passagemath-schemes 10.6.38__cp314-cp314t-macosx_13_0_arm64.whl

sage/modular/abvar/constructor.py

@@ -0,0 +1,186 @@
+# sage_setup: distribution = sagemath-schemes
+"""
+Constructors for certain modular abelian varieties
+
+AUTHORS:
+
+- William Stein (2007-03)
+"""
+# #########################################################################
+#       Copyright (C) 2007 William Stein <wstein@gmail.com>               #
+#  Distributed under the terms of the GNU General Public License (GPL)    #
+#                  https://www.gnu.org/licenses/                           #
+# #########################################################################
+
+import weakref
+
+from sage.rings.integer import Integer
+
+from sage.modular.arithgroup.all import CongruenceSubgroupBase, Gamma0
+from sage.modular.modsym.space import ModularSymbolsSpace
+from .abvar_newform import ModularAbelianVariety_newform
+import sage.modular.modform.element
+from sage.modular.abvar import abvar
+
+_cache = {}
+
+
+def _get(key):
+    """
+    Return the cached abelian variety with given key. This is used
+    internally by the abelian varieties constructor.
+
+    INPUT:
+
+    - ``key`` -- hashable
+
+    EXAMPLES::
+
+        sage: sage.modular.abvar.constructor._saved('a', J0(37))
+        Abelian variety J0(37) of dimension 2
+        sage: sage.modular.abvar.constructor._get('a')
+        Abelian variety J0(37) of dimension 2
+        sage: sage.modular.abvar.constructor._get('b')
+        Traceback (most recent call last):
+        ...
+        ValueError: element not in cache
+    """
+    if key in _cache:
+        z = _cache[key]()
+        if z is not None:
+            return z
+    raise ValueError("element not in cache")
+
+
+def _saved(key, J):
+    """
+    Return the cached abelian variety with given key. This is used
+    internally by the abelian varieties constructor.
+
+    INPUT:
+
+    - ``key`` -- hashable
+
+    - ``J`` -- modular abelian variety
+
+    OUTPUT: ``J`` -- returns the modabvar, to make code that uses
+    this simpler
+
+    EXAMPLES::
+
+        sage: sage.modular.abvar.constructor._saved('37', J0(37))
+        Abelian variety J0(37) of dimension 2
+    """
+    _cache[key] = weakref.ref(J)
+    return J
+
+
+def J0(N):
+    """
+    Return the Jacobian `J_0(N)` of the modular curve
+    `X_0(N)`.
+
+    EXAMPLES::
+
+        sage: J0(389)
+        Abelian variety J0(389) of dimension 32
+
+    The result is cached::
+
+        sage: J0(33) is J0(33)
+        True
+    """
+    key = 'J0(%s)' % N
+    try:
+        return _get(key)
+    except ValueError:
+        from sage.modular.arithgroup.all import Gamma0
+        J = Gamma0(N).modular_abelian_variety()
+        return _saved(key, J)
+
+
+def J1(N):
+    """
+    Return the Jacobian `J_1(N)` of the modular curve
+    `X_1(N)`.
+
+    EXAMPLES::
+
+        sage: J1(389)
+        Abelian variety J1(389) of dimension 6112
+    """
+    key = 'J1(%s)' % N
+    try:
+        return _get(key)
+    except ValueError:
+        from sage.modular.arithgroup.all import Gamma1
+        return _saved(key, Gamma1(N).modular_abelian_variety())
+
+
+def JH(N, H):
+    """
+    Return the Jacobian `J_H(N)` of the modular curve
+    `X_H(N)`.
+
+    EXAMPLES::
+
+        sage: JH(389,[16])
+        Abelian variety JH(389,[16]) of dimension 64
+    """
+    key = 'JH(%s,%s)' % (N,H)
+    try:
+        return _get(key)
+    except ValueError:
+        from sage.modular.arithgroup.all import GammaH
+        return _saved(key, GammaH(N, H).modular_abelian_variety())
+
+
+def AbelianVariety(X):
+    """
+    Create the abelian variety corresponding to the given defining
+    data.
+
+    INPUT:
+
+    - ``X`` -- integer, string, newform, modsym space,
+      congruence subgroup or tuple of congruence subgroups
+
+    OUTPUT: a modular abelian variety
+
+    EXAMPLES::
+
+        sage: AbelianVariety(Gamma0(37))
+        Abelian variety J0(37) of dimension 2
+        sage: AbelianVariety('37a')
+        Newform abelian subvariety 37a of dimension 1 of J0(37)
+        sage: AbelianVariety(Newform('37a'))
+        Newform abelian subvariety 37a of dimension 1 of J0(37)
+        sage: AbelianVariety(ModularSymbols(37).cuspidal_submodule())
+        Abelian variety J0(37) of dimension 2
+        sage: AbelianVariety((Gamma0(37), Gamma0(11)))
+        Abelian variety J0(37) x J0(11) of dimension 3
+        sage: AbelianVariety(37)
+        Abelian variety J0(37) of dimension 2
+        sage: AbelianVariety([1,2,3])
+        Traceback (most recent call last):
+        ...
+        TypeError: X must be an integer, string, newform, modsym space, congruence subgroup or tuple of congruence subgroups
+    """
+    if isinstance(X, (int, Integer)):
+        X = Gamma0(X)
+    if isinstance(X, CongruenceSubgroupBase):
+        X = X.modular_symbols().cuspidal_submodule()
+    elif isinstance(X, str):
+        from sage.modular.modform.constructor import Newform
+        f = Newform(X, names='a')
+        return ModularAbelianVariety_newform(f, internal_name=True)
+    elif isinstance(X, sage.modular.modform.element.Newform):
+        return ModularAbelianVariety_newform(X)
+
+    if isinstance(X, ModularSymbolsSpace):
+        return abvar.ModularAbelianVariety_modsym(X)
+
+    if isinstance(X, (tuple,list)) and all(isinstance(G, CongruenceSubgroupBase) for G in X):
+        return abvar.ModularAbelianVariety(X)
+
+    raise TypeError("X must be an integer, string, newform, modsym space, congruence subgroup or tuple of congruence subgroups")

sage/modular/abvar/cuspidal_subgroup.py

@@ -0,0 +1,371 @@
+# sage_setup: distribution = sagemath-schemes
+"""
+Cuspidal subgroups of modular abelian varieties
+
+AUTHORS:
+
+- William Stein (2007-03, 2008-02)
+
+EXAMPLES: We compute the cuspidal subgroup of `J_1(13)`::
+
+    sage: A = J1(13)
+    sage: C = A.cuspidal_subgroup(); C
+    Finite subgroup with invariants [19, 19] over QQ of Abelian variety J1(13) of dimension 2
+    sage: C.gens()
+    ([(1/19, 0, 9/19, 9/19)], [(0, 1/19, 0, 9/19)])
+    sage: C.order()
+    361
+    sage: C.invariants()
+    [19, 19]
+
+We compute the cuspidal subgroup of `J_0(54)`::
+
+    sage: A = J0(54)
+    sage: C = A.cuspidal_subgroup(); C
+    Finite subgroup with invariants [3, 3, 3, 3, 3, 9] over QQ of Abelian variety J0(54) of dimension 4
+    sage: C.gens()
+    ([(1/3, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1/3, 0, 2/3)], [(0, 1/3, 0, 0, 0, 2/3, 0, 1/3)], [(0, 0, 1/9, 1/9, 1/9, 1/9, 1/9, 2/9)], [(0, 0, 0, 1/3, 0, 1/3, 0, 0)], [(0, 0, 0, 0, 1/3, 1/3, 0, 1/3)], [(0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1/3, 2/3)])
+    sage: C.order()
+    2187
+    sage: C.invariants()
+    [3, 3, 3, 3, 3, 9]
+
+We compute the subgroup of the cuspidal subgroup generated by
+rational cusps.
+
+::
+
+    sage: C = J0(54).rational_cusp_subgroup(); C
+    Finite subgroup with invariants [3, 3, 9] over QQ of Abelian variety J0(54) of dimension 4
+    sage: C.gens()
+    ([(1/3, 0, 0, 1/3, 2/3, 1/3, 0, 1/3)], [(0, 0, 1/9, 1/9, 7/9, 7/9, 1/9, 8/9)], [(0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1/3, 2/3)])
+    sage: C.order()
+    81
+    sage: C.invariants()
+    [3, 3, 9]
+
+This might not give us the exact rational torsion subgroup, since
+it might be bigger than order `81`::
+
+    sage: J0(54).rational_torsion_subgroup().multiple_of_order()
+    243
+
+TESTS::
+
+    sage: C = J0(54).cuspidal_subgroup()
+    sage: loads(dumps(C)) == C
+    True
+    sage: D = J0(54).rational_cusp_subgroup()
+    sage: loads(dumps(D)) == D
+    True
+"""
+
+# *****************************************************************************
+#       Copyright (C) 2007 William Stein <wstein@gmail.com>
+#
+# This program is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
+# it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
+# the Free Software Foundation, either version 2 of the License, or
+# (at your option) any later version.
+#                  https://www.gnu.org/licenses/
+# *****************************************************************************
+
+from sage.matrix.constructor import matrix
+from sage.modular.arithgroup.all import Gamma0_class
+from sage.modular.cusps import Cusp
+from sage.rings.infinity import infinity
+from sage.rings.integer_ring import ZZ
+from sage.rings.rational_field import QQ
+
+from .finite_subgroup import FiniteSubgroup
+
+
+class CuspidalSubgroup_generic(FiniteSubgroup):
+    def _compute_lattice(self, rational_only=False, rational_subgroup=False):
+        r"""
+        Return a list of vectors that define elements of the rational
+        homology that generate this finite subgroup.
+
+        INPUT:
+
+        - ``rational_only`` -- boolean (default: ``False``); if
+          ``True``, only use rational cusps
+
+        OUTPUT: list of vectors
+
+        EXAMPLES::
+
+            sage: J = J0(37)
+            sage: C = sage.modular.abvar.cuspidal_subgroup.CuspidalSubgroup(J)
+            sage: C._compute_lattice()
+            Free module of degree 4 and rank 4 over Integer Ring
+            Echelon basis matrix:
+            [  1   0   0   0]
+            [  0   1   0   0]
+            [  0   0   1   0]
+            [  0   0   0 1/3]
+            sage: J = J0(43)
+            sage: C = sage.modular.abvar.cuspidal_subgroup.CuspidalSubgroup(J)
+            sage: C._compute_lattice()
+            Free module of degree 6 and rank 6 over Integer Ring
+            Echelon basis matrix:
+            [  1   0   0   0   0   0]
+            [  0 1/7   0 6/7   0 5/7]
+            [  0   0   1   0   0   0]
+            [  0   0   0   1   0   0]
+            [  0   0   0   0   1   0]
+            [  0   0   0   0   0   1]
+            sage: J = J0(22)
+            sage: C = sage.modular.abvar.cuspidal_subgroup.CuspidalSubgroup(J)
+            sage: C._compute_lattice()
+            Free module of degree 4 and rank 4 over Integer Ring
+            Echelon basis matrix:
+            [1/5 1/5 4/5   0]
+            [  0   1   0   0]
+            [  0   0   1   0]
+            [  0   0   0 1/5]
+            sage: J = J1(13)
+            sage: C = sage.modular.abvar.cuspidal_subgroup.CuspidalSubgroup(J)
+            sage: C._compute_lattice()
+            Free module of degree 4 and rank 4 over Integer Ring
+            Echelon basis matrix:
+            [1/19    0 9/19 9/19]
+            [   0 1/19    0 9/19]
+            [   0    0    1    0]
+            [   0    0    0    1]
+
+        We compute with and without the optional
+        ``rational_only`` option.
+
+        ::
+
+            sage: J = J0(27); G = sage.modular.abvar.cuspidal_subgroup.CuspidalSubgroup(J)
+            sage: G._compute_lattice()
+            Free module of degree 2 and rank 2 over Integer Ring
+            Echelon basis matrix:
+            [1/3   0]
+            [  0 1/3]
+            sage: G._compute_lattice(rational_only=True)
+            Free module of degree 2 and rank 2 over Integer Ring
+            Echelon basis matrix:
+            [1/3   0]
+            [  0   1]
+        """
+        A = self.abelian_variety()
+        Cusp = A.modular_symbols()
+        Amb = Cusp.ambient_module()
+        Eis = Amb.eisenstein_submodule()
+
+        C = Amb.cusps()
+        N = Amb.level()
+
+        if rational_subgroup:
+            # QQ-rational subgroup of cuspidal subgroup
+            assert A.is_ambient()
+            Q = Cusp.abvarquo_rational_cuspidal_subgroup()
+            return Q.V()
+
+        if rational_only:
+            # subgroup generated by differences of rational cusps
+            if not isinstance(A.group(), Gamma0_class):
+                raise NotImplementedError('computation of rational cusps only implemented in Gamma0 case.')
+            if not N.is_squarefree():
+                data = [n for n in N.coprime_integers(N) if n >= 2]
+                C = [c for c in C if is_rational_cusp_gamma0(c, N, data)]
+
+        v = [Amb([infinity, alpha]).element() for alpha in C]
+        cusp_matrix = matrix(QQ, len(v), Amb.dimension(), v)
+
+        # TODO -- refactor something out here
+        # Now we project onto the cuspidal part.
+        B = Cusp.free_module().basis_matrix().stack(Eis.free_module().basis_matrix())
+        X = B.solve_left(cusp_matrix)
+        X = X.matrix_from_columns(range(Cusp.dimension()))
+        return X.row_module(ZZ) + A.lattice()
+
+
+class CuspidalSubgroup(CuspidalSubgroup_generic):
+    """
+    EXAMPLES::
+
+        sage: a = J0(65)[2]
+        sage: t = a.cuspidal_subgroup()
+        sage: t.order()
+        6
+    """
+    def _repr_(self):
+        """
+        String representation of the cuspidal subgroup.
+
+        EXAMPLES::
+
+            sage: G = J0(27).cuspidal_subgroup()
+            sage: G._repr_()
+            'Finite subgroup with invariants [3, 3] over QQ of Abelian variety J0(27) of dimension 1'
+        """
+        return "Cuspidal subgroup %sover QQ of %s" % (self._invariants_repr(), self.abelian_variety())
+
+    def lattice(self):
+        """
+        Returned cached tuple of vectors that define elements of the
+        rational homology that generate this finite subgroup.
+
+        OUTPUT: tuple (cached)
+
+        EXAMPLES::
+
+            sage: J = J0(27)
+            sage: G = J.cuspidal_subgroup()
+            sage: G.lattice()
+            Free module of degree 2 and rank 2 over Integer Ring
+            Echelon basis matrix:
+            [1/3   0]
+            [  0 1/3]
+
+        Test that the result is cached::
+
+            sage: G.lattice() is G.lattice()
+            True
+        """
+        try:
+            return self.__lattice
+        except AttributeError:
+            lattice = self._compute_lattice(rational_only=False)
+            self.__lattice = lattice
+            return lattice
+
+
+class RationalCuspSubgroup(CuspidalSubgroup_generic):
+    """
+    EXAMPLES::
+
+        sage: a = J0(65)[2]
+        sage: t = a.rational_cusp_subgroup()
+        sage: t.order()
+        6
+    """
+    def _repr_(self):
+        """
+        String representation of the cuspidal subgroup.
+
+        EXAMPLES::
+
+            sage: G = J0(27).rational_cusp_subgroup()
+            sage: G._repr_()
+            'Finite subgroup with invariants [3] over QQ of Abelian variety J0(27) of dimension 1'
+        """
+        return "Subgroup generated by differences of rational cusps %sover QQ of %s" % (self._invariants_repr(), self.abelian_variety())
+
+    def lattice(self):
+        """
+        Return lattice that defines this group.
+
+        OUTPUT: lattice
+
+        EXAMPLES::
+
+            sage: G = J0(27).rational_cusp_subgroup()
+            sage: G.lattice()
+            Free module of degree 2 and rank 2 over Integer Ring
+            Echelon basis matrix:
+            [1/3   0]
+            [  0   1]
+
+        Test that the result is cached.
+
+        ::
+
+            sage: G.lattice() is G.lattice()
+            True
+        """
+        try:
+            return self.__lattice
+        except AttributeError:
+            lattice = self._compute_lattice(rational_only=True)
+            self.__lattice = lattice
+            return lattice
+
+
+class RationalCuspidalSubgroup(CuspidalSubgroup_generic):
+    """
+    EXAMPLES::
+
+        sage: a = J0(65)[2]
+        sage: t = a.rational_cuspidal_subgroup()
+        sage: t.order()
+        6
+    """
+    def _repr_(self):
+        """
+        String representation of the cuspidal subgroup.
+
+        EXAMPLES::
+
+            sage: G = J0(27).rational_cuspidal_subgroup()
+            sage: G._repr_()
+            'Finite subgroup with invariants [3] over QQ of Abelian variety J0(27) of dimension 1'
+        """
+        return "Rational cuspidal subgroup %sover QQ of %s" % (self._invariants_repr(), self.abelian_variety())
+
+    def lattice(self):
+        """
+        Return lattice that defines this group.
+
+        OUTPUT: lattice
+
+        EXAMPLES::
+
+            sage: G = J0(27).rational_cuspidal_subgroup()
+            sage: G.lattice()
+            Free module of degree 2 and rank 2 over Integer Ring
+            Echelon basis matrix:
+            [1/3   0]
+            [  0   1]
+
+        Test that the result is cached.
+
+        ::
+
+            sage: G.lattice() is G.lattice()
+            True
+        """
+        try:
+            return self.__lattice
+        except AttributeError:
+            lattice = self._compute_lattice(rational_subgroup=True)
+            self.__lattice = lattice
+            return lattice
+
+
+def is_rational_cusp_gamma0(c, N, data) -> bool:
+    """
+    Return ``True`` if the rational number c is a rational cusp of level N.
+
+    This uses remarks in Glenn Steven's Ph.D. thesis.
+
+    INPUT:
+
+    - ``c`` -- a cusp
+
+    - ``N`` -- positive integer
+
+    - ``data`` -- the list [n for n in range(2,N) if gcd(n,N) == 1], which is
+      passed in as a parameter purely for efficiency reasons.
+
+    EXAMPLES::
+
+        sage: from sage.modular.abvar.cuspidal_subgroup import is_rational_cusp_gamma0
+        sage: N = 27
+        sage: data = [n for n in range(2,N) if gcd(n,N) == 1]
+        sage: is_rational_cusp_gamma0(Cusp(1/3), N, data)
+        False
+        sage: is_rational_cusp_gamma0(Cusp(1), N, data)
+        True
+        sage: is_rational_cusp_gamma0(Cusp(oo), N, data)
+        True
+        sage: is_rational_cusp_gamma0(Cusp(2/9), N, data)
+        False
+    """
+    num = c.numerator()
+    den = c.denominator()
+    return all(c.is_gamma0_equiv(Cusp(num, d * den), N) for d in data)