passagemath-schemes 10.6.38__cp314-cp314t-macosx_13_0_arm64.whl

sage/schemes/elliptic_curves/homset.py

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+# sage_setup: distribution = sagemath-schemes
+r"""
+Homsets and endomorphism rings of elliptic curves
+
+The set of homomorphisms between two elliptic curves (:class:`EllipticCurveHom`)
+forms an abelian group under addition. Moreover, if the two curves are the same,
+it even forms a (not always commutative) ring under composition.
+
+This module encapsulates the set of homomorphisms between two given elliptic
+curves as a Sage object.
+
+.. NOTE::
+
+    Currently only little nontrivial functionality is available, but this will
+    hopefully change in the future.
+
+EXAMPLES:
+
+The only useful thing this class does at the moment is coercing integers into
+the endomorphism ring as scalar multiplications::
+
+    sage: E = EllipticCurve([1,2,3,4,5])
+    sage: f = End(E)(7); f
+    Scalar-multiplication endomorphism [7] of Elliptic Curve defined by y^2 + x*y + 3*y = x^3 + 2*x^2 + 4*x + 5 over Rational Field
+    sage: f == E.scalar_multiplication(7)
+    True
+
+::
+
+    sage: E = EllipticCurve(GF(431^2), [0,1])
+    sage: E.automorphisms()[0] == 1
+    True
+    sage: E.automorphisms()[1] == -1
+    True
+    sage: omega = E.automorphisms()[2]
+    sage: omega == 1
+    False
+    sage: omega^3 == 1
+    True
+    sage: (1 + omega + omega^2) == 0
+    True
+    sage: (2*omega + 1)^2 == -3                                                         # needs sage.symbolic
+    True
+
+AUTHORS:
+
+- Lorenz Panny (2023)
+"""
+
+# ****************************************************************************
+#       Copyright (C) 2023 Lorenz Panny
+#
+# This program is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
+# it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
+# the Free Software Foundation, either version 2 of the License, or
+# (at your option) any later version.
+#                  https://www.gnu.org/licenses/
+# ****************************************************************************
+
+from sage.rings.integer_ring import ZZ
+from sage.categories.morphism import Morphism
+from sage.schemes.generic.homset import SchemeHomset_generic
+from sage.schemes.elliptic_curves.ell_generic import EllipticCurve_generic
+
+
+class EllipticCurveHomset(SchemeHomset_generic):
+    r"""
+    This class represents the set of all homomorphisms between two fixed
+    elliptic curves.
+
+    EXAMPLES::
+
+        sage: E = EllipticCurve(GF(419^2), [1,0])
+        sage: E.frobenius_isogeny() in End(E)
+        True
+        sage: phi = E.isogenies_prime_degree(7)[0]
+        sage: phi in End(E)
+        False
+        sage: phi in Hom(E, phi.codomain())
+        True
+
+    Note that domain and codomain are *not* taken up to isomorphism::
+
+        sage: iso = E.isomorphism_to(EllipticCurve(GF(419^2), [2,0]))
+        sage: iso in End(E)
+        False
+    """
+    def __init__(self, E1, E2, category=None):
+        r"""
+        Construct the homset for a given pair of elliptic curves
+        defined over the same base ring.
+
+        TESTS::
+
+            sage: E = EllipticCurve(GF(101), [1,1])
+            sage: H = End(E)
+            sage: TestSuite(H).run(skip='_test_elements')                               # needs sage.symbolic
+
+        ::
+
+            sage: E1 = EllipticCurve(GF(101), [1,1])
+            sage: E2 = EllipticCurve(GF(101), [4,9])
+            sage: H = Hom(E1, E2)
+            sage: TestSuite(H).run(skip='_test_elements')
+
+        ::
+
+            sage: E1 = EllipticCurve(j=42)
+            sage: E2 = EllipticCurve(j=43)
+            sage: Hom(E1, E2)
+            Additive group of elliptic-curve morphisms
+              From: Elliptic Curve defined by y^2 = x^3 + 5901*x + 1105454 over Rational Field
+              To:   Elliptic Curve defined by y^2 + x*y = x^3 + x^2 + 1510*x - 140675 over Rational Field
+            sage: Hom(E1, E2) in CommutativeAdditiveGroups()
+            True
+            sage: Hom(E1, E2) in Rings()
+            False
+            sage: End(E1) in CommutativeRings()  # not implemented; see note in code below
+            True
+
+        ::
+
+            sage: E0 = EllipticCurve(GF(419), [1,0])
+            sage: EE0 = E0.change_ring(GF(419^2))
+            sage: End(E0) in CommutativeRings()  # not implemented; see note in code below
+            True
+            sage: End(EE0) in CommutativeRings()
+            False
+            sage: End(EE0) in Rings()
+            True
+            sage: E1 = EllipticCurve(GF(419), [1,1])
+            sage: EE1 = E1.change_ring(GF(419^2))
+            sage: Hom(E0, E1) in CommutativeAdditiveGroups()
+            True
+            sage: Hom(EE0, EE1) in CommutativeAdditiveGroups()
+            True
+            sage: Hom(E0, E1) in Rings()
+            False
+            sage: Hom(EE0, EE1) in Rings()
+            False
+        """
+        if not isinstance(E1, EllipticCurve_generic):
+            raise ValueError('domain must be an elliptic curve')
+        if not isinstance(E2, EllipticCurve_generic):
+            raise ValueError('codomain must be an elliptic curve')
+        base = E1.base_ring()
+        if base != E2.base_ring():
+            raise ValueError('domain and codomain must have the same base ring')
+
+        super().__init__(E1, E2, category=category, base=base)
+
+        #TODO: We should also add CommutativeRings to the category
+        # of self whenever this holds true; see the method
+        # EllipticCurve_field.endomorphism_ring_is_commutative().
+        # Is there a way to perform this check lazily?
+
+    def _coerce_map_from_(self, other):
+        r"""
+        Check if this homset has a coercion map from another
+        parent ``other``.
+
+        The only currently supported case is when this homset has
+        equal domain and codomain: In this case elements from `\ZZ`
+        are embedded as scalar multiplications.
+
+        EXAMPLES::
+
+            sage: E1 = EllipticCurve(j=42)
+            sage: E2 = EllipticCurve(j=43)
+            sage: Hom(E1, E1)._coerce_map_from_(ZZ)
+            True
+            sage: Hom(E1, E2)._coerce_map_from_(ZZ)
+            False
+        """
+        return self.is_endomorphism_set() and other is ZZ
+
+    def _element_constructor_(self, data):
+        r"""
+        Construct an element of this homset from the given ``data``.
+
+        The only currently supported case is when this homset has
+        equal domain and codomain: In this case elements from `\ZZ`
+        are embedded as scalar multiplications.
+
+        EXAMPLES::
+
+            sage: E1 = EllipticCurve(j=42)
+            sage: E2 = EllipticCurve(j=43)
+            sage: Hom(E1, E1)(5)
+            Scalar-multiplication endomorphism [5] of Elliptic Curve defined by y^2 = x^3 + 5901*x + 1105454 over Rational Field
+            sage: Hom(E1, E2)(5)
+            Traceback (most recent call last):
+            ...
+            ValueError: domain and codomain must be equal
+        """
+        m = ZZ(data)
+        if not self.is_endomorphism_set():
+            if m:
+                raise ValueError('domain and codomain must be equal')
+            from sage.schemes.elliptic_curves.hom_sum import EllipticCurveHom_sum
+            return EllipticCurveHom_sum([], domain=self.domain(), codomain=self.codomain())
+        from sage.schemes.elliptic_curves.hom_scalar import EllipticCurveHom_scalar
+        return EllipticCurveHom_scalar(self.domain(), m)
+
+    def _repr_(self):
+        r"""
+        Output a description of this homset, with special formatting
+        for endomorphism rings.
+
+        EXAMPLES::
+
+            sage: E1 = EllipticCurve([1,1])
+            sage: E2 = EllipticCurve([2,2])
+            sage: End(E1)
+            Ring of elliptic-curve endomorphisms
+              From: Elliptic Curve defined by y^2 = x^3 + x + 1 over Rational Field
+              To:   Elliptic Curve defined by y^2 = x^3 + x + 1 over Rational Field
+            sage: Hom(E1, E1)
+            Ring of elliptic-curve endomorphisms
+              From: Elliptic Curve defined by y^2 = x^3 + x + 1 over Rational Field
+              To:   Elliptic Curve defined by y^2 = x^3 + x + 1 over Rational Field
+            sage: Hom(E1, E2)
+            Additive group of elliptic-curve morphisms
+              From: Elliptic Curve defined by y^2 = x^3 + x + 1 over Rational Field
+              To:   Elliptic Curve defined by y^2 = x^3 + 2*x + 2 over Rational Field
+        """
+        if self.is_endomorphism_set():
+            s = 'Ring of elliptic-curve endomorphisms'
+        else:
+            s = 'Additive group of elliptic-curve morphisms'
+        s += f'\n  From: {self.domain()}'
+        s += f'\n  To:   {self.codomain()}'
+        return s
+
+    def identity(self):
+        r"""
+        Return the identity morphism in this elliptic-curve homset
+        as an :class:`EllipticCurveHom` object.
+
+        EXAMPLES::
+
+            sage: E = EllipticCurve(j=42)
+            sage: End(E).identity()
+            Elliptic-curve endomorphism of Elliptic Curve defined by y^2 = x^3 + 5901*x + 1105454 over Rational Field
+              Via:  (u,r,s,t) = (1, 0, 0, 0)
+            sage: End(E).identity() == E.scalar_multiplication(1)
+            True
+        """
+        if not self.is_endomorphism_set():
+            raise ValueError('domain and codomain must be equal')
+        return self.domain().identity_morphism()
+
+    def is_commutative(self):
+        r"""
+        Assuming this homset is an endomorphism ring, check whether
+        it is a commutative ring.
+
+        ALGORITHM: :meth:`EllipticCurve_field.endomorphism_ring_is_commutative`
+
+        EXAMPLES::
+
+            sage: End(EllipticCurve(j=123)).is_commutative()
+            True
+            sage: End(EllipticCurve(GF(11), [1,0])).is_commutative()
+            True
+            sage: End(EllipticCurve(GF(11^2), [1,0])).is_commutative()
+            False
+        """
+        if not self.is_endomorphism_set():
+            raise ValueError('commutativity does not make sense for homsets between different objects')
+        return self.domain().endomorphism_ring_is_commutative()