passagemath-schemes 10.6.38__cp314-cp314t-macosx_13_0_arm64.whl

sage/modular/btquotients/pautomorphicform.py

@@ -0,0 +1,2570 @@
+# sage_setup: distribution = sagemath-schemes
+# sage.doctest: needs sage.graphs sage.libs.pari
+#########################################################################
+#       Copyright (C) 2011 Cameron Franc and Marc Masdeu
+#
+#  Distributed under the terms of the GNU General Public License (GPL)
+#
+#                  https://www.gnu.org/licenses/
+#########################################################################
+r"""
+Spaces of `p`-adic automorphic forms
+
+Compute with harmonic cocycles and `p`-adic automorphic forms, including
+overconvergent `p`-adic automorphic forms.
+
+For a discussion of nearly rigid analytic modular forms and
+the rigid analytic Shimura-Maass operator, see [Fra2011]_. It is worth also
+looking at [FM2014]_ for information on how these are implemented in this code.
+
+EXAMPLES:
+
+Create a quotient of the Bruhat-Tits tree::
+
+    sage: X = BruhatTitsQuotient(13, 11)
+
+Declare the corresponding space of harmonic cocycles::
+
+    sage: H = X.harmonic_cocycles(2, prec=5)
+
+And the space of `p`-adic automorphic forms::
+
+    sage: A = X.padic_automorphic_forms(2, prec=5, overconvergent=True)                 # needs sage.rings.padics
+
+Harmonic cocycles, unlike `p`-adic automorphic forms, can be used to compute a basis::
+
+    sage: a = H.gen(0)                                                                  # needs sage.rings.padics
+
+This can then be lifted to an overconvergent `p`-adic modular form::
+
+    sage: A.lift(a)  # long time                                                        # needs sage.rings.padics
+    p-adic automorphic form of cohomological weight 0
+"""
+
+from copy import copy
+
+import sage.modular.hecke.hecke_operator
+
+from sage.matrix.constructor import Matrix, zero_matrix
+from sage.matrix.matrix_space import MatrixSpace
+from sage.misc.lazy_import import lazy_import
+from sage.misc.verbose import verbose
+from sage.modular.btquotients.btquotient import DoubleCosetReduction
+from sage.modular.hecke.all import AmbientHeckeModule, HeckeModuleElement
+from sage.modular.pollack_stevens.distributions import OverconvergentDistributions, Symk
+from sage.modular.pollack_stevens.sigma0 import Sigma0ActionAdjuster
+from sage.modules.module import Module
+from sage.rings.infinity import Infinity
+from sage.rings.integer import Integer
+from sage.rings.integer_ring import ZZ
+from sage.rings.laurent_series_ring import LaurentSeriesRing
+from sage.rings.polynomial.polynomial_ring_constructor import PolynomialRing
+from sage.rings.rational_field import QQ
+from sage.rings.real_mpfr import RR
+from sage.structure.element import ModuleElement
+from sage.structure.richcmp import op_EQ, op_NE
+from sage.structure.unique_representation import UniqueRepresentation
+
+lazy_import('sage.rings.padics.factory', 'Qp')
+
+
+# Need this to be pickleable
+
+
+class _btquot_adjuster(Sigma0ActionAdjuster):
+    """
+    Callable object that turns matrices into 4-tuples.
+
+    Since the modular symbol and harmonic cocycle code use different
+    conventions for group actions, this function is used to make sure
+    that actions are correct for harmonic cocycle computations.
+
+    EXAMPLES::
+
+        sage: from sage.modular.btquotients.pautomorphicform import _btquot_adjuster
+        sage: adj = _btquot_adjuster()
+        sage: adj(matrix(ZZ,2,2,[1..4]))
+        (4, 2, 3, 1)
+    """
+
+    def __call__(self, g):
+        """
+        Turn matrices into 4-tuples.
+
+        INPUT:
+
+        - ``g`` -- a 2x2 matrix
+
+        OUTPUT: a 4-tuple encoding the entries of ``g``
+
+        EXAMPLES::
+
+            sage: from sage.modular.btquotients.pautomorphicform import _btquot_adjuster
+            sage: adj = _btquot_adjuster()
+            sage: adj(matrix(ZZ,2,2,[0, 1, 2, 3]))
+            (3, 1, 2, 0)
+        """
+        a, b, c, d = g.list()
+        return (d, b, c, a)
+
+
+def eval_dist_at_powseries(phi, f):
+    """
+    Evaluate a distribution on a powerseries.
+
+    A distribution is an element in the dual of the Tate ring. The
+    elements of coefficient modules of overconvergent modular symbols
+    and overconvergent `p`-adic automorphic forms give examples of
+    distributions in Sage.
+
+    INPUT:
+
+    - ``phi`` -- a distribution
+
+    - ``f`` -- a power series over a ring coercible into a `p`-adic field
+
+    OUTPUT:
+
+    The value of ``phi`` evaluated at ``f``, which will be an element in the
+    ring of definition of ``f``
+
+    EXAMPLES::
+
+        sage: from sage.modular.btquotients.pautomorphicform import eval_dist_at_powseries
+        sage: R.<X> = PowerSeriesRing(ZZ,10)
+        sage: f = (1 - 7*X)^(-1)
+
+        sage: D = OverconvergentDistributions(0,7,10)                                   # needs sage.rings.padics
+        sage: phi = D(list(range(1,11)))                                                # needs sage.rings.padics
+        sage: eval_dist_at_powseries(phi,f)                                             # needs sage.rings.padics
+        1 + 2*7 + 3*7^2 + 4*7^3 + 5*7^4 + 6*7^5 + 2*7^7 + 3*7^8 + 4*7^9 + O(7^10)
+    """
+    nmoments = phi.parent().precision_cap()
+    K = f.parent().base_ring()
+    if K.is_exact():
+        K = phi.parent().base_ring()
+    return sum(a * K(phi.moment(i))
+               for a, i in zip(f.coefficients(), f.exponents())
+               if i >= 0 and i < nmoments)
+
+
+class BruhatTitsHarmonicCocycleElement(HeckeModuleElement):
+    r"""
+    `\Gamma`-invariant harmonic cocycles on the Bruhat-Tits
+    tree. `\Gamma`-invariance is necessary so that the cocycle can be
+    stored in terms of a finite amount of data.
+
+    More precisely, given a ``BruhatTitsQuotient`` `T`, harmonic cocycles are stored as
+    a list of values in some coefficient module (e.g. for weight 2 forms
+    can take `\CC_p`) indexed by edges of a fundamental domain for `T` in the
+    Bruhat-Tits tree. Evaluate the cocycle at other edges using Gamma
+    invariance (although the values may not be equal over an orbit of
+    edges as the coefficient module action may be nontrivial).
+
+    EXAMPLES:
+
+    Harmonic cocycles form a vector space, so they can be added and/or
+    subtracted from each other::
+
+        sage: X = BruhatTitsQuotient(5,23)
+        sage: H = X.harmonic_cocycles(2, prec=10)
+        sage: v1 = H.basis()[0]; v2 = H.basis()[1] # indirect doctest
+        sage: v3 = v1 + v2
+        sage: v1 == v3 - v2
+        True
+
+    and rescaled::
+
+        sage: v4 = 2*v1
+        sage: v1 == v4 - v1
+        True
+
+    AUTHORS:
+
+    - Cameron Franc (2012-02-20)
+    - Marc Masdeu
+    """
+    def __init__(self, _parent, vec):
+        """
+        Create a harmonic cocycle element.
+
+        INPUT:
+
+        - ``_parent`` : the parent space of harmonic cocycles.
+        - ``vec`` : a list of elements in the coefficient module.
+
+        EXAMPLES::
+
+            sage: X = BruhatTitsQuotient(31,7)
+            sage: H = X.harmonic_cocycles(2,prec=10)
+            sage: v = H.basis()[0] # indirect doctest
+            sage: TestSuite(v).run()
+        """
+        HeckeModuleElement.__init__(self, _parent, None)
+        self._parent = _parent
+        assert type(vec) is list
+        assert all(v.parent() is _parent._U for v in vec)
+        self._R = _parent._U.base_ring()
+        self._wt = _parent._k
+        self._nE = len(_parent._E)
+        self._F = copy(vec)
+
+    def _add_(self, g):
+        r"""
+        Add two cocycles componentwise.
+
+        INPUT:
+
+        - ``g`` -- a harmonic cocycle
+
+        OUTPUT: a harmonic cocycle
+
+        EXAMPLES::
+
+            sage: X = BruhatTitsQuotient(5,23)
+            sage: H = X.harmonic_cocycles(2,prec=10)
+            sage: v1 = H.basis()[0]; v2 = H.basis()[1]
+            sage: v3 = v1+v2 # indirect doctest
+            sage: v1 == v3-v2
+            True
+        """
+        return self.parent()(self.element() + g.element())
+
+    def _sub_(self, g):
+        r"""
+        Compute the difference of two cocycles.
+
+        INPUT:
+
+        - ``g`` -- a harmonic cocycle
+
+        OUTPUT: a harmonic cocycle
+
+        EXAMPLES::
+
+            sage: X = BruhatTitsQuotient(5,11)
+            sage: H = X.harmonic_cocycles(2,prec=10)
+            sage: v1 = H.basis()[0]; v2 = H.basis()[1]
+            sage: v3 = v1-v2 # indirect doctest
+            sage: v1 == v3+v2
+            True
+        """
+        # Should ensure that self and g are modular forms of the same
+        # weight and on the same curve
+        return self.parent()(self.element() - g.element())
+
+    def _lmul_(self, a):
+        r"""
+        Multiply a cocycle by a scalar.
+
+        INPUT:
+
+        - ``a`` -- a ring element
+
+        OUTPUT: a harmonic cocycle
+
+        EXAMPLES::
+
+            sage: X = BruhatTitsQuotient(3,23)
+            sage: H = X.harmonic_cocycles(2,prec=10)
+            sage: v1 = H.basis()[0]
+            sage: v2 = 2*v1 # indirect doctest
+            sage: v1 == v2-v1
+            True
+        """
+        # Should ensure that 'a' is a scalar
+        return self.parent()(a * self.element())
+
+    def _richcmp_(self, other, op):
+        r"""
+        General comparison method for ``HarmonicCocycles``.
+
+        INPUT:
+
+        - ``other`` -- another harmonic cocycle
+
+        EXAMPLES::
+
+            sage: X = BruhatTitsQuotient(11,23)
+            sage: H = X.harmonic_cocycles(2,prec=10)
+            sage: v1 = H.basis()[0]
+            sage: v2 = 3*v1 # indirect doctest
+            sage: 2*v1 == v2-v1
+            True
+        """
+        if op not in [op_EQ, op_NE]:
+            return NotImplemented
+
+        b = all(self._F[e] == other._F[e] for e in range(self._nE))
+        if op == op_EQ:
+            return b
+        return not b
+
+    def _repr_(self):
+        r"""
+        Return a string describing the cocycle.
+
+        EXAMPLES::
+
+            sage: X = BruhatTitsQuotient(5,13)
+            sage: H = X.harmonic_cocycles(2,prec=10)
+            sage: H.basis()[0] # indirect doctest
+            Harmonic cocycle with values in Sym^0 Q_5^2
+        """
+        return 'Harmonic cocycle with values in %s' % self.parent()._U
+
+    def monomial_coefficients(self, copy=True):
+        r"""
+        Return a dictionary whose keys are indices of basis elements
+        in the support of ``self`` and whose values are the
+        corresponding coefficients.
+
+        EXAMPLES::
+
+            sage: M = BruhatTitsQuotient(3,5).harmonic_cocycles(2, prec=10)
+            sage: M.monomial_coefficients()
+            {}
+        """
+        return self.element().monomial_coefficients(copy=copy)
+
+    def print_values(self):
+        r"""
+        Print the values of the cocycle on all of the edges.
+
+        EXAMPLES::
+
+            sage: X = BruhatTitsQuotient(5,23)
+            sage: H = X.harmonic_cocycles(2,prec=10)
+            sage: H.basis()[0].print_values()
+            0   |1 + O(5^10)
+            1   |0
+            2   |0
+            3   |4 + 4*5 + 4*5^2 + 4*5^3 + 4*5^4 + 4*5^5 + 4*5^6 + 4*5^7 + 4*5^8 + 4*5^9 + O(5^10)
+            4   |0
+            5   |0
+            6   |0
+            7   |0
+            8   |0
+            9   |0
+            10  |0
+            11  |0
+        """
+        tmp = ''
+        for e in range(self._nE):
+            tmp += str(e) + '\t|' + str(self._F[e]) + '\n'
+        print(tmp[:-1])
+
+    def valuation(self):
+        r"""
+        Return the valuation of the cocycle, defined as the
+        minimum of the values it takes on a set of representatives.
+
+        OUTPUT: integer
+
+        EXAMPLES::
+
+            sage: X = BruhatTitsQuotient(3,17)
+            sage: H = X.harmonic_cocycles(2,prec=10)
+            sage: b1 = H.basis()[0]
+            sage: b2 = 3*b1
+            sage: b1.valuation()
+            0
+            sage: b2.valuation()
+            1
+            sage: H(0).valuation()
+            +Infinity
+        """
+        if self == 0:
+            return Infinity
+        else:
+            return min(self._F[e].valuation() for e in range(self._nE))
+
+    def _compute_element(self):
+        r"""
+        Express a harmonic cocycle in a coordinate vector.
+
+        OUTPUT:
+
+        A coordinate vector encoding ``self`` in terms of the ambient
+        basis in ``self.parent``
+
+        EXAMPLES::
+
+            sage: X = BruhatTitsQuotient(3,17)
+            sage: H = X.harmonic_cocycles(2,prec=10)
+            sage: H.basis()[0]._compute_element()
+            (1 + O(3^10), 0, 0)
+            sage: H.basis()[1]._compute_element()
+            (0, 1 + O(3^10), 0)
+            sage: H.basis()[2]._compute_element()
+            (0, 0, 1 + O(3^10))
+        """
+        R = self._R
+        A = self.parent().basis_matrix().transpose()
+        B = Matrix(R, self._nE * (self.parent()._k - 1), 1,
+                   [self._F[e].moment(ii) for e in range(self._nE)
+                    for ii in range(self.parent()._k - 1)])
+        try:
+            res = (A.solve_right(B)).transpose()
+        except ValueError:
+            rest = (A.transpose() * A).solve_right(A.transpose() * B)
+            err = A * rest - B
+            if err != 0:
+                try:
+                    if hasattr(err.parent().base_ring().an_element(),
+                               'valuation'):
+                        minval = min([o.valuation() for o in err.list()
+                                      if o != 0])
+                    else:
+                        minval = sum([RR(o.norm() ** 2) for o in err.list()])
+                    verbose('Error = %s' % minval)
+                except AttributeError:
+                    verbose('Warning: something did not work in the '
+                            'computation')
+            res = rest.transpose()
+        return self.parent().free_module()(res.row(0))
+
+    # In BruhatTitsHarmonicCocycle
+    def evaluate(self, e1):
+        r"""
+        Evaluate a harmonic cocycle on an edge of the Bruhat-Tits tree.
+
+        INPUT:
+
+        - ``e1`` -- a matrix corresponding to an edge of the
+          Bruhat-Tits tree
+
+        OUTPUT:
+
+        - An element of the coefficient module of the cocycle which
+          describes the value of the cocycle on ``e1``
+
+        EXAMPLES::
+
+            sage: X = BruhatTitsQuotient(5,17)
+            sage: e0 = X.get_edge_list()[0]
+            sage: e1 = X.get_edge_list()[1]
+            sage: H = X.harmonic_cocycles(2,prec=10)
+            sage: b = H.basis()[0]
+            sage: b.evaluate(e0.rep)
+            1 + O(5^10)
+            sage: b.evaluate(e1.rep)
+            4 + 4*5 + 4*5^2 + 4*5^3 + 4*5^4 + 4*5^5 + 4*5^6 + 4*5^7 + 4*5^8 + 4*5^9 + O(5^10)
+        """
+        X = self.parent()._X
+        p = X._p
+        u = DoubleCosetReduction(X, e1)
+        if u.label < self._nE:
+            val = self._F[u.label]
+        else:
+            val = -self._F[u.label - self._nE]
+
+        return u.igamma(self.parent().embed_quaternion, scale=p ** (-u.power)) * val
+
+    # In BruhatTitsHarmonicCocycle
+    def riemann_sum(self, f, center=1, level=0, E=None):
+        r"""
+        Evaluate the integral of the function ``f`` with respect
+        to the measure determined by ``self`` over `\mathbf{P}^1(\QQ_p)`.
+
+        INPUT:
+
+        - ``f`` -- a function on `\mathbf{P}^1(\QQ_p)`
+
+        - ``center`` -- integer (default: 1); Center of integration
+
+        - ``level`` -- integer (default: 0); Determines the size of
+          the covering when computing the Riemann sum. Runtime is
+          exponential in the level.
+
+        - ``E`` -- list of edges (default: ``None``); They should describe
+          a covering of `\mathbf{P}^1(\QQ_p)`
+
+        OUTPUT: a `p`-adic number
+
+        EXAMPLES::
+
+            sage: X = BruhatTitsQuotient(5,7)
+            sage: H = X.harmonic_cocycles(2,prec=10)
+            sage: b = H.basis()[0]
+            sage: R.<z> = PolynomialRing(QQ,1)
+            sage: f = z^2
+
+        Note that `f` has a pole at infinity, so that the result will
+        be meaningless::
+
+            sage: b.riemann_sum(f,level=0)
+            1 + 5 + 2*5^3 + 4*5^4 + 2*5^5 + 3*5^6 + 3*5^7 + 2*5^8 + 4*5^9 + O(5^10)
+        """
+        R1 = LaurentSeriesRing(f.base_ring(), 'r1')
+        if E is None:
+            E = self.parent()._X._BT.get_balls(center, level)
+        else:
+            E = self.parent()._X._BT.subdivide(E, level)
+        value = 0
+        for e in E:
+            expansion = ((R1([e[1, 1], e[1, 0]]) ** (self.parent()._k - 2) * e.determinant() ** (-(self.parent()._k - 2) / 2)) * f(R1([e[0, 1], e[0, 0]]) / R1([e[1, 1], e[1, 0]]))).truncate(self.parent()._k - 1)
+            dist = self.parent()._Sigma0(e.inverse(), check=False) * self.evaluate(e)
+            value += eval_dist_at_powseries(dist, expansion)
+        return value
+
+    def modular_form(self, z=None, level=0):
+        r"""
+        Integrate Teitelbaum's `p`-adic Poisson kernel against
+        the measure corresponding to ``self`` to evaluate the associated
+        modular form at ``z``.
+
+        If ``z`` = None, a function is returned that encodes the modular form.
+
+        .. NOTE::
+
+            This function uses the integration method of Riemann
+            summation and is incredibly slow! It should only be used for
+            testing and bug-finding. Overconvergent methods are quicker.
+
+        INPUT:
+
+        - ``z`` -- an element in the quadratic unramified extension of
+          `\QQ_p` that is not contained in `\QQ_p` (default: ``None``)
+
+        - ``level`` -- integer; how fine of a mesh should the Riemann
+          sum use
+
+        OUTPUT: an element of the quadratic unramified extension of `\QQ_p`
+
+        EXAMPLES::
+
+            sage: X = BruhatTitsQuotient(3,23)
+            sage: H = X.harmonic_cocycles(2,prec = 8)
+            sage: b = H.basis()[0]
+            sage: R.<a> = Qq(9,prec=10)
+            sage: x1 = b.modular_form(a,level = 0); x1
+            a + (2*a + 1)*3 + (a + 1)*3^2 + (a + 1)*3^3 + 3^4 + (a + 2)*3^5 + a*3^7 + O(3^8)
+            sage: x2 = b.modular_form(a,level = 1); x2
+            a + (a + 2)*3 + (2*a + 1)*3^3 + (2*a + 1)*3^4 + 3^5 + (a + 2)*3^6 + a*3^7 + O(3^8)
+            sage: x3 = b.modular_form(a,level = 2); x3
+            a + (a + 2)*3 + (2*a + 2)*3^2 + 2*a*3^4 + (a + 1)*3^5 + 3^6 + O(3^8)
+            sage: x4 = b.modular_form(a,level = 3);x4
+            a + (a + 2)*3 + (2*a + 2)*3^2 + (2*a + 2)*3^3 + 2*a*3^5 + a*3^6 + (a + 2)*3^7 + O(3^8)
+            sage: (x4-x3).valuation()
+            3
+
+        TESTS:
+
+        Check that :issue:`22634` is fixed::
+
+            sage: X = BruhatTitsQuotient(7,2)
+            sage: H = X.harmonic_cocycles(4,20)
+            sage: f0, g0 = H.basis()
+            sage: A = X.padic_automorphic_forms(4,20,overconvergent=True)
+            sage: f = A.lift(f0).modular_form(method='moments')
+            sage: T.<x> = Qq(7^2,20)
+            sage: a,b,c,d = X.embed_quaternion(X.get_units_of_order()[1]).change_ring(Qp(7,20)).list()
+            sage: (c*x + d)^4 * f(x) == f((a*x + b)/(c*x + d))
+            True
+            sage: g = A.lift(g0).modular_form(method='moments')
+            sage: (c*x + d)^4 * f(x) == f((a*x + b)/(c*x + d))
+            True
+        """
+        return self.derivative(z, level, order=0)
+
+    # In BruhatTitsHarmonicCocycle
+    def derivative(self, z=None, level=0, order=1):
+        r"""
+        Integrate Teitelbaum's `p`-adic Poisson kernel against
+        the measure corresponding to ``self`` to evaluate the rigid
+        analytic Shimura-Maass derivatives of the associated modular
+        form at `z`.
+
+        If ``z = None``, a function is returned that encodes the
+        derivative of the modular form.
+
+        .. NOTE::
+
+            This function uses the integration method of Riemann
+            summation and is incredibly slow! It should only be used for
+            testing and bug-finding. Overconvergent methods are quicker.
+
+        INPUT:
+
+        - ``z`` -- an element in the quadratic unramified extension of
+          `\QQ_p` that is not contained in `\QQ_p` (default: ``None``); if
+          ``z = None`` then a function encoding the derivative is returned.
+
+        - ``level`` -- integer; how fine of a mesh should the Riemann
+          sum use
+
+        - ``order`` -- integer; how many derivatives to take
+
+        OUTPUT:
+
+        An element of the quadratic unramified extension of `\QQ_p`, or
+        a function encoding the derivative.
+
+        EXAMPLES::
+
+            sage: X = BruhatTitsQuotient(3,23)
+            sage: H = X.harmonic_cocycles(2,prec=5)
+            sage: b = H.basis()[0]
+            sage: R.<a> = Qq(9,prec=10)
+            sage: b.modular_form(a,level=0) == b.derivative(a,level=0,order=0)
+            True
+            sage: b.derivative(a,level=1,order=1)
+            (2*a + 2)*3 + (a + 2)*3^2 + 2*a*3^3 + 2*3^4 + O(3^5)
+            sage: b.derivative(a,level=2,order=1)
+            (2*a + 2)*3 + 2*a*3^2 + 3^3 + a*3^4 + O(3^5)
+        """
+        def F(z):
+            R = PolynomialRing(z.parent(), 'x,y').fraction_field()
+            Rx = PolynomialRing(z.parent(), 'x1').fraction_field()
+            x1 = Rx.gen()
+            subst = R.hom([x1, z], codomain=Rx)
+            x, y = R.gens()
+            center = self.parent()._X._BT.find_containing_affinoid(z)
+            zbar = z.trace() - z
+            f = R(1) / (x - y)
+            k = self.parent()._k
+            V = [f]
+            for ii in range(order):
+                V = [v.derivative(y) for v in V] + [k / (y - zbar) * v
+                                                    for v in V]
+                k += 2
+            return sum([self.riemann_sum(subst(v), center, level) for v in V])
+        if z is None:
+            return F
+        else:
+            return F(z)
+
+
+class BruhatTitsHarmonicCocycles(AmbientHeckeModule, UniqueRepresentation):
+    r"""
+    Ensure unique representation.
+
+    EXAMPLES::
+
+        sage: X = BruhatTitsQuotient(3,5)
+        sage: M1 = X.harmonic_cocycles( 2, prec = 10)
+        sage: M2 = X.harmonic_cocycles( 2, 10)
+        sage: M1 is M2
+        True
+    """
+    Element = BruhatTitsHarmonicCocycleElement
+
+    @staticmethod
+    def __classcall__(cls, X, k, prec=None, basis_matrix=None, base_field=None):
+        r"""
+        Represent a space of Gamma invariant harmonic
+        cocycles valued in a coefficient module.
+
+        INPUT:
+
+        - ``X`` -- a BruhatTitsQuotient object
+
+        - ``k`` -- integer; the weight. It must be even.
+
+        - ``prec`` -- integer (default: ``None``); if specified, the
+          precision for the coefficient module
+
+        - ``basis_matrix`` -- a matrix (default: ``None``)
+
+        - ``base_field`` -- a ring (default: ``None``)
+
+        EXAMPLES::
+
+            sage: X = BruhatTitsQuotient(3,23)
+            sage: H = X.harmonic_cocycles(2,prec = 5)
+            sage: H.dimension()
+            3
+            sage: X.genus()
+            3
+
+        Higher even weights are implemented::
+
+            sage: H = X.harmonic_cocycles(8, prec = 10)
+            sage: H.dimension()
+            26
+
+        AUTHORS:
+
+        - Cameron Franc (2012-02-20)
+        - Marc Masdeu
+        """
+        return super().__classcall__(cls, X, k, prec,
+                                     basis_matrix,
+                                     base_field)
+
+    def __init__(self, X, k, prec=None, basis_matrix=None, base_field=None):
+        """
+        Compute the space of harmonic cocycles.
+
+        EXAMPLES::
+
+            sage: X = BruhatTitsQuotient(3,37)
+            sage: H = X.harmonic_cocycles(4,prec=10)
+            sage: TestSuite(H).run()
+        """
+        self._k = k
+        self._X = X
+        self._E = self._X.get_edge_list()
+        self._V = self._X.get_vertex_list()
+
+        if base_field is not None and not base_field.is_exact():
+            prec = base_field.precision_cap()
+
+        if prec is None:
+            self._prec = None  # Be careful!
+            if base_field is None:
+                try:
+                    self._R = X.get_splitting_field()
+                except AttributeError:
+                    raise ValueError("It looks like you are not using Magma as"
+                                     " backend...and still we don't know how "
+                                     "to compute splittings in that case!")
+            else:
+                pol = X.get_splitting_field().defining_polynomial().factor()[0][0]
+                self._R = base_field.extension(pol, pol.variable_name()).absolute_field(name='r')
+        else:
+            self._prec = prec
+            if base_field is None:
+                self._R = Qp(self._X._p, prec=prec)
+            else:
+                self._R = base_field
+
+        self._U = Symk(self._k - 2, base=self._R, act_on_left=True,
+                       adjuster=_btquot_adjuster(),
+                       dettwist=-ZZ((self._k - 2) // 2), act_padic=True)
+
+        if basis_matrix is None:
+            self.__rank = self._X.dimension_harmonic_cocycles(self._k)
+        else:
+            self.__rank = basis_matrix.nrows()
+        if basis_matrix is not None:
+            self.__matrix = basis_matrix
+            self.__matrix.set_immutable()
+            assert self.__rank == self.__matrix.nrows()
+
+        self._Sigma0 = self._U._act._Sigma0
+
+        AmbientHeckeModule.__init__(self, self._R, self.__rank,
+                                    self._X.prime() * self._X.Nplus() * self._X.Nminus(), weight=self._k)
+        self._populate_coercion_lists_()
+
+    def monomial_coefficients(self):
+        r"""
+        Void method to comply with pickling.
+
+        EXAMPLES::
+
+            sage: M = BruhatTitsQuotient(3,5).harmonic_cocycles(2,prec=10)
+            sage: M.monomial_coefficients()
+            {}
+        """
+        return {}
+
+    def base_extend(self, base_ring):
+        r"""
+        Extend the base ring of the coefficient module.
+
+        INPUT:
+
+        - ``base_ring`` -- a ring that has a coerce map from the
+          current base ring
+
+        OUTPUT: a new space of HarmonicCocycles with the base extended
+
+        EXAMPLES::
+
+            sage: X = BruhatTitsQuotient(3,19)
+            sage: H = X.harmonic_cocycles(2,10)
+            sage: H.base_ring()
+            3-adic Field with capped relative precision 10
+            sage: H1 = H.base_extend(Qp(3,prec=15))
+            sage: H1.base_ring()
+            3-adic Field with capped relative precision 15
+        """
+        if not base_ring.has_coerce_map_from(self.base_ring()):
+            raise ValueError("No coercion defined")
+        else:
+            return self.change_ring(base_ring)
+
+    def change_ring(self, new_base_ring):
+        r"""
+        Change the base ring of the coefficient module.
+
+        INPUT:
+
+        - ``new_base_ring`` -- a ring that has a coerce map from the
+          current base ring
+
+        OUTPUT: new space of HarmonicCocycles with different base ring
+
+        EXAMPLES::
+
+            sage: X = BruhatTitsQuotient(5,17)
+            sage: H = X.harmonic_cocycles(2,10)
+            sage: H.base_ring()
+            5-adic Field with capped relative precision 10
+            sage: H1 = H.base_extend(Qp(5,prec=15)) # indirect doctest
+            sage: H1.base_ring()
+            5-adic Field with capped relative precision 15
+        """
+        if not new_base_ring.has_coerce_map_from(self.base_ring()):
+            raise ValueError("No coercion defined")
+
+        basis_matrix = self.basis_matrix().change_ring(new_base_ring)
+        basis_matrix.set_immutable()
+        return self.__class__(self._X, self._k, prec=None,
+                              basis_matrix=basis_matrix,
+                              base_field=new_base_ring)
+
+    def rank(self):
+        r"""
+        Return the rank (dimension) of ``self``.
+
+        OUTPUT: integer
+
+        EXAMPLES::
+
+            sage: X = BruhatTitsQuotient(7,11)
+            sage: H = X.harmonic_cocycles(2,prec = 10)
+            sage: X.genus() == H.rank()
+            True
+            sage: H1 = X.harmonic_cocycles(4,prec = 10)
+            sage: H1.rank()
+            16
+        """
+        return self.__rank
+
+    def submodule(self, v, check=False):
+        r"""
+        Return the submodule of ``self`` spanned by ``v``.
+
+        INPUT:
+
+        - ``v`` -- submodule of ``self.free_module()``
+
+        - ``check`` -- boolean (default: ``False``)
+
+        OUTPUT: subspace of harmonic cocycles
+
+        EXAMPLES::
+
+            sage: X = BruhatTitsQuotient(3,17)
+            sage: H = X.harmonic_cocycles(2,prec=10)
+            sage: H.rank()
+            3
+            sage: v = H.gen(0)
+            sage: N = H.free_module().span([v.element()])
+            sage: H1 = H.submodule(N)
+            Traceback (most recent call last):
+            ...
+            NotImplementedError
+        """
+        # return BruhatTitsHarmonicCocyclesSubmodule(self, v)
+        raise NotImplementedError
+
+    def is_simple(self) -> bool:
+        r"""
+        Whether ``self`` is irreducible.
+
+        OUTPUT: boolean; ``True`` if and only if ``self`` is irreducible
+
+        EXAMPLES::
+
+            sage: X = BruhatTitsQuotient(3, 29)
+            sage: H = X.harmonic_cocycles(4, prec=10)
+            sage: H.rank()
+            14
+            sage: H.is_simple()
+            False
+            sage: X = BruhatTitsQuotient(7, 2)
+            sage: H = X.harmonic_cocycles(2, prec=10)
+            sage: H.rank()
+            1
+            sage: H.is_simple()
+            True
+        """
+        return self.rank() == 1
+
+    def _repr_(self):
+        r"""
+        This returns the representation of ``self`` as a string.
+
+        EXAMPLES::
+
+            sage: X = BruhatTitsQuotient(5,23)
+            sage: H = X.harmonic_cocycles(2,prec=10)
+            sage: H
+            Space of harmonic cocycles of weight 2 on Quotient of the Bruhat
+            Tits tree of GL_2(QQ_5) with discriminant 23 and level 1
+        """
+        return 'Space of harmonic cocycles of weight %s on %s' % (self._k,
+                                                                  self._X)
+
+    def _latex_(self):
+        r"""
+        A LaTeX representation of ``self``.
+
+        EXAMPLES::
+
+            sage: X = BruhatTitsQuotient(5,23)
+            sage: H = X.harmonic_cocycles(2,prec=10)
+            sage: latex(H) # indirect doctest
+            \text{Space of harmonic cocycles of weight } 2 \text{ on } X(5 \cdot 23,1)\otimes_{\Bold{Z}} \Bold{F}_{5}
+        """
+        s = '\\text{Space of harmonic cocycles of weight } '
+        s += (self._k)._latex_() + ' \\text{ on } ' + self._X._latex_()
+        return s
+
+    def _an_element_(self):
+        r"""
+        Return an element of the ambient space.
+
+        OUTPUT: a harmonic cocycle in self
+
+        EXAMPLES::
+
+            sage: X = BruhatTitsQuotient(5,23)
+            sage: H = X.harmonic_cocycles(2,prec=10)
+            sage: H.an_element() # indirect doctest
+            Harmonic cocycle with values in Sym^0 Q_5^2
+        """
+        return self.basis()[0]
+
+    def _coerce_map_from_(self, S):
+        r"""
+        Can coerce from other BruhatTitsHarmonicCocycles or from
+        pAdicAutomorphicForms, also from 0.
+
+        OUTPUT: boolean; ``True`` if and only if ``self`` is a space of
+        BruhatTitsHarmonicCocycles or pAdicAutomorphicForms
+
+        EXAMPLES::
+
+            sage: X = BruhatTitsQuotient(3,17)
+            sage: H = X.harmonic_cocycles(2,prec=10)
+            sage: A = X.padic_automorphic_forms(2,prec=10)
+            sage: A(H.basis()[0]) # indirect doctest
+            p-adic automorphic form of cohomological weight 0
+        """
+        if isinstance(S, (BruhatTitsHarmonicCocycles, pAdicAutomorphicForms)):
+            if S._k != self._k:
+                return False
+            if S._X != self._X:
+                return False
+            return True
+        return False
+
+    def __eq__(self, other):
+        r"""
+        Test whether two BruhatTitsHarmonicCocycle spaces are equal.
+
+        INPUT:
+
+        - ``other`` -- a BruhatTitsHarmonicCocycles class
+
+        OUTPUT: boolean
+
+        EXAMPLES::
+
+            sage: X = BruhatTitsQuotient(5,7)
+            sage: H1 = X.harmonic_cocycles(2,prec=10)
+            sage: H2 = X.harmonic_cocycles(2,prec=10)
+            sage: H1 == H2
+            True
+        """
+        if not isinstance(other, BruhatTitsHarmonicCocycles):
+            return False
+
+        return (self.base_ring() == other.base_ring() and
+                self._X == other._X and
+                self._k == other._k)
+
+    def __ne__(self, other):
+        r"""
+        Test whether two BruhatTitsHarmonicCocycle spaces are not equal.
+
+        INPUT:
+
+        - ``other`` -- a BruhatTitsHarmonicCocycles class
+
+        OUTPUT: boolean
+
+        EXAMPLES::
+
+            sage: X = BruhatTitsQuotient(5,7)
+            sage: H1 = X.harmonic_cocycles(2,prec=10)
+            sage: H2 = X.harmonic_cocycles(2,prec=10)
+            sage: H1 != H2
+            False
+        """
+        return not self.__eq__(other)
+
+    def __hash__(self):
+        """
+        Return the hash of ``self``.
+
+        EXAMPLES::
+
+            sage: X = BruhatTitsQuotient(5,7)
+            sage: H1 = X.harmonic_cocycles(2,prec=10)
+            sage: H2 = X.harmonic_cocycles(2,prec=10)
+            sage: hash(H1) == hash(H2)
+            True
+        """
+        return hash((self.base_ring(), self._X, self._k))
+
+    def _element_constructor_(self, x):
+        r"""
+        Constructor for harmonic cocycles.
+
+        INPUT:
+
+        - ``x`` -- an object coercible into a harmonic cocycle
+
+        OUTPUT: a harmonic cocycle
+
+        EXAMPLES::
+
+            sage: X = BruhatTitsQuotient(3,17)
+            sage: H = X.harmonic_cocycles(2,prec=10)
+            sage: H(H.an_element()) # indirect doctest
+            Harmonic cocycle with values in Sym^0 Q_3^2
+            sage: H(0)
+            Harmonic cocycle with values in Sym^0 Q_3^2
+        """
+        if type(x) is sage.modules.free_module_element.FreeModuleElement_generic_dense:
+            vmat = MatrixSpace(self._R, 1, self.dimension())(x)
+            tmp = (vmat * self.ambient_module().basis_matrix()).row(0)
+            vec = [self._U(tmp[e * (self._k - 1):(e + 1) * (self._k - 1)])
+                   for e in range(len(self._E))]
+            return self.element_class(self, vec)
+
+        if type(x) is list:
+            return self.element_class(self, [self._U(o) for o in x])
+
+        if hasattr(x, 'parent'):
+            parent = x.parent()
+            if isinstance(parent, BruhatTitsHarmonicCocycles):
+                return self.element_class(self, [self._U(o) for o in x._F])
+            elif isinstance(parent, pAdicAutomorphicForms):
+                tmp = [self._E[ii].rep * self._U(x._F[ii]) for ii in range(self._nE)]
+                return self.element_class(self, tmp)
+        if x == 0:
+            tmp = [self._U([0] * (self.weight() - 1))] * self._X._num_edges
+            return self.element_class(self, tmp)
+        else:
+            raise TypeError
+
+    def free_module(self):
+        r"""
+        Return the underlying free module.
+
+        OUTPUT: a free module
+
+        EXAMPLES::
+
+            sage: X = BruhatTitsQuotient(3,7)
+            sage: H = X.harmonic_cocycles(2,prec=10)
+            sage: H.free_module()
+            Vector space of dimension 1 over 3-adic Field with
+            capped relative precision 10
+        """
+        try:
+            return self.__free_module
+        except AttributeError:
+            pass
+        V = self.base_ring() ** self.dimension()
+        self.__free_module = V
+        return V
+
+    def character(self):
+        r"""
+        The trivial character.
+
+        OUTPUT: the identity map
+
+        EXAMPLES::
+
+            sage: X = BruhatTitsQuotient(3,7)
+            sage: H = X.harmonic_cocycles(2,prec = 10)
+            sage: f = H.character()
+            sage: f(1)
+            1
+            sage: f(2)
+            2
+        """
+        return lambda x: x
+
+    def embed_quaternion(self, g, scale=1, exact=None):
+        r"""
+        Embed the quaternion element ``g`` into the matrix algebra.
+
+        INPUT:
+
+        - ``g`` -- a quaternion, expressed as a 4x1 matrix
+
+        OUTPUT: a 2x2 matrix with `p`-adic entries
+
+        EXAMPLES::
+
+            sage: X = BruhatTitsQuotient(7,2)
+            sage: q = X.get_stabilizers()[0][1][0]
+            sage: H = X.harmonic_cocycles(2,prec = 5)
+            sage: Hmat = H.embed_quaternion(q)
+            sage: Hmat.matrix().trace() == X._conv(q).reduced_trace() and Hmat.matrix().determinant() == 1
+            True
+        """
+        if exact is None:
+            exact = self._R.is_exact()
+        return self._Sigma0(scale * self._X.embed_quaternion(g, exact=exact,
+                                                             prec=self._prec),
+                            check=False)
+
+    def basis_matrix(self):
+        r"""
+        Return a basis of ``self`` in matrix form.
+
+        If the coefficient module `M` is of finite rank then the space
+        of Gamma invariant `M` valued harmonic cocycles can be
+        represented as a subspace of the finite rank space of all
+        functions from the finitely many edges in the corresponding
+        BruhatTitsQuotient into `M`. This function computes this
+        representation of the space of cocycles.
+
+        OUTPUT:
+
+        - A basis matrix describing the cocycles in the spaced of all
+          `M` valued Gamma invariant functions on the tree.
+
+        EXAMPLES::
+
+            sage: X = BruhatTitsQuotient(5,3)
+            sage: M = X.harmonic_cocycles(4,prec = 20)
+            sage: B = M.basis() # indirect doctest
+            sage: len(B) == X.dimension_harmonic_cocycles(4)
+            True
+
+        AUTHORS:
+
+        - Cameron Franc (2012-02-20)
+        - Marc Masdeu (2012-02-20)
+        """
+        try:
+            return self.__matrix
+        except AttributeError:
+            pass
+        nV = len(self._V)
+        nE = len(self._E)
+        stab_conds = []
+        S = self._X.get_edge_stabilizers()
+        p = self._X._p
+        d = self._k - 1
+        for e in self._E:
+            try:
+                g = next(g for g in S[e.label] if g[2])
+                C = self._U.acting_matrix(self._Sigma0(self.embed_quaternion(g[0])), d).transpose()  # Warning - Need to allow the check = True
+                C -= self._U.acting_matrix(self._Sigma0(Matrix(QQ, 2, 2, p ** g[1])), d).transpose()  # Warning - Need to allow the check = True
+                stab_conds.append([e.label, C])
+            except StopIteration:
+                pass
+
+        n_stab_conds = len(stab_conds)
+        self._M = Matrix(self._R, (nV + n_stab_conds) * d, nE * d, 0,
+                         sparse=True)
+        for v in self._V:
+            for e in v.leaving_edges:
+                if e.parity:
+                    continue
+                C = sum([self._U.acting_matrix(self.embed_quaternion(x[0]), d)
+                         for x in e.links],
+                        Matrix(self._R, d, d, 0)).transpose()
+                self._M.set_block(v.label * d, e.label * d, C)
+            for e in v.entering_edges:
+                if e.parity:
+                    continue
+                C = sum([self._U.acting_matrix(self.embed_quaternion(x[0]), d)
+                         for x in e.opposite.links],
+                        Matrix(self._R, d, d, 0)).transpose()
+                self._M.set_block(v.label * d, e.opposite.label * d, C)
+
+        for kk in range(n_stab_conds):
+            v = stab_conds[kk]
+            self._M.set_block((nV + kk) * d, v[0] * d, v[1])
+
+        x1 = self._M.right_kernel().matrix()
+
+        if x1.nrows() != self.rank():
+            raise RuntimeError('The computed dimension does not agree with '
+                               'the expectation. Consider increasing '
+                               'precision!')
+
+        K = [c.list() for c in x1.rows()]
+
+        if not self._R.is_exact():
+            for ii in range(len(K)):
+                s = min([t.valuation() for t in K[ii]])
+                for jj in range(len(K[ii])):
+                    K[ii][jj] = (p ** (-s)) * K[ii][jj]
+
+        self.__matrix = Matrix(self._R, len(K), nE * d, K)
+        self.__matrix.set_immutable()
+        return self.__matrix
+
+    def __apply_atkin_lehner(self, q, f):
+        r"""
+        Apply an Atkin-Lehner involution to a harmonic cocycle.
+
+        INPUT:
+
+        - ``q`` -- integer dividing the full level ``p*Nminus*Nplus``
+
+        - ``f`` -- a harmonic cocycle
+
+        OUTPUT:
+
+        The harmonic cocycle obtained by hitting ``f`` with the
+        Atkin-Lehner at ``q``.
+
+        EXAMPLES::
+
+            sage: X = BruhatTitsQuotient(5,17)
+            sage: H = X.harmonic_cocycles(2,prec = 10)
+            sage: A = H.atkin_lehner_operator(5).matrix() # indirect doctest
+            sage: A**2 == 1
+            True
+        """
+        Data = self._X._get_atkin_lehner_data(q)
+        p = self._X._p
+        tmp = [self._U(0) for jj in range(len(self._E))]
+        d1 = Data[1]
+        mga = self.embed_quaternion(Data[0])
+        nE = len(self._E)
+        for jj in range(nE):
+            t = d1[jj]
+            if t.label < nE:
+                tmp[jj] += mga * t.igamma(self.embed_quaternion, scale=p ** -t.power) * f._F[t.label]
+            else:
+                tmp[jj] += mga * t.igamma(self.embed_quaternion, scale=p ** -t.power) * (-f._F[t.label - nE])
+
+        return self(tmp)
+
+    def __apply_hecke_operator(self, l, f):
+        r"""
+        This function applies a Hecke operator to a harmonic cocycle.
+
+        INPUT:
+
+        - ``l`` -- integer
+
+        - ``f`` -- a harmonic cocycle
+
+        OUTPUT:
+
+        A harmonic cocycle which is the result of applying the `l`-th
+        Hecke operator to ``f``.
+
+        EXAMPLES::
+
+            sage: X = BruhatTitsQuotient(5,17)
+            sage: H = X.harmonic_cocycles(2,prec=50)
+            sage: A = H.hecke_operator(7).matrix() # indirect doctest
+            sage: [o.rational_reconstruction() for o in A.charpoly().coefficients()]
+            [-8, -12, 12, 20, 8, 1]
+        """
+        HeckeData, alpha = self._X._get_hecke_data(l)
+        if self.level() % l == 0:
+            factor = QQ(l ** (Integer((self._k - 2) // 2)) / (l + 1))
+        else:
+            factor = QQ(l ** (Integer((self._k - 2) // 2)))
+        p = self._X._p
+        alphamat = self.embed_quaternion(alpha)
+        tmp = [self._U(0) for jj in range(len(self._E))]
+        for d0, d1 in HeckeData:
+            mga = self.embed_quaternion(d0) * alphamat
+            nE = len(self._E)
+            for jj in range(nE):
+                t = d1[jj]
+                if t.label < nE:
+                    tmp[jj] += mga * t.igamma(self.embed_quaternion, scale=p ** -t.power) * f._F[t.label]
+                else:
+                    tmp[jj] += mga * t.igamma(self.embed_quaternion, scale=p ** -t.power) * (-f._F[t.label - nE])
+        return self([factor * x for x in tmp])
+
+    def _compute_atkin_lehner_matrix(self, d):
+        r"""
+        When the underlying coefficient module is finite, this
+        function computes the matrix of an Atkin-Lehner involution in
+        the basis provided by the function basis_matrix
+
+        INPUT:
+
+        - ``d`` -- integer dividing ``p*Nminus*Nplus``, where these
+          quantities are associated to the BruhatTitsQuotient ``self._X``
+
+        OUTPUT:
+
+        The matrix of the Atkin-Lehner involution at ``d`` in the basis given by
+        ``self.basis_matrix``.
+
+        EXAMPLES::
+
+            sage: X = BruhatTitsQuotient(5,13)
+            sage: H = X.harmonic_cocycles(2,prec=5)
+            sage: A = H.atkin_lehner_operator(5).matrix() # indirect doctest
+            sage: A**2 == 1
+            True
+        """
+        return self.__compute_operator_matrix(lambda f: self.__apply_atkin_lehner(d, f))
+
+    def _compute_hecke_matrix_prime(self, l):
+        r"""
+        When the underlying coefficient module is finite, this
+        function computes the matrix of a (prime) Hecke operator in
+        the basis provided by the function basis_matrix
+
+        INPUT:
+
+        - ``l`` -- prime integer
+
+        OUTPUT:
+
+        The matrix of `T_l` acting on the cocycles in the basis given by
+        ``self.basis_matrix``.
+
+        EXAMPLES::
+
+            sage: X = BruhatTitsQuotient(3,11)
+            sage: H = X.harmonic_cocycles(4,prec=60)
+            sage: A = H.hecke_operator(7).matrix() # long time, indirect doctest
+            sage: [o.rational_reconstruction() for o in A.charpoly().coefficients()] # long time
+            [6496256, 1497856, -109040, -33600, -904, 32, 1]
+        """
+        return self.__compute_operator_matrix(lambda f: self.__apply_hecke_operator(l, f))
+
+    def __compute_operator_matrix(self, T):
+        r"""
+        Compute the matrix of the operator `T`.
+
+        Used primarily to compute matrices of Hecke operators
+        in a streamlined way.
+
+        INPUT:
+
+        - ``T`` -- a linear function on the space of harmonic cocycles
+
+        OUTPUT: the matrix of ``T`` acting on the space of harmonic cocycles
+
+        EXAMPLES::
+
+            sage: X = BruhatTitsQuotient(3,17)
+            sage: H = X.harmonic_cocycles(2,prec=10)
+            sage: A = H.hecke_operator(11).matrix() # indirect doctest
+            sage: [o.rational_reconstruction() for o in A.charpoly().coefficients()]
+            [-12, -1, 4, 1]
+        """
+        R = self._R
+        A = self.basis_matrix().transpose()
+        basis = self.basis()
+        B = zero_matrix(R, len(self._E) * (self._k - 1), self.dimension())
+        for rr in range(len(basis)):
+            g = T(basis[rr])
+            B.set_block(0, rr, Matrix(R, len(self._E) * (self._k - 1), 1, [g._F[e].moment(ii) for e in range(len(self._E)) for ii in range(self._k - 1)]))
+        try:
+            res = (A.solve_right(B)).transpose()
+        except ValueError:
+            rest = (A.transpose() * A).solve_right(A.transpose() * B)
+            err = A * rest - B
+            if err != 0:
+                try:
+                    if hasattr(err.parent().base_ring().an_element(),
+                               'valuation'):
+                        minval = min([o.valuation() for o in err.list()
+                                      if o != 0])
+                    else:
+                        minval = sum([RR(o.norm() ** 2) for o in err.list()])
+                    verbose('Error = %s' % minval)
+                except AttributeError:
+                    verbose('Warning: something did not work in the computation')
+            res = rest.transpose()
+        res.set_immutable()
+        return res
+
+# class BruhatTitsHarmonicCocyclesSubmodule(BruhatTitsHarmonicCocycles,sage.modular.hecke.submodule.HeckeSubmodule):
+#     r"""
+#     Submodule of a space of BruhatTitsHarmonicCocycles.
+#
+#     INPUT:
+#
+#     - ``x`` -- integer (default: 1)
+#
+#     - ``y`` -- integer (default: 2)
+#
+#     EXAMPLES::
+#
+#         sage: X = BruhatTitsQuotient(3,17)
+#         sage: H = X.harmonic_cocycles(2,prec=10)
+#         sage: N = H.free_module().span([H.an_element().element()])
+#         sage: H1 = H.submodule(N) # indirect doctest
+#         sage: H1
+#         Subspace of Space of harmonic cocycles of weight 2 on Quotient of the Bruhat Tits tree of GL_2(QQ_3) with discriminant 17 and level 1 of dimension 1
+#
+#     AUTHOR:
+#
+#     - Marc Masdeu (2012-02-20)
+#     """
+#     def __init__(self, ambient_module, submodule, check):
+#         """
+#         Submodule of harmonic cocycles.
+#
+#         INPUT:
+#
+#         - ``ambient_module`` -- BruhatTitsHarmonicCocycles
+#
+#         - ``submodule`` -- submodule of the ambient space
+#
+#         - ``check`` -- boolean (default: ``False``); whether to check that the
+#           submodule is Hecke equivariant
+#
+#         EXAMPLES::
+#
+#             sage: X = BruhatTitsQuotient(3,17)
+#             sage: H = X.harmonic_cocycles(2,prec=10)
+#             sage: N = H.free_module().span([H.an_element().element()])
+#             sage: H1 = H.submodule(N)
+#             sage: TestSuite(H1).run()
+#         """
+#         A = ambient_module
+#         self.__rank = submodule.dimension()
+#         basis_matrix = submodule.basis_matrix()*A.basis_matrix()
+#         basis_matrix.set_immutable()
+#         BruhatTitsHarmonicCocycles.__init__(self,A._X,A._k,A._prec,basis_matrix,A.base_ring())
+#
+#     def rank(self):
+#         r"""
+#         Returns the rank (dimension) of the submodule.
+#
+#         OUTPUT:
+#
+#         Integer - The rank of ``self``.
+#
+#         EXAMPLES::
+#
+#             sage: X = BruhatTitsQuotient(3,17)
+#             sage: H = X.harmonic_cocycles(2,prec=10)
+#             sage: N = H.free_module().span([H.an_element().element()])
+#             sage: H1 = H.submodule(basis = [H.an_element()])
+#             sage: H1.rank()
+#             1
+#         """
+#         return self.__rank
+#
+#     def _repr_(self):
+#         r"""
+#         Returns the representation of self as a string.
+#
+#         OUTPUT:
+#
+#         String representation of self.
+#
+#         EXAMPLES::
+#
+#             sage: X = BruhatTitsQuotient(3,17)
+#             sage: H = X.harmonic_cocycles(2,prec=10)
+#             sage: N = H.free_module().span([H.an_element().element()])
+#             sage: H1=H.submodule(N)
+#             sage: H1
+#             Subspace of Space of harmonic cocycles of weight 2 on Quotient of the Bruhat Tits tree of GL_2(QQ_3) with discriminant 17 and level 1 of dimension 1
+#         """
+#         return "Subspace of %s of dimension %s"%(self.ambient(),self.dimension())
+
+
+class pAdicAutomorphicFormElement(ModuleElement):
+    r"""
+    Rudimentary implementation of a class for a `p`-adic
+    automorphic form on a definite quaternion algebra over `\QQ`. These
+    are required in order to compute moments of measures associated to
+    harmonic cocycles on the Bruhat-Tits tree using the overconvergent modules
+    of Darmon-Pollack and Matt Greenberg. See Greenberg's thesis [Gr2006]_ for
+    more details.
+
+    INPUT:
+
+    - ``vec`` -- a preformatted list of data
+
+    EXAMPLES::
+
+        sage: X = BruhatTitsQuotient(17,3)
+        sage: H = X.harmonic_cocycles(2,prec=10)
+        sage: h = H.an_element()
+        sage: HH = X.padic_automorphic_forms(2,10)
+        sage: a = HH(h)
+        sage: a
+        p-adic automorphic form of cohomological weight 0
+
+    AUTHORS:
+
+    - Cameron Franc (2012-02-20)
+    - Marc Masdeu
+    """
+    def __init__(self, parent, vec):
+        """
+        Create a pAdicAutomorphicFormElement.
+
+        EXAMPLES::
+
+            sage: X = BruhatTitsQuotient(17,3)
+            sage: A = X.padic_automorphic_forms(2,prec=10)
+            sage: TestSuite(A.an_element()).run()
+        """
+        self._num_generators = len(parent._list)
+        self._cached_values = {}
+        self._R = Qp(parent.prime(), prec=parent._prec)
+        self._value = [parent._U(v) for v in vec]
+        ModuleElement.__init__(self, parent)
+
+    def _add_(self, g):
+        r"""
+        This function adds two `p`-adic automorphic forms.
+
+        INPUT:
+
+        - ``g`` -- a `p`-adic automorphic form
+
+        OUTPUT: the result of adding ``g`` to ``self``
+
+        EXAMPLES::
+
+            sage: X = BruhatTitsQuotient(17,3)
+            sage: A = X.padic_automorphic_forms(2,prec=10)
+            sage: a = A.an_element()
+            sage: b = a + a # indirect doctest
+        """
+        # Should ensure that self and g are of the same weight and on
+        # the same curve
+        vec = [self._value[e] + g._value[e]
+               for e in range(self._num_generators)]
+        return self.parent()(vec)
+
+    def _sub_(self, g):
+        r"""
+        This function subtracts a `p`-adic automorphic form from another.
+
+        INPUT:
+
+        - ``g`` -- a `p`-adic automorphic form
+
+        OUTPUT: the result of subtracting ``g`` from ``self``
+
+        EXAMPLES::
+
+            sage: X = BruhatTitsQuotient(17,3)
+            sage: A = X.padic_automorphic_forms(2,prec=10)
+            sage: a = A.an_element()
+            sage: b = a - a # indirect doctest
+            sage: b == 0
+            True
+        """
+        # Should ensure that self and g are of the same weight and on
+        # the same curve
+        vec = [self._value[e] - g._value[e]
+               for e in range(self._num_generators)]
+        return self.parent()(vec)
+
+    def _richcmp_(self, other, op):
+        r"""
+        Test for equality of pAdicAutomorphicForm elements.
+
+        INPUT:
+
+        - ``other`` -- another `p`-automorphic form
+
+        EXAMPLES::
+
+            sage: X = BruhatTitsQuotient(5,23)
+            sage: H = X.harmonic_cocycles(2,prec=10)
+            sage: A = X.padic_automorphic_forms(2,prec=10)
+            sage: v1 = A(H.basis()[0])
+            sage: v2 = 3*v1
+            sage: 2*v1 == v2-v1 # indirect doctest
+            True
+        """
+        if op not in [op_EQ, op_NE]:
+            return NotImplemented
+
+        b = all(self._value[e] == other._value[e]
+                for e in range(self._num_generators))
+        if op == op_EQ:
+            return b
+        return not b
+
+    def __bool__(self):
+        """
+        Tell whether the form is zero or not.
+
+        OUTPUT: boolean; whether ``self`` is zero
+
+        EXAMPLES::
+
+            sage: X = BruhatTitsQuotient(5,23)
+            sage: H = X.harmonic_cocycles(4,prec = 20)
+            sage: A = X.padic_automorphic_forms(4,prec = 20)
+            sage: v1 = A(H.basis()[1])
+            sage: bool(v1)
+            True
+            sage: v2 = v1-v1
+            sage: bool(v2)
+            False
+        """
+        return any(not o.is_zero() for o in self._value)
+
+    def __getitem__(self, e1):
+        r"""
+        Evaluate a `p`-adic automorphic form on a matrix in `GL_2(\QQ_p)`.
+
+        INPUT:
+
+        - ``e1`` -- a matrix in `GL_2(\QQ_p)`
+
+        OUTPUT: the value of ``self`` evaluated on ``e1``
+
+        EXAMPLES::
+
+            sage: X = BruhatTitsQuotient(17,3)
+            sage: M = X.harmonic_cocycles(2,prec=5)
+            sage: A = X.padic_automorphic_forms(2,prec=5)
+            sage: a = A(M.gen(0))
+            sage: a[Matrix(ZZ,2,2,[1,2,3,4])]
+            8 + 8*17 + 8*17^2 + 8*17^3 + 8*17^4 + O(17^5)
+        """
+        return self.evaluate(e1)
+
+    def evaluate(self, e1):
+        r"""
+        Evaluate a `p`-adic automorphic form on a matrix in `GL_2(\QQ_p)`.
+
+        INPUT:
+
+        - ``e1`` -- a matrix in `GL_2(\QQ_p)`
+
+        OUTPUT: the value of ``self`` evaluated on ``e1``
+
+        EXAMPLES::
+
+            sage: X = BruhatTitsQuotient(7,5)
+            sage: M = X.harmonic_cocycles(2,prec=5)
+            sage: A = X.padic_automorphic_forms(2,prec=5)
+            sage: a = A(M.basis()[0])
+            sage: a.evaluate(Matrix(ZZ,2,2,[1,2,3,1]))
+            4 + 6*7 + 6*7^2 + 6*7^3 + 6*7^4 + O(7^5)
+            sage: a.evaluate(Matrix(ZZ,2,2,[17,0,0,1]))
+            1 + O(7^5)
+        """
+        X = self.parent()._source
+        p = self.parent().prime()
+        u = DoubleCosetReduction(X, e1)
+        tmp = ((u.t(self.parent()._U.base_ring().precision_cap())) * p ** (u.power)).adjugate()
+        S0 = self.parent()._Sigma0
+        return S0(tmp, check=False) * self._value[u.label]
+        # Warning! Should remove check=False...
+
+    def _lmul_(self, a):
+        r"""
+        Multiply the automorphic form by a scalar.
+
+        INPUT:
+
+        - ``a`` -- a scalar
+
+        EXAMPLES::
+
+            sage: X = BruhatTitsQuotient(17,3)
+            sage: M = X.harmonic_cocycles(2,prec=5)
+            sage: A = X.padic_automorphic_forms(2,prec=5)
+            sage: a = A(M.basis()[0])
+            sage: a.evaluate(Matrix(ZZ,2,2,[1,2,3,4]))
+            8 + 8*17 + 8*17^2 + 8*17^3 + 8*17^4 + O(17^5)
+            sage: b = 2*a # indirect doctest
+            sage: b.evaluate(Matrix(ZZ,2,2,[1,2,3,4]))
+            16 + 16*17 + 16*17^2 + 16*17^3 + 16*17^4 + O(17^5)
+        """
+        # Should ensure that 'a' is a scalar
+        return self.parent()([a * self._value[e]
+                              for e in range(self._num_generators)])
+
+    def _repr_(self):
+        r"""
+        This returns the representation of ``self`` as a string.
+
+        If ``self`` corresponds to a modular form of weight `k`, then the
+        cohomological weight is `k-2`.
+
+        EXAMPLES::
+
+            sage: X = BruhatTitsQuotient(17,3)
+            sage: A = X.padic_automorphic_forms(2,prec=10)
+            sage: a = A.an_element()
+            sage: a # indirect doctest
+            p-adic automorphic form of cohomological weight 0
+        """
+        return 'p-adic automorphic form of cohomological weight %s' % self.parent()._U.weight()
+
+    def valuation(self):
+        r"""
+        The valuation of ``self``, defined as the minimum of the
+        valuations of the values that it takes on a set of edge
+        representatives.
+
+        OUTPUT: integer
+
+        EXAMPLES::
+
+            sage: X = BruhatTitsQuotient(17,3)
+            sage: M = X.harmonic_cocycles(2,prec=10)
+            sage: A = X.padic_automorphic_forms(2,prec=10)
+            sage: a = A(M.gen(0))
+            sage: a.valuation()
+            0
+            sage: (17*a).valuation()
+            1
+        """
+        return min(self._value[e].valuation()
+                   for e in range(self._num_generators))
+
+    def _improve(self, hc):
+        r"""
+        Repeatedly apply the `U_p` operator to a `p`-adic
+        automorphic form. This is used to compute moments of a measure
+        associated to a rigid modular form in the following way: lift
+        a rigid modular form to an overconvergent `p`-adic
+        automorphic form in any way, and then repeatedly apply `U_p`
+        to project to the ordinary part.  The resulting form encodes
+        the moments of the measure of the original rigid modular form
+        (assuming it is ordinary).
+
+        EXAMPLES::
+
+            sage: X = BruhatTitsQuotient(7,2)
+            sage: H = X.harmonic_cocycles(2,prec = 10)
+            sage: h = H.gen(0)
+            sage: A = X.padic_automorphic_forms(2,prec = 10,overconvergent=True)
+            sage: a = A.lift(h) # indirect doctest
+
+        REFERENCES:
+
+        For details see [Gr2006]_. Alternatively, one can look at
+        [DP]_ for the analogous algorithm in the case of modular symbols.
+
+        AUTHORS:
+
+        - Cameron Franc (2012-02-20)
+        - Marc Masdeu
+        """
+        MMM = self.parent()
+        U = MMM._U
+
+        h1 = MMM([o.lift(M=MMM.precision_cap()) for o in self._value])
+        h2 = MMM._apply_Up_operator(h1, True)
+        verbose("Applied Up once")
+        ii = 0
+        current_val = 0
+        init_val = self.valuation()
+        old_val = init_val - 1
+        while current_val > old_val:
+            old_val = current_val
+            ii += 1
+            h1._value = [U(c) for c in h2._value]
+            h2 = MMM._apply_Up_operator(h1, True)
+            current_val = (h2 - h1).valuation() - init_val
+            verbose('val  = %s' % current_val)
+            if current_val is Infinity:
+                break
+            verbose('Applied Up %s times' % (ii + 1))
+        return h2
+
+    def integrate(self, f, center=1, level=0, method='moments'):
+        r"""
+        Calculate
+
+        .. MATH::
+
+            \int_{\mathbf{P}^1(\QQ_p)} f(x)d\mu(x)
+
+        were `\mu` is the measure associated to ``self``.
+
+        INPUT:
+
+        - ``f`` -- an analytic function
+
+        - ``center`` -- 2x2 matrix over `\QQ_p` (default: 1)
+
+        - ``level`` -- integer (default: 0)
+
+        - ``method`` -- string (default: ``'moments'``); which method of
+          integration to use. Either ``'moments'`` or ``'riemann_sum'``.
+
+        EXAMPLES:
+
+        Integrating the Poisson kernel against a measure yields a
+        value of the associated modular form. Such values can be
+        computed efficiently using the overconvergent method, as long
+        as one starts with an ordinary form::
+
+            sage: X = BruhatTitsQuotient(7,2)
+            sage: X.genus()
+            1
+
+        Since the genus is 1, the space of weight 2 forms is 1
+        dimensional. Hence any nonzero form will be a `U_7`
+        eigenvector. By Jacquet-Langlands and Cerednik-Drinfeld, in
+        this case the Hecke eigenvalues correspond to that of any
+        nonzero form on `\Gamma_0(14)` of weight `2`. Such a form is
+        ordinary at `7`, and so we can apply the overconvergent method
+        directly to this form without `p`-stabilizing::
+
+            sage: H = X.harmonic_cocycles(2,prec = 5)
+            sage: h = H.gen(0)
+            sage: A = X.padic_automorphic_forms(2,prec = 5,overconvergent=True)
+            sage: a = A.lift(h)
+            sage: a._value[0].moment(2)
+            2 + 6*7 + 4*7^2 + 4*7^3 + 6*7^4 + O(7^5)
+
+        Now that we've lifted our harmonic cocycle to an
+        overconvergent automorphic form we simply need to define the
+        Teitelbaum-Poisson Kernel, and then integrate::
+
+            sage: Kp.<x> = Qq(49,prec = 5)
+            sage: z = Kp['z'].gen()
+            sage: f = 1/(z-x)
+            sage: a.integrate(f)
+            (5*x + 5) + (4*x + 4)*7 + (5*x + 5)*7^2 + (5*x + 6)*7^3 + O(7^5)
+
+        AUTHORS:
+
+        - Cameron Franc (2012-02-20)
+        - Marc Masdeu (2012-02-20)
+        """
+        E = self.parent()._source._BT.get_balls(center, level)
+        R1 = LaurentSeriesRing(f.base_ring(), 'r1', default_prec=self.parent()._U.base_ring().precision_cap() + 1)
+        R2 = PolynomialRing(f.base_ring(), 'x')
+        x = R2.gen()
+        value = 0
+        if method == 'riemann_sum':
+            for e in E:
+                exp = ((R1([e[1, 1], e[1, 0]])) ** (self.parent()._U.weight()) * e.determinant() ** (-(self.parent()._U.weight()) / 2)) * f(R1([e[0, 1], e[0, 0]]) / R1([e[1, 1], e[1, 0]]))
+                new = eval_dist_at_powseries(self.evaluate(e), exp.truncate(self.parent()._U.weight() + 1))
+                value += new
+        elif method == 'moments':
+            n = self.parent()._U.weight()
+            for e in E:
+                a, b, c, d = e.list()
+                delta = e.determinant()
+                verbose('%s' % (R2([e[0, 1], e[0, 0]])
+                                / R2([e[1, 1], e[1, 0]])))
+                tmp = ((c * x + d) ** n * delta ** -ZZ(n // 2)) * f((a * x + b) / (c * x + d))
+                exp = R1(tmp.numerator()) / R1(tmp.denominator())
+                new = eval_dist_at_powseries(self.evaluate(e), exp)
+
+                value += new
+        else:
+            print('The available methods are either "moments" or "riemann_sum". The latter is only provided for consistency check, and should never be used.')
+            return False
+        return value
+
+    def modular_form(self, z=None, level=0, method='moments'):
+        r"""
+        Return the modular form corresponding to ``self``.
+
+        INPUT:
+
+        - ``z`` -- (default: ``None``) if specified, returns the value of
+          the form at the point ``z`` in the `p`-adic upper half
+          plane
+
+        - ``level`` -- integer (default: 0); if ``method`` is
+          'riemann_sum', will use a covering of `P^1(\QQ_p)` with
+          balls of size `p^-\mbox{level}`
+
+        - ``method`` -- string (default: ``'moments'``); it must be
+          either ``'moments'`` or ``'riemann_sum'``
+
+        OUTPUT:
+
+        A function from the `p`-adic upper half plane to `\CC_p`. If
+        an argument ``z`` was passed, returns instead the value at
+        that point.
+
+        EXAMPLES:
+
+        Integrating the Poisson kernel against a measure yields a
+        value of the associated modular form. Such values can be
+        computed efficiently using the overconvergent method, as long
+        as one starts with an ordinary form::
+
+            sage: X = BruhatTitsQuotient(7, 2)
+            sage: X.genus()
+            1
+
+        Since the genus is 1, the space of weight 2 forms is 1
+        dimensional. Hence any nonzero form will be a `U_7`
+        eigenvector. By Jacquet-Langlands and Cerednik-Drinfeld, in
+        this case the Hecke eigenvalues correspond to that of any
+        nonzero form on `\Gamma_0(14)` of weight `2`. Such a form is
+        ordinary at `7`, and so we can apply the overconvergent method
+        directly to this form without `p`-stabilizing::
+
+            sage: H = X.harmonic_cocycles(2,prec = 5)
+            sage: A = X.padic_automorphic_forms(2,prec = 5,overconvergent=True)
+            sage: f0 = A.lift(H.basis()[0])
+
+        Now that we've lifted our harmonic cocycle to an
+        overconvergent automorphic form, we extract the associated
+        modular form as a function and test the modular property::
+
+            sage: T.<x> = Qq(7^2,prec = 5)
+            sage: f = f0.modular_form(method = 'moments')
+            sage: a,b,c,d = X.embed_quaternion(X.get_units_of_order()[1]).change_ring(T.base_ring()).list()
+            sage: ((c*x + d)^2*f(x)-f((a*x + b)/(c*x + d))).valuation()
+            5
+        """
+        return self.derivative(z, level, method, order=0)
+
+    def derivative(self, z=None, level=0, method='moments', order=1):
+        r"""
+        Return the derivative of the modular form corresponding to
+        ``self``.
+
+        INPUT:
+
+        - ``z`` -- (default: ``None``) if specified, evaluates the derivative
+          at the point ``z`` in the `p`-adic upper half plane
+
+        - ``level`` -- integer (default: 0); if ``method`` is
+          'riemann_sum', will use a covering of `P^1(\QQ_p)` with
+          balls of size `p^-\mbox{level}`.
+
+        - ``method`` -- string (default: ``'moments'``); it must be
+          either ``'moments'`` or ``'riemann_sum'``
+
+        - ``order`` -- integer (default: 1); the order of the
+          derivative to be computed
+
+        OUTPUT:
+
+        A function from the `p`-adic upper half plane to `\CC_p`. If
+        an argument ``z`` was passed, returns instead the value of
+        the derivative at that point.
+
+        EXAMPLES:
+
+        Integrating the Poisson kernel against a measure yields a
+        value of the associated modular form. Such values can be
+        computed efficiently using the overconvergent method, as long
+        as one starts with an ordinary form::
+
+            sage: X = BruhatTitsQuotient(7, 2)
+            sage: X.genus()
+            1
+
+        Since the genus is 1, the space of weight 2 forms is 1
+        dimensional. Hence any nonzero form will be a `U_7`
+        eigenvector. By Jacquet-Langlands and Cerednik-Drinfeld, in
+        this case the Hecke eigenvalues correspond to that of any
+        nonzero form on `\Gamma_0(14)` of weight `2`. Such a form is
+        ordinary at `7`, and so we can apply the overconvergent method
+        directly to this form without `p`-stabilizing::
+
+            sage: H = X.harmonic_cocycles(2,prec=5)
+            sage: h = H.gen(0)
+            sage: A = X.padic_automorphic_forms(2,prec=5,overconvergent=True)
+            sage: f0 = A.lift(h)
+
+        Now that we've lifted our harmonic cocycle to an
+        overconvergent automorphic form, we extract the associated
+        modular form as a function and test the modular property::
+
+            sage: T.<x> = Qq(49,prec=10)
+            sage: f = f0.modular_form()
+            sage: g = X.get_embedding_matrix()*X.get_units_of_order()[1]
+            sage: a,b,c,d = g.change_ring(T).list()
+            sage: (c*x +d)^2*f(x)-f((a*x + b)/(c*x + d))
+            O(7^5)
+
+        We can also compute the Shimura-Maass derivative, which is a
+        nearly rigid analytic modular forms of weight 4::
+
+            sage: f = f0.derivative()
+            sage: (c*x + d)^4*f(x)-f((a*x + b)/(c*x + d))
+            O(7^5)
+        """
+        def F(z, level=level, method=method):
+            R = PolynomialRing(z.parent(), 'x,y').fraction_field()
+            Rx = PolynomialRing(z.parent(), 'x1').fraction_field()
+            x1 = Rx.gen()
+            subst = R.hom([x1, z], codomain=Rx)
+            x, y = R.gens()
+            center = self.parent()._source._BT.find_containing_affinoid(z)
+            zbar = z.trace() - z
+            f = R(1) / (x - y)
+            k = self.parent()._n + 2
+            V = [f]
+            for ii in range(order):
+                V = [v.derivative(y) for v in V] + [k / (y - zbar) * v
+                                                    for v in V]
+                k += 2
+            return sum(self.integrate(subst(v), center, level, method)
+                       for v in V)
+        if z is None:
+            return F
+
+        return F(z, level, method)
+
+    # So far we cannot break it into two integrals because of the pole
+    # at infinity.
+    def coleman(self, t1, t2, E=None, method='moments', mult=False):
+        r"""
+        If ``self`` is a `p`-adic automorphic form that
+        corresponds to a rigid modular form, then this computes the
+        Coleman integral of this form between two points on the
+        boundary `P^1(\QQ_p)` of the `p`-adic upper half plane.
+
+        INPUT:
+
+        - ``t1``, ``t2`` -- elements of `P^1(\QQ_p)` (the endpoints
+          of integration)
+
+        - ``E`` -- (default: ``None``) if specified, will not compute the
+          covering adapted to ``t1`` and ``t2`` and instead use the
+          given one. In that case, ``E`` should be a list of matrices
+          corresponding to edges describing the open balls to be
+          considered.
+
+        - ``method`` -- string (default: ``'moments'``); tells which
+          algorithm to use (alternative is ``'riemann_sum'``, which is
+          unsuitable for computations requiring high precision)
+
+        - ``mult`` -- boolean (default: ``False``); whether to compute the
+          multiplicative version
+
+        OUTPUT: the result of the Coleman integral
+
+        EXAMPLES::
+
+            sage: p = 7
+            sage: lev = 2
+            sage: prec = 10
+            sage: X = BruhatTitsQuotient(p, lev)
+            sage: k = 2
+            sage: M = X.harmonic_cocycles(k, prec)
+            sage: B = M.basis()
+            sage: f = 3*B[0]
+            sage: MM = X.padic_automorphic_forms(k, prec, overconvergent=True)
+            sage: D = -11
+            sage: X.is_admissible(D)
+            True
+            sage: K.<a> = QuadraticField(D)
+            sage: Kp.<g> = Qq(p**2, prec)
+            sage: P = Kp.gen()
+            sage: Q = 2 + Kp.gen() + p*(Kp.gen()+1)
+            sage: F = MM.lift(f)  # long time
+            sage: J0 = F.coleman(P, Q, mult=True)  # long time
+
+        AUTHORS:
+
+        - Cameron Franc (2012-02-20)
+        - Marc Masdeu (2012-02-20)
+        """
+        p = self.parent().prime()
+        K = t1.parent()
+        R = PolynomialRing(K, 'x')
+        x = R.gen()
+        R1 = LaurentSeriesRing(K, 'r1', default_prec=self.parent()._U.base_ring().precision_cap())
+        if E is None:
+            E = self.parent()._source._BT.find_covering(t1, t2)
+        value = 0
+        value_exp = K(1)
+        if method == 'riemann_sum':
+            for e in E:
+                b = e[0, 1]
+                d = e[1, 1]
+                y = (b - d * t1) / (b - d * t2)
+                poly = R1(y.log())
+                c_e = self.evaluate(e)
+                new = eval_dist_at_powseries(c_e, poly)
+                value += new
+                if mult:
+                    value_exp *= K.teichmuller(y) ** Integer(c_e.moment(0).rational_reconstruction())
+
+        elif method == 'moments':
+            for e in E:
+                f = (x - t1) / (x - t2)
+                a, b, c, d = e.list()
+                y0 = f(R1([b, a]) / R1([d, c]))  # f( (ax+b)/(cx+d) )
+                y0 = p ** (-y0(ZZ(0)).valuation()) * y0
+                mu = K.teichmuller(y0(ZZ(0)))
+                y = y0 / mu - 1
+                poly = R1(0)
+                ypow = y
+                for jj in range(1, R1.default_prec() + 10):
+                    poly += (-1) ** (jj + 1) * ypow / jj
+                    ypow *= y
+                c_e = self.evaluate(e)
+                new = eval_dist_at_powseries(c_e, poly)
+                if hasattr(new, 'degree'):
+                    assert 0
+                value += new
+                if mult:
+                    value_exp *= K.teichmuller((b - d * t1) / (b - d * t2)) ** Integer(c_e.moment(0).rational_reconstruction())
+
+        else:
+            print('The available methods are either "moments" or "riemann_sum". The latter is only provided for consistency check, and should not be used in practice.')
+            return False
+        if mult:
+            return K.teichmuller(value_exp) * value.exp()
+        return value
+
+
+class pAdicAutomorphicForms(Module, UniqueRepresentation):
+    Element = pAdicAutomorphicFormElement
+
+    @staticmethod
+    def __classcall__(cls, domain, U, prec=None, t=None, R=None,
+                      overconvergent=False):
+        r"""
+        The module of (quaternionic) `p`-adic automorphic forms.
+
+        INPUT:
+
+        - ``domain`` -- a BruhatTitsQuotient
+
+        - ``U`` -- a distributions module or an integer. If ``U`` is a
+          distributions module then this creates the relevant space of
+          automorphic forms. If ``U`` is an integer then the coefficients
+          are the (`U-2`)nd power of the symmetric representation of
+          `GL_2(\QQ_p)`.
+
+        - ``prec`` -- a precision (default: ``None``); if not ``None`` should
+          be a positive integer
+
+        - ``t`` -- (default: ``None``) the number of additional moments to
+          store. If ``None``, determine it automatically from ``prec``, ``U``
+          and the ``overconvergent`` flag.
+
+        - ``R`` -- (default: ``None``) if specified, coefficient field of the automorphic forms.
+          If not specified it defaults to the base ring of the distributions ``U``, or to `Q_p`
+          with the working precision ``prec``.
+
+        - ``overconvergent`` -- boolean (default: ``False``); if ``True``, will construct overconvergent
+          `p`-adic automorphic forms. Otherwise it constructs the finite dimensional space of
+          `p`-adic automorphic forms which is isomorphic to the space of harmonic cocycles.
+
+        EXAMPLES:
+
+        The space of weight 2 p-automorphic forms is isomorphic with
+        the space of scalar valued invariant harmonic cocycles::
+
+            sage: X = BruhatTitsQuotient(11,5)
+            sage: H0 = X.padic_automorphic_forms(2,10)
+            sage: H1 = X.padic_automorphic_forms(2,prec = 10)
+            sage: H0 == H1
+            True
+
+        AUTHORS:
+
+        - Cameron Franc (2012-02-20)
+        - Marc Masdeu (2012-02-20)
+        """
+        return super().__classcall__(cls, domain, U,
+                                     prec, t, R,
+                                     overconvergent)
+
+    def __init__(self, domain, U, prec=None, t=None, R=None,
+                 overconvergent=False):
+        """
+        Create a space of `p`-automorphic forms.
+
+        EXAMPLES::
+
+            sage: X = BruhatTitsQuotient(11,5)
+            sage: H = X.harmonic_cocycles(2,prec=10)
+            sage: A = X.padic_automorphic_forms(2,prec=10)
+            sage: TestSuite(A).run()
+        """
+        if R is None:
+            if not isinstance(U, Integer):
+                self._R = U.base_ring()
+            else:
+                if prec is None:
+                    prec = 100
+                self._R = Qp(domain._p, prec)
+        else:
+            self._R = R
+        # U is a CoefficientModuleSpace
+        if isinstance(U, Integer):
+            if t is None:
+                if overconvergent:
+                    t = prec - U + 1
+                else:
+                    t = 0
+            if overconvergent:
+                self._U = OverconvergentDistributions(U - 2, base=self._R,
+                                                      prec_cap=U - 1 + t,
+                                                      act_on_left=True,
+                                                      adjuster=_btquot_adjuster(),
+                                                      dettwist=-ZZ((U - 2) // 2),
+                                                      act_padic=True)
+            else:
+                self._U = Symk(U - 2, base=self._R, act_on_left=True,
+                               adjuster=_btquot_adjuster(),
+                               dettwist=-ZZ((U - 2) // 2),
+                               act_padic=True)
+        else:
+            self._U = U
+        self._source = domain
+        self._list = self._source.get_list()  # Contains also the opposite edges
+        self._prec = self._R.precision_cap()
+        self._n = self._U.weight()
+        self._p = self._source._p
+
+        self._Sigma0 = self._U._act._Sigma0
+
+        Module.__init__(self, base=self._R)
+        self._populate_coercion_lists_()
+
+    def prime(self):
+        """
+        Return the underlying prime.
+
+        OUTPUT: ``p`` -- prime integer
+
+        EXAMPLES::
+
+            sage: X = BruhatTitsQuotient(11,5)
+            sage: H = X.harmonic_cocycles(2,prec = 10)
+            sage: A = X.padic_automorphic_forms(2,prec = 10)
+            sage: A.prime()
+            11
+        """
+        return self._p
+
+    def zero(self):
+        r"""
+        Return the zero element of ``self``.
+
+        EXAMPLES::
+
+            sage: X = BruhatTitsQuotient(5, 7)
+            sage: H1 = X.padic_automorphic_forms( 2, prec=10)
+            sage: H1.zero() == 0
+            True
+        """
+        return self.element_class(self, [self._U(0) for o in self._list])
+
+    def __eq__(self, other):
+        r"""
+        Test whether two pAdicAutomorphicForm spaces are equal.
+
+        INPUT:
+
+        - ``other`` -- another space of `p`-automorphic forms
+
+        OUTPUT: boolean
+
+        EXAMPLES::
+
+            sage: X = BruhatTitsQuotient(5,7)
+            sage: H1 = X.padic_automorphic_forms(2,prec = 10)
+            sage: H2 = X.padic_automorphic_forms(2,prec = 10)
+            sage: H1 == H2
+            True
+        """
+        if not isinstance(other, pAdicAutomorphicForms):
+            return False
+
+        return (self.base_ring() == other.base_ring() and
+                self._source == other._source and
+                self._U == other._U)
+
+    def __ne__(self, other):
+        r"""
+        Test whether two pAdicAutomorphicForm spaces are not equal.
+
+        INPUT:
+
+        - ``other`` -- another space of `p`-automorphic forms
+
+        OUTPUT: boolean
+
+        EXAMPLES::
+
+            sage: X = BruhatTitsQuotient(5,7)
+            sage: H1 = X.padic_automorphic_forms(2,prec = 10)
+            sage: H2 = X.padic_automorphic_forms(2,prec = 10)
+            sage: H1 == H2
+            True
+        """
+        return not self.__eq__(other)
+
+    def __hash__(self):
+        """
+        Return the hash of ``self``.
+
+        EXAMPLES::
+
+            sage: X = BruhatTitsQuotient(5,7)
+            sage: H1 = X.padic_automorphic_forms(2,prec = 10)
+            sage: H2 = X.padic_automorphic_forms(2,prec = 10)
+            sage: hash(H1) == hash(H2)
+            True
+        """
+        return hash((self.base_ring(), self._source, self._U))
+
+    def _repr_(self):
+        r"""
+        Return the representation of ``self`` as a string.
+
+        EXAMPLES::
+
+            sage: X = BruhatTitsQuotient(3,7)
+            sage: A = X.padic_automorphic_forms(2,prec = 10)
+            sage: A # indirect doctest
+            Space of automorphic forms on Quotient of the Bruhat Tits tree of GL_2(QQ_3) with discriminant 7 and level 1 with values in Sym^0 Q_3^2
+        """
+        s = 'Space of automorphic forms on '
+        s += str(self._source)
+        s += ' with values in ' + str(self._U)
+        return s
+
+    def _coerce_map_from_(self, S):
+        r"""
+        Can coerce from other BruhatTitsHarmonicCocycles or from pAdicAutomorphicForms.
+
+        INPUT:
+
+        - ``S`` -- a BruhatTitsHarmonicCocycle or pAdicAutomorphicForm
+
+        OUTPUT: boolean; ``True`` if and only if `S` is coercible into ``self``
+
+        EXAMPLES::
+
+            sage: X = BruhatTitsQuotient(3,7)
+            sage: H = X.harmonic_cocycles(2,prec=10)
+            sage: A = X.padic_automorphic_forms(2,prec=10)
+            sage: A._coerce_map_from_(H)
+            True
+        """
+        if isinstance(S, BruhatTitsHarmonicCocycles):
+            if S.weight() - 2 != self._n:
+                return False
+            if S._X != self._source:
+                return False
+            return True
+        if isinstance(S, pAdicAutomorphicForms):
+            if S._n != self._n:
+                return False
+            if S._source != self._source:
+                return False
+            return True
+        return False
+
+    def _element_constructor_(self, data):
+        r"""
+        Construct a `p`-automorphic form.
+
+        INPUT:
+
+        - ``data`` -- defining data. Can be either a harmonic cocycle, or a `p`-adic automorphic form,
+          or a list of elements coercible into the module of coefficients of ``self``
+
+        OUTPUT: a `p`-adic automorphic form
+
+        EXAMPLES::
+
+            sage: X = BruhatTitsQuotient(13,5)
+            sage: H = X.harmonic_cocycles(2,prec=10)
+            sage: h = H.an_element()  # indirect doctest
+            sage: A = X.padic_automorphic_forms(2,prec=10)
+            sage: A(h)
+            p-adic automorphic form of cohomological weight 0
+        """
+        # Code how to coerce x into the space
+        # Admissible values of x?
+        if isinstance(data, list):
+            return self.element_class(self, [self._U(o, normalize=False) for o in data])
+
+        if isinstance(data, pAdicAutomorphicFormElement):
+            vals = [self._U(o, normalize=False) for o in data._value]
+            return self.element_class(self, vals)
+
+        if isinstance(data, BruhatTitsHarmonicCocycleElement):
+            E = self._list
+            tmp = []
+            F = []
+            Uold = data.parent()._U
+            for ii in range(len(data._F)):
+                newtmp = data.parent()._Sigma0(E[ii].rep.inverse(), check=False) * Uold(data._F[ii],
+                                                                                        normalize=False)
+                tmp.append(newtmp)
+                F.append(newtmp)
+            A = data.parent()._Sigma0(Matrix(QQ, 2, 2, [0, ~self.prime(), 1, 0]), check=False)
+            F.extend(-(A * tmp[ii]) for ii in range(len(data._F)))
+            vals = self._make_invariant([self._U(o, normalize=False) for o in F])
+            return self.element_class(self, vals)
+        if data == 0:
+            return self.zero()
+
+    def _an_element_(self):
+        r"""
+        Return an element of the module.
+
+        OUTPUT: a harmonic cocycle
+
+        EXAMPLES::
+
+            sage: X = BruhatTitsQuotient(13,5)
+            sage: A = X.padic_automorphic_forms(2,prec=10)
+            sage: A.an_element() # indirect doctest
+            p-adic automorphic form of cohomological weight 0
+        """
+        return self(0)
+
+    def precision_cap(self):
+        """
+        Return the precision of ``self``.
+
+        OUTPUT: integer
+
+        EXAMPLES::
+
+            sage: X = BruhatTitsQuotient(13,11)
+            sage: A = X.padic_automorphic_forms(2,prec=10)
+            sage: A.precision_cap()
+            10
+        """
+        return self._prec
+
+    def lift(self, f):
+        r"""
+        Lift the harmonic cocycle ``f`` to a p-automorphic form.
+
+        If one is using overconvergent coefficients, then this will
+        compute all of the moments of the measure associated to ``f``.
+
+        INPUT:
+
+        - ``f`` -- a harmonic cocycle
+
+        OUTPUT: a `p`-adic automorphic form
+
+        EXAMPLES:
+
+        If one does not work with an overconvergent form then lift
+        does nothing::
+
+            sage: X = BruhatTitsQuotient(13,5)
+            sage: H = X.harmonic_cocycles(2,prec=10)
+            sage: h = H.gen(0)
+            sage: A = X.padic_automorphic_forms(2,prec=10)
+            sage: A.lift(h) # long time
+            p-adic automorphic form of cohomological weight 0
+
+        With overconvergent forms, the input is lifted naively and its
+        moments are computed::
+
+            sage: X = BruhatTitsQuotient(13,11)
+            sage: H = X.harmonic_cocycles(2,prec=5)
+            sage: A2 = X.padic_automorphic_forms(2,prec=5,overconvergent=True)
+            sage: a = H.gen(0)
+            sage: A2.lift(a) # long time
+            p-adic automorphic form of cohomological weight 0
+        """
+        return self(f)._improve(f)
+
+    def _make_invariant(self, F):
+        r"""
+        Naively lift a ``classical`` automorphic form to an
+        overconvergent form.
+
+        INPUT:
+
+        - ``F`` -- a classical (nonoverconvergent) pAdicAutomorphicForm or
+          BruhatTitsHarmonicCocycle
+
+        OUTPUT: an overconvergent pAdicAutomorphicForm
+
+        EXAMPLES::
+
+            sage: X = BruhatTitsQuotient(13,11)
+            sage: H = X.harmonic_cocycles(2,prec = 5)
+            sage: A = X.padic_automorphic_forms(2,prec = 5)
+            sage: h = H.basis()[0]
+            sage: A.lift(h)  # indirect doctest, long time
+            p-adic automorphic form of cohomological weight 0
+        """
+        S = self._source.get_stabilizers()
+        M = [e.rep for e in self._list]
+        newF = []
+        for ii in range(len(S)):
+            Si = S[ii]
+            x = self._U(F[ii], normalize=False)
+
+            if any(v[2] for v in Si):
+                newFi = self._U(0)
+                s = QQ(0)
+                m = M[ii]
+                for v in Si:
+                    s += 1
+                    g = self._Sigma0(m.adjugate() * self._source.embed_quaternion(v[0], prec=self._prec).adjugate() * m,
+                                     check=False)
+                    newFi += g * x
+                newF.append((QQ(1) / s) * newFi)
+            else:
+                newF.append(self._U(x, normalize=False))
+        return newF
+
+    def _apply_Up_operator(self, f, scale=False, original_moments=None):
+        r"""
+        Apply the Up operator to ``f``.
+
+        INPUT:
+
+        - ``f`` -- a `p`-adic automorphic form
+        - ``scale`` -- boolean (default: ``True``); whether to scale by the appropriate power of `p`
+          at each iteration
+
+        EXAMPLES::
+
+            sage: X = BruhatTitsQuotient(3,11)
+            sage: M = X.harmonic_cocycles(4,10)
+            sage: A = X.padic_automorphic_forms(4,10, overconvergent = True)
+            sage: F = A.lift(M.basis()[0]); F # indirect doctest
+            p-adic automorphic form of cohomological weight 2
+        """
+        HeckeData = self._source._get_Up_data()
+        S0 = f._value[0].parent()._act._Sigma0
+        prec_cap = self._U.base_ring().precision_cap()
+
+        if not scale:
+            factor = self._p ** (self._U.weight() // 2)
+        else:
+            factor = 1
+
+        # Save original moments
+        if original_moments is None:
+            original_moments = [[fval._moments[ii] for ii in range(self._n + 1)]
+                                for fval in f._value]
+
+        Tf = []
+        for jj in range(len(self._list)):
+            tmp = self._U(0, normalize=False)
+            for gg, edge_list in HeckeData:
+                u = edge_list[jj]
+                tprec = 2 * (prec_cap + u.power) + 1
+                r = S0(self._p ** -u.power * (u.t(tprec) * gg).adjugate(),
+                       check=False)
+                tmp += r * f._value[u.label]
+            tmp *= factor
+            for ii in range(self._n + 1):
+                tmp._moments[ii] = original_moments[jj][ii]
+            Tf.append(tmp)
+        return self(Tf)