_value"><span class="pre">None</span></span></em><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#snappy.ptolemy.component.NonZeroDimensionalComponent" title="Link to this definition"></a></dt>
|
|
1075
|
+
<dd><p>Represents a non-zero dimensional component in the
|
|
1076
|
+
Ptolemy variety. It is a list that can hold points sampled from that
|
|
1077
|
+
component (witnesses).</p>
|
|
1078
|
+
</dd></dl>
|
|
1079
|
+
|
|
1080
|
+
</section>
|
|
1081
|
+
<section id="other-functions">
|
|
1082
|
+
<h2>Other functions<a class="headerlink" href="#other-functions" title="Link to this heading"></a></h2>
|
|
1083
|
+
<dl class="py function">
|
|
1084
|
+
<dt class="sig sig-object py" id="snappy.ptolemy.solutions_from_magma">
|
|
1085
|
+
<span class="sig-prename descclassname"><span class="pre">snappy.ptolemy.</span></span><span class="sig-name descname"><span class="pre">solutions_from_magma</span></span><span class="sig-paren">(</span><em class="sig-param"><span class="n"><span class="pre">output</span></span></em>, <em class="sig-param"><span class="n"><span class="pre">numerical</span></span><span class="o"><span class="pre">=</span></span><span class="default_value"><span class="pre">False</span></span></em><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#snappy.ptolemy.solutions_from_magma" title="Link to this definition"></a></dt>
|
|
1086
|
+
<dd><p>Obsolete, use processFileDispatch.parse_solutions instead.</p>
|
|
1087
|
+
<p>Assumes the given string is the output of a magma computation, parses
|
|
1088
|
+
it and returns a list of solutions.
|
|
1089
|
+
A non-zero dimensional component of the variety is reported as
|
|
1090
|
+
NonZeroDimensionalComponent.</p>
|
|
1091
|
+
</dd></dl>
|
|
1092
|
+
|
|
1093
|
+
<dl class="py function">
|
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1094
|
+
<dt class="sig sig-object py" id="snappy.ptolemy.solutions_from_magma_file">
|
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1095
|
+
<span class="sig-prename descclassname"><span class="pre">snappy.ptolemy.</span></span><span class="sig-name descname"><span class="pre">solutions_from_magma_file</span></span><span class="sig-paren">(</span><em class="sig-param"><span class="n"><span class="pre">filename</span></span></em>, <em class="sig-param"><span class="n"><span class="pre">numerical</span></span><span class="o"><span class="pre">=</span></span><span class="default_value"><span class="pre">False</span></span></em><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#snappy.ptolemy.solutions_from_magma_file" title="Link to this definition"></a></dt>
|
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1096
|
+
<dd><p>Obsolete, use processFileDispatch.parse_solutions_from_file instead.</p>
|
|
1097
|
+
<p>Reads the output from a magma computation from the file with the given
|
|
1098
|
+
filename and returns a list of solutions. Also see solutions_from_magma.
|
|
1099
|
+
A non-zero dimensional component of the variety is reported as
|
|
1100
|
+
NonZeroDimensionalComponent.</p>
|
|
1101
|
+
</dd></dl>
|
|
1102
|
+
|
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1103
|
+
<div role="list" class="citation-list">
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1104
|
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<div class="citation" id="fkr2013" role="doc-biblioentry">
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1105
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<span class="label"><span class="fn-bracket">[</span>FKR2013<span class="fn-bracket">]</span></span>
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1106
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+
<span class="backrefs">(<a role="doc-backlink" href="#id1">1</a>,<a role="doc-backlink" href="#id2">2</a>)</span>
|
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1107
|
+
<p>Falbel, Koseleff, Rouillier: Representations of Fundamental Groups of 3-Manifolds into PGL(3,C): Exact Computations in Low Complexity, <a class="reference external" href="http://arxiv.org/abs/1307.6697">http://arxiv.org/abs/1307.6697</a></p>
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1108
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</div>
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1109
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</div>
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1110
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</section>
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1111
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1112
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<footer><div class="rst-footer-buttons" role="navigation" aria-label="Footer">
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<div role="contentinfo">
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