snappy 3.2__cp310-cp310-macosx_10_12_x86_64.whl

snappy/snap/peripheral/surface.py

@@ -0,0 +1,522 @@
+from collections import OrderedDict
+from ... import sage_helper
+
+if sage_helper._within_sage:
+    from ...sage_helper import ZZ, matrix, vector, cached_method, ChainComplex
+    from sage.plot.all import line, arrow, text
+else:
+    def cached_method(func):
+        return func
+
+
+class Triangle():
+    """
+    The vertices are numbered 0, 1, 2 in an anti-clockwise
+    orientation.
+
+    Edges of the triangle are specified by the vertex that they
+    *don't* contain.
+    """
+    def __init__(self, edges=None, vertices=None):
+        self.edges = edges if edges else EdgeList([None, None, None])
+        self.vertices = vertices if vertices else [None, None, None]
+        self.index = None
+
+    def __repr__(self):
+        return "<Tri: %s>" % self.index
+
+    def oriented_sides(self):
+        return [Side(self, e) for e in oriented_edges_of_triangle]
+
+
+def opposite_vertex_from_edge_function( vertices ):
+    other = [v for v in range(3) if v not in vertices]
+    assert len(vertices) == 2 and len(other) == 1
+    return other[0]
+
+
+opposite_vertex_from_edge_dict = {(i,j):opposite_vertex_from_edge_function((i,j))
+                                  for i in range(3) for j in range(3) if i != j}
+
+oriented_edges_of_triangle = [ (1,2), (2,0), (0, 1)]
+
+
+class Edge():
+    """
+    An oriented edge 0 -> 1.
+    """
+    def __init__(self, sides=None, vertices=None):
+        self.sides, self.vertices = sides, vertices
+        self.index = None
+
+    def glued_to(self, side):
+        for sides in ( list(self.sides), [-S for S in self.sides] ):
+            if side in sides:
+                sides.remove(side)
+                return sides[0]
+
+        raise IndexError("Given side does not appear in this edge")
+
+    def orientation_with_respect_to(self, side):
+        """
+        Returns +1 if the orientation of the given side matches the
+        edges, -1 otherwise.
+        """
+        if side in self.sides:
+            return 1
+        elif -side in self.sides:
+            return -1
+        raise IndexError("Given side does not appear in this edge")
+
+    def __repr__(self):
+        return "<Edge %s: %s : %s>" % (self.index, [v.index for v in self.vertices], self.sides)
+
+    def reverse(self):
+        self.vertices = (self.vertices[1], self.vertices[0])
+        self.sides = tuple( [-s for s in self.sides] )
+
+
+class EdgeList():
+    """
+    A list with one item for each edge in a Triangle.  The contents
+    can be accessed either by a pair of vertices or by the opposite
+    vertex.
+    """
+    def __init__(self, items):
+        self.data = {}
+        for i, x in enumerate(items):
+            self[i] = x
+
+    def __getitem__(self, index):
+        return self.data[index]
+
+    def __setitem__(self, index, value):
+        if not hasattr(index, "__iter__"):
+            index = oriented_edges_of_triangle[index]
+        self.data[index] = value
+        self.data[(index[1], index[0])] = value
+        self.data[opposite_vertex_from_edge_dict[index]] = value
+
+    def __repr__(self):
+        return '[%s, %s, %s]' % (self.data[0], self.data[1], self.data[2])
+
+
+class Vertex():
+    def __init__(self, corners=None):
+        self.corners = corners
+        self.index = None
+        self.incoming, self.outgoing = [], []
+
+    def __repr__(self):
+        return "<Vertex %s: %s %s : %s>" % (self.index, [e.index for e in self.incoming], [e.index for e in self.outgoing], self.corners)
+
+
+class Side():
+    """
+    A neighborhood of an oriented edge in a triangle
+    """
+    def __init__(self, triangle=None, vertices=None):
+        self.triangle, self.vertices = triangle, vertices
+        self.index = None
+
+    def __neg__(self):
+        v, w = self.vertices
+        S = Side(self.triangle, (w, v) )
+        return S
+
+    def __repr__(self):
+        v, w = self.vertices
+        return "<Side %s : %d -> %d>" % (self.triangle.index, v, w)
+
+    def __eq__(self, other):
+        if isinstance(other, Side):
+            t, T = self.triangle, other.triangle
+            v, w = self.vertices
+            V, W = other.vertices
+            return t == T and v == V and w == W
+
+    def __ne__(self, other):
+        return not self.__eq__(other)
+
+    def corners(self):
+        v, w = self.vertices
+        T = self.triangle
+        return Corner(T, v), Corner(T, w)
+
+    def edge(self):
+        return self.triangle.edges[ self.vertices ]
+
+    def opposite_vertex(self):
+        return opposite_vertex_from_edge_dict[self.vertices]
+
+
+class Corner():
+    """
+    A neighborhood of a vertex V in a triangle T.
+    """
+    def __init__(self, triangle=None, vertex=None):
+        self.triangle, self.vertex = triangle, vertex
+
+    def next_corner(self):
+        v = self.vertex
+        w = [2, 0, 1][v]
+        E = self.triangle.edges[ (v, w) ]
+        S = Side( self.triangle, (v, w) )
+        OS = E.glued_to(S)
+        return Corner(OS.triangle, OS.vertices[0])
+
+    def edge_with_orientation(self):
+        v = self.vertex
+        w = [2, 0, 1][v]
+        E = self.triangle.edges[ (v, w) ]
+        S = Side(self.triangle, (v,w) )
+        return E, E.orientation_with_respect_to(S)
+
+    def __repr__(self):
+        return "<Corner %s %d>" % (self.triangle.index, self.vertex)
+
+    def __eq__(self, other):
+        if isinstance(other, Corner):
+            return (self.triangle == other.triangle) and (self.vertex == other.vertex)
+
+    def __ne__(self, other):
+        return not self.__eq__(other)
+
+
+class Surface():
+    """
+    An oriented surface.
+    """
+    def __init__(self, triangles=None):
+        self.triangles, self.edges, self.vertices = triangles, [], []
+
+    def glue_triangles(self, T0, e0, T1, e1):
+        """
+        T0, T1 are triangles, and e0, e1 specify a gluing in one of two
+        ways: as a list of vertices of the triangle, or as the vertex
+        opposite the edge being glued.  In the latter case, the assumption
+        is that the gluing preserves orientation.
+
+        Returns the newly created edge.
+        """
+
+        if not hasattr(e0, "__iter__"):
+            e0 = oriented_edges_of_triangle[e0]
+            a,b = oriented_edges_of_triangle[e1]
+            e1 = (b, a)
+
+            S0, S1 = Side(T0, e0), Side(T1, e1)
+            E = Edge( sides=(S0,S1) )
+
+            T0.edges[opposite_vertex_from_edge_dict[e0]] = E
+            T1.edges[opposite_vertex_from_edge_dict[e1]] = E
+
+            self.edges.append(E)
+            return E
+
+    def build_vertices(self):
+        """
+        Build the 0 skeleton.
+        """
+        vertices = []
+        corners = OrderedDict(
+            [ [(T, v), Corner(T, v)] for T in self.triangles for v in range(3) ] )
+        while corners:
+            C0 = next(iter(corners.values()))
+            vertex = [C0]
+            C = C0.next_corner()
+            while C != C0:
+                vertex.append(C)
+                C = C.next_corner()
+
+            V = Vertex(vertex)
+            for C in vertex:
+                corners.pop( (C.triangle, C.vertex) )
+                C.triangle.vertices[C.vertex] = V
+
+            vertices.append(V)
+
+        self.vertices = vertices
+        self._vertex_containing_corner = {(C.triangle, C.vertex): V for V in vertices for C in V.corners}
+
+    def build(self):
+        """
+        Build the overall cell structure and label all the cells
+        """
+        self.build_vertices()
+
+        for E in self.edges:
+            S = E.sides[0]
+            C0, C1 = S.corners()
+            V0, V1 = self.vertex_containing_corner(C0), self.vertex_containing_corner(C1)
+            E.vertices = (V0, V1)
+            V0.outgoing.append(E), V1.incoming.append(E)
+
+        self.index()
+
+    def vertex_containing_corner(self, corner):
+        return self._vertex_containing_corner[ (corner.triangle, corner.vertex) ]
+
+    def index(self):
+        for objects in [self.triangles, self.edges, self.vertices]:
+            for i, x in enumerate(objects):
+                x.index = i
+
+    @cached_method
+    def B1(self):
+        """
+        The matrix describing the boundary map C_1 -> C_0
+        """
+        V, E = len(self.vertices), len(self.edges)
+        vert_indices = sorted((v.index, v) for v in self.vertices)
+        vertex_to_row = {v:i for i, (j, v) in enumerate(vert_indices)}
+        assert list(range(V)) == sorted(vertex_to_row.values())
+        assert list(range(E)) == sorted(e.index for e in self.edges)
+
+        D = matrix(ZZ, V, E, sparse=True)
+        for e in self.edges:
+            v_init = vertex_to_row[e.vertices[0]]
+            v_term = vertex_to_row[e.vertices[1]]
+            D[v_term, e.index] += 1
+            D[v_init, e.index] += -1
+
+        return D
+
+    @cached_method
+    def B2(self):
+        """
+        The matrix describing the boundary map C_2 -> C_1
+        """
+
+        E, F = len(self.edges), len(self.triangles)
+        assert list(range(E)) == sorted(e.index for e in self.edges)
+        assert list(range(F)) == sorted(v.index for v in self.triangles)
+        D = matrix(ZZ, E, F, sparse=True)
+        for T in self.triangles:
+            for S in T.oriented_sides():
+                E = S.edge()
+                D[E.index, T.index] += E.orientation_with_respect_to(S)
+
+        return D
+
+    @cached_method
+    def d0(self):
+        """
+        The matrix describing the coboundary map C^0 -> C^1.
+        """
+        return self.B1().transpose()
+
+    @cached_method
+    def d1(self):
+        """
+        The matrix describing the coboundary map C^1 -> C^2.
+        """
+        return self.B2().transpose()
+
+    def euler(self):
+        return len(self.vertices) - len(self.edges) + len(self.triangles)
+
+    def homology_test(self):
+        B1, B2 = self.B1(), self.B2()
+        assert B1 * B2 == 0
+        b0 = len(self.vertices) - B1.rank()
+        b1 = B1.right_kernel().dimension() - B2.rank()
+        b2 = B2.right_kernel().dimension()
+        assert b0 - b1 + b2 == self.euler()
+
+    @cached_method
+    def chain_complex(self):
+        return ChainComplex({1: self.B1(), 2: self.B2()}, degree=-1)
+
+    @cached_method
+    def cochain_complex(self):
+        return self.chain_complex().dual()
+
+    @cached_method
+    def betti(self, dimension=1):
+        C = self.chain_complex()
+        return C.betti(dimension)
+
+    @cached_method
+    def integral_cohomology_basis(self, dimension=1):
+        # Removed use of Chomp per https://trac.sagemath.org/ticket/33777
+        C = self.cochain_complex()
+        homology = C.homology(generators=True)[dimension]
+        ans = [factor[1].vector(dimension) for factor in homology]
+
+        if dimension == 1:
+            assert len(ans) == 2 - self.euler()
+            ans = [OneCocycle(self, a) for a in ans]
+        return ans
+
+    @cached_method
+    def integral_homology_basis(self, dimension=1):
+        # Removed use of Chomp per https://trac.sagemath.org/ticket/33777
+        C = self.chain_complex()
+        homology = C.homology(generators=True)[dimension]
+        ans = [factor[1].vector(dimension) for factor in homology]
+
+        if dimension == 1:
+            assert len(ans) == 2 - self.euler()
+            ans = [OneCycle(self, a) for a in ans]
+        return ans
+
+
+def first_pair_differing_in_first_component(L):
+    for i in range(len(L)):
+        a, b = L[i : i + 2]
+        if a[0] != b[0]:
+            return a, b
+
+
+def segments_into_components(L):
+    components = []
+    while L:
+        s0 = L[0]
+        component = [s0]
+        s = s0.next
+        L.remove(s0)
+        while s != s0:
+            component.append(s)
+            L.remove(s)
+            s = s.next
+
+        components.append(component)
+
+    return components
+
+
+def component_to_cycle(surface, component):
+    w = len(surface.edges)*[0,]
+    for s in component:
+        w[s.edge.index] += s.orientation_agrees
+    return OneCycle(surface, w)
+
+
+class OneCycleSegment:
+    def __init__(self, edge, orientation_agrees, family_index, next=None, previous=None):
+        self.edge, self.orientation_agrees = edge, orientation_agrees
+        self.next, self.previous = next, previous
+        self.family_index = family_index
+
+    def __repr__(self):
+        return "<OCSeg: %d %d>" % (self.edge.index, self.family_index)
+
+
+class Cycle:
+    """
+    Base class of OneCycle and OneCocycle.  The get/setitem allows one to
+    access the weights both by edge index and also via a Side.  The
+    latter incorporates the orientations in the way you would expect.
+
+    Please note that the weights are just a list, not a vector.
+    """
+    def __init__(self, surface, weights=None, check=True):
+        self.surface, self.weights = surface, weights
+        if weights is None:
+            self.weights = len(surface.edges) * [None]
+        else:
+            if check:
+                self.check()
+
+    def check(self):
+        if len(self.weights) != len(self.surface.edges):
+            raise ValueError('Weights do not match the number of edges')
+
+    def __getitem__(self, edge):
+        if isinstance(edge, Side):
+            side = edge
+            E = side.edge()
+            weight = self.weights[E.index]
+            orient = E.orientation_with_respect_to(side)
+            return orient*weight
+        else:
+            return self.weights[edge]
+
+    def __setitem__(self, edge, weight):
+        if isinstance(edge, Side):
+            side = edge
+            E = side.edge()
+            edge = E.index
+            orient = E.orientation_with_respect_to(side)
+            weight = orient*weight
+        if self.weights[edge] is None:
+            self.weights[edge] = weight
+        else:
+            assert self.weights[edge] == weight
+
+    def __add__(self, other):
+        if isinstance(other, type(self)):
+            return self.__class__(self.surface, [s + o for s, o in zip(self.weights, other.weights)],
+                                  check=False)
+
+
+class OneCycle(Cycle):
+    def check(self):
+        w = vector(self.weights)
+        B1 = self.surface.B1()
+        if B1*w != 0:
+            raise ValueError('OneCycle not in kernel of boundary map')
+
+    def is_zero_in_homology(self):
+        B2 = self.surface.B2().transpose()
+        r1 = B2.rank()
+        r2 = matrix(list(B2) + [self.weights]).rank()
+        return r1 == r2
+
+    def components(self):
+        """
+        Returns a list of the connected components of the multicurve
+        corresponding to the 1-cycle, each given as a OneCycle.
+        """
+        S, W = self.surface, self.weights
+        support = [i for i, w in enumerate(W) if w != 0]
+        segments = {}
+        for i in support:
+            E = S.edges[i]
+            w = self.weights[i]
+            o = 1 if w > 0 else -1
+            segments[i] = [OneCycleSegment(E, o, a) for a in range(abs(w))]
+
+        for V in S.vertices:
+            segs_at_vertex = []   # a cyclically ordered list of arcs of the multicurve
+            for C in V.corners:
+                E, o_edge = C.edge_with_orientation()   # o_edge = +1 means *outgoing*.
+                i = E.index
+                if i in support:
+                    segs = segments[E.index]
+                    o_strands = o_edge * segs[0].orientation_agrees
+                    if o_strands > 0:
+                        segs_at_vertex += [ (o_strands, s) for s in segs]
+                    else:
+                        segs_at_vertex += [ (o_strands, s) for s in reversed(segs)]
+
+            assert sum([s[0] for s in segs_at_vertex]) == 0
+
+            while segs_at_vertex:
+                s0, s1 = first_pair_differing_in_first_component( segs_at_vertex )
+                # want s0 to be incoming, s1 outgoing.
+                if s0[0] > 0:
+                    s0, s1 = s1, s0
+                s0[1].next, s1[1].prev = s1[1], s0[1]
+                segs_at_vertex.remove(s0), segs_at_vertex.remove(s1)
+
+        components = segments_into_components(  sum( segments.values(), [] ) )
+        return [component_to_cycle(S, c) for c in components]
+
+    def __repr__(self):
+        return '<Cycle: %s>' % self.weights
+
+
+class OneCocycle(Cycle):
+    def check(self):
+        if self.surface.d1() * vector(self.weights) != 0:
+            raise ValueError('Not in the kernel of d1')
+
+    def __repr__(self):
+        return '<Cocycle: %s>' % self.weights
+
+    def __call__(self, cycle):
+        if isinstance(cycle, OneCycle):
+            cycle = cycle.weights
+        return sum(c*z for c, z in zip(self.weights, cycle))

snappy/snap/peripheral/test.py

@@ -0,0 +1,35 @@
+import sys
+import getopt
+import doctest
+
+from . import dual_cellulation, link, peripheral, surface
+modules = [dual_cellulation, link, peripheral, surface]
+
+
+def verbose():
+    try:
+        optlist, args = getopt.getopt(sys.argv[1:], 'v', ['verbose'])
+        opts = [o[0] for o in optlist]
+        verbose = '-v' in opts
+    except getopt.GetoptError:
+        verbose = False
+    return verbose
+
+
+def doctest_globals(module):
+    if hasattr(module, 'doctest_globals'):
+        return module.doctest_globals()
+    return {}
+
+
+if __name__ == '__main__':
+    failed, attempted = 0, 0
+    for module in modules:
+        print(module.__name__)
+        result = doctest.testmod(module,
+                                 extraglobs=doctest_globals(module),
+                                 verbose=verbose())
+        print(4 * ' ' + repr(result))
+        failed += result.failed
+        attempted += result.attempted
+    print('\nAll doctests:\n    %s failures out of %s tests.' % (failed, attempted))