passagemath-schemes 10.6.38__cp314-cp314t-macosx_13_0_arm64.whl

sage/modular/overconvergent/weightspace.py

@@ -0,0 +1,778 @@
+# sage_setup: distribution = sagemath-schemes
+# sage.doctest: needs sage.rings.padics
+r"""
+The space of `p`-adic weights
+
+A `p`-adic weight is a continuous character `\ZZ_p^\times \to
+\CC_p^\times`. These are the `\CC_p`-points of a rigid space over
+`\QQ_p`, which is isomorphic to a disjoint union of copies (indexed by
+`(\ZZ/p\ZZ)^\times`) of the open unit `p`-adic disc.
+
+Sage supports both "classical points", which are determined by the data of a
+Dirichlet character modulo `p^m` for some `m` and an integer `k` (corresponding
+to the character `z \mapsto z^k \chi(z)`) and "non-classical points" which are
+determined by the data of an element of `(\ZZ/p\ZZ)^\times` and
+an element `w \in \CC_p` with `|w - 1| < 1`.
+
+EXAMPLES::
+
+    sage: W = pAdicWeightSpace(17)
+    sage: W
+    Space of 17-adic weight-characters
+     defined over 17-adic Field with capped relative precision 20
+    sage: R.<x> = QQ[]
+    sage: L = Qp(17).extension(x^2 - 17, names='a'); L.rename('L')
+    sage: W.base_extend(L)
+    Space of 17-adic weight-characters defined over L
+
+We create a simple element of `\mathcal{W}`: the algebraic character, `x \mapsto x^6`::
+
+    sage: kappa = W(6)
+    sage: kappa(5)
+    15625
+    sage: kappa(5) == 5^6
+    True
+
+A locally algebraic character, `x \mapsto x^6 \chi(x)` for `\chi` a Dirichlet
+character mod `p`::
+
+    sage: kappa2 = W(6, DirichletGroup(17, Qp(17)).0^8)
+    sage: kappa2(5) == -5^6
+    True
+    sage: kappa2(13) == 13^6
+    True
+
+A non-locally-algebraic character, sending the generator 18 of `1 + 17
+\ZZ_{17}` to 35 and acting as `\mu \mapsto \mu^4` on the group of 16th
+roots of unity::
+
+    sage: kappa3 = W(35 + O(17^20), 4, algebraic=False)
+    sage: kappa3(2)
+    16 + 8*17 + ... + O(17^20)
+
+AUTHORS:
+
+- David Loeffler (2008-9)
+"""
+
+# ****************************************************************************
+#       Copyright (C) 2008 William Stein <wstein@gmail.com>
+#                     2008-9 David Loeffler <d.loeffler.01@cantab.net>
+#
+# This program is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
+# it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
+# the Free Software Foundation, either version 2 of the License, or
+# (at your option) any later version.
+#                  https://www.gnu.org/licenses/
+# ****************************************************************************
+import weakref
+
+from sage.arith.misc import divisors
+from sage.categories.sets_cat import Sets
+from sage.misc.cachefunc import cached_method
+from sage.misc.lazy_import import lazy_import
+from sage.modular.dirichlet import DirichletGroup, trivial_character
+from sage.rings.finite_rings.integer_mod_ring import IntegerModRing
+from sage.rings.infinity import Infinity
+from sage.rings.integer_ring import ZZ
+from sage.rings.padics.precision_error import PrecisionError
+from sage.rings.rational_field import QQ
+from sage.structure.element import Element
+from sage.structure.parent import Parent
+from sage.structure.richcmp import richcmp
+
+lazy_import('sage.rings.padics.factory', 'Qp')
+lazy_import('sage.rings.padics.padic_generic_element', 'pAdicGenericElement')
+
+
+_wscache = {}
+
+
+def WeightSpace_constructor(p, base_ring=None):
+    r"""
+    Construct the `p`-adic weight space for the given prime p.
+
+    A `p`-adic weight
+    is a continuous character `\ZZ_p^\times \to \CC_p^\times`.
+    These are the `\CC_p`-points of a rigid space over `\QQ_p`,
+    which is isomorphic to a disjoint union of copies (indexed by
+    `(\ZZ/p\ZZ)^\times`) of the open unit `p`-adic disc.
+
+    Note that the "base ring" of a `p`-adic weight is the smallest ring
+    containing the image of `\ZZ`; in particular, although the default base
+    ring is `\QQ_p`, base ring `\QQ` will also work.
+
+    EXAMPLES::
+
+        sage: pAdicWeightSpace(3) # indirect doctest
+        Space of 3-adic weight-characters
+         defined over 3-adic Field with capped relative precision 20
+        sage: pAdicWeightSpace(3, QQ)
+        Space of 3-adic weight-characters defined over Rational Field
+        sage: pAdicWeightSpace(10)
+        Traceback (most recent call last):
+        ...
+        ValueError: p must be prime
+    """
+    if base_ring is None:
+        base_ring = Qp(p)
+    if (p, base_ring) in _wscache:
+        m = _wscache[(p, base_ring)]()
+        if m is not None:
+            return m
+    m = WeightSpace_class(p, base_ring)
+    _wscache[(p, base_ring)] = weakref.ref(m)
+    return m
+
+
+class WeightSpace_class(Parent):
+    r"""
+    The space of `p`-adic weight-characters `\mathcal{W} = {\rm
+    Hom}(\ZZ_p^\times, \CC_p^\times)`.
+
+    This is isomorphic to a
+    disjoint union of `(p-1)` open discs of radius 1 (or 2 such discs if `p =
+    2`), with the parameter on the open disc corresponding to the image of `1 +
+    p` (or 5 if `p = 2`)
+
+    TESTS::
+
+        sage: W = pAdicWeightSpace(3)
+        sage: W is loads(dumps(W))
+        True
+    """
+
+    def __init__(self, p, base_ring):
+        r"""
+        Initialisation function.
+
+        EXAMPLES::
+
+            sage: pAdicWeightSpace(17)
+            Space of 17-adic weight-characters defined over 17-adic Field with capped relative precision 20
+        """
+        Parent.__init__(self, base=base_ring, category=Sets())
+        p = ZZ(p)
+        if not p.is_prime():
+            raise ValueError("p must be prime")
+        self._p = p
+        self._param = Qp(p)((p == 2 and 5) or (p + 1))
+
+    def _repr_(self) -> str:
+        r"""
+        String representation of ``self``.
+
+        EXAMPLES::
+
+            sage: pAdicWeightSpace(17)._repr_()
+            'Space of 17-adic weight-characters defined over 17-adic Field with capped relative precision 20'
+        """
+        return "Space of %s-adic weight-characters defined over %s" % (self.prime(), self.base_ring())
+
+    def __reduce__(self):
+        r"""
+        Used for pickling.
+
+        EXAMPLES::
+
+            sage: pAdicWeightSpace(3).__reduce__()
+            (<function WeightSpace_constructor at ...>, (3, 3-adic Field with capped relative precision 20))
+        """
+        return (WeightSpace_constructor, (self.prime(), self.base_ring()))
+
+    def _element_constructor_(self, arg1, arg2=None, algebraic=True):
+        r"""
+        Create an element of this space.
+
+        If ``algebraic = True`` (the default), create a locally algebraic
+        character. The arguments should be `(k, \chi)` with `k \in \ZZ`
+        and `\chi` a Dirichlet character of `p`-power conductor defined over a
+        `p`-adic field; this corresponds to the weight-character `x \mapsto x^k
+        \chi(x)`. If `\chi` is omitted, it defaults to the trivial character.
+
+        If ``algebraic = False``, create a general character. The arguments are
+        now (t, w) where `t \in \ZZ/(p-1)\ZZ` and `w \in
+        \CC_p` with `|w - 1| < 1`. This corresponds to the character
+        `\kappa` satisfying `\kappa(\mu) = \mu^t` where `\mu` is a `(p-1)`-st
+        root of unity, and `\kappa(1 + p) = w`.
+
+        EXAMPLES::
+
+            sage: W = pAdicWeightSpace(17)
+            sage: W(4)
+            4
+            sage: W(4, DirichletGroup(17, Qp(17)).0)
+            (4, 17, [3 + 13*17 + ... + O(17^20)])
+            sage: W(1 + O(17^5), 4, algebraic = False)
+            [1 + O(17^5), 4]
+        """
+        if isinstance(arg1, WeightCharacter):
+            if arg1.parent() is self:
+                return arg1
+            elif arg1.parent().prime() == self.prime():
+                return self._coerce_in_wtchar(arg1)
+            else:
+                raise TypeError("Incompatible type!")
+
+        if algebraic:
+            return AlgebraicWeight(self, arg1, arg2)
+        else:
+            return ArbitraryWeight(self, arg1, arg2)
+
+    @cached_method
+    def zero(self):
+        """
+        Return the zero of this weight space.
+
+        EXAMPLES::
+
+            sage: W = pAdicWeightSpace(17)
+            sage: W.zero()
+            0
+        """
+        return self(0)
+
+    def prime(self):
+        r"""
+        Return the prime `p` such that this is a `p`-adic weight space.
+
+        EXAMPLES::
+
+            sage: pAdicWeightSpace(17).prime()
+            17
+        """
+        return self._p
+
+    def base_extend(self, R):
+        r"""
+        Extend scalars to the ring R.
+
+        There must be a canonical coercion map from the present base ring to R.
+
+        EXAMPLES::
+
+            sage: W = pAdicWeightSpace(3, QQ)
+            sage: W.base_extend(Qp(3))
+            Space of 3-adic weight-characters
+             defined over 3-adic Field with capped relative precision 20
+            sage: W.base_extend(IntegerModRing(12))
+            Traceback (most recent call last):
+            ...
+            TypeError: No coercion map from 'Rational Field'
+            to 'Ring of integers modulo 12' is defined
+        """
+        if R.has_coerce_map_from(self.base_ring()):
+            return WeightSpace_constructor(self.prime(), R)
+        else:
+            raise TypeError("No coercion map from '%s' to '%s' is defined" % (self.base_ring(), R))
+
+    def _coerce_map_from_(self, other):
+        r"""
+        Canonical coercion of ``other`` into ``self``.
+
+        TESTS::
+
+            sage: W1 = pAdicWeightSpace(23, QQ)
+            sage: W2 = W1.base_extend(Qp(23))
+            sage: w = W1(3)
+            sage: W2.coerce(w) # indirect doctest
+            3
+        """
+        return (isinstance(other, WeightSpace_class)
+                and other.prime() == self.prime()
+                and self.base_ring().has_coerce_map_from(other.base_ring()))
+
+    def _coerce_in_wtchar(self, x):
+        r"""
+        Convert in a weight-character whose parent is different from ``self``
+        (with has the prime, but possibly different base ring).
+
+        EXAMPLES::
+
+            sage: W1 = pAdicWeightSpace(23, Qp(3))
+            sage: W2 = pAdicWeightSpace(23, QQ)
+            sage: w = W1(3)
+            sage: W2._coerce_in_wtchar(w)
+            3
+        """
+        if isinstance(x, AlgebraicWeight):
+            return AlgebraicWeight(self, x.k(), x.chi().change_ring(self.base_ring()))
+        else:
+            return ArbitraryWeight(self, self.base_ring()(x.w()), x.teichmuller_type())
+
+
+class WeightCharacter(Element):
+    r"""
+    Abstract base class representing an element of the `p`-adic weight space
+    `Hom(\ZZ_p^\times, \CC_p^\times)`.
+    """
+
+    # This should probably derive from Morphism or even from
+    # AbelianGroupMorphism; but Sage does not know about the abelian group
+    # Z_p^*, so Hom(Z_p^*, C_p^*) is a bit beyond it!
+
+    def __init__(self, parent):
+        r"""
+        Initialisation function.
+
+        EXAMPLES::
+
+            sage: pAdicWeightSpace(17)(0)
+            0
+        """
+        Element.__init__(self, parent)
+        self._p = self.parent().prime()
+
+    def base_extend(self, R):
+        r"""
+        Extend scalars to the base ring R.
+
+        The ring R must have a canonical map from the current base ring.
+
+        EXAMPLES::
+
+            sage: w = pAdicWeightSpace(17, QQ)(3)
+            sage: w.base_extend(Qp(17))
+            3
+        """
+        return self.parent().base_extend(R).coerce(self)
+
+    def is_even(self) -> bool:
+        r"""
+        Return ``True`` if this weight-character sends -1 to +1.
+
+        EXAMPLES::
+
+            sage: pAdicWeightSpace(17)(0).is_even()
+            True
+            sage: pAdicWeightSpace(17)(11).is_even()
+            False
+            sage: pAdicWeightSpace(17)(1 + 17 + O(17^20), 3, False).is_even()
+            False
+            sage: pAdicWeightSpace(17)(1 + 17 + O(17^20), 4, False).is_even()
+            True
+        """
+        return self(-1) != -1
+
+    def pAdicEisensteinSeries(self, ring, prec=20):
+        r"""
+        Calculate the `q`-expansion of the `p`-adic Eisenstein series of given
+        weight-character, normalised so the constant term is 1.
+
+        EXAMPLES::
+
+            sage: kappa = pAdicWeightSpace(3)(3, DirichletGroup(3,QQ).0)
+            sage: kappa.pAdicEisensteinSeries(QQ[['q']], 20)
+            1 - 9*q + 27*q^2 - 9*q^3 - 117*q^4 + 216*q^5 + 27*q^6 - 450*q^7 + 459*q^8
+             - 9*q^9 - 648*q^10 + 1080*q^11 - 117*q^12 - 1530*q^13 + 1350*q^14 + 216*q^15
+             - 1845*q^16 + 2592*q^17 + 27*q^18 - 3258*q^19 + O(q^20)
+        """
+        if not self.is_even():
+            raise ValueError("Eisenstein series not defined for odd weight-characters")
+        q = ring.gen()
+        s = ring(1) + 2*self.one_over_Lvalue() * sum(sum(self(d)/d for d in divisors(n)) * q**n for n in range(1, prec))
+        return s.add_bigoh(prec)
+
+    def values_on_gens(self):
+        r"""
+        If `\kappa` is this character, calculate the values `(\kappa(r), t)`
+        where `r` is `1 + p` (or 5 if `p = 2`) and `t` is the unique element of
+        `\ZZ/(p-1)\ZZ` such that `\kappa(\mu) = \mu^t` for `\mu`
+        a (p-1)st root of unity. (If `p = 2`, we take `t` to be 0 or 1
+        according to whether `\kappa` is odd or even.) These two values
+        uniquely determine the character `\kappa`.
+
+        EXAMPLES::
+
+            sage: W = pAdicWeightSpace(11); W(2).values_on_gens()
+            (1 + 2*11 + 11^2 + O(11^20), 2)
+            sage: W(2, DirichletGroup(11, QQ).0).values_on_gens()
+            (1 + 2*11 + 11^2 + O(11^20), 7)
+            sage: W(1 + 2*11 + O(11^5), 4, algebraic = False).values_on_gens()
+            (1 + 2*11 + O(11^5), 4)
+        """
+
+        return ( self(self.parent()._param), self.teichmuller_type())
+
+    def is_trivial(self) -> bool:
+        r"""
+        Return ``True`` if and only if this is the trivial character.
+
+        EXAMPLES::
+
+            sage: pAdicWeightSpace(11)(2).is_trivial()
+            False
+            sage: pAdicWeightSpace(11)(2, DirichletGroup(11, QQ).0).is_trivial()
+            False
+            sage: pAdicWeightSpace(11)(0).is_trivial()
+            True
+        """
+        return self.values_on_gens() == (1, 0)
+
+    def _richcmp_(self, other, op) -> bool:
+        r"""
+        Compare ``self`` to ``other``.
+
+        EXAMPLES::
+
+            sage: W = pAdicWeightSpace(11)
+            sage: W(2) == W(3)
+            False
+            sage: W(2, DirichletGroup(11, QQ).0) == W(2)
+            False
+            sage: W(2, DirichletGroup(11, QQ).0) == W(144 + O(11^20), 7, False)
+            True
+        """
+        return richcmp(self.values_on_gens(), other.values_on_gens(), op)
+
+    def Lvalue(self):
+        r"""
+        Return the value of the `p`-adic `L`-function of `\QQ`, which can be
+        regarded as a rigid-analytic function on weight space, evaluated at
+        this character.
+
+        EXAMPLES::
+
+            sage: W = pAdicWeightSpace(11)
+            sage: sage.modular.overconvergent.weightspace.WeightCharacter(W).Lvalue()
+            Traceback (most recent call last):
+            ...
+            NotImplementedError
+        """
+        raise NotImplementedError
+
+    def one_over_Lvalue(self):
+        r"""
+        Return the reciprocal of the `p`-adic `L`-function evaluated at this
+        weight-character.
+
+        If the weight-character is odd, then the `L`-function
+        is zero, so an error will be raised.
+
+        EXAMPLES::
+
+            sage: pAdicWeightSpace(11)(4).one_over_Lvalue()
+            -12/133
+            sage: pAdicWeightSpace(11)(3, DirichletGroup(11, QQ).0).one_over_Lvalue()
+            -1/6
+            sage: pAdicWeightSpace(11)(3).one_over_Lvalue()
+            Traceback (most recent call last):
+            ...
+            ZeroDivisionError: rational division by zero
+            sage: pAdicWeightSpace(11)(0).one_over_Lvalue()
+            0
+            sage: type(_)
+            <class 'sage.rings.integer.Integer'>
+        """
+        if self.is_trivial():
+            return ZZ(0)
+        else:
+            return 1 / self.Lvalue()
+
+
+class AlgebraicWeight(WeightCharacter):
+    r"""
+    A point in weight space corresponding to a locally algebraic character, of
+    the form `x \mapsto \chi(x) x^k` where `k` is an integer and `\chi` is a
+    Dirichlet character modulo `p^n` for some `n`.
+
+    TESTS::
+
+        sage: w = pAdicWeightSpace(23)(12, DirichletGroup(23, QQ).0) # exact
+        sage: w == loads(dumps(w))
+        True
+        sage: w = pAdicWeightSpace(23)(12, DirichletGroup(23, Qp(23)).0) # inexact
+        sage: w == loads(dumps(w))
+        True
+        sage: w is loads(dumps(w)) # elements are not globally unique
+        False
+    """
+
+    def __init__(self, parent, k, chi=None):
+        r"""
+        Create a locally algebraic weight-character.
+
+        EXAMPLES::
+
+            sage: pAdicWeightSpace(29)(13, DirichletGroup(29, Qp(29)).0)
+            (13, 29, [2 + 2*29 + ... + O(29^20)])
+        """
+        WeightCharacter.__init__(self, parent)
+        k = ZZ(k)
+        self._k = k
+        if chi is None:
+            chi = trivial_character(self._p, QQ)
+        n = ZZ(chi.conductor())
+        if n == 1:
+            n = self._p
+        if not n.is_power_of(self._p):
+            raise ValueError("Character must have %s-power conductor" % self._p)
+        self._chi = DirichletGroup(n, chi.base_ring())(chi)
+
+    def __call__(self, x):
+        r"""
+        Evaluate this character at an element of `\ZZ_p^\times`.
+
+        EXAMPLES:
+
+        Exact answers are returned when this is possible::
+
+            sage: kappa = pAdicWeightSpace(29)(13, DirichletGroup(29, QQ).0)
+            sage: kappa(1)
+            1
+            sage: kappa(0)
+            0
+            sage: kappa(12)
+            -106993205379072
+            sage: kappa(-1)
+            -1
+            sage: kappa(13 + 4*29 + 11*29^2 + O(29^3))
+            9 + 21*29 + 27*29^2 + O(29^3)
+
+        When the character chi is defined over a `p`-adic field, the results returned are inexact::
+
+            sage: kappa = pAdicWeightSpace(29)(13, DirichletGroup(29, Qp(29)).0^14)
+            sage: kappa(1)
+            1 + O(29^20)
+            sage: kappa(0)
+            0
+            sage: kappa(12)
+            17 + 11*29 + 7*29^2 + 4*29^3 + 5*29^4 + 2*29^5 + 13*29^6 + 3*29^7 + 18*29^8 + 21*29^9 + 28*29^10 + 28*29^11 + 28*29^12 + 28*29^13 + 28*29^14 + 28*29^15 + 28*29^16 + 28*29^17 + 28*29^18 + 28*29^19 + O(29^20)
+            sage: kappa(12) == -106993205379072
+            True
+            sage: kappa(-1) == -1
+            True
+            sage: kappa(13 + 4*29 + 11*29^2 + O(29^3))
+            9 + 21*29 + 27*29^2 + O(29^3)
+        """
+        if isinstance(x, pAdicGenericElement):
+            if x.parent().prime() != self._p:
+                raise TypeError("x must be an integer or a %s-adic integer" % self._p)
+            if self._p**(x.precision_absolute()) < self._chi.conductor():
+                raise PrecisionError("Precision too low")
+            xint = x.lift()
+        else:
+            xint = x
+        if (xint % self._p == 0):
+            return 0
+        return self._chi(xint) * x**self._k
+
+    def k(self):
+        r"""
+        If this character is `x \mapsto x^k \chi(x)` for an integer `k` and a
+        Dirichlet character `\chi`, return `k`.
+
+        EXAMPLES::
+
+            sage: kappa = pAdicWeightSpace(29)(13, DirichletGroup(29, Qp(29)).0^14)
+            sage: kappa.k()
+            13
+        """
+        return self._k
+
+    def chi(self):
+        r"""
+        If this character is `x \mapsto x^k \chi(x)` for an integer `k` and a
+        Dirichlet character `\chi`, return `\chi`.
+
+        EXAMPLES::
+
+            sage: kappa = pAdicWeightSpace(29)(13, DirichletGroup(29, Qp(29)).0^14)
+            sage: kappa.chi()
+            Dirichlet character modulo 29 of conductor 29
+             mapping 2 |--> 28 + 28*29 + 28*29^2 + ... + O(29^20)
+        """
+        return self._chi
+
+    def __hash__(self):
+        r"""
+        TESTS::
+
+            sage: w = pAdicWeightSpace(23)(12, DirichletGroup(23, QQ).0)
+            sage: hash(w) == hash((12, 23, (-1,)))
+            True
+        """
+        if self._chi.is_trivial():
+            return hash(self._k)
+        else:
+            return hash( (self._k,self._chi.modulus(),self._chi) )
+
+    def _repr_(self):
+        r"""
+        String representation of ``self``.
+
+        EXAMPLES::
+
+            sage: pAdicWeightSpace(17)(2)._repr_()
+            '2'
+            sage: pAdicWeightSpace(17)(2, DirichletGroup(17, QQ).0)._repr_()
+            '(2, 17, [-1])'
+            sage: pAdicWeightSpace(17)(2, DirichletGroup(17, QQ).0^2)._repr_()
+            '2'
+        """
+        if self._chi.is_trivial():
+            return "%s" % self._k
+        else:
+            return "(%s, %s, %s)" % (self._k, self._chi.modulus(), self._chi._repr_short_())
+
+    def teichmuller_type(self):
+        r"""
+        Return the Teichmuller type of this weight-character `\kappa`.
+
+        This is the unique `t \in \ZZ/(p-1)\ZZ` such that `\kappa(\mu)
+        = \mu^t` for `\mu` a `(p-1)`-st root of 1.
+
+        For `p = 2` this does not make sense, but we still want the Teichmuller
+        type to correspond to the index of the component of weight space in
+        which `\kappa` lies, so we return 1 if `\kappa` is odd and 0 otherwise.
+
+        EXAMPLES::
+
+            sage: pAdicWeightSpace(11)(2, DirichletGroup(11,QQ).0).teichmuller_type()
+            7
+            sage: pAdicWeightSpace(29)(13, DirichletGroup(29, Qp(29)).0).teichmuller_type()
+            14
+            sage: pAdicWeightSpace(2)(3, DirichletGroup(4,QQ).0).teichmuller_type()
+            0
+        """
+        # Special case p == 2
+        if self._p == 2:
+            if self.is_even():
+                return IntegerModRing(2).zero()
+            else:
+                return IntegerModRing(2).one()
+        m = IntegerModRing(self._p).multiplicative_generator()
+        x = [y for y in IntegerModRing(self._chi.modulus()) if y == m and y**(self._p - 1) == 1]
+        if len(x) != 1:
+            raise ArithmeticError
+        x = x[0]
+        f = IntegerModRing(self._p)(self._chi(x)).log(m)
+        return IntegerModRing(self._p - 1)(self._k + f)
+
+    def Lvalue(self):
+        r"""
+        Return the value of the `p`-adic `L`-function of `\QQ` evaluated at
+        this weight-character.
+
+        If the character is `x \mapsto x^k \chi(x)`
+        where `k > 0` and `\chi` has conductor a power of `p`, this is an
+        element of the number field generated by the values of `\chi`, equal to
+        the value of the complex `L`-function `L(1-k, \chi)`. If `\chi` is
+        trivial, it is equal to `(1 - p^{k-1})\zeta(1-k)`.
+
+        At present this is not implemented in any other cases, except the
+        trivial character (for which the value is `\infty`).
+
+        .. TODO::
+
+            Implement this more generally using the Amice transform
+            machinery in
+            sage/schemes/elliptic_curves/padic_lseries.py, which
+            should clearly be factored out into a separate class.
+
+        EXAMPLES::
+
+            sage: pAdicWeightSpace(7)(4).Lvalue() == (1 - 7^3)*zeta__exact(-3)
+            True
+            sage: pAdicWeightSpace(7)(5, DirichletGroup(7, Qp(7)).0^4).Lvalue()
+            0
+            sage: pAdicWeightSpace(7)(6, DirichletGroup(7, Qp(7)).0^4).Lvalue()
+            1 + 2*7 + 7^2 + 3*7^3 + 3*7^5 + 4*7^6 + 2*7^7 + 5*7^8 + 2*7^9 + 3*7^10 + 6*7^11
+             + 2*7^12 + 3*7^13 + 5*7^14 + 6*7^15 + 5*7^16 + 3*7^17 + 6*7^18 + O(7^19)
+        """
+        if self._k > 0:
+            return -self._chi.bernoulli(self._k) / self._k
+        if self.is_trivial():
+            return Infinity
+        else:
+            raise NotImplementedError("Don't know how to compute value of this L-function")
+
+
+class ArbitraryWeight(WeightCharacter):
+
+    def __init__(self, parent, w, t):
+        r"""
+        Create the element of `p`-adic weight space in the given component
+        mapping 1 + p to w.
+
+        Here w must be an element of a `p`-adic field, with finite
+        precision.
+
+        EXAMPLES::
+
+            sage: pAdicWeightSpace(17)(1 + 17^2 + O(17^3), 11, False)
+            [1 + 17^2 + O(17^3), 11]
+        """
+        WeightCharacter.__init__(self, parent)
+
+        self.t = ZZ(t) % (self._p > 2 and (self._p - 1) or 2)
+                # do we store w precisely?
+        if (w - 1).valuation() <= 0:
+            raise ValueError("Must send generator to something nearer 1")
+        self.w = w
+
+    def _repr_(self):
+        r"""
+        String representation of this character.
+
+        EXAMPLES::
+
+            sage: pAdicWeightSpace(97)(1 + 2*97 + O(97^20), 12, False)._repr_()
+            '[1 + 2*97 + O(97^20), 12]'
+        """
+        return "[%s, %s]" % (self.w, self.t)
+
+    def __call__(self, x):
+        r"""
+        Evaluate this character at an element of `\ZZ_p^\times`.
+
+        EXAMPLES::
+
+            sage: kappa = pAdicWeightSpace(23)(1 + 23^2 + O(23^20), 4, False)
+            sage: kappa(2)
+            16 + 7*23 + 7*23^2 + 16*23^3 + 23^4 + 20*23^5 + 15*23^7 + 11*23^8 + 12*23^9 + 8*23^10 + 22*23^11 + 16*23^12 + 13*23^13 + 4*23^14 + 19*23^15 + 6*23^16 + 7*23^17 + 11*23^19 + O(23^20)
+            sage: kappa(-1)
+            1 + O(23^20)
+            sage: kappa(23)
+            0
+            sage: kappa(2 + 2*23 + 11*23^2 + O(23^3))
+            16 + 7*23 + O(23^3)
+        """
+        from sage.misc.verbose import verbose
+
+        if not isinstance(x, pAdicGenericElement):
+            x = Qp(self._p)(x)
+        if x.valuation() != 0:
+            return 0
+
+        teich = x.parent().teichmuller(x, x.precision_absolute())
+        xx = x / teich
+        if (xx - 1).valuation() <= 0:
+            raise ArithmeticError
+        verbose("Normalised element is %s" % xx)
+
+        e = xx.log() / self.parent()._param.log()
+        verbose("Exponent is %s" % e)
+
+        return teich**(self.t) * (self.w.log() * e).exp()
+
+    def teichmuller_type(self):
+        r"""
+        Return the Teichmuller type of this weight-character `\kappa`.
+
+        This is
+        the unique `t \in \ZZ/(p-1)\ZZ` such that `\kappa(\mu) =
+        \mu^t` for \mu a `(p-1)`-st root of 1.
+
+        For `p = 2` this does not make sense, but we still want the Teichmuller
+        type to correspond to the index of the component of weight space in
+        which `\kappa` lies, so we return 1 if `\kappa` is odd and 0 otherwise.
+
+        EXAMPLES::
+
+            sage: pAdicWeightSpace(17)(1 + 3*17 + 2*17^2 + O(17^3), 8, False).teichmuller_type()
+            8
+            sage: pAdicWeightSpace(2)(1 + 2 + O(2^2), 1, False).teichmuller_type()
+            1
+        """
+        return self.t