passagemath-graphs 10.6.1rc1__cp310-cp310-musllinux_1_2_aarch64.whl

sage/databases/knotinfo_db.py

@@ -0,0 +1,1231 @@
+# sage_setup: distribution = sagemath-graphs
+r"""
+KnotInfo database
+
+This module contains the class :class:`KnotInfoDataBase` and auxiliary classes
+for it, which serves as an interface to the lists of named knots and links provided
+at the web-pages `KnotInfo <https://knotinfo.math.indiana.edu/>`__ and
+`LinkInfo <https://linkinfo.sitehost.iu.edu>`__.
+
+To use the database, you need to install the optional :ref:`database_knotinfo
+<spkg_database_knotinfo>` package by the Sage command ::
+
+    sage -i database_knotinfo
+
+EXAMPLES::
+
+    sage: # optional - database_knotinfo
+    sage: from sage.databases.knotinfo_db import KnotInfoDataBase
+    sage: ki_db = KnotInfoDataBase()
+    sage: ki_db
+    <sage.databases.knotinfo_db.KnotInfoDataBase object at ...>
+
+AUTHORS:
+
+- Sebastian Oehms (2020-08): initial version
+"""
+##############################################################################
+#       Copyright (C) 2020 Sebastian Oehms <seb.oehms@gmail.com>
+#
+# This program is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
+# it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
+# the Free Software Foundation, either version 2 of the License, or
+# (at your option) any later version.
+#                  https://www.gnu.org/licenses/
+##############################################################################
+import os
+from enum import Enum
+
+from sage.structure.sage_object import SageObject
+from sage.structure.unique_representation import UniqueRepresentation
+from sage.misc.persist import save, load
+from sage.misc.verbose import verbose
+from sage.misc.cachefunc import cached_method
+
+columns_white_list = ['knot_atlas_anon', 'knotilus_page_anon']
+columns_black_list = ['homfly_polynomial_old']
+
+
+class KnotInfoColumnTypes(Enum):
+    r"""
+    Enum class to specify if a column from the table of knots and links provided
+    at the web-pages `KnotInfo <https://knotinfo.math.indiana.edu/>`__ and
+    `LinkInfo <https://linkinfo.sitehost.iu.edu>`__.  is used for knots only,
+    links only or both.
+
+    EXAMPLES::
+
+        sage: from sage.databases.knotinfo_db import KnotInfoColumnTypes
+        sage: [col_type for col_type in KnotInfoColumnTypes]
+        [<KnotInfoColumnTypes.OnlyKnots: 'K'>,
+        <KnotInfoColumnTypes.OnlyLinks: 'L'>,
+        <KnotInfoColumnTypes.KnotsAndLinks: 'B'>]
+    """
+    OnlyKnots = 'K'       # column that is only used in the KnotInfo table
+    OnlyLinks = 'L'       # column that is only used in the LinkInfo table
+    KnotsAndLinks = 'B'       # column that is only used in both tables
+
+
+class KnotInfoColumns(Enum):
+    r"""
+    Enum class to select a column from the table of knots and links provided
+    at the web-pages `KnotInfo <https://knotinfo.math.indiana.edu/>`__ and
+    `LinkInfo <https://linkinfo.sitehost.iu.edu>`__.
+
+    EXAMPLES::
+
+        sage: from sage.databases.knotinfo_db import KnotInfoDataBase
+        sage: ki_db = KnotInfoDataBase()
+        sage: cols = ki_db.columns(); cols
+        <enum 'Columns'>
+        sage: from sage.databases.knotinfo_db import KnotInfoColumns
+        sage: isinstance(cols.name, KnotInfoColumns)
+        True
+
+        sage: def only_links(c):
+        ....:     return c.column_type() == c.types.OnlyLinks
+        sage: [c.column_name() for c in cols if only_links(c)]  # optional - database_knotinfo
+        ['Name - Unoriented',
+         'Orientation',
+         'Unoriented Rank',
+         'PD Notation (vector)',
+         'PD Notation (KnotTheory)',
+         'Braid Notation',
+         'Quasipositive Braid',
+         'Multivariable Alexander Polynomial',
+         'HOMFLYPT Polynomial',
+         'Khovanov Polynomial',
+         'Unoriented',
+         'Arc Notation',
+         'Linking Matrix',
+         'Rolfsen Name',
+         'Components',
+         'DT code',
+         'Splitting Number',
+         'Nullity',
+         'Unlinking Number',
+         'Weak Splitting Number']
+    """
+    @property
+    def types(self):
+        r"""
+        Return :class:`KnotInfoColumnTypes` to be used for checks.
+
+        EXAMPLES::
+
+            sage: from sage.databases.knotinfo_db import KnotInfoDataBase
+            sage: ki_db = KnotInfoDataBase()
+            sage: cols = ki_db.columns()
+            sage: cols.dt_code.column_type() == cols.dt_code.types.OnlyLinks
+            True
+        """
+        return KnotInfoColumnTypes
+
+    def column_name(self):
+        r"""
+        Return the name of ``self`` displayed on the KnotInfo web-page.
+
+        EXAMPLES::
+
+            sage: from sage.databases.knotinfo_db import KnotInfoDataBase
+            sage: ki_db = KnotInfoDataBase()
+            sage: cols = ki_db.columns()
+            sage: cols.dt_code.column_name()
+            'DT code'
+        """
+        return self.value[0]
+
+    def column_type(self):
+        r"""
+        Return the type of ``self``. That is an instance of ``Enum``
+        :class:`KnotInfoColumnTypes`.
+
+        EXAMPLES::
+
+            sage: from sage.databases.knotinfo_db import KnotInfoDataBase
+            sage: ki_db = KnotInfoDataBase()
+            sage: cols = ki_db.columns()
+            sage: cols.homfly_polynomial.column_type()
+            <KnotInfoColumnTypes.OnlyKnots: 'K'>
+            sage: cols.homflypt_polynomial.column_type()
+            <KnotInfoColumnTypes.OnlyLinks: 'L'>
+            sage: cols.name.column_type()
+            <KnotInfoColumnTypes.KnotsAndLinks: 'B'>
+        """
+        return self.value[1]
+
+    def description_webpage(self, new=0, autoraise=True):
+        r"""
+        Launch the description page of ``self`` in the standard web browser.
+
+        EXAMPLES::
+
+            sage: from sage.databases.knotinfo_db import KnotInfoDataBase
+            sage: ki_db = KnotInfoDataBase()
+            sage: cols = ki_db.columns()
+            sage: cols.pd_notation.description_webpage()            # not tested
+            True
+            sage: cols.homflypt_polynomial.description_webpage()    # not tested
+            True
+        """
+        import webbrowser
+        if self.column_type() == self.types.OnlyLinks:
+            url = KnotInfoFilename.links.description_url(self)
+        else:
+            url = KnotInfoFilename.knots.description_url(self)
+        return webbrowser.open(url, new=new, autoraise=autoraise)
+
+
+class KnotInfoFilename(Enum):
+    r"""
+    Enum for the different data files. The following choices are possible:
+
+    - ``knots`` -- contains the data from KnotInfo
+    - ``links`` -- contains the data for proper links from LinkInfo
+
+    Examples::
+
+        sage: from sage.databases.knotinfo_db import KnotInfoDataBase
+        sage: ki_db = KnotInfoDataBase()
+        sage: ki_db.filename
+        <enum 'KnotInfoFilename'>
+    """
+
+    def url(self):
+        r"""
+        Return the URL to download the data from the web-page.
+
+        Examples::
+
+            sage: from sage.databases.knotinfo_db import KnotInfoDataBase
+            sage: ki_db = KnotInfoDataBase()
+            sage: ki_db.filename.knots.url()
+            'https://knotinfo.math.indiana.edu/'
+        """
+        if self == KnotInfoFilename.knots:
+            return self.value[0]
+        else:
+            return self.value[0]
+
+    def excel(self):
+        r"""
+        Return the Excel-file name to download the data from the web-page.
+
+        Examples::
+
+            sage: from sage.databases.knotinfo_db import KnotInfoDataBase
+            sage: ki_db = KnotInfoDataBase()
+            sage: ki_db.filename.knots.excel()
+            'knotinfo_data_complete.xls'
+        """
+        if self == KnotInfoFilename.knots:
+            return '%s.xls' % (self.value[1])
+        else:
+            return '%s.xlsx' % (self.value[1])
+
+    def csv(self):
+        r"""
+        Return the file name under which the data from the web-page
+        are stored as csv file.
+
+        Examples::
+
+            sage: from sage.databases.knotinfo_db import KnotInfoDataBase
+            sage: ki_db = KnotInfoDataBase()
+            sage: ki_db.filename.knots.csv()
+            'knotinfo_data_complete.csv'
+        """
+        return '%s.csv' % (self.value[1])
+
+    def num_knots(self, version):
+        r"""
+        Return the file name under which the number of knots is stored
+        in an sobj-file.
+
+        Examples::
+
+            sage: from sage.databases.knotinfo_db import KnotInfoDataBase
+            sage: ki_db = KnotInfoDataBase()
+            sage: ki_db.filename.knots.num_knots('21.7')
+            'num_knots_21.7.sobj'
+        """
+        return 'num_knots_%s.sobj' % version
+
+    def sobj_row(self):
+        r"""
+        Return the file name under which the row-data of the csv-File
+        is stored as python dictionary in a sobj-file.
+
+        Examples::
+
+            sage: from sage.databases.knotinfo_db import KnotInfoDataBase
+            sage: ki_db = KnotInfoDataBase()
+            sage: ki_db.filename.knots.sobj_row()
+            'row_dict.sobj'
+        """
+        return 'row_dict.sobj'
+
+    def sobj_column(self):
+        r"""
+        Return the file name under which the column-data of the csv-File
+        is stored as python dictionary in a sobj-file.
+
+        Examples::
+
+            sage: from sage.databases.knotinfo_db import KnotInfoDataBase
+            sage: ki_db = KnotInfoDataBase()
+            sage: ki_db.filename.knots.sobj_column()
+            'column_dict.sobj'
+        """
+        return 'column_dict.sobj'
+
+    def sobj_data(self, column):
+        r"""
+        Return the file name under which the data of the given
+        column is stored as python list in a sobj-file.
+
+        Examples::
+
+            sage: from sage.databases.knotinfo_db import KnotInfoDataBase
+            sage: ki_db = KnotInfoDataBase()
+            sage: ki_db.filename.knots.sobj_data(ki_db.columns().braid_notation)
+            'knotinfo_braid_notation'
+        """
+        if column.column_type() == column.types.OnlyLinks:
+            return 'linkinfo_%s' % (column.name)
+        else:
+            return 'knotinfo_%s' % (column.name)
+
+    def description_url(self, column):
+        r"""
+        Return the url of the description page of the given column.
+
+        Examples::
+
+            sage: from sage.databases.knotinfo_db import KnotInfoDataBase
+            sage: ki_db = KnotInfoDataBase()
+            sage: ki_db.filename.knots.description_url(ki_db.columns().braid_notation)
+            'https://knotinfo.math.indiana.edu/descriptions/braid_notation.html'
+        """
+        return '%sdescriptions/%s.html' % (self.url(), column.name)
+
+    def diagram_url(self, fname, single=False):
+        r"""
+        Return the url of the diagram page of the given link.
+
+        Examples::
+
+            sage: from sage.databases.knotinfo_db import KnotInfoDataBase
+            sage: ki_db = KnotInfoDataBase()
+            sage: ki_db.filename.knots.diagram_url('3_1-50.png')
+            'https://knotinfo.math.indiana.edu/diagram_display.php?3_1-50.png'
+            sage: ki_db.filename.knots.diagram_url('3_1', single=True)
+            'https://knotinfo.math.indiana.edu/diagrams/3_1'
+        """
+        if single:
+            return '%sdiagrams/%s' % (self.url(), fname)
+        else:
+            return '%sdiagram_display.php?%s' % (self.url(), fname)
+
+    knots = ['https://knotinfo.math.indiana.edu/', 'knotinfo_data_complete']
+    links = ['https://linkinfo.sitehost.iu.edu/',  'linkinfo_data_complete']
+
+
+#----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+# Class to provide data for knots and links from the KnotInfo web-page
+#----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+class KnotInfoDataBase(SageObject, UniqueRepresentation):
+    r"""
+    Database interface to KnotInfo.
+
+    The original data are obtained from KnotInfo web-page (URL see the example
+    below). In order to have these data installed during the build process as
+    a sage-package they are converted as csv files into a tarball. This tarball
+    has been created using the method :meth:`create_spkg_tarball`.
+
+    EXAMPLES::
+
+        sage: from sage.databases.knotinfo_db import KnotInfoDataBase
+        sage: ki_db = KnotInfoDataBase()
+        sage: ki_db.filename.knots
+        <KnotInfoFilename.knots: ['https://knotinfo.math.indiana.edu/',
+                                  'knotinfo_data_complete']>
+    """
+
+    filename = KnotInfoFilename
+
+    def __init__(self, install=False):
+        r"""
+        Python constructor.
+
+        EXAMPLES::
+
+            sage: from sage.databases.knotinfo_db import KnotInfoDataBase
+            sage: ki_db = KnotInfoDataBase()
+            sage: ki_db.filename.links
+            <KnotInfoFilename.links: ['https://linkinfo.sitehost.iu.edu/',
+                                      'linkinfo_data_complete']>
+        """
+        # some constants
+        self._names_column = 'name'
+        self._components_column = 'components'
+        self._knot_prefix = 'K'
+
+        self._knot_list = None
+        self._link_list = None
+        self._demo = None
+        self._num_knots = None
+
+        from sage.features.databases import DatabaseKnotInfo
+        from sage.env import DOT_SAGE
+        self._feature = DatabaseKnotInfo()
+        self._sobj_path = os.path.join(DOT_SAGE, 'knotinfo')
+
+    def create_filecache(self, force=False):
+        r"""
+        Create the internal files containing the database.
+
+        INPUT:
+
+        - ``force`` -- boolean (default: ``False``); if set to ``True`` the
+          existing file-cache is overwritten
+
+        EXAMPLES::
+
+            sage: from sage.databases.knotinfo_db import KnotInfoDataBase
+            sage: ki_db = KnotInfoDataBase()
+            sage: ki_db.create_filecache()    # optional - database_knotinfo
+        """
+        if not self._feature.is_present():
+            return
+
+        if os.path.isdir(self._sobj_path):
+            # if it exists then remove it if it belongs to an older version of
+            # the database or should be reset by the user because it is damaged.
+            test_version = os.path.join(self._sobj_path, self.filename.knots.num_knots(self.version()))
+            if force or not os.path.isfile(test_version):
+                import shutil
+                shutil.rmtree(self._sobj_path)
+
+        from sage.misc.temporary_file import atomic_dir
+        with atomic_dir(self._sobj_path) as d:
+            sobj_path = d.name
+            num_knots_file = os.path.join(sobj_path, self.filename.knots.num_knots(self.version()))
+            knot_list = self.knot_list()
+            num_knots = len(knot_list) - 1
+            save(num_knots, num_knots_file)
+            self._num_knots = num_knots
+            self._create_col_dict_sobj(sobj_path=sobj_path)
+            self._create_data_sobj(sobj_path=sobj_path)
+        return
+
+    def version(self):
+        r"""
+        Return the version of the database currently installed on the device.
+
+        .. NOTE::
+
+            The development of the original databases on the KnotInfo and
+            LinkInfo web-pages is in a continuous flow. The installed version
+            can be behind the current available state of these databases. Every
+            month a cronjob on the
+            `GitHub repository <https://github.com/soehms/database_knotinfo/>`__
+            searches for differences and creates a new release on
+            `PyPI <https://pypi.org/project/database-knotinfo/>`__ in case of
+            success.
+
+            If you note that your version is behind the version on PyPI
+            and would like to have Sage working with that release you should
+            first try to upgrade using ``sage -i database_knotinfo``. If this
+            is not successful even though you are on the latest Sage release
+            please create an issue for that in the GitHub repository.
+
+        EXAMPLES::
+
+            sage: from sage.databases.knotinfo_db import KnotInfoDataBase
+            sage: ki_db = KnotInfoDataBase()
+            sage: ki_db.version()   >= '2021.10.1'   # optional database_knotinfo
+            True
+        """
+        self._feature.require()
+        from database_knotinfo import version
+        return version()
+
+    def demo_version(self):
+        r"""
+        Return whether the KnotInfo databases are installed completely or
+        just the demo version is used.
+
+        EXAMPLES::
+
+            sage: from sage.databases.knotinfo_db import KnotInfoDataBase
+            sage: ki_db = KnotInfoDataBase()
+            sage: ki_db.demo_version()       # optional - database_knotinfo
+            False
+        """
+        if self._demo is None:
+            if self._feature.is_present():
+                num_knots_file = os.path.join(self._sobj_path, self.filename.knots.num_knots(self.version()))
+                from builtins import FileNotFoundError
+                try:
+                    self._num_knots = load(num_knots_file)
+                except FileNotFoundError:
+                    self.create_filecache()
+                self._demo = False
+            else:
+                self._demo = True
+                self._num_knots = len([v for v in row_demo_sample.values() if v[1] == 1])
+        return self._demo
+
+    def knot_list(self):
+        r"""
+        Return the KnotInfo table rows as Python list.
+
+        EXAMPLES::
+
+            sage: from sage.databases.knotinfo_db import KnotInfoDataBase
+            sage: ki_db = KnotInfoDataBase()
+            sage: len(ki_db.knot_list())  # not tested (just used on installation)
+        """
+        if self._knot_list:
+            return self._knot_list
+
+        from database_knotinfo import link_list
+        self._knot_list = link_list()
+        return self._knot_list
+
+    def link_list(self):
+        r"""
+        Return the LinkInfo table rows as Python list.
+
+        EXAMPLES::
+
+            sage: from sage.databases.knotinfo_db import KnotInfoDataBase
+            sage: ki_db = KnotInfoDataBase()
+            sage: len(ki_db.link_list())  # not tested (just used on installation)
+        """
+        if self._link_list:
+            return self._link_list
+
+        from database_knotinfo import link_list
+        self._link_list = link_list(proper_links=True)
+        return self._link_list
+
+    def _create_col_dict_sobj(self, sobj_path=None):
+        r"""
+        Create ``sobj`` files containing the number of knots and a dictionary
+        for the columns of the table.
+
+        EXAMPLES::
+
+            sage: from sage.databases.knotinfo_db import KnotInfoDataBase
+            sage: ki_db = KnotInfoDataBase()
+            sage: ki_db._create_col_dict_sobj() # not tested (used on installation)
+        """
+        knot_list = self.knot_list()
+        knot_column_names = knot_list[0]
+
+        link_list = self.link_list()
+        link_column_names = link_list[0]
+
+        column_dict = {}
+
+        if not sobj_path:
+            sobj_path = self._sobj_path
+
+        # ----------------------------------------------------------------
+        # Columns that exist for knots and links
+        # ----------------------------------------------------------------
+        for col in knot_column_names:
+
+            name = knot_column_names[col]
+            if not name and col not in columns_white_list:
+                # not of interest
+                continue
+
+            if col in columns_black_list:
+                # not of interest
+                continue
+
+            col_type = KnotInfoColumnTypes.OnlyKnots
+            if col in link_column_names:
+                col_type = KnotInfoColumnTypes.KnotsAndLinks
+            column_dict[col] = [name, col_type]
+
+        # ----------------------------------------------------------------
+        # Columns that exist for links only
+        # ----------------------------------------------------------------
+        for col in link_column_names:
+
+            name = link_column_names[col]
+            if not name and col not in columns_white_list:
+                # not of interest
+                continue
+
+            if col in columns_black_list:
+                # not of interest
+                continue
+
+            if col in knot_column_names:
+                # already used
+                continue
+
+            col_type = KnotInfoColumnTypes.OnlyLinks
+            column_dict[col] = [name, col_type]
+
+        save(column_dict, '%s/%s' % (sobj_path, self.filename.knots.sobj_column()))
+
+    def _create_data_sobj(self, sobj_path=None):
+        r"""
+        Create ``sobj`` files containing the contents of the whole table.
+
+        To each column there is created one file containing a list of
+        strings giving the entries of the database table.
+
+        The length of these lists depends on the type of the corresponding
+        column. If a column is used in both tables
+        (``KnotInfoColumnTypes.KnotsAndLinks``) the list of proper links
+        is appended to the list of knots.  In both other cases the length
+        of the list corresponds to the number of listed knots and proper
+        links respectively.
+
+        EXAMPLES::
+
+            sage: from sage.databases.knotinfo_db import KnotInfoDataBase
+            sage: ki_db = KnotInfoDataBase()
+            sage: ki_db._create_data_sobj() # not tested (just used on installation)
+        """
+        knot_list = self.knot_list()
+        link_list = self.link_list()
+        len_knots = len(knot_list)
+        len_links = len(link_list)
+
+        row_dict = {}
+
+        if not sobj_path:
+            sobj_path = self._sobj_path
+
+        # ----------------------------------------------------------------
+        # Columns that exist for knots and links
+        # ----------------------------------------------------------------
+        column_dict = load('%s/%s' % (sobj_path, self.filename.knots.sobj_column()))
+        cols = KnotInfoColumns('ColsTemp', column_dict)
+        for col in cols:
+            val_list = []
+
+            if col.column_type() != col.types.OnlyLinks:
+                for i in range(1, len_knots):
+                    if col.name == self._names_column:
+                        row_dict[self._knot_prefix + knot_list[i][col.name]] = [i - 1, 1]
+
+                    val_list.append(knot_list[i][col.name])
+
+            if col.column_type() != col.types.OnlyKnots:
+                for i in range(1, len_links):
+                    if col.name == self._names_column:
+                        link_name = link_list[i][col.name]
+                        link_name = link_name.replace('{', '_')
+                        link_name = link_name.replace(',', '_')
+                        link_name = link_name.replace('}', '')
+
+                        num_comp = int(link_list[i][self._components_column])
+                        row_dict[link_name] = [i + len_knots - 2, num_comp]
+
+                    val_list.append(link_list[i][col.name])
+
+            if val_list:
+                save(val_list, '%s/%s' % (sobj_path, self.filename.knots.sobj_data(col)))
+
+        save(row_dict,    '%s/%s' % (sobj_path, self.filename.knots.sobj_row()))
+
+    @cached_method
+    def columns(self):
+        r"""
+        Return the columns ot the database table as instances of enum class
+        :class:`KnotInfoColumns`.
+
+        EXAMPLES::
+
+            sage: from sage.databases.knotinfo_db import KnotInfoDataBase
+            sage: ki_db = KnotInfoDataBase()
+            sage: cols = ki_db.columns()
+            sage: [col.column_name() for col in cols if col.name.startswith('pd')]   # optional - database_knotinfo
+            ['PD Notation', 'PD Notation (vector)', 'PD Notation (KnotTheory)']
+        """
+        column_dict = self.read_column_dict()
+        return KnotInfoColumns('Columns', column_dict)
+
+    # -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+    # read the dictionary for the column names from sobj-file
+    # -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+    @cached_method
+    def read_column_dict(self):
+        r"""
+        Read the dictionary for the column names from the according sobj-file.
+
+        OUTPUT: a Python dictionary containing the column names and types
+
+        EXAMPLES::
+
+            sage: from sage.databases.knotinfo_db import KnotInfoDataBase
+            sage: ki_db = KnotInfoDataBase()
+            sage: len(ki_db.read_column_dict()) > 120       # optional - database_knotinfo
+            True
+        """
+        if self.demo_version():
+            return column_demo_sample
+        sobj_path = self._sobj_path
+        filename = self.filename.knots.sobj_column()
+        return load('%s/%s' % (sobj_path, filename))
+
+    # -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+    # read the dictionary for the row names that is the knot and link names from sobj-file
+    # -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+    @cached_method
+    def read_row_dict(self):
+        r"""
+        Read the dictionary for the row names that is the knot and link names
+        from the according sobj-file
+
+        OUTPUT:
+
+        A python dictionary containing the names of the knots and links
+        together with their table index and the corresponding number of
+        components
+
+        EXAMPLES::
+
+            sage: from sage.databases.knotinfo_db import KnotInfoDataBase
+            sage: ki_db = KnotInfoDataBase()
+            sage: ki_db.read_row_dict()['K7_1']
+            [8, 1]
+        """
+        if self.demo_version():
+            return row_demo_sample
+        sobj_path = self._sobj_path
+        filename = self.filename.knots.sobj_row()
+        return load('%s/%s' % (sobj_path, filename))
+
+    # -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+    # return a dictionary to obtain the original name to a row_dict key
+    # -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+    @cached_method
+    def row_names(self):
+        r"""
+        Return a dictionary to obtain the original name to a row_dict key.
+
+        OUTPUT: a Python dictionary containing the names of the knots and links
+        together with their original names from the database
+
+        EXAMPLES::
+
+            sage: from sage.databases.knotinfo_db import KnotInfoDataBase
+            sage: ki_db = KnotInfoDataBase()
+            sage: ki_db.row_names()['K7_1']      # optional - database_knotinfo
+            '7_1'
+        """
+        row_dict = self.read_row_dict()
+        names = self.read(self.columns().name)
+        return {k:names[v[0]] for k, v in row_dict.items()}
+
+    # -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+    # read the number of knots contained in the database (without proper links) from the according sobj-file.
+    # -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+    def read_num_knots(self):
+        r"""
+        Read the number of knots contained in the database (without
+        proper links) from the according sobj-file.
+
+        OUTPUT: integer
+
+        EXAMPLES::
+
+            sage: from sage.databases.knotinfo_db import KnotInfoDataBase
+            sage: ki_db = KnotInfoDataBase()
+            sage: ki_db.read_num_knots()              # optional - database_knotinfo
+            12966
+        """
+        if not self._num_knots:
+            self.demo_version()
+        return self._num_knots
+
+    # -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+    # read an sobj-file obtained from KnotInfo database
+    # -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+    @cached_method
+    def read(self, column):
+        r"""
+        Access a column of KnotInfo / LinkInfo.
+
+        INPUT:
+
+        - ``column`` -- instance of enum :class:`KnotInfoColumns`
+          to select the data to be read in
+
+        OUTPUT: a Python list containing the data corresponding to the column
+
+        EXAMPLES::
+
+            sage: from sage.databases.knotinfo_db import KnotInfoDataBase
+            sage: ki_db = KnotInfoDataBase()
+        """
+        if not isinstance(column, KnotInfoColumns):
+            raise TypeError('column must be an instance of enum %s' % (KnotInfoColumns))
+
+        if self.demo_version():
+            return data_demo_sample[column]
+
+        sobj_path = self._sobj_path
+        if column.column_type() == column.types.OnlyLinks:
+            filename = self.filename.links.sobj_data(column)
+        else:
+            filename = self.filename.knots.sobj_data(column)
+
+        verbose('loading data library %s ...' % (filename))
+        res = load('%s/%s' % (sobj_path, filename))
+        verbose('... finished!')
+
+        return res
+
+    def _test_database(self, **options):
+        r"""
+        Method used by TestSuite. Performs :meth:`KnotInfoBase.is_recoverable`.
+
+        EXAMPLES::
+
+            sage: from sage.databases.knotinfo_db import KnotInfoDataBase
+            sage: ki_db = KnotInfoDataBase()
+            sage: TestSuite(ki_db).run()    # optional - database_knotinfo, long time, indirect doctest
+        """
+        from sage.knots.knotinfo import KnotInfo
+        from sage.misc.misc import some_tuples
+        tester = options['tester']
+        max_samples = tester._max_samples
+        if not max_samples:
+            max_samples = 20
+        l = list(KnotInfo)
+        sample = some_tuples(l, 1, len(l), max_samples=max_samples)
+        tester.assertTrue(all(L.is_recoverable(unique=False) for L, in sample))
+
+
+column_demo_sample = {
+    'name':                 ['Name',                 KnotInfoColumnTypes.KnotsAndLinks],
+    'name_unoriented':      ['Name - Unoriented',    KnotInfoColumnTypes.OnlyLinks],
+    'dt_notation':          ['DT Notation',          KnotInfoColumnTypes.OnlyKnots],
+    'gauss_notation':       ['Gauss Notation',       KnotInfoColumnTypes.KnotsAndLinks],
+    'pd_notation':          ['PD Notation',          KnotInfoColumnTypes.OnlyKnots],
+    'pd_notation_vector':   ['PD Notation (vector)', KnotInfoColumnTypes.OnlyLinks],
+    'crossing_number':      ['Crossing Number',      KnotInfoColumnTypes.KnotsAndLinks],
+    'braid_index':          ['Braid Index',          KnotInfoColumnTypes.OnlyKnots],
+    'braid_length':         ['Braid Length',         KnotInfoColumnTypes.OnlyKnots],
+    'braid_notation':       ['Braid Notation',       KnotInfoColumnTypes.KnotsAndLinks],
+    'braid_notation_old':   ['Braid Notation',       KnotInfoColumnTypes.OnlyLinks],
+    'alternating':          ['Alternating',          KnotInfoColumnTypes.KnotsAndLinks],
+    'alexander_polynomial': ['Alexander',            KnotInfoColumnTypes.OnlyKnots],
+    'jones_polynomial':     ['Jones',                KnotInfoColumnTypes.KnotsAndLinks],
+    'conway_polynomial':    ['Conway',               KnotInfoColumnTypes.KnotsAndLinks],
+    'homfly_polynomial':    ['HOMFLY',               KnotInfoColumnTypes.OnlyKnots],
+    'homflypt_polynomial':  ['HOMFLYPT Polynomial',  KnotInfoColumnTypes.OnlyLinks],
+    'kauffman_polynomial':  ['Kauffman',             KnotInfoColumnTypes.KnotsAndLinks],
+    'khovanov_polynomial':  ['Khovanov',             KnotInfoColumnTypes.OnlyLinks],
+    'khovanov_unreduced_integral_polynomial': ['KH Unred Z Poly', KnotInfoColumnTypes.OnlyKnots],
+    'khovanov_reduced_integral_polynomial': ['KH Red Z Poly', KnotInfoColumnTypes.OnlyKnots],
+    'khovanov_reduced_rational_polynomial': ['KH Red Q Poly', KnotInfoColumnTypes.OnlyKnots],
+    'khovanov_reduced_mod2_polynomial': ['KH Red Mod2 Poly', KnotInfoColumnTypes.OnlyKnots],
+    'khovanov_odd_integral_polynomial': ['KH Odd Red Z Poly', KnotInfoColumnTypes.OnlyKnots],
+    'khovanov_odd_rational_polynomial': ['KH Odd Red Q Poly', KnotInfoColumnTypes.OnlyKnots],
+    'khovanov_odd_mod2_polynomial': ['KH Red Odd Mod2 Poly', KnotInfoColumnTypes.OnlyKnots],
+    'determinant':          ['Determinant',          KnotInfoColumnTypes.KnotsAndLinks],
+    'positive':             ['Positive',             KnotInfoColumnTypes.OnlyKnots],
+    'fibered':              ['Fibered',              KnotInfoColumnTypes.OnlyKnots],
+    'unoriented':           ['Unoriented',           KnotInfoColumnTypes.OnlyLinks],
+    'symmetry_type':        ['Symmetry Type',        KnotInfoColumnTypes.OnlyKnots],
+    'geometric_type':       ['Geometric Type',       KnotInfoColumnTypes.OnlyKnots],
+    'cosmetic_crossing':    ['Cosmetic Crossing',    KnotInfoColumnTypes.OnlyKnots],
+    'width':                ['Width',                KnotInfoColumnTypes.OnlyKnots],
+    'arc_notation':         ['Arc Notation',         KnotInfoColumnTypes.OnlyLinks],
+    'dt_code':              ['DT code',              KnotInfoColumnTypes.OnlyLinks]
+}
+
+
+row_demo_sample = {
+    'K0_1':   [0, 1],
+    'K3_1':   [1, 1],
+    'K4_1':   [2, 1],
+    'K5_1':   [3, 1],
+    'K5_2':   [4, 1],
+    'K6_1':   [5, 1],
+    'K6_2':   [6, 1],
+    'K6_3':   [7, 1],
+    'K7_1':   [8, 1],
+    'K7_2':   [9, 1],
+    'L2a1_0': [10, 2],
+    'L2a1_1': [11, 2],
+    'L4a1_0': [12, 2],
+    'L4a1_1': [13, 2],
+    'L5a1_0': [14, 2],
+    'L5a1_1': [15, 2],
+    'L6a1_0': [16, 2],
+    'L6a1_1': [17, 2],
+    'L6a2_0': [18, 2],
+    'L6a2_1': [19, 2]
+}
+
+db = KnotInfoDataBase()
+dc = db.columns()
+
+
+data_demo_sample = {
+    dc.name: ['0_1', '3_1', '4_1', '5_1', '5_2', '6_1', '6_2', '6_3', '7_1', '7_2',
+              'L2a1{0}', 'L2a1{1}', 'L4a1{0}', 'L4a1{1}', 'L5a1{0}', 'L5a1{1}',
+              'L6a1{0}', 'L6a1{1}', 'L6a2{0}', 'L6a2{1}', 'L6a3{0}'
+             ],
+    dc.name_unoriented: ['L2a1', 'L2a1', 'L4a1', 'L4a1', 'L5a1', 'L5a1', 'L6a1', 'L6a1', 'L6a2', 'L6a2', 'L6a3'],
+    dc.crossing_number: ['0', '3', '4', '5', '5', '6', '6', '6', '7', '7', '2', '2', '4', '4', '5', '5', '6', '6', '6', '6', '6'],
+    dc.braid_notation: [
+        '',
+        '{1,1,1}',
+        '{1,-2,1,-2}',
+        '{1,1,1,1,1}',
+        '{1,1,1,2,-1,2}',
+        '{1,1,2,-1,-3,2,-3}',
+        '{1,1,1,-2,1,-2}',
+        '{1,1,-2,1,-2,-2}',
+        '{1,1,1,1,1,1,1}',
+        '{1,1,1,2,-1,2,3,-2,3}',
+        '{2, {-1, -1}}',
+        '{2, {1, 1}}',
+        '{3, {-2, -2, -1, 2, -1}}',
+        '{2, {1, 1, 1, 1}}',
+        '{3, {-1, 2, -1, 2, -1}}',
+        '{3, {-1, 2, -1, 2, -1}}',
+        '{4, {1, -2, 3, -2, 1, -2, -3, -2}}',
+        '{3, {2, 2, 2, 1, 1, -2, 1}}',
+        '{3, {-1, 2, -1, -2, -2, -1, -1}}',
+        '{3, {1, -2, 1, 2, 2, 1, 1}}',
+        '{2, {-1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1}}'
+        ],
+    dc.braid_notation_old: [
+        '{2, {-1, -1}}',
+        '{2, {1, 1}}',
+        '{4, {1, -2, 3, -2, -1, -2, -3, -2}}',
+        '{2, {1, 1, 1, 1}}',
+        '{3, {-1, 2, -1, 2, -1}}',
+        '{3, {-1, 2, -1, 2, -1}}',
+        '{4, {1, -2, 3, -2, 1, -2, -3, -2}}',
+        '{4, {1, 2, 3, 2, 2, -1, 2, 2, -3, 2}}',
+        '{4, {1, -2, -2, -2, 3, -2, -1, -2, -3, -2}}',
+        '{4, {1, 2, -3, 2, -1, 2, 3, 2, 2, 2}}',
+        '{2, {-1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1}}'
+        ],
+    dc.braid_index: ['1', '2', '3', '2', '3', '4', '3', '3', '2', '4'],
+    dc.braid_length: ['', '3', '4', '5', '6', '7', '6', '6', '7', '9'],
+    dc.determinant: ['0', '3', '5', '5', '7', '9', '11', '13', '7', '11', '2', '2', '4', '4', '8', '8', '12', '12', '10', '10', '6'],
+    dc.positive: ['', 'Y', 'N', 'Y', 'Y', 'N', 'N', 'N', 'Y', 'Y'],
+    dc.fibered: ['', 'Y', 'Y', 'Y', 'N', 'N', 'Y', 'Y', 'Y', 'N'],
+    dc.unoriented: ['Y', 'N', 'Y', 'N', 'Y', 'N', 'Y', 'N', 'Y', 'N', 'Y'],
+    dc.pd_notation: [
+        '',
+        '[[1,5,2,4],[3,1,4,6],[5,3,6,2]]',
+        '[[4,2,5,1],[8,6,1,5],[6,3,7,4],[2,7,3,8]]',
+        '[[2,8,3,7],[4,10,5,9],[6,2,7,1],[8,4,9,3],[10,6,1,5]]',
+        '[[1,5,2,4],[3,9,4,8],[5,1,6,10],[7,3,8,2],[9,7,10,6]]',
+        '[[1,7,2,6],[3,10,4,11],[5,3,6,2],[7,1,8,12],[9,4,10,5],[11,9,12,8]]',
+        '[[1,8,2,9],[3,11,4,10],[5,1,6,12],[7,2,8,3],[9,7,10,6],[11,5,12,4]]',
+        '[[4,2,5,1],[8,4,9,3],[12,9,1,10],[10,5,11,6],[6,11,7,12],[2,8,3,7]]',
+        '[[1,9,2,8],[3,11,4,10],[5,13,6,12],[7,1,8,14],[9,3,10,2],[11,5,12,4],[13,7,14,6]]',
+        '[[2,10,3,9],[4,14,5,13],[6,12,7,11],[8,2,9,1],[10,8,11,7],[12,6,13,5],[14,4,1,3]]',
+        ],
+    dc.pd_notation_vector: [
+        '{{4, 1, 3, 2}, {2, 3, 1, 4}}',
+        '{{4, 2, 3, 1}, {2, 4, 1, 3}}',
+        '{{6, 1, 7, 2}, {8, 3, 5, 4}, {2, 5, 3, 6}, {4, 7, 1, 8}}',
+        '{{6, 2, 7, 1}, {8, 4, 5, 3}, {2, 8, 3, 7}, {4, 6, 1, 5}}',
+        '{{6, 1, 7, 2}, {10, 7, 5, 8}, {4, 5, 1, 6}, {2, 10, 3, 9}, {8, 4, 9, 3}}',
+        '{{8, 2, 9, 1}, {10, 7, 5, 8}, {4, 10, 1, 9}, {2, 5, 3, 6}, {6, 3, 7, 4}}',
+        '{{6, 1, 7, 2}, {10, 3, 11, 4}, {12, 8, 5, 7}, {8, 12, 9, 11}, {2, 5, 3, 6}, {4, 9, 1, 10}}',
+        '{{10, 2, 11, 1}, {6, 4, 7, 3}, {12, 10, 5, 9}, {8, 6, 9, 5}, {2, 12, 3, 11}, {4, 8, 1, 7}}',
+        '{{8, 1, 9, 2}, {12, 5, 7, 6}, {10, 3, 11, 4}, {4, 11, 5, 12}, {2, 7, 3, 8}, {6, 9, 1, 10}}',
+        '{{10, 2, 11, 1}, {12, 6, 7, 5}, {8, 4, 9, 3}, {4, 8, 5, 7}, {2, 12, 3, 11}, {6, 10, 1, 9}}',
+        '{{8, 1, 9, 2}, {2, 9, 3, 10}, {10, 3, 11, 4}, {12, 5, 7, 6}, {6, 7, 1, 8}, {4, 11, 5, 12}}'
+        ],
+    dc.dt_notation: [
+        '',
+        '[4, 6, 2]',
+        '[4, 6, 8, 2]',
+        '[6, 8, 10, 2, 4]',
+        '[4, 8, 10, 2, 6]',
+        '[4, 8, 12, 10, 2, 6]',
+        '[4, 8, 10, 12, 2, 6]',
+        '[4, 8, 10, 2, 12, 6]',
+        '[8, 10, 12, 14, 2, 4, 6]',
+        '[4, 10, 14, 12, 2, 8, 6]'
+        ],
+    dc.dt_code: [
+        '[{4}, {2}]',
+        '[{4}, {2}]',
+        '[{6, 8}, {2, 4}]',
+        '[{6, 8}, {4, 2}]',
+        '[{6, 8}, {4, 10, 2}]',
+        '[{8, 6}, {2, 10, 4}]',
+        '[{6, 10}, {2, 12, 4, 8}]',
+        '[{10, 6}, {8, 4, 12, 2}]',
+        '[{8, 10, 12}, {2, 6, 4}]',
+        '[{10, 8, 12}, {4, 6, 2}]',
+        '[{8, 10, 12}, {6, 2, 4}]'
+        ],
+    dc.gauss_notation: [
+        '',
+        '{1, -2, 3, -1, 2, -3}',
+        '{-1, 2, -3, 1, -4, 3, -2, 4}',
+        '{-1, 2, -3, 4, -5, 1, -2, 3, -4, 5}',
+        '{1, -2, 3, -1, 4, -5, 2, -3, 5, -4}',
+        '{1, -2, 3, -4, 2, -1, 5, -6, 4, -3, 6, -5}',
+        '{1, -2, 3, -4, 5, -6, 2, -1, 6, -3, 4, -5}',
+        '{-1, 2, -3, 1, -4, 5, -2, 3, -6, 4, -5, 6}',
+        '{1, -2, 3, -4, 5, -6, 7, -1, 2, -3, 4, -5, 6, -7}',
+        '{-1, 2, -3, 4, -5, 6, -7, 1, -2, 7, -6, 5, -4, 3}',
+        '{{1, -2}, {2, -1}}',
+        '{{1, -2}, {2, -1}}',
+        '{{1, -3, 2, -4}, {3, -1, 4, -2}}',
+        '{{1, -3, 2, -4}, {4, -1, 3, -2}}',
+        '{{1, -4, 5, -3}, {3, -1, 2, -5, 4, -2}}',
+        '{{1, -4, 5, -3}, {4, -5, 2, -1, 3, -2}}',
+        '{{1, -5, 2, -6}, {5, -1, 3, -4, 6, -2, 4, -3}}',
+        '{{1, -5, 2, -6}, {4, -2, 6, -4, 3, -1, 5, -3}}',
+        '{{1, -5, 3, -4, 2, -6}, {5, -1, 6, -3, 4, -2}}',
+        '{{1, -5, 3, -4, 2, -6}, {4, -3, 6, -1, 5, -2}}',
+        '{{1, -2, 3, -6, 4, -5}, {5, -1, 2, -3, 6, -4}}'
+        ],
+    dc.arc_notation: [
+        '{{4, 2}, {3, 1}, {4, 2}, {1, 3}}',
+        '{{2, 4}, {3, 1}, {2, 4}, {3, 1}}',
+        '{{6, 4}, {3, 5}, {4, 2}, {1, 3}, {2, 6}, {5, 1}}',
+        '{{3, 6}, {2, 5}, {6, 4}, {1, 3}, {5, 2}, {4, 1}}',
+        '{{6, 2}, {1, 4}, {3, 5}, {4, 7}, {2, 6}, {7, 3}, {5, 1}}',
+        '{{3, 5}, {6, 4}, {5, 2}, {7, 3}, {1, 6}, {2, 7}, {4, 1}}',
+        '{{8, 4}, {3, 5}, {4, 2}, {6, 3}, {5, 7}, {1, 6}, {2, 8}, {7, 1}}',
+        '{{2, 8}, {1, 7}, {8, 4}, {5, 3}, {4, 2}, {3, 6}, {7, 5}, {6, 1}}',
+        '{{8, 3}, {2, 7}, {3, 1}, {4, 8}, {5, 2}, {6, 4}, {7, 5}, {1, 6}}',
+        '{{3, 8}, {2, 7}, {8, 4}, {1, 3}, {5, 2}, {4, 6}, {7, 5}, {6, 1}}',
+        '{{8, 2}, {1, 3}, {2, 4}, {3, 5}, {4, 6}, {5, 7}, {6, 8}, {7, 1}}'
+        ],
+    dc.alternating: ['Y', 'Y', 'Y', 'Y', 'Y', 'Y', 'Y', 'Y', 'Y', 'Y', 'Y', 'Y', 'Y', 'Y', 'Y', 'Y', 'Y', 'Y', 'Y', 'Y', 'Y'],
+    dc.symmetry_type: [
+        '',
+        'reversible',
+        'fully amphicheiral',
+        'reversible',
+        'reversible',
+        'reversible',
+        'reversible',
+        'fully amphicheiral',
+        'reversible',
+        'reversible'
+        ],
+    dc.geometric_type: [
+        '',
+        'torus knot T(2,3)',
+        'hyperbolic',
+        'torus knot T(2,5)',
+        'hyperbolic',
+        'hyperbolic',
+        'hyperbolic',
+        'hyperbolic',
+        'torus knot T(2,7)',
+        'hyperbolic'],
+    dc.cosmetic_crossing: ['', 'N', 'N', 'N', 'N', 'N', 'N', 'N', 'N', 'N'],
+    dc.homfly_polynomial: [
+        '',
+        '(2*v^2-v^4)+v^2*z^2',
+        '(v^(-2)-1+v^2)-z^2',
+        '(3*v^4-2*v^6)+(4*v^4-v^6)*z^2+v^4*z^4',
+        '(v^2+v^4-v^6)+(v^2+v^4)*z^2',
+        '(v^(-2)-v^2+v^4)+(-1-v^2)*z^2',
+        '(2-2*v^2+v^4)+(1-3*v^2+v^4)*z^2-v^2*z^4',
+        '(-v^(-2)+3-v^2)+(-v^(-2)+3-v^2)*z^2+z^4',
+        '(4*v^6-3*v^8)+(10*v^6-4*v^8)*z^2+(6*v^6-v^8)*z^4+v^6*z^6',
+        '(v^2+v^6-v^8)+(v^2+v^4+v^6)*z^2'
+        ],
+    dc.homflypt_polynomial: [
+        '1/(v^3*z)-1/(v*z)-z/v',
+        'v/z-v^3/z + v*z',
+        '1/(v^5*z)-1/(v^3*z)-z/v^3-z/v',
+        'v^3/z-v^5/z + 3*v^3*z-v^5*z + v^3*z^3',
+        '1/(v*z)-v/z-z/v^3 + (2*z)/v-v*z + z^3/v',
+        '1/(v*z)-v/z-z/v^3 + (2*z)/v-v*z + z^3/v',
+        '1/(v^5*z)-1/(v^3*z)-(2*z)/v^3 + z/v-v*z + z^3/v',
+        'v^3/z-v^5/z + 2*v^3*z + v^5*z-v^7*z + v^3*z^3 + v^5*z^3',
+        '1/(v^7*z)-1/(v^5*z) + z/v^7-(2*z)/v^5-(2*z)/v^3-z^3/v^5-z^3/v^3',
+        'v^5/z-v^7/z + 2*v^3*z + 2*v^5*z-v^7*z + v^3*z^3 + v^5*z^3',
+        '1/(v^7*z)-1/(v^5*z) + (3*z)/v^7-(6*z)/v^5 + z^3/v^7-(5*z^3)/v^5-z^5/v^5'
+        ],
+    dc.kauffman_polynomial: [
+        '',
+        '(-a^(-4)-2*a^(-2))*z^(0)+ (a^(-5)+ a^(-3))*z^(1)+ (a^(-4)+ a^(-2))*z^(2)',
+        '(-a^(-2)-1-a^2)*z^(0)+ (-a^(-1)-a)*z^(1)+ (a^(-2)+ 2+ a^2)*z^(2)+ (a^(-1)+ a)*z^(3)',
+        '(2*a^(-6)+ 3*a^(-4))*z^(0)+ (a^(-9)-a^(-7)-2*a^(-5))*z^(1)+ (a^(-8)-3*a^(-6)-4*a^(-4))*z^(2)+ (a^(-7)+ a^(-5))*z^(3)+ (a^(-6)+ a^(-4))*z^(4)',
+        '(a^(-6)+ a^(-4)-a^(-2))*z^(0)+ (-2*a^(-7)-2*a^(-5))*z^(1)+ (-2*a^(-6)-a^(-4)+ a^(-2))*z^(2)+ (a^(-7)+ 2*a^(-5)+ a^(-3))*z^(3)+ (a^(-6)+ a^(-4))*z^(4)',
+        '(a^(-4)+ a^(-2)-a^2)*z^(0)+ (2*a^(-3)+ 2*a^(-1))*z^(1)+ (-3*a^(-4)-4*a^(-2)+ a^2)*z^(2)+ (-3*a^(-3)-2*a^(-1)+ a)*z^(3)+ (a^(-4)+ 2*a^(-2)+ 1)*z^(4)+ (a^(-3)+ a^(-1))*z^(5)',
+        '(a^(-4)+ 2*a^(-2)+ 2)*z^(0)+ (-a^(-5)-a^(-3))*z^(1)+ (a^(-6)-2*a^(-4)-6*a^(-2)-3)*z^(2)+ (2*a^(-5)-2*a^(-1))*z^(3)+ (2*a^(-4)+ 3*a^(-2)+ 1)*z^(4)+ (a^(-3)+ a^(-1))*z^(5)',
+        '(a^(-2)+ 3+ a^2)*z^(0)+ (-a^(-3)-2*a^(-1)-2*a-a^3)*z^(1)+ (-3*a^(-2)-6-3*a^2)*z^(2)+ (a^(-3)+ a^(-1)+ a+ a^3)*z^(3)+ (2*a^(-2)+ 4+ 2*a^2)*z^(4)+ (a^(-1)+ a)*z^(5)',
+        '(-3*a^(-8)-4*a^(-6))*z^(0)+ (a^(-13)-a^(-11)+ a^(-9)+ 3*a^(-7))*z^(1)+ (a^(-12)-2*a^(-10)+ 7*a^(-8)+ 10*a^(-6))*z^(2)+ (a^(-11)-3*a^(-9)-4*a^(-7))*z^(3)+ (a^(-10)-5*a^(-8)-6*a^(-6))*z^(4)+ (a^(-9)+ a^(-7))*z^(5)+ (a^(-8)+ a^(-6))*z^(6)',
+        '(-a^(-8)-a^(-6)-a^(-2))*z^(0)+ (3*a^(-9)+ 3*a^(-7))*z^(1)+ (4*a^(-8)+ 3*a^(-6)+ a^(-2))*z^(2)+ (-4*a^(-9)-6*a^(-7)-a^(-5)+ a^(-3))*z^(3)+ (-4*a^(-8)-3*a^(-6)+ a^(-4))*z^(4)+ (a^(-9)+ 2*a^(-7)+ a^(-5))*z^(5)+ (a^(-8)+ a^(-6))*z^(6)',
+        'a^2-a/z-a^3/z + a*z + a^3*z',
+        'a^(-2)-1/(a^3*z)-1/(a*z) + z/a^3 + z/a',
+        '-a^4 + a^3/z + a^5/z + a*z-2*a^3*z-3*a^5*z + a^2*z^2 + a^4*z^2 + a^3*z^3 + a^5*z^3',
+        '-a^(-4) + 1/(a^5*z) + 1/(a^3*z) + z/a^7-(2*z)/a^5-(3*z)/a^3 + z^2/a^6 + z^2/a^4 + z^3/a^5 + z^3/a^3',
+        '-1 + 1/(a*z) + a/z-(2*z)/a-4*a*z-2*a^3*z-z^2 + a^4*z^2 + z^3/a + 3*a*z^3 + 2*a^3*z^3 + z^4 + a^2*z^4',
+        '-1 + 1/(a*z) + a/z-(2*z)/a-4*a*z-2*a^3*z-z^2 + a^4*z^2 + z^3/a + 3*a*z^3 + 2*a^3*z^3 + z^4 + a^2*z^4',
+        '-a^4 + a^3/z + a^5/z-z/a-a^3*z-2*a^5*z-3*z^2-3*a^2*z^2 + z^3/a + a^5*z^3 + 2*z^4 + 3*a^2*z^4 + a^4*z^4 + a*z^5 + a^3*z^5',
+        '-a^(-4) + 1/(a^5*z) + 1/(a^3*z)-z/a^9-z/a^5-(2*z)/a^3-(3*z^2)/a^8-(3*z^2)/a^6 + z^3/a^9 + z^3/a^3 + (2*z^4)/a^8 + (3*z^4)/a^6 + z^4/a^4 + z^5/a^7 + z^5/a^5',
+        'a^6-a^5/z-a^7/z-2*a^3*z + 3*a^5*z + 3*a^7*z-2*a^9*z-a^4*z^2-2*a^6*z^2-a^8*z^2 + a^3*z^3-2*a^5*z^3-2*a^7*z^3 + a^9*z^3 + a^4*z^4 + 2*a^6*z^4 + a^8*z^4 + a^5*z^5 + a^7*z^5',
+        'a^(-6)-1/(a^7*z)-1/(a^5*z)-(2*z)/a^9 + (3*z)/a^7 + (3*z)/a^5-(2*z)/a^3-z^2/a^8-(2*z^2)/a^6-z^2/a^4 + z^3/a^9-(2*z^3)/a^7-(2*z^3)/a^5 + z^3/a^3 + z^4/a^8 + (2*z^4)/a^6 + z^4/a^4 + z^5/a^7 + z^5/a^5',
+        'a^6-a^5/z-a^7/z + 6*a^5*z + 4*a^7*z-a^9*z + a^11*z-3*a^6*z^2-2*a^8*z^2 + a^10*z^2-5*a^5*z^3-4*a^7*z^3 + a^9*z^3 + a^6*z^4 + a^8*z^4 + a^5*z^5 + a^7*z^5'
+        ],
+    dc.jones_polynomial: [
+        '1',
+        't+ t^3-t^4',
+        't^(-2)-t^(-1)+ 1-t+ t^2',
+        't^2+ t^4-t^5+ t^6-t^7',
+        't-t^2+ 2*t^3-t^4+ t^5-t^6',
+        't^(-2)-t^(-1)+ 2-2*t+ t^2-t^3+ t^4',
+        't^(-1)-1+ 2*t-2*t^2+ 2*t^3-2*t^4+ t^5',
+        '-t^(-3)+ 2*t^(-2)-2*t^(-1)+ 3-2*t+ 2*t^2-t^3',
+        't^3+ t^5-t^6+ t^7-t^8+ t^9-t^10',
+        't-t^2+ 2*t^3-2*t^4+ 2*t^5-t^6+ t^7-t^8',
+        '-x^(-5)-x^(-1)',
+        '-x-x^5',
+        '-x^(-9)-x^(-5) + x^(-3)-x^(-1)',
+        '-x^3-x^7 + x^9-x^11',
+        'x^(-7)-2/x^5 + x^(-3)-2/x + x-x^3',
+        'x^(-7)-2/x^5 + x^(-3)-2/x + x-x^3',
+        '-x^(-9) + x^(-7)-3/x^5 + 2/x^3-2/x + 2*x-x^3',
+        '-x^3 + x^5-3*x^7 + 2*x^9-2*x^11 + 2*x^13-x^15',
+        '-x^(-15) + x^(-13)-2/x^11 + 2/x^9-2/x^7 + x^(-5)-x^(-3)',
+        '-x^3 + x^5-2*x^7 + 2*x^9-2*x^11 + x^13-x^15',
+        '-x^(-17) + x^(-15)-x^(-13) + x^(-11)-x^(-9)-x^(-5)'
+        ],
+    dc.alexander_polynomial: [
+        '1',
+        '1-t+ t^2',
+        '1-3*t+ t^2',
+        '1-t+ t^2-t^3+ t^4',
+        '2-3*t+ 2*t^2',
+        '2-5*t+ 2*t^2',
+        '1-3*t+ 3*t^2-3*t^3+ t^4',
+        '1-3*t+ 5*t^2-3*t^3+ t^4',
+        '1-t+ t^2-t^3+ t^4-t^5+ t^6',
+        '3-5*t+ 3*t^2'],
+    dc.conway_polynomial: [
+        '1',
+        '1+z^2',
+        '1-z^2',
+        '1+3*z^2+z^4',
+        '1+2*z^2',
+        '1-2*z^2',
+        '1-z^2-z^4',
+        '1+z^2+z^4',
+        '1+6*z^2+5*z^4+z^6',
+        '1+3*z^2',
+        '-z',
+        'z',
+        '-2*z',
+        '2*z + z^3',
+        'z^3',
+        'z^3',
+        '-2*z + z^3',
+        '2*z + 2*z^3',
+        '-3*z-2*z^3',
+        '3*z + 2*z^3',
+        '-3*z-4*z^3-z^5'],
+    dc.khovanov_polynomial: [
+        '1 + q^(-2) + 1/(q^6*t^2) + 1/(q^4*t^2)',
+        '1 + q^2 + q^4*t^2 + q^6*t^2',
+        '1 + q^(-2) + 1/(q^10*t^4) + 1/(q^8*t^4) + 1/(q^6*t^2) + 1/(q^2*t)',
+        'q^2 + q^4 + q^6*t^2 + q^10*t^3 + q^10*t^4 + q^12*t^4',
+        '2 + 2/q^2 + 1/(q^8*t^3) + 1/(q^6*t^2) + 1/(q^4*t^2) + 1/(q^2*t) + t + q^4*t^2',
+        '2 + 2/q^2 + 1/(q^8*t^3) + 1/(q^6*t^2) + 1/(q^4*t^2) + 1/(q^2*t) + t + q^4*t^2',
+        '1 + 2/q^2 + 1/(q^10*t^4) + 1/(q^8*t^4) + 1/(q^8*t^3) + 2/(q^6*t^2) + 1/(q^4*t^2) + 2/(q^2*t) + t + q^2*t + q^4*t^2',
+        'q^2 + q^4 + q^4*t + 2*q^6*t^2 + q^8*t^2 + 2*q^10*t^3 + 2*q^10*t^4 + q^12*t^4 + q^12*t^5 + q^14*t^5 + q^16*t^6',
+        'q^(-4) + q^(-2) + 1/(q^16*t^6) + 1/(q^14*t^6) + 1/(q^14*t^5) + 1/(q^12*t^4) + 1/(q^10*t^4) + 1/(q^10*t^3) + 1/(q^8*t^3) + 1/(q^8*t^2) + 1/(q^6*t^2) + 1/(q^4*t)',
+        'q^2 + q^4 + q^4*t + q^6*t^2 + q^8*t^2 + q^8*t^3 + q^10*t^3 + q^10*t^4 + q^12*t^4 + q^14*t^5 + q^14*t^6 + q^16*t^6',
+        'q^(-6) + q^(-4) + 1/(q^18*t^6) + 1/(q^16*t^6) + 1/(q^16*t^5) + 1/(q^12*t^4) + 1/(q^12*t^3) + 1/(q^8*t^2)'],
+    dc.khovanov_unreduced_integral_polynomial: [
+        '',
+        'q + q^(3) + t^(2) q^(5) + t^(3) q^(9) + t^(3) q^(7) T^(2)',
+        't^(-2) q^(-5) + t^(-1) q^(-1) + q^(-1) + q + t q + t^(2) q^(5) + t^(-1) q^(-3) T^(2) + t^(2) q^(3) T^(2)',
+        'q^(3) + q^(5) + t^(2) q^(7) + t^(3) q^(11) + t^(4) q^(11) + t^(5) q^(15) + t^(3) q^(9) T^(2) + t^(5) q^(13) T^(2)',
+        'q + q^(3) + t q^(3) + t^(2) q^(5) + t^(2) q^(7) + t^(3) q^(9) + t^(4) q^(9) + t^(5) q^(13) + t^(2) q^(5) T^(2) + t^(3) q^(7) T^(2) + t^(5) q^(11) T^(2)',
+        't^(-2) q^(-5) + t^(-1) q^(-1) + 2 q^(-1) + q + t q + t q^(3) + t^(2) q^(5) + t^(3) q^(5) + t^(4) q^(9) + t^(-1) q^(-3) T^(2) + t q T^(2) + t^(2) q^(3) T^(2) + t^(4) q^(7) T^(2)',
+        't^(-2) q^(-3) + t^(-1) q + 2 q + q^(3) + t q^(3) + t q^(5) + t^(2) q^(5) + t^(2) q^(7) + t^(3) q^(7) + t^(3) q^(9) + t^(4) q^(11) + t^(-1) q^(-1) T^(2) + t q^(3) T^(2) + t^(2) q^(5) T^(2) + t^(3) q^(7) T^(2) + t^(4) q^(9) T^(2)',
+        't^(-3) q^(-7) + t^(-2) q^(-5) + t^(-2) q^(-3) + t^(-1) q^(-3) + t^(-1) q^(-1) + 2 q^(-1) + 2 q + t q + t q^(3) + t^(2) q^(3) + t^(2) q^(5) + t^(3) q^(7) + t^(-2) q^(-5) T^(2) + t^(-1) q^(-3) T^(2) + q^(-1) T^(2) + t q T^(2) + t^(2) q^(3) T^(2) + t^(3) q^(5) T^(2)',
+        'q^(5) + q^(7) + t^(2) q^(9) + t^(3) q^(13) + t^(4) q^(13) + t^(5) q^(17) + t^(6) q^(17) + t^(7) q^(21) + t^(3) q^(11) T^(2) + t^(5) q^(15) T^(2) + t^(7) q^(19) T^(2)',
+        'q + q^(3) + t q^(3) + t^(2) q^(5) + t^(2) q^(7) + t^(3) q^(7) + t^(3) q^(9) + t^(4) q^(9) + t^(4) q^(11) + t^(5) q^(13) + t^(6) q^(13) + t^(7) q^(17) + t^(2) q^(5) T^(2) + t^(3) q^(7) T^(2) + t^(4) q^(9) T^(2) + t^(5) q^(11) T^(2) + t^(7) q^(15) T^(2)'],
+    dc.khovanov_reduced_integral_polynomial: [
+        '',
+        'q^(2) + t^(2) q^(6) + t^(3) q^(8)',
+        't^(-2) q^(-4) + t^(-1) q^(-2) + 1 + t q^(2) + t^(2) q^(4)',
+        'q^(4) + t^(2) q^(8) + t^(3) q^(10) + t^(4) q^(12) + t^(5) q^(14)',
+        'q^(2) + t q^(4) + 2 t^(2) q^(6) + t^(3) q^(8) + t^(4) q^(10) + t^(5) q^(12)',
+        't^(-2) q^(-4) + t^(-1) q^(-2) + 2 + 2 t q^(2) + t^(2) q^(4) + t^(3) q^(6) + t^(4) q^(8)',
+        't^(-2) q^(-2) + t^(-1) + 2 q^(2) + 2 t q^(4) + 2 t^(2) q^(6) + 2 t^(3) q^(8) + t^(4) q^(10)',
+        't^(-3) q^(-6) + 2 t^(-2) q^(-4) + 2 t^(-1) q^(-2) + 3 + 2 t q^(2) + 2 t^(2) q^(4) + t^(3) q^(6)',
+        'q^(6) + t^(2) q^(10) + t^(3) q^(12) + t^(4) q^(14) + t^(5) q^(16) + t^(6) q^(18) + t^(7) q^(20)',
+        'q^(2) + t q^(4) + 2 t^(2) q^(6) + 2 t^(3) q^(8) + 2 t^(4) q^(10) + t^(5) q^(12) + t^(6) q^(14) + t^(7) q^(16)'],
+    dc.khovanov_reduced_rational_polynomial: [
+        '',
+        ' q^(2) + t^(2) q^(6) + t^(3) q^(8)',
+        't^(-2) q^(-4) + t^(-1) q^(-2) + 1 + t q^(2) + t^(2) q^(4)',
+        ' q^(4) + t^(2) q^(8) + t^(3) q^(10) + t^(4) q^(12) + t^(5) q^(14)',
+        ' q^(2) + t q^(4) + 2 t^(2) q^(6) + t^(3) q^(8) + t^(4) q^(10) + t^(5) q^(12)',
+        't^(-2) q^(-4) + t^(-1) q^(-2) + 2 + 2 t q^(2) + t^(2) q^(4) + t^(3) q^(6) + t^(4) q^(8)',
+        't^(-2) q^(-2) + t^(-1) + 2 q^(2) + 2 t q^(4) + 2 t^(2) q^(6) + 2 t^(3) q^(8) + t^(4) q^(10)',
+        't^(-3) q^(-6) + 2 t^(-2) q^(-4) + 2 t^(-1) q^(-2) + 3 + 2 t q^(2) + 2 t^(2) q^(4) + t^(3) q^(6)',
+        ' q^(6) + t^(2) q^(10) + t^(3) q^(12) + t^(4) q^(14) + t^(5) q^(16) + t^(6) q^(18) + t^(7) q^(20)',
+        ' q^(2) + t q^(4) + 2 t^(2) q^(6) + 2 t^(3) q^(8) + 2 t^(4) q^(10) + t^(5) q^(12) + t^(6) q^(14) + t^(7) q^(16)'],
+    dc.khovanov_reduced_mod2_polynomial: [
+        '',
+        ' q^(2) + t^(2) q^(6) + t^(3) q^(8)',
+        't^(-2) q^(-4) + t^(-1) q^(-2) + 1 + t q^(2) + t^(2) q^(4)',
+        ' q^(4) + t^(2) q^(8) + t^(3) q^(10) + t^(4) q^(12) + t^(5) q^(14)',
+        ' q^(2) + t q^(4) + 2 t^(2) q^(6) + t^(3) q^(8) + t^(4) q^(10) + t^(5) q^(12)',
+        't^(-2) q^(-4) + t^(-1) q^(-2) + 2 + 2 t q^(2) + t^(2) q^(4) + t^(3) q^(6) + t^(4) q^(8)',
+        't^(-2) q^(-2) + t^(-1) + 2 q^(2) + 2 t q^(4) + 2 t^(2) q^(6) + 2 t^(3) q^(8) + t^(4) q^(10)',
+        't^(-3) q^(-6) + 2 t^(-2) q^(-4) + 2 t^(-1) q^(-2) + 3 + 2 t q^(2) + 2 t^(2) q^(4) + t^(3) q^(6)',
+        ' q^(6) + t^(2) q^(10) + t^(3) q^(12) + t^(4) q^(14) + t^(5) q^(16) + t^(6) q^(18) + t^(7) q^(20)',
+        ' q^(2) + t q^(4) + 2 t^(2) q^(6) + 2 t^(3) q^(8) + 2 t^(4) q^(10) + t^(5) q^(12) + t^(6) q^(14) + t^(7) q^(16)'],
+    dc.khovanov_odd_integral_polynomial: [
+        '',
+        'q^(2) + t^(2) q^(6) + t^(3) q^(8)',
+        't^(-2) q^(-4) + t^(-1) q^(-2) + 1 + t q^(2) + t^(2) q^(4)',
+        'q^(4) + t^(2) q^(8) + t^(3) q^(10) + t^(4) q^(12) + t^(5) q^(14)',
+        'q^(2) + t q^(4) + 2 t^(2) q^(6) + t^(3) q^(8) + t^(4) q^(10) + t^(5) q^(12)',
+        't^(-2) q^(-4) + t^(-1) q^(-2) + 2 + 2 t q^(2) + t^(2) q^(4) + t^(3) q^(6) + t^(4) q^(8)',
+        't^(-2) q^(-2) + t^(-1) + 2 q^(2) + 2 t q^(4) + 2 t^(2) q^(6) + 2 t^(3) q^(8) + t^(4) q^(10)',
+        't^(-3) q^(-6) + 2 t^(-2) q^(-4) + 2 t^(-1) q^(-2) + 3 + 2 t q^(2) + 2 t^(2) q^(4) + t^(3) q^(6)',
+        'q^(6) + t^(2) q^(10) + t^(3) q^(12) + t^(4) q^(14) + t^(5) q^(16) + t^(6) q^(18) + t^(7) q^(20)',
+        'q^(2) + t q^(4) + 2 t^(2) q^(6) + 2 t^(3) q^(8) + 2 t^(4) q^(10) + t^(5) q^(12) + t^(6) q^(14) + t^(7) q^(16)'],
+    dc.khovanov_odd_rational_polynomial: [
+        '',
+        ' q^(2) + t^(2) q^(6) + t^(3) q^(8)',
+        't^(-2) q^(-4) + t^(-1) q^(-2) + 1 + t q^(2) + t^(2) q^(4)',
+        ' q^(4) + t^(2) q^(8) + t^(3) q^(10) + t^(4) q^(12) + t^(5) q^(14)',
+        ' q^(2) + t q^(4) + 2 t^(2) q^(6) + t^(3) q^(8) + t^(4) q^(10) + t^(5) q^(12)',
+        't^(-2) q^(-4) + t^(-1) q^(-2) + 2 + 2 t q^(2) + t^(2) q^(4) + t^(3) q^(6) + t^(4) q^(8)',
+        't^(-2) q^(-2) + t^(-1) + 2 q^(2) + 2 t q^(4) + 2 t^(2) q^(6) + 2 t^(3) q^(8) + t^(4) q^(10)',
+        't^(-3) q^(-6) + 2 t^(-2) q^(-4) + 2 t^(-1) q^(-2) + 3 + 2 t q^(2) + 2 t^(2) q^(4) + t^(3) q^(6)',
+        ' q^(6) + t^(2) q^(10) + t^(3) q^(12) + t^(4) q^(14) + t^(5) q^(16) + t^(6) q^(18) + t^(7) q^(20)',
+        ' q^(2) + t q^(4) + 2 t^(2) q^(6) + 2 t^(3) q^(8) + 2 t^(4) q^(10) + t^(5) q^(12) + t^(6) q^(14) + t^(7) q^(16)'],
+    dc.khovanov_odd_mod2_polynomial: [
+        '',
+        ' q^(2) + t^(2) q^(6) + t^(3) q^(8)',
+        't^(-2) q^(-4) + t^(-1) q^(-2) + 1 + t q^(2) + t^(2) q^(4)',
+        ' q^(4) + t^(2) q^(8) + t^(3) q^(10) + t^(4) q^(12) + t^(5) q^(14)',
+        ' q^(2) + t q^(4) + 2 t^(2) q^(6) + t^(3) q^(8) + t^(4) q^(10) + t^(5) q^(12)',
+        't^(-2) q^(-4) + t^(-1) q^(-2) + 2 + 2 t q^(2) + t^(2) q^(4) + t^(3) q^(6) + t^(4) q^(8)',
+        't^(-2) q^(-2) + t^(-1) + 2 q^(2) + 2 t q^(4) + 2 t^(2) q^(6) + 2 t^(3) q^(8) + t^(4) q^(10)',
+        't^(-3) q^(-6) + 2 t^(-2) q^(-4) + 2 t^(-1) q^(-2) + 3 + 2 t q^(2) + 2 t^(2) q^(4) + t^(3) q^(6)',
+        ' q^(6) + t^(2) q^(10) + t^(3) q^(12) + t^(4) q^(14) + t^(5) q^(16) + t^(6) q^(18) + t^(7) q^(20)',
+        ' q^(2) + t q^(4) + 2 t^(2) q^(6) + 2 t^(3) q^(8) + 2 t^(4) q^(10) + t^(5) q^(12) + t^(6) q^(14) + t^(7) q^(16)']
+}