snappy 3.2__cp311-cp311-macosx_10_12_x86_64.whl

snappy/drilling/__init__.py

@@ -0,0 +1,456 @@
+from . import exceptions
+from . import epsilons
+from . import debug
+from .tracing import trace_geodesic
+from .perturb import perturb_geodesics
+from .subdivide import traverse_geodesics_to_subdivide
+from .barycentric import mark_subtetrahedra_about_geodesic_pieces
+from .shorten import shorten_in_barycentric_subdivision
+from .crush import crush_geodesic_pieces
+from .cusps import (
+    CuspPostDrillInfo,
+    index_geodesics_and_add_post_drill_infos,
+    reorder_vertices_and_get_post_drill_infos,
+    refill_and_adjust_peripheral_curves)
+
+from .. import Manifold, ManifoldHP
+
+from ..geometric_structure.geodesic.geodesic_start_point_info import GeodesicStartPointInfo, compute_geodesic_start_point_info
+from ..geometric_structure import (add_r13_geometry,
+                                   add_filling_information)
+from ..geometric_structure.geodesic.add_core_curves import add_r13_core_curves
+from ..geometric_structure.geodesic.line import R13LineWithMatrix
+from ..snap.t3mlite import Mcomplex
+from ..exceptions import InsufficientPrecisionError
+
+from typing import Optional, Sequence
+
+def drill_word(manifold,
+               word : str,
+               verified : bool = False,
+               bits_prec : Optional[int] = None,
+               verbose : bool = False) -> Manifold:
+    """
+    Drills the geodesic corresponding to the given word in the unsimplified
+    fundamental group. Here is an example::
+
+        >>> M = Manifold("m004")
+        >>> M.length_spectrum_alt(max_len=1.2) # doctest: +NUMERIC9
+        [Length                                      Core curve  Word
+         1.08707014499574 + 1.72276844987009*I       -           bC,
+         1.08707014499574 - 1.72276844987009*I       -           a]
+        >>> N = M.drill_word('a')
+        >>> N.identify()
+        [m129(0,0)(0,0), 5^2_1(0,0)(0,0), L5a1(0,0)(0,0), ooct01_00001(0,0)(0,0)]
+
+    The last cusp of the resulting manifold corresponds to the drilled
+    geodesic. The longitude and meridian for that cusp are chosen such that
+    ``(1,0)``-filling the last cusp results in the given (undrilled) manifold::
+
+        >>> N.dehn_fill((1,0),-1)
+        >>> M.is_isometric_to(N)
+        True
+        >>> N.cusp_info(1)['core_length'] # doctest: +NUMERIC9
+        1.08707014499574 - 1.72276844987009*I
+    
+    The orientation of the new longitude is chosen so that it is parallel to
+    the closed geodesic. That is, the new longitude is homotopic to the closed
+    geodesic when embedding the drilled manifold into the given manifold.
+
+    If the given geodesic coincides with a core curve of a filled cusp, the
+    cusp is unfilled instead::
+
+        >>> M = Manifold("m004(2,3)")
+        >>> M.volume() # doctest: +NUMERIC9
+        1.73712388065
+        >>> M.cusp_info(0)['core_length'] # doctest: +NUMERIC9
+        0.178792491242577 - 2.11983007979743*I
+        >>> M.fundamental_group(simplify_presentation = False).complex_length('aBAbbABab') # doctest: +NUMERIC9
+        0.178792491242577 - 2.11983007979743*I
+        >>> N = M.drill_word('aBAbbABab')
+        >>> N
+        m004_drilled(0,0)
+        >>> N.num_cusps()
+        1
+    
+    In this case, the peripheral information is also
+    updated such that the above remark about ``(1,0)``-filling applies again::
+
+        >>> N.dehn_fill((1,0), -1)
+        >>> N.volume() # doctest: +NUMERIC9
+        1.73712388065
+
+    That is, the longitude and meridian of the unfilled cusps are reinstalled
+    and the cusps reindexed so that the unfilled cusp becomes the last cusp.
+
+    Here is another example where we drill the core geodesic::
+
+        >>> M = Manifold("v2986(3,4)")
+        >>> N = M.drill_word('EdFgabcGEdFgaDcc')
+        >>> N.is_isometric_to(Manifold("v2986"), return_isometries = True) # doctest: +NORMALIZE_WHITESPACE
+        [0 -> 0
+         [3 -1]
+         [4 -1]
+         Does not extend to link]
+
+    While the result of drilling a geodesic is a triangulation and thus
+    combinatorial in nature, some intermediate computations (for example,
+    to compute the intersections of the geodesic with the faces of the
+    tetrahedra) are numerical. Sometimes, it is necessary to increase the
+    precision with :attr:`bits_prec` to make the method succeed and produce
+    the correct result.
+    
+    **Verified computation**
+
+    If :attr:`verified = False`, floating-point issues can arise resulting
+    in drilling the wrong loop. The method can be made
+    :ref:`verified <verify-primer>` by passing :attr:`verified = True`::
+
+        sage: M = Manifold("m004(2,3)")
+        sage: M.drill_word('caa', verified = True, bits_prec = 100)
+        m004_drilled(2,3)(0,0)
+
+    That is, if the precision is insufficient to prove the result is correct,
+    the algorithm fails with an exception (most likely
+    ``InsufficientPrecisionError``).
+
+    :param word:
+             The word in the unsimplified fundamental group specifying the
+             geodesic to be drilled.
+    :param bits_prec:
+             The precision used in the intermediate computation. Increase
+             if the computation failed.
+    :param verified:
+             Use :ref:`verified computation <verify-primer>`.
+    :param verbose:
+             Print intermediate results and statistics.
+
+    :return:
+            Manifold obtained by drilling geodesic. ``(1,0)``-filling the
+            last cusp gives the given (undrilled) manifold.
+    """
+
+    return drill_words(manifold,
+                       [word],
+                       verified=verified,
+                       bits_prec=bits_prec,
+                       verbose=verbose)
+
+
+def drill_words(manifold,
+                words : Sequence[str],
+                verified : bool = False,
+                bits_prec : Optional[int] = None,
+                verbose : bool = False) -> Manifold:
+    """
+    A generalization of :meth:`drill_word <Manifold.drill_word>` to drill
+    several geodesics simultaneously. It takes a list of words in the
+    unsimplified fundamental group.
+
+    Here is an example where we drill two geodesics. One of the geodesics is
+    the core curve corresponding to the third cusp. The other geodesic is not
+    a core curve::
+
+        >>> M=Manifold("t12047(0,0)(1,3)(1,4)(1,5)")
+        >>> [ info.get('core_length') for info in M.cusp_info() ] # doctest: +NUMERIC9
+        [None,
+         0.510804267610103 + 1.92397456664239*I,
+         0.317363079597924 + 1.48157893409218*I,
+         0.223574975263386 + 1.26933288854145*I]
+        >>> G = M.fundamental_group(simplify_presentation = False)
+        >>> G.complex_length('c') # doctest: +NUMERIC9
+        0.317363079597924 + 1.48157893409218*I
+        >>> G.complex_length('fA') # doctest: +NUMERIC9
+        1.43914411734250 + 2.66246879992795*I
+        >>> N = M.drill_words(['c','fA'])
+        >>> N
+        t12047_drilled(0,0)(1,3)(1,5)(0,0)(0,0)
+
+    Let n be the number of geodesics that were drilled. Then the last n
+    cusps correspond to the drilled geodesics and appear in the same order than
+    the geodesics were given as words. Note that in the above example, we expect
+    six cusps since we started with four cusps and drilled two geodesics. However,
+    we only obtain five cusps because one geodesic was a core curve. The
+    corresponding cusp was unfilled (from ``(1,4)``) and grouped with the other
+    cusps coming from drilling.
+
+    We obtain the given (undrilled) manifold by ``(1,0)``-filling the last n
+    cusps.
+
+        >>> N.dehn_fill((1,0), -2)
+        >>> N.dehn_fill((1,0), -1)
+        >>> M.is_isometric_to(N)
+        True
+        >>> [ info.get('core_length') for info in N.cusp_info() ] # doctest: +NUMERIC9
+        [None,
+         0.510804267610103 + 1.92397456664239*I,
+         0.223574975263386 + 1.26933288854145*I,
+         0.317363079597924 + 1.48157893409218*I,
+         1.43914411734251 + 2.66246879992796*I]
+
+    :param word:
+             The words in the unsimplified fundamental group specifying the
+             geodesics to be drilled.
+    :param bits_prec:
+             The precision used in the intermediate computation. Increase
+             if the computation failed.
+    :param verified:
+             Use :ref:`verified computation <verify-primer>`.
+    :param verbose:
+             Print intermediate results and statistics.
+
+    :return:
+            Manifold obtained by drilling geodesics. ``(1,0)``-filling the
+            last n cusps gives the given (undrilled) manifold where n is the
+            number of given words.
+    """
+
+    if isinstance(words, str):
+        raise ValueError("words has to be a list of strings, not a single string.")
+
+    if len(words) == 0:
+        # Just return copy of manifold if nothing is drilled.
+        return manifold.copy()
+
+    if not manifold.is_orientable():
+        raise ValueError("Drilling only supported for orientable manifolds.")
+
+    try:
+        # First try to drill the geodesics without perturbing them.
+        return drill_words_implementation(
+            manifold,
+            words=words,
+            verified=verified,
+            bits_prec=bits_prec,
+            verbose=verbose)
+    except exceptions.GeodesicHittingOneSkeletonError:
+        # Exceptions raised when geodesic is intersecting the 1-skeleton
+        # (including that a positive length piece of the geodesic lying
+        # in a face).
+        # An interesting example is the shortest geodesic ("a" in
+        # unsimplified fundamental group) of m125: the entire geodesic
+        # lies in the faces of the triangulation.
+        pass
+
+    # If geodesic is intersecting 1-skeleton, try again, this time
+    # perturbing the geodesic before drilling it.
+    try:
+        return drill_words_implementation(
+            manifold,
+            words=words,
+            verified=verified,
+            bits_prec=bits_prec,
+            perturb=True,
+            verbose=verbose)
+    except exceptions.RayHittingOneSkeletonError as e:
+        # Sometimes, the code runs into numerical issues and cannot
+        # determine whether the perturbed geodesic is passing an edge
+        # on one side or the other. This can usually be fixed by
+        # increasing precision - change the exception type to tell the
+        # user.
+        raise InsufficientPrecisionError(
+            "The geodesic is so closer to an edge of the "
+            "triangulation that it cannot be unambiguously traced "
+            "with the current precision. "
+            "Increasing the precision should solve this problem.") from e
+
+
+def drill_words_implementation(
+        manifold,
+        words,
+        verified,
+        bits_prec,
+        perturb=False,
+        verbose : bool = False):
+
+    # Convert SnapPea kernel triangulation to python triangulation
+    # snappy.snap.t3mlite.Mcomplex
+    mcomplex = Mcomplex(manifold)
+
+    # Add vertices in hyperboloid model and other geometric information
+    add_r13_geometry(mcomplex,
+                     manifold,
+                     verified=verified, bits_prec=bits_prec)
+    add_filling_information(mcomplex, manifold)
+    add_r13_core_curves(mcomplex, manifold)
+
+    # For the words compute basic information such as the corresponding
+    # matrix and the end points and a sample point on the fixed line.
+    # Try to conjugate/translate matrix and end points such that the
+    # line intersects the fundamental domain.
+    geodesics : Sequence[GeodesicStartPointInfo] = [
+        compute_geodesic_start_point_info(mcomplex, word)
+        for word in words ]
+
+    # Record information in the geodesics and triangulation needed
+    # to index the cusps after drilling and transform the peripheral
+    # curves and unfill the cusps if drilling a core curve.
+    index_geodesics_and_add_post_drill_infos(geodesics, mcomplex)
+
+    # Only drill the geodesics that are not core curves of filled
+    # cusps. For the other geodesics, we simply unfill the cusp instead.
+    geodesics_to_drill = [ g for g in geodesics
+                           if not g.core_curve_cusp ]
+
+    if verbose:
+        for g in geodesics:
+            if g.core_curve_cusp:
+                print("%s is core curve" % g.word)
+
+    if perturb:
+        # Move the sample point for each geodesic a bit and use it
+        # as start point. Much of perturb_geodesics is about computing
+        # the maximal amount we can move all the start points without
+        # changing the isotopy class of the system of resulting closed
+        # curves.
+        perturb_geodesics(mcomplex,
+                          geodesics_to_drill,
+                          verbose=verbose)
+
+    # At this point, the information in each entry of geodesics_to_drill
+    # "should" (*) contain a start point in the interior of a tetrahedron
+    # of the fundamental domain and an end point that is the image under
+    # the stored matrix corresponding to the geodesic.
+    # Depending on perturb, the start point is either on or close
+    # the line fixed by the matrix.
+    # The image of the line segment from start point to end point
+    # in the manifold is a closed curve that is equal or isotopic to the
+    # geodesic. If multiple words are given, the system of closed curve
+    # is isotopic to the system of geodesics.
+
+    # (*) This is not true if perturb is false and the geodesic intersects
+    # the 1-skeleton. In this case, drill_geodesics raises a
+    # GeodesicHittingOneSkeletonError which is caught by the callee so that
+    # the callee can call this function again with perturb = True.
+
+    # For each geodesic to drill, trace the line segment from start to end
+    # point through the triangulation, and then drill the closed curve.
+    drilled_mcomplex : Mcomplex = drill_geodesics(mcomplex,
+                                                  geodesics_to_drill,
+                                                  verbose=verbose)
+
+    # Index the cusps of the new triangulation and extract information
+    # needed later
+    post_drill_infos : Sequence[CuspPostDrillInfo] = (
+        reorder_vertices_and_get_post_drill_infos(drilled_mcomplex))
+
+    # Convert python triangulation to SnapPea kernel triangulation.
+    # Note that this will remove the finite vertices created by
+    # drill_geodesics.
+    drilled_manifold = drilled_mcomplex.snappy_manifold()
+
+    # If there was a filled cusp whose core curve was not drilled, we need
+    # to refill it. If there was a filled cusp whose core curve was drilled,
+    # we need to change the peripheral curves such that the longitude
+    # corresponds to the core curve so that (1,0)-filling results in the
+    # original manifold.
+    refill_and_adjust_peripheral_curves(drilled_manifold, post_drill_infos)
+
+    # Set name
+    drilled_manifold.set_name(manifold.name() + "_drilled")
+
+    return drilled_manifold
+
+def drill_geodesics(mcomplex : Mcomplex,
+                    geodesics : Sequence[GeodesicStartPointInfo],
+                    verbose : bool = False) -> Mcomplex:
+    """
+    Given a triangulation with geometric structure attached with
+    add_r13_geometry and basic information about geodesics, computes
+    the triangulation (with finite vertices) obtained by drilling
+    the geodesics.
+
+    Each provided GeodesicStartPointInfo is supposed to have a start point and
+    a tetrahedron in the fundamental domain that contains the start point
+    in its interior and an end point such that the line segment from the
+    start to the endpoint forms a closed curve in the manifold.
+    """
+
+    if len(geodesics) == 0:
+        # Nothing to do if there is nothing to drill
+        return mcomplex
+
+    for g in geodesics:
+        # We need a tetrahedron guaranteed to contain the start point
+        # to start tracing.
+        if not g.tet:
+            raise exceptions.GeodesicStartPointOnTwoSkeletonError()
+
+    # For each line segment described above, trace it through the
+    # triangulation.
+    all_pieces : Sequence[Sequence[GeodesicPiece]] = [
+        trace_geodesic(g, verified=mcomplex.verified)
+        for g in geodesics ]
+
+    if verbose:
+        print("Number of geodesic pieces:",
+              [len(pieces) for pieces in all_pieces])
+
+    # Perform 1-4 and 2-3 moves such that the closed curves embed
+    # into the 1-skeleton of the resulting triangulation.
+    #
+    # Rather than creating a triangulation object (and thus
+    # computing the Vertex, Edge, ... objects), we just compute
+    # the tetrahedra forming the triangulation.
+    tetrahedra : Sequence[Tetrahedron] = traverse_geodesics_to_subdivide(
+        mcomplex, all_pieces)
+
+    if verbose:
+        print("Number of tets after subdividing: %d" % (
+            len(tetrahedra)))
+
+    # Mark which subtetrahedra in the barycentric subdivision
+    # are adjacent to the closed curve we traced.
+    mark_subtetrahedra_about_geodesic_pieces(tetrahedra)
+
+    # If the simple closed curve is having two consecutive pieces
+    # adjacent to the same face, making it shorter by replacing
+    # the two pieces by just one corresponding to the third edge
+    # of the triangle.
+    shorten_in_barycentric_subdivision(tetrahedra, verbose)
+
+    # Perform a barycentric subdivision. Then crush all tetrahedra
+    # touching the closed curve we traced. Note that
+    # crush_geodesic_pieces is actually doing the subdivision and
+    # crushing of the subsimplices marked above in just one step.
+    result : Mcomplex = crush_geodesic_pieces(tetrahedra)
+
+    # Sanity checks while we are still testing the new features.
+    debug.check_vertex_indices(result.Tetrahedra)
+    debug.check_peripheral_curves(result.Tetrahedra)
+
+    return result
+
+def drill_word_hp(manifold,
+                  word : str,
+                  verified : bool = False,
+                  bits_prec : Optional[int] = None,
+                  verbose : bool = False) -> ManifoldHP:
+    return drill_word(
+        manifold,
+        word = word,
+        verified = verified,
+        bits_prec = bits_prec,
+        verbose = verbose).high_precision()
+drill_word_hp.__doc__ = drill_word.__doc__
+
+def drill_words_hp(manifold,
+                   words : Sequence[str],
+                   verified : bool = False,
+                   bits_prec : Optional[int] = None,
+                   verbose : bool = False) -> ManifoldHP:
+    return drill_words(
+        manifold,
+        words = words,
+        verified = verified,
+        bits_prec = bits_prec,
+        verbose = verbose).high_precision()
+drill_words_hp.__doc__ = drill_words.__doc__
+
+def _add_methods(mfld_class, high_precision=False):
+    if high_precision:
+        mfld_class.drill_word = drill_word_hp
+        mfld_class.drill_words = drill_words_hp
+    else:
+        mfld_class.drill_word = drill_word
+        mfld_class.drill_words = drill_words

snappy/drilling/barycentric.py

@@ -0,0 +1,103 @@
+from .tracing import GeodesicPiece
+
+from ..snap.t3mlite import Tetrahedron, Perm4, simplex
+
+from typing import Dict, List, Sequence, Tuple
+
+def mark_subtetrahedra_about_geodesic_pieces(
+        tetrahedra : Sequence[Tetrahedron]) -> None:
+    """
+    Record which subtetrahedra of the barycentric subdivision
+    are adjacent to a piece of the geodesic.
+
+    This is recorded in the array Tetrahedron.marked_subtetrahedra.
+
+    Recall that the subtetrahedra of the barycentric subdivision
+    are indexed by S4 permutations. The index within
+    Tetrahedron.marked_subtetrahedra is given by perm_to_index(p).
+
+    The value of Tetrahedron.marked_subtetrahedra[j] is 0 if
+    the subtetrahedron is not adjacent to any piece of the geodesic.
+    Otherwise, it is +/-1 depending on whether the 0-1 edge
+    of the subtetrahedron is parallel or anti-parallel to the
+    geodesic piece. This is recorded to orient the meridian
+    and longitude.
+    """
+
+    for tet in tetrahedra:
+        tet.marked_subtetrahedra = 24 * [ 0 ]
+
+    for tet in tetrahedra:
+        for piece in tet.geodesic_pieces:
+            mark_subtetrahedra_about_edge(tet, _perm_for_piece(piece))
+
+transpositions : List[Perm4] = [ Perm4((1,0,2,3)),
+                                 Perm4((0,2,1,3)),
+                                 Perm4((0,1,3,2)) ]
+
+def perm_to_index(perm : Perm4) -> int:
+    """
+    list(Perm4.S4())[perm_to_index(p)] returns the same Perm4 p.
+    """
+    return _perm_tuple_to_index[perm.tuple()]
+
+_perm_tuple_to_index : Dict[Tuple[int, int, int, int], int] = {
+    perm.tuple() : i for i, perm in enumerate(Perm4.S4()) }
+
+def _perm_for_piece(piece : GeodesicPiece):
+    """
+    Given a GeodesicPiece with endpoints being on the vertices
+    of the tetrahedron and spanning an oriented edge of the tetrahedron,
+    find an "edge embedding permutation" (similar to regina's
+    edge embedding) that maps the 0-1 edge to the given edge.
+
+    The subtetrahedron corresponding to this permutation is
+    adjacent to half of this edge.
+    """
+
+    s0 = piece.endpoints[0].subsimplex
+    s1 = piece.endpoints[1].subsimplex
+
+    # Important to consistently always pick a permutation of the
+    # same parity and respect the ordering of the vertices V0 and V1
+    # since this affects which subtetrahedron will be chosen as peripheral
+    # base subtetrahedron - and thus ultimately affects the orientation
+    # of the meridian and longitude computed by install_peripheral_curves.
+    for perm in Perm4.A4():
+        if perm.image(simplex.V0) == s0 and perm.image(simplex.V1) == s1:
+            return perm
+
+def mark_subtetrahedra_about_edge(tet0 : Tetrahedron, perm0 : Perm4, orientation : int = 1):
+    """
+    Given a subtetrahedron in the barycentric subdivision parametrized
+    by a tetrahedron and permutation, find all subtetrahedra adjacent to the
+    same edge in the original triangulation and mark them in
+    Tetrahedron.marked_subtetrahedra.
+
+    By default (orientation = 1), the subtetrahedra are marked by +/-1 according
+    to whether each is parallel or anti-parallel to the given edge.
+    Subtetrahedra can be unmarked by forcing orientation = 0.
+    """
+
+    tet = tet0
+    perm = perm0
+
+    while True:
+        # All subtetrahedra touching the same edge in the current
+        # tetrahedron.
+        for edge_perm in [ perm,
+                           perm * transpositions[2] ]:
+            for marked_subtet, subtet_perm in [
+                    (+orientation, edge_perm),
+                    (-orientation, edge_perm * transpositions[0]) ]:
+                j = perm_to_index(subtet_perm)
+                tet.marked_subtetrahedra[j] = marked_subtet
+
+        # Find the next "edge embedding"
+        face = perm.image(simplex.F3)
+        tet, perm = (
+            tet.Neighbor[face],
+            tet.Gluing[face] * perm * transpositions[2])
+        # Stop if back at the first "edge embedding"
+        if tet is tet0 and perm.tuple() == perm0.tuple():
+            return

snappy/drilling/constants.py

@@ -0,0 +1,5 @@
+trace_max_steps = 300
+
+piece_midpoint_bias = 1.818449629072142
+
+point_perturbation_direction = [0.8466, 0.3176, 0.4268]