passagemath-graphs 10.6.1rc1__cp310-cp310-musllinux_1_2_aarch64.whl

sage/combinat/posets/poset_examples.py

@@ -0,0 +1,2178 @@
+# sage_setup: distribution = sagemath-graphs
+# sage.doctest: needs sage.combinat sage.modules
+r"""
+Catalog of posets and lattices
+
+Some common posets can be accessed through the ``posets.<tab>`` object::
+
+    sage: posets.PentagonPoset()
+    Finite lattice containing 5 elements
+
+Moreover, the set of all posets of order `n` is represented by ``Posets(n)``::
+
+    sage: Posets(5)
+    Posets containing 5 elements
+
+The infinite set of all posets can be used to find minimal examples::
+
+    sage: for P in Posets():
+    ....:     if not P.is_series_parallel():
+    ....:         break
+    sage: P
+    Finite poset containing 4 elements
+
+**Catalog of common posets:**
+
+.. csv-table::
+    :class: contentstable
+    :widths: 30, 70
+    :delim: |
+
+    :meth:`~Posets.AntichainPoset` | Return an antichain on `n` elements.
+    :meth:`~Posets.BooleanLattice` | Return the Boolean lattice on `2^n` elements.
+    :meth:`~Posets.BubblePoset` | Return the Bubble lattice for `(m,n)`.
+    :meth:`~Posets.ChainPoset` | Return a chain on `n` elements.
+    :meth:`~Posets.Crown` | Return the crown poset on `2n` elements.
+    :meth:`~Posets.DexterSemilattice` | Return the Dexter semilattice.
+    :meth:`~Posets.DiamondPoset` | Return the lattice of rank two on `n` elements.
+    :meth:`~Posets.DivisorLattice` | Return the divisor lattice of an integer.
+    :meth:`~Posets.DoubleTailedDiamond` | Return the double tailed diamond poset on `2n + 2` elements.
+    :meth:`~Posets.HochschildLattice` | Return the Hochschild lattice for `n`.
+    :meth:`~Posets.IntegerCompositions` | Return the poset of integer compositions of `n`.
+    :meth:`~Posets.IntegerPartitions` | Return the poset of integer partitions of ``n``.
+    :meth:`~Posets.IntegerPartitionsDominanceOrder` | Return the lattice of integer partitions of the integer `n` ordered by dominance.
+    :meth:`~Posets.MobilePoset` | Return the mobile poset formed by the `ribbon` with `hangers` below and an `anchor` above.
+    :meth:`~Posets.NoncrossingPartitions` | Return the poset of noncrossing partitions of a finite Coxeter group ``W``.
+    :meth:`~Posets.PentagonPoset` | Return the Pentagon poset.
+    :meth:`~Posets.PermutationPattern` | Return the Permutation pattern poset.
+    :meth:`~Posets.PermutationPatternInterval` | Return an interval in the Permutation pattern poset.
+    :meth:`~Posets.PermutationPatternOccurrenceInterval` | Return the occurrence poset for a pair of comparable elements in the Permutation pattern poset.
+    :meth:`~Posets.PowerPoset` | Return a power poset.
+    :meth:`~Posets.ProductOfChains` | Return a product of chain posets.
+    :meth:`~Posets.RandomLattice` | Return a random lattice on `n` elements.
+    :meth:`~Posets.RandomPoset` | Return a random poset on `n` elements.
+    :meth:`~Posets.RibbonPoset` | Return a ribbon on `n` elements with descents at `descents`.
+    :meth:`~Posets.RestrictedIntegerPartitions` | Return the poset of integer partitions of `n`, ordered by restricted refinement.
+    :meth:`~Posets.SetPartitions` | Return the poset of set partitions of the set `\{1,\dots,n\}`.
+    :meth:`~Posets.ShardPoset` | Return the shard intersection order.
+    :meth:`~Posets.ShufflePoset` | Return the Shuffle lattice for `(m,n)`.
+    :meth:`~Posets.SSTPoset` | Return the poset on semistandard tableaux of shape `s` and largest entry `f` that is ordered by componentwise comparison.
+    :meth:`~Posets.StandardExample` | Return the standard example of a poset with dimension `n`.
+    :meth:`~Posets.SymmetricGroupAbsoluteOrderPoset` | The poset of permutations with respect to absolute order.
+    :meth:`~Posets.SymmetricGroupBruhatIntervalPoset` | The poset of permutations with respect to Bruhat order.
+    :meth:`~Posets.SymmetricGroupBruhatOrderPoset` | The poset of permutations with respect to Bruhat order.
+    :meth:`~Posets.SymmetricGroupWeakOrderPoset` | The poset of permutations of `\{ 1, 2, \ldots, n \}` with respect to the weak order.
+    :meth:`~Posets.TamariLattice` | Return the Tamari lattice.
+    :meth:`~Posets.TetrahedralPoset` | Return the Tetrahedral poset with `n-1` layers based on the input colors.
+    :meth:`~Posets.UpDownPoset` | Return the up-down poset on `n` elements.
+    :meth:`~Posets.YoungDiagramPoset` | Return the poset of cells in the Young diagram of a partition.
+    :meth:`~Posets.YoungsLattice` | Return Young's Lattice up to rank `n`.
+    :meth:`~Posets.YoungsLatticePrincipalOrderIdeal` | Return the principal order ideal of the partition `lam` in Young's Lattice.
+    :meth:`~Posets.YoungFibonacci` | Return the Young-Fibonacci lattice up to rank `n`.
+
+**Other available posets:**
+
+.. csv-table::
+    :class: contentstable
+    :widths: 30, 70
+    :delim: |
+
+    :meth:`~sage.geometry.polyhedron.base4.Polyhedron_base4.face_lattice` | Return the face lattice of a polyhedron.
+    :meth:`~sage.geometry.polyhedron.combinatorial_polyhedron.base.CombinatorialPolyhedron.face_lattice` | Return the face lattice of a combinatorial polyhedron.
+
+Constructions
+-------------
+"""
+# ****************************************************************************
+#       Copyright (C) 2008 Peter Jipsen <jipsen@chapman.edu>,
+#                          Franco Saliola <saliola@gmail.com>
+#
+#  Distributed under the terms of the GNU General Public License (GPL)
+#
+#    This code is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+#    but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+#    MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the GNU
+#    General Public License for more details.
+#
+#  The full text of the GPL is available at:
+#
+#                  https://www.gnu.org/licenses/
+# ****************************************************************************
+
+from sage.misc.classcall_metaclass import ClasscallMetaclass
+import sage.categories.posets
+from sage.combinat.permutation import Permutations, Permutation, to_standard
+from sage.combinat.posets.posets import Poset, FinitePoset, FinitePosets_n
+from sage.combinat.posets import bubble_shuffle, hochschild_lattice
+from sage.combinat.posets.d_complete import DCompletePoset
+from sage.combinat.posets.mobile import MobilePoset as Mobile
+from sage.combinat.posets.lattices import (LatticePoset, MeetSemilattice,
+                                           JoinSemilattice, FiniteLatticePoset)
+from sage.categories.finite_posets import FinitePosets
+from sage.categories.finite_lattice_posets import FiniteLatticePosets
+from sage.graphs.digraph import DiGraph
+from sage.rings.integer import Integer
+from sage.sets.non_negative_integers import NonNegativeIntegers
+
+
+def check_int(n, minimum=0):
+    """
+    Check that ``n`` is an integer at least equal to ``minimum``.
+
+    This is a boilerplate function ensuring input safety.
+
+    INPUT:
+
+    - ``n`` -- anything
+
+    - ``minimum`` -- an optional integer (default: 0)
+
+    EXAMPLES::
+
+        sage: from sage.combinat.posets.poset_examples import check_int
+        sage: check_int(6, 3)
+        6
+        sage: check_int(6)
+        6
+
+        sage: check_int(-1)
+        Traceback (most recent call last):
+        ...
+        ValueError: number of elements must be a nonnegative integer, not -1
+
+        sage: check_int(1, 3)
+        Traceback (most recent call last):
+        ...
+        ValueError: number of elements must be an integer at least 3, not 1
+
+        sage: check_int('junk')
+        Traceback (most recent call last):
+        ...
+        ValueError: number of elements must be a nonnegative integer, not junk
+    """
+    if minimum == 0:
+        msg = "a nonnegative integer"
+    else:
+        msg = f"an integer at least {minimum}"
+    if n not in NonNegativeIntegers() or n < minimum:
+        raise ValueError("number of elements must be " + msg + f", not {n}")
+    return Integer(n)
+
+
+class Posets(metaclass=ClasscallMetaclass):
+    r"""
+    A collection of posets and lattices.
+
+    EXAMPLES::
+
+        sage: posets.BooleanLattice(3)
+        Finite lattice containing 8 elements
+        sage: posets.ChainPoset(3)
+        Finite lattice containing 3 elements
+        sage: posets.RandomPoset(17,.15)
+        Finite poset containing 17 elements
+
+    The category of all posets::
+
+        sage: Posets()
+        Category of posets
+
+    The enumerated set of all posets on `3` elements, up to an
+    isomorphism::
+
+        sage: Posets(3)
+        Posets containing 3 elements
+
+    .. SEEALSO:: :class:`~sage.categories.posets.Posets`, :class:`FinitePosets`, :func:`Poset`
+
+    TESTS::
+
+        sage: P = Posets
+        sage: TestSuite(P).run()
+    """
+    @staticmethod
+    def __classcall__(cls, n=None):
+        r"""
+        Return either the category of all posets, or the finite
+        enumerated set of all finite posets on ``n`` elements up to an
+        isomorphism.
+
+        EXAMPLES::
+
+            sage: Posets()
+            Category of posets
+            sage: Posets(4)
+            Posets containing 4 elements
+        """
+        if n is None:
+            return sage.categories.posets.Posets()
+        n = check_int(n)
+        return FinitePosets_n(n)
+
+    @staticmethod
+    def BooleanLattice(n, facade=None, use_subsets=False):
+        r"""
+        Return the Boolean lattice containing `2^n` elements.
+
+        - ``n`` -- integer; number of elements will be `2^n`
+        - ``facade`` -- boolean; whether to make the returned poset a
+          facade poset (see :mod:`sage.categories.facade_sets`); the
+          default behaviour is the same as the default behaviour of
+          the :func:`~sage.combinat.posets.posets.Poset` constructor
+        - ``use_subsets`` -- boolean (default: ``False``); if ``True``,
+          then label the elements by subsets of `\{1, 2, \ldots, n\}`;
+          otherwise label the elements by `0, 1, 2, \ldots, 2^n-1`
+
+        EXAMPLES::
+
+            sage: posets.BooleanLattice(5)
+            Finite lattice containing 32 elements
+
+            sage: sorted(posets.BooleanLattice(2))
+            [0, 1, 2, 3]
+            sage: sorted(posets.BooleanLattice(2, use_subsets=True), key=list)
+            [{}, {1}, {1, 2}, {2}]
+
+        TESTS:
+
+        Check isomorphism::
+
+            sage: B5 = posets.BooleanLattice(5)
+            sage: B5S = posets.BooleanLattice(5, use_subsets=True)
+            sage: B5.is_isomorphic(B5S)
+            True
+
+        Check the corner cases::
+
+            sage: list(posets.BooleanLattice(0, use_subsets=True))
+            [{}]
+            sage: list(posets.BooleanLattice(1, use_subsets=True))
+            [{}, {1}]
+        """
+        n = check_int(n)
+        if n == 0:
+            if use_subsets:
+                from sage.sets.set import Set
+                return LatticePoset(([Set()], []), facade=facade)
+            return LatticePoset(([0], []), facade=facade)
+        if n == 1:
+            if use_subsets:
+                from sage.sets.set import Set
+                V = [Set(), Set([1])]
+                return LatticePoset((V, [V]), facade=facade)
+            return LatticePoset(([0, 1], [[0, 1]]), facade=facade)
+
+        if use_subsets:
+            from sage.sets.set import Set
+            cur_level = [frozenset(range(1, n + 1))]
+            D = DiGraph()
+            D.add_vertex(Set(cur_level[0]))
+            while cur_level:
+                next_level = set()
+                for X in cur_level:
+                    for i in X:
+                        Y = X.difference([i])
+                        D.add_edge(Set(Y), Set(X))
+                        next_level.add(Y)
+                cur_level = next_level
+            return FiniteLatticePoset(D, category=FiniteLatticePosets(),
+                                      facade=facade)
+
+        D = DiGraph({v: [Integer(v | (1 << y))
+                         for y in range(n) if v & (1 << y) == 0]
+                     for v in range(2**n)})
+        return FiniteLatticePoset(hasse_diagram=D,
+                                  category=FiniteLatticePosets(),
+                                  facade=facade)
+
+    BubblePoset = staticmethod(bubble_shuffle.BubblePoset)
+
+    ShufflePoset = staticmethod(bubble_shuffle.ShufflePoset)
+
+    HochschildLattice = staticmethod(hochschild_lattice.hochschild_lattice)
+
+    @staticmethod
+    def ChainPoset(n, facade=None):
+        r"""
+        Return a chain (a totally ordered poset) containing `n` elements.
+
+        - ``n`` -- integer; number of elements
+        - ``facade`` -- boolean; whether to make the returned poset a
+          facade poset (see :mod:`sage.categories.facade_sets`); the
+          default behaviour is the same as the default behaviour of
+          the :func:`~sage.combinat.posets.posets.Poset` constructor
+
+        EXAMPLES::
+
+            sage: C = posets.ChainPoset(6); C
+            Finite lattice containing 6 elements
+            sage: C.linear_extension()
+            [0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5]
+
+        TESTS::
+
+            sage: for i in range(5):
+            ....:     for j in range(5):
+            ....:         if C.covers(C(i),C(j)) and j != i+1:
+            ....:             print("TEST FAILED")
+
+        Check that :issue:`8422` is solved::
+
+            sage: posets.ChainPoset(0)
+            Finite lattice containing 0 elements
+            sage: C = posets.ChainPoset(1); C
+            Finite lattice containing 1 elements
+            sage: C.cover_relations()
+            []
+            sage: C = posets.ChainPoset(2); C
+            Finite lattice containing 2 elements
+            sage: C.cover_relations()
+            [[0, 1]]
+        """
+        n = check_int(n)
+        D = DiGraph([range(n), [[x, x + 1] for x in range(n - 1)]],
+                    format='vertices_and_edges')
+        return FiniteLatticePoset(hasse_diagram=D,
+                                  category=FiniteLatticePosets(),
+                                  facade=facade)
+
+    @staticmethod
+    def AntichainPoset(n, facade=None):
+        """
+        Return an antichain (a poset with no comparable elements)
+        containing `n` elements.
+
+        INPUT:
+
+        - ``n`` -- integer; number of elements
+        - ``facade`` -- boolean; whether to make the returned poset a
+          facade poset (see :mod:`sage.categories.facade_sets`); the
+          default behaviour is the same as the default behaviour of
+          the :func:`~sage.combinat.posets.posets.Poset` constructor
+
+        EXAMPLES::
+
+            sage: A = posets.AntichainPoset(6); A
+            Finite poset containing 6 elements
+
+        TESTS::
+
+            sage: for i in range(5):
+            ....:     for j in range(5):
+            ....:         if A.covers(A(i),A(j)):
+            ....:             print("TEST FAILED")
+
+        TESTS:
+
+        Check that :issue:`8422` is solved::
+
+            sage: posets.AntichainPoset(0)
+            Finite poset containing 0 elements
+            sage: C = posets.AntichainPoset(1); C
+            Finite poset containing 1 elements
+            sage: C.cover_relations()
+            []
+            sage: C = posets.AntichainPoset(2); C
+            Finite poset containing 2 elements
+            sage: C.cover_relations()
+            []
+        """
+        n = check_int(n)
+        return Poset((range(n), []), facade=facade)
+
+    @staticmethod
+    def PentagonPoset(facade=None):
+        """
+        Return the Pentagon poset.
+
+        INPUT:
+
+        - ``facade`` -- boolean; whether to make the returned poset a
+          facade poset (see :mod:`sage.categories.facade_sets`); the
+          default behaviour is the same as the default behaviour of
+          the :func:`~sage.combinat.posets.posets.Poset` constructor
+
+        EXAMPLES::
+
+            sage: P = posets.PentagonPoset(); P
+            Finite lattice containing 5 elements
+            sage: P.cover_relations()
+            [[0, 1], [0, 2], [1, 4], [2, 3], [3, 4]]
+
+        TESTS:
+
+        This is smallest lattice that is not modular::
+
+            sage: P.is_modular()
+            False
+
+        This poset and the :meth:`DiamondPoset` are the two smallest
+        lattices which are not distributive::
+
+            sage: P.is_distributive()
+            False
+            sage: posets.DiamondPoset(5).is_distributive()
+            False
+        """
+        return LatticePoset([[1, 2], [4], [3], [4], []], facade=facade)
+
+    @staticmethod
+    def DiamondPoset(n, facade=None):
+        """
+        Return the lattice of rank two containing ``n`` elements.
+
+        INPUT:
+
+        - ``n`` -- number of elements, an integer at least 3
+
+        - ``facade`` -- boolean; whether to make the returned poset a
+          facade poset (see :mod:`sage.categories.facade_sets`); the
+          default behaviour is the same as the default behaviour of
+          the :func:`~sage.combinat.posets.posets.Poset` constructor
+
+        EXAMPLES::
+
+            sage: posets.DiamondPoset(7)
+            Finite lattice containing 7 elements
+        """
+        n = check_int(n, 3)
+        c = [[n - 1] for x in range(n)]
+        c[0] = list(range(1, n - 1))
+        c[n - 1] = []
+        D = DiGraph({v: c[v] for v in range(n)}, format='dict_of_lists')
+        return FiniteLatticePoset(hasse_diagram=D,
+                                  category=FiniteLatticePosets(),
+                                  facade=facade)
+
+    @staticmethod
+    def Crown(n, facade=None):
+        r"""
+        Return the crown poset of `2n` elements.
+
+        In this poset every element `i` for `0 \leq i \leq n-1`
+        is covered by elements `i+n` and `i+n+1`, except that
+        `n-1` is covered by `n` and `n+1`.
+
+        INPUT:
+
+        - ``n`` -- number of elements, an integer at least 2
+
+        - ``facade`` -- boolean; whether to make the returned poset a
+          facade poset (see :mod:`sage.categories.facade_sets`); the
+          default behaviour is the same as the default behaviour of
+          the :func:`~sage.combinat.posets.posets.Poset` constructor
+
+        EXAMPLES::
+
+            sage: posets.Crown(3)
+            Finite poset containing 6 elements
+        """
+        n = check_int(n, 2)
+        D = {i: [i + n, i + n + 1] for i in range(n - 1)}
+        D[n - 1] = [n, n + n - 1]
+        return FinitePoset(hasse_diagram=DiGraph(D), category=FinitePosets(),
+                           facade=facade)
+
+    @staticmethod
+    def DivisorLattice(n, facade=None):
+        r"""
+        Return the divisor lattice of an integer.
+
+        Elements of the lattice are divisors of `n`, and we have
+        `x \leq y` in the lattice if `x` divides `y`.
+
+        INPUT:
+
+        - ``n`` -- integer
+        - ``facade`` -- boolean; whether to make the returned poset a
+          facade poset (see :mod:`sage.categories.facade_sets`); the
+          default behaviour is the same as the default behaviour of
+          the :func:`~sage.combinat.posets.posets.Poset` constructor
+
+        EXAMPLES::
+
+            sage: P = posets.DivisorLattice(12)
+            sage: sorted(P.cover_relations())
+            [[1, 2], [1, 3], [2, 4], [2, 6], [3, 6], [4, 12], [6, 12]]
+
+            sage: P = posets.DivisorLattice(10, facade=False)
+            sage: P(2) < P(5)
+            False
+
+        TESTS::
+
+            sage: posets.DivisorLattice(1)
+            Finite lattice containing 1 elements with distinguished linear extension
+        """
+        from sage.arith.misc import divisors, is_prime
+        n = check_int(n, 1)
+        Div_n = divisors(n)
+        hasse = DiGraph([Div_n, lambda a, b: b % a == 0 and is_prime(b // a)])
+        return FiniteLatticePoset(hasse, elements=Div_n, facade=facade,
+                                  category=FiniteLatticePosets())
+
+    @staticmethod
+    def HessenbergPoset(H):
+        r"""
+        Return the poset associated to a Hessenberg function ``H``.
+
+        A *Hessenberg function* (of length `n`) is a function `H: \{1,\ldots,n\}
+        \to \{1,\ldots,n\}` such that `\max(i, H(i-1)) \leq H(i) \leq n` for all
+        `i` (where `H(0) = 0` by convention). The corresponding poset is given
+        by `i < j` (in the poset) if and only if `H(i) < j` (as integers).
+        These posets correspond to the natural unit interval order posets.
+
+        INPUT:
+
+        - ``H`` -- list of the Hessenberg function values
+          (without `H(0)`)
+
+        EXAMPLES::
+
+            sage: P = posets.HessenbergPoset([2, 3, 5, 5, 5]); P
+            Finite poset containing 5 elements
+            sage: P.cover_relations()
+            [[2, 4], [2, 5], [1, 3], [1, 4], [1, 5]]
+
+        TESTS::
+
+            sage: P = posets.HessenbergPoset([2, 2, 6, 4, 5, 6])
+            Traceback (most recent call last):
+            ...
+            ValueError: [2, 2, 6, 4, 5, 6] is not a Hessenberg function
+            sage: P = posets.HessenbergPoset([]); P
+            Finite poset containing 0 elements
+        """
+        n = len(H)
+        if not all(max(i+1, H[i-1]) <= H[i] for i in range(1, n)) or 0 < n < H[-1]:
+            raise ValueError(f"{H} is not a Hessenberg function")
+        return Poset((tuple(range(1, n+1)), lambda i, j: H[i-1] < j))
+
+    @staticmethod
+    def IntegerCompositions(n):
+        r"""
+        Return the poset of integer compositions of the integer ``n``.
+
+        A composition of a positive integer `n` is a list of positive
+        integers that sum to `n`. The order is reverse refinement:
+        `p = [p_1,p_2,...,p_l] \leq q = [q_1,q_2,...,q_m]` if `q`
+        consists of an integer composition of `p_1`, followed by an
+        integer composition of `p_2`, and so on.
+
+        EXAMPLES::
+
+            sage: P = posets.IntegerCompositions(7); P
+            Finite poset containing 64 elements
+            sage: len(P.cover_relations())
+            192
+        """
+        from sage.combinat.composition import Compositions
+        C = Compositions(n)
+        return Poset((C, [[c, d] for c in C for d in C if d.is_finer(c)]),
+                     cover_relations=False)
+
+    @staticmethod
+    def IntegerPartitions(n):
+        """
+        Return the poset of integer partitions of the integer ``n``.
+
+        A partition of a positive integer `n` is a non-increasing list
+        of positive integers that sum to `n`. If `p` and `q` are
+        integer partitions of `n`, then `p` covers `q` if and only
+        if `q` is obtained from `p` by joining two parts of `p`
+        (and sorting, if necessary).
+
+        EXAMPLES::
+
+            sage: P = posets.IntegerPartitions(7); P
+            Finite poset containing 15 elements
+            sage: len(P.cover_relations())
+            28
+        """
+        def lower_covers(partition):
+            r"""
+            Nested function for computing the lower covers
+            of elements in the poset of integer partitions.
+            """
+            lc = []
+            for i in range(len(partition) - 1):
+                for j in range(i + 1, len(partition)):
+                    new_partition = partition[:]
+                    del new_partition[j]
+                    del new_partition[i]
+                    new_partition.append(partition[i] + partition[j])
+                    new_partition.sort(reverse=True)
+                    tup = tuple(new_partition)
+                    if tup not in lc:
+                        lc.append(tup)
+            return lc
+        from sage.combinat.partition import Partitions
+        H = DiGraph(dict([[tuple(p), lower_covers(p)] for p in Partitions(n)]))
+        return Poset(H.reverse())
+
+    @staticmethod
+    def RestrictedIntegerPartitions(n):
+        """
+        Return the poset of integer partitions of the integer `n`
+        ordered by restricted refinement.
+
+        That is, if `p` and `q` are integer partitions of `n`, then
+        `p` covers `q` if and only if `q` is obtained from `p` by
+        joining two distinct parts of `p` (and sorting, if necessary).
+
+        EXAMPLES::
+
+            sage: P = posets.RestrictedIntegerPartitions(7); P
+            Finite poset containing 15 elements
+            sage: len(P.cover_relations())
+            17
+        """
+        def lower_covers(partition):
+            r"""
+            Nested function for computing the lower covers of elements in the
+            restricted poset of integer partitions.
+            """
+            lc = []
+            for i in range(len(partition) - 1):
+                for j in range(i + 1, len(partition)):
+                    if partition[i] != partition[j]:
+                        new_partition = partition[:]
+                        del new_partition[j]
+                        del new_partition[i]
+                        new_partition.append(partition[i] + partition[j])
+                        new_partition.sort(reverse=True)
+                        tup = tuple(new_partition)
+                        if tup not in lc:
+                            lc.append(tup)
+            return lc
+        from sage.combinat.partition import Partitions
+        H = DiGraph(dict([[tuple(p), lower_covers(p)] for p in Partitions(n)]))
+        return Poset(H.reverse())
+
+    @staticmethod
+    def IntegerPartitionsDominanceOrder(n):
+        r"""
+        Return the lattice of integer partitions of the integer `n`
+        ordered by dominance.
+
+        That is, if `p=(p_1,\ldots,p_i)` and `q=(q_1,\ldots,q_j)` are
+        integer partitions of `n`, then `p \geq q` if and
+        only if `p_1+\cdots+p_k \geq q_1+\cdots+q_k` for all `k`.
+
+        INPUT:
+
+        - ``n`` -- positive integer
+
+        EXAMPLES::
+
+            sage: P = posets.IntegerPartitionsDominanceOrder(6); P
+            Finite lattice containing 11 elements
+            sage: P.cover_relations()
+            [[[1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1], [2, 1, 1, 1, 1]],
+             [[2, 1, 1, 1, 1], [2, 2, 1, 1]],
+             [[2, 2, 1, 1], [2, 2, 2]],
+             [[2, 2, 1, 1], [3, 1, 1, 1]],
+             [[2, 2, 2], [3, 2, 1]],
+             [[3, 1, 1, 1], [3, 2, 1]],
+             [[3, 2, 1], [3, 3]],
+             [[3, 2, 1], [4, 1, 1]],
+             [[3, 3], [4, 2]],
+             [[4, 1, 1], [4, 2]],
+             [[4, 2], [5, 1]],
+             [[5, 1], [6]]]
+        """
+        n = check_int(n)
+        from sage.combinat.partition import Partitions, Partition
+        return LatticePoset((Partitions(n), Partition.dominates)).dual()
+
+    @staticmethod
+    def PowerPoset(n):
+        r"""
+        Return the power poset on `n` element posets.
+
+        Elements of the power poset are all posets on
+        the set `\{0, 1, \ldots, n-1\}` ordered by extension.
+        That is, the antichain of `n` elements is the bottom and
+        `P_a \le P_b` in the power poset if `P_b` is an extension
+        of `P_a`.
+
+        These were studied in [Bru1994]_.
+
+        EXAMPLES::
+
+            sage: P3 = posets.PowerPoset(3); P3
+            Finite meet-semilattice containing 19 elements
+            sage: all(P.is_chain() for P in P3.maximal_elements())
+            True
+
+        TESTS::
+
+            sage: P0 = posets.PowerPoset(0); P0
+            Finite meet-semilattice containing 1 elements
+            sage: P0[0]
+            Finite poset containing 0 elements
+            sage: P1 = posets.PowerPoset(1); P1
+            Finite meet-semilattice containing 1 elements
+            sage: P1[0]
+            Finite poset containing 1 elements
+            sage: P1[0][0]
+            0
+        """
+        # Todo: Make this faster.
+        n = check_int(n)
+        all_pos_n = set()
+        Pn = list(Posets(n))
+        for P in Pn:
+            for r in Permutations(P):
+                all_pos_n.add(P.relabel(list(r)))
+
+        return MeetSemilattice((all_pos_n,
+                                lambda A, B: all(B.is_lequal(x, y)
+                                                 for x, y in A.cover_relations_iterator())))
+
+    @staticmethod
+    def ProductOfChains(chain_lengths, facade=None):
+        """
+        Return a product of chains.
+
+        - ``chain_lengths`` -- list of nonnegative integers; number of
+          elements in each chain
+
+        - ``facade`` -- boolean; whether to make the returned poset a
+          facade poset (see :mod:`sage.categories.facade_sets`); the
+          default behaviour is the same as the default behaviour of
+          the :func:`~sage.combinat.posets.posets.Poset` constructor
+
+        EXAMPLES::
+
+            sage: P = posets.ProductOfChains([2, 2]); P
+            Finite lattice containing 4 elements
+            sage: P.linear_extension()
+            [(0, 0), (0, 1), (1, 0), (1, 1)]
+            sage: P.upper_covers((0,0))
+            [(0, 1), (1, 0)]
+            sage: P.lower_covers((1,1))
+            [(0, 1), (1, 0)]
+
+        TESTS::
+
+            sage: P = posets.ProductOfChains([]); P
+            Finite lattice containing 0 elements
+            sage: P = posets.ProductOfChains([3, 0, 1]); P
+            Finite lattice containing 0 elements
+            sage: P = posets.ProductOfChains([1,1,1,1]); P
+            Finite lattice containing 1 elements
+        """
+        try:
+            l = [Integer(x) for x in chain_lengths]
+        except TypeError:
+            raise TypeError("parameter chain_lengths must be a list of integers, not {}".format(chain_lengths))
+        if any(x < 0 for x in l):
+            raise TypeError("parameter chain_lengths must be a list of nonnegative integers, not {}".format(l))
+
+        # given the empty list, we expect the empty poset.
+        if not chain_lengths:
+            return LatticePoset(facade=facade)
+        from sage.categories.cartesian_product import cartesian_product
+        elements = cartesian_product([range(i) for i in l])
+
+        def compare(a, b):
+            return all(x <= y for x, y in zip(a, b))
+        return LatticePoset([elements, compare], facade=facade)
+
+    @staticmethod
+    def RandomPoset(n, p):
+        r"""
+        Generate a random poset on ``n`` elements according to a
+        probability ``p``.
+
+        INPUT:
+
+        - ``n`` -- number of elements, a nonnegative integer
+
+        - ``p`` -- a probability, a real number between 0 and 1 (inclusive)
+
+        OUTPUT:
+
+        A poset on `n` elements. The probability `p` roughly measures
+        width/height of the output: `p=0` always generates an antichain,
+        `p=1` will return a chain. To create interesting examples,
+        keep the probability small, perhaps on the order of `1/n`.
+
+        EXAMPLES::
+
+            sage: set_random_seed(0)  # Results are reproducible
+            sage: P = posets.RandomPoset(5, 0.3)
+            sage: P.cover_relations()
+            [[5, 4], [4, 2], [1, 2]]
+
+        .. SEEALSO:: :meth:`RandomLattice`
+
+        TESTS::
+
+            sage: posets.RandomPoset(6, 'garbage')
+            Traceback (most recent call last):
+            ...
+            TypeError: probability must be a real number, not garbage
+
+            sage: posets.RandomPoset(6, -0.5)
+            Traceback (most recent call last):
+            ...
+            ValueError: probability must be between 0 and 1, not -0.5
+
+            sage: posets.RandomPoset(0, 0.5)
+            Finite poset containing 0 elements
+        """
+        from sage.misc.prandom import random
+        n = check_int(n)
+        try:
+            p = float(p)
+        except (TypeError, ValueError):
+            raise TypeError(f"probability must be a real number, not {p}")
+        if p < 0 or p > 1:
+            raise ValueError(f"probability must be between 0 and 1, not {p}")
+
+        D = DiGraph(loops=False, multiedges=False)
+        D.add_vertices(range(n))
+        for i in range(n):
+            for j in range(i + 1, n):
+                if random() < p:
+                    D.add_edge(i, j)
+        D.relabel(list(Permutations(n).random_element()))
+        return Poset(D, cover_relations=False)
+
+    @staticmethod
+    def RandomLattice(n, p, properties=None):
+        r"""
+        Return a random lattice on ``n`` elements.
+
+        INPUT:
+
+        - ``n`` -- number of elements, a nonnegative integer
+
+        - ``p`` -- a probability, a positive real number less than one
+
+        - ``properties`` -- list of properties for the lattice. Currently
+          implemented:
+
+          * ``None``, no restrictions for lattices to create
+          * ``'planar'``, the lattice has an upward planar drawing
+          * ``'dismantlable'`` (implicated by ``'planar'``)
+          * ``'distributive'`` (implicated by ``'stone'``)
+          * ``'stone'``
+
+        OUTPUT:
+
+        A lattice on `n` elements. When ``properties`` is ``None``,
+        the probability `p` roughly measures number of covering
+        relations of the lattice. To create interesting examples, make
+        the probability a little below one, for example `0.9`.
+
+        Currently parameter ``p`` has no effect only when ``properties``
+        is not ``None``.
+
+        .. NOTE::
+
+            Results are reproducible in same Sage version only. Underlying
+            algorithm may change in future versions.
+
+        EXAMPLES::
+
+            sage: set_random_seed(0)  # Results are reproducible
+            sage: L = posets.RandomLattice(8, 0.995); L
+            Finite lattice containing 8 elements
+            sage: L.cover_relations()
+            [[7, 6], [7, 3], [7, 1], ..., [5, 4], [2, 4], [1, 4], [0, 4]]
+            sage: L = posets.RandomLattice(10, 0, properties=['dismantlable'])
+            sage: L.is_dismantlable()
+            True
+
+        .. SEEALSO:: :meth:`RandomPoset`
+
+        TESTS::
+
+            sage: posets.RandomLattice(6, 'garbage')
+            Traceback (most recent call last):
+            ...
+            TypeError: probability must be a real number, not garbage
+
+            sage: posets.RandomLattice(6, -0.5)
+            Traceback (most recent call last):
+            ...
+            ValueError: probability must be a positive real number and below 1, not -0.5
+
+            sage: posets.RandomLattice(10, 0.5, properties=['junk'])
+            Traceback (most recent call last):
+            ...
+            ValueError: unknown value junk for 'properties'
+
+            sage: posets.RandomLattice(0, 0.5)
+            Finite lattice containing 0 elements
+        """
+        from copy import copy
+        n = check_int(n)
+        try:
+            p = float(p)
+        except Exception:
+            raise TypeError(f"probability must be a real number, not {p}")
+        if p < 0 or p >= 1:
+            raise ValueError("probability must be a positive real number and below 1, not {}".format(p))
+
+        if properties is None:
+            # Basic case, no special properties for lattice asked.
+            if n <= 3:
+                return posets.ChainPoset(n)
+            covers = _random_lattice(n, p)
+            covers_dict = {i: covers[i] for i in range(n)}
+            D = DiGraph(covers_dict)
+            D.relabel([i - 1 for i in Permutations(n).random_element()])
+            return LatticePoset(D, cover_relations=True)
+
+        if isinstance(properties, str):
+            properties = {properties}
+        else:
+            properties = set(properties)
+
+        known_properties = {'planar', 'dismantlable', 'distributive', 'stone'}
+        errors = properties.difference(known_properties)
+        if errors:
+            raise ValueError("unknown value %s for 'properties'" % errors.pop())
+
+        if n <= 3:
+            # Change this, if property='complemented' is added
+            return posets.ChainPoset(n)
+
+        # Handling properties: planar => dismantlable, stone => distributive
+        if 'planar' in properties:
+            properties.discard('dismantlable')
+        if 'stone' in properties:
+            properties.discard('distributive')
+
+        # Test property combinations that are not implemented.
+        if 'distributive' in properties and len(properties) > 1:
+            raise NotImplementedError("combining 'distributive' with other properties is not implemented")
+        if 'stone' in properties and len(properties) > 1:
+            raise NotImplementedError("combining 'stone' with other properties is not implemented")
+
+        if properties == {'planar'}:
+            D = _random_planar_lattice(n)
+            D.relabel([i - 1 for i in Permutations(n).random_element()])
+            return LatticePoset(D)
+
+        if properties == {'dismantlable'}:
+            D = _random_dismantlable_lattice(n)
+            D.relabel([i - 1 for i in Permutations(n).random_element()])
+            return LatticePoset(D)
+
+        if properties == {'stone'}:
+            D = _random_stone_lattice(n)
+            D.relabel([i - 1 for i in Permutations(n).random_element()])
+            return LatticePoset(D)
+
+        if properties == {'distributive'}:
+            tmp = Poset(_random_distributive_lattice(n)).order_ideals_lattice(as_ideals=False)
+            D = copy(tmp._hasse_diagram)
+            D.relabel([i - 1 for i in Permutations(n).random_element()])
+            return LatticePoset(D)
+
+        raise AssertionError("bug in RandomLattice()")
+
+    @staticmethod
+    def SetPartitions(n):
+        r"""
+        Return the lattice of set partitions of the set `\{1,\ldots,n\}`
+        ordered by refinement.
+
+        INPUT:
+
+        - ``n`` -- positive integer
+
+        EXAMPLES::
+
+            sage: posets.SetPartitions(4)
+            Finite lattice containing 15 elements
+        """
+        from sage.combinat.set_partition import SetPartitions
+        n = check_int(n)
+        S = SetPartitions(n)
+
+        def covers(x):
+            for i, s in enumerate(x):
+                for j in range(i + 1, len(x)):
+                    L = list(x)
+                    L[i] = s.union(x[j])
+                    L.pop(j)
+                    yield S(L)
+
+        return LatticePoset({x: list(covers(x)) for x in S},
+                            cover_relations=True)
+
+    @staticmethod
+    def SSTPoset(s, f=None):
+        """
+        The lattice poset on semistandard tableaux of shape ``s`` and largest
+        entry ``f`` that is ordered by componentwise comparison of the
+        entries.
+
+        INPUT:
+
+        - ``s`` -- shape of the tableaux
+
+        - ``f`` -- integer (default: ``None``); the maximum fill number.
+          By default (``None``), the method uses the number of cells in the shape.
+
+        .. NOTE::
+
+            This is a basic implementation and most certainly
+            not the most efficient.
+
+        EXAMPLES::
+
+            sage: posets.SSTPoset([2,1])
+            Finite lattice containing 8 elements
+
+            sage: posets.SSTPoset([2,1],4)
+            Finite lattice containing 20 elements
+
+            sage: posets.SSTPoset([2,1],2).cover_relations()
+            [[[[1, 1], [2]], [[1, 2], [2]]]]
+
+            sage: posets.SSTPoset([3,2]).bottom()       # long time (6s on sage.math, 2012)
+            [[1, 1, 1], [2, 2]]
+
+            sage: posets.SSTPoset([3,2],4).maximal_elements()
+            [[[3, 3, 4], [4, 4]]]
+        """
+        from sage.combinat.tableau import SemistandardTableaux
+
+        def tableaux_is_less_than(a, b):
+            return all(ix <= iy for x, y in zip(a, b) for ix, iy in zip(x, y))
+
+        if f is None:
+            f = sum(s)
+        E = SemistandardTableaux(s, max_entry=f)
+        return LatticePoset((E, tableaux_is_less_than))
+
+    @staticmethod
+    def StandardExample(n, facade=None):
+        r"""
+        Return the partially ordered set on `2n` elements with
+        dimension `n`.
+
+        Let `P` be the poset on `\{0, 1, 2, \ldots, 2n-1\}` whose defining
+        relations are that `i < j` for every `0 \leq i < n \leq j < 2n`
+        except when `i + n = j`. The poset `P` is the so-called
+        *standard example* of a poset with dimension `n`.
+
+        INPUT:
+
+        - ``n`` -- integer `\ge 2`; dimension of the constructed poset
+
+        - ``facade`` -- boolean; whether to make the returned poset a
+          facade poset (see :mod:`sage.categories.facade_sets`); the
+          default behaviour is the same as the default behaviour of
+          the :func:`~sage.combinat.posets.posets.Poset` constructor
+
+        OUTPUT: the standard example of a poset of dimension `n`
+
+        EXAMPLES::
+
+            sage: A = posets.StandardExample(3); A
+            Finite poset containing 6 elements
+            sage: A.dimension()                                                         # needs networkx
+            3
+
+        REFERENCES:
+
+        - [Gar2015]_
+        - [Ros1999]_
+
+        TESTS::
+
+            sage: A = posets.StandardExample(10); A
+            Finite poset containing 20 elements
+            sage: len(A.cover_relations())
+            90
+
+            sage: P = posets.StandardExample(5, facade=False)
+            sage: P(4) < P(3), P(4) > P(3)
+            (False, False)
+        """
+        n = check_int(n, 2)
+        return Poset((range(2 * n), [[i, j + n] for i in range(n)
+                                     for j in range(n) if i != j]),
+                     facade=facade)
+
+    @staticmethod
+    def SymmetricGroupBruhatOrderPoset(n):
+        """
+        The poset of permutations with respect to Bruhat order.
+
+        EXAMPLES::
+
+            sage: posets.SymmetricGroupBruhatOrderPoset(4)
+            Finite poset containing 24 elements
+        """
+        if n < 10:
+            element_labels = {s: "".join(str(x) for x in s)
+                              for s in Permutations(n)}
+        return Poset({s: s.bruhat_succ() for s in Permutations(n)},
+                     element_labels)
+
+    @staticmethod
+    def SymmetricGroupBruhatIntervalPoset(start, end):
+        """
+        The poset of permutations with respect to Bruhat order.
+
+        INPUT:
+
+        - ``start`` -- list permutation
+
+        - ``end`` -- list permutation (same n, of course)
+
+        .. NOTE::
+
+           Must have ``start`` <= ``end``.
+
+        EXAMPLES:
+
+        Any interval is rank symmetric if and only if it avoids these
+        permutations::
+
+            sage: P1 = posets.SymmetricGroupBruhatIntervalPoset([1,2,3,4], [3,4,1,2])
+            sage: P2 = posets.SymmetricGroupBruhatIntervalPoset([1,2,3,4], [4,2,3,1])
+            sage: ranks1 = [P1.rank(v) for v in P1]
+            sage: ranks2 = [P2.rank(v) for v in P2]
+            sage: [ranks1.count(i) for i in sorted(set(ranks1))]
+            [1, 3, 5, 4, 1]
+            sage: [ranks2.count(i) for i in sorted(set(ranks2))]
+            [1, 3, 5, 6, 4, 1]
+        """
+        start = Permutation(start)
+        end = Permutation(end)
+        if len(start) != len(end):
+            raise TypeError(f"start ({start}) and end ({end}) must have same length")
+        if not start.bruhat_lequal(end):
+            raise TypeError(f"must have start ({start}) <= end ({end}) in Bruhat order")
+        unseen = [start]
+        nodes = {}
+        while unseen:
+            perm = unseen.pop(0)
+            nodes[perm] = [succ_perm for succ_perm in perm.bruhat_succ()
+                           if succ_perm.bruhat_lequal(end)]
+            unseen.extend(succ_perm for succ_perm in nodes[perm]
+                          if succ_perm not in nodes)
+        return Poset(nodes)
+
+    @staticmethod
+    def SymmetricGroupWeakOrderPoset(n, labels='permutations', side='right'):
+        r"""
+        The poset of permutations of `\{ 1, 2, \ldots, n \}` with respect
+        to the weak order (also known as the permutohedron order, cf.
+        :meth:`~sage.combinat.permutation.Permutation.permutohedron_lequal`).
+
+        The optional variable ``labels`` (default: ``'permutations'``)
+        determines the labelling of the elements if `n < 10`. The optional
+        variable ``side`` (default: ``'right'``) determines whether the
+        right or the left permutohedron order is to be used.
+
+        EXAMPLES::
+
+            sage: posets.SymmetricGroupWeakOrderPoset(4)
+            Finite poset containing 24 elements
+        """
+        if n < 10 and labels == "permutations":
+            element_labels = dict([[s, "".join(map(str, s))]
+                                   for s in Permutations(n)])
+        if n < 10 and labels == "reduced_words":
+            element_labels = dict([[s, "".join(map(str, s.reduced_word_lexmin()))]
+                                   for s in Permutations(n)])
+        if side == "left":
+
+            def weak_covers(s):
+                r"""
+                Nested function for computing the covers of elements in the
+                poset of left weak order for the symmetric group.
+                """
+                return [v for v in s.bruhat_succ() if
+                        s.length() + (s.inverse().right_action_product(v)).length() == v.length()]
+        else:
+            def weak_covers(s):
+                r"""
+                Nested function for computing the covers of elements in the
+                poset of right weak order for the symmetric group.
+                """
+                return [v for v in s.bruhat_succ() if
+                        s.length() + (s.inverse().left_action_product(v)).length() == v.length()]
+        return Poset(dict([[s, weak_covers(s)] for s in Permutations(n)]),
+                     element_labels)
+
+    @staticmethod
+    def TetrahedralPoset(n, *colors, **labels):
+        r"""
+        Return the tetrahedral poset based on the input colors.
+
+        This method will return the tetrahedral poset with `n-1` layers and
+        covering relations based on the input colors of 'green', 'red',
+        'orange', 'silver', 'yellow' and 'blue' as defined in [Striker2011]_.
+        For particular color choices, the order ideals of the resulting
+        tetrahedral poset will be isomorphic to known combinatorial objects.
+
+        For example, for the colors 'blue', 'yellow', 'orange', and 'green',
+        the order ideals will be in bijection with alternating sign matrices.
+        For the colors 'yellow', 'orange', and 'green', the order ideals will
+        be in bijection with semistandard Young tableaux of staircase shape.
+        For the colors 'red', 'orange', 'green', and optionally 'yellow', the
+        order ideals will be in bijection with totally symmetric
+        self-complementary plane partitions in a `2n \times 2n \times 2n` box.
+
+        INPUT:
+
+        - ``n`` -- defines the number (n-1) of layers in the poset
+
+        - ``colors`` -- the colors that define the covering relations of the
+          poset; colors used are 'green', 'red', 'yellow', 'orange', 'silver',
+          and 'blue'
+
+        - ``labels`` -- keyword variable used to determine whether the poset
+          is labeled with integers or tuples.  To label with integers, the
+          method should be called with ``labels='integers'``.  Otherwise, the
+          labeling will default to tuples.
+
+        EXAMPLES::
+
+            sage: posets.TetrahedralPoset(4,'green','red','yellow','silver','blue','orange')
+            Finite poset containing 10 elements
+
+            sage: posets.TetrahedralPoset(4,'green','red','yellow','silver','blue','orange',
+            ....:                         labels='integers')
+            Finite poset containing 10 elements
+
+            sage: A = AlternatingSignMatrices(3)
+            sage: p = A.lattice()
+            sage: ji = p.join_irreducibles_poset()
+            sage: tet = posets.TetrahedralPoset(3, 'green','yellow','blue','orange')
+            sage: ji.is_isomorphic(tet)
+            True
+
+        TESTS::
+
+            sage: posets.TetrahedralPoset(4,'scarlet')
+            Traceback (most recent call last):
+            ...
+            ValueError: color input must be among: 'green', 'red', 'yellow',
+            'orange', 'silver', and 'blue'
+        """
+        n = check_int(n, 2)
+        n = n - 1
+        for c in colors:
+            if c not in ('green', 'red', 'yellow', 'orange', 'silver', 'blue'):
+                raise ValueError("color input must be among: 'green', 'red', 'yellow', 'orange', 'silver', and 'blue'")
+        elem = [(i, j, k) for i in range(n)
+                for j in range(n - i) for k in range(n - i - j)]
+        rels = []
+        elem_labels = {}
+        if 'labels' in labels:
+            if labels['labels'] == 'integers':
+                labelcount = 0
+                for (i, j, k) in elem:
+                    elem_labels[(i, j, k)] = labelcount
+                    labelcount += 1
+        for c in colors:
+            for (i, j, k) in elem:
+                if i + j + k < n - 1:
+                    if c == 'green':
+                        rels.append([(i, j, k), (i + 1, j, k)])
+                    if c == 'red':
+                        rels.append([(i, j, k), (i, j, k + 1)])
+                    if c == 'yellow':
+                        rels.append([(i, j, k), (i, j + 1, k)])
+                if j < n - 1 and k > 0:
+                    if c == 'orange':
+                        rels.append([(i, j, k), (i, j + 1, k - 1)])
+                if i < n - 1 and j > 0:
+                    if c == 'silver':
+                        rels.append([(i, j, k), (i + 1, j - 1, k)])
+                if i < n - 1 and k > 0:
+                    if c == 'blue':
+                        rels.append([(i, j, k), (i + 1, j, k - 1)])
+        return Poset([elem, rels], elem_labels)
+
+    # shard intersection order
+    import sage.combinat.shard_order
+    ShardPoset = staticmethod(sage.combinat.shard_order.shard_poset)
+
+    # Tamari lattices
+    import sage.combinat.tamari_lattices
+    TamariLattice = staticmethod(sage.combinat.tamari_lattices.TamariLattice)
+    DexterSemilattice = staticmethod(sage.combinat.tamari_lattices.DexterSemilattice)
+
+    @staticmethod
+    def CoxeterGroupAbsoluteOrderPoset(W, use_reduced_words=True):
+        r"""
+        Return the poset of elements of a Coxeter group with respect
+        to absolute order.
+
+        INPUT:
+
+        - ``W`` -- a Coxeter group
+        - ``use_reduced_words`` -- boolean (default: ``True``); if
+          ``True``, then the elements are labeled by their lexicographically
+          minimal reduced word
+
+        EXAMPLES::
+
+            sage: W = CoxeterGroup(['B', 3])                                            # needs sage.groups
+            sage: posets.CoxeterGroupAbsoluteOrderPoset(W)                              # needs sage.groups
+            Finite poset containing 48 elements
+
+            sage: W = WeylGroup(['B', 2], prefix='s')                                   # needs sage.groups
+            sage: posets.CoxeterGroupAbsoluteOrderPoset(W, False)                       # needs sage.groups
+            Finite poset containing 8 elements
+        """
+        if use_reduced_words:
+            element_labels = {s: tuple(s.reduced_word()) for s in W}
+            return Poset({s: list(s.absolute_covers()) for s in W}, element_labels)
+        return Poset({s: list(s.absolute_covers()) for s in W})
+
+    @staticmethod
+    def NoncrossingPartitions(W):
+        """
+        Return the lattice of noncrossing partitions.
+
+        INPUT:
+
+        - ``W`` -- a finite Coxeter group or a Weyl group
+
+        EXAMPLES::
+
+            sage: W = CoxeterGroup(['A', 3])                                            # needs sage.groups
+            sage: posets.NoncrossingPartitions(W)                                       # needs sage.groups
+            Finite lattice containing 14 elements
+
+            sage: W = WeylGroup(['B', 2], prefix='s')                                   # needs sage.groups
+            sage: posets.NoncrossingPartitions(W)                                       # needs sage.groups
+            Finite lattice containing 6 elements
+        """
+        return W.noncrossing_partition_lattice()
+
+    @staticmethod
+    def SymmetricGroupAbsoluteOrderPoset(n, labels='permutations'):
+        r"""
+        Return the poset of permutations with respect to absolute order.
+
+        INPUT:
+
+        - ``n`` -- a positive integer
+
+        - ``label`` -- (default: ``'permutations'``) a label for the elements
+          of the poset returned by the function; the options are
+
+          * ``'permutations'`` -- labels the elements by their
+            one-line notation
+          * ``'reduced_words'`` -- labels the elements by the
+            lexicographically minimal reduced word
+          * ``'cycles'`` -- labels the elements by their expression
+            as a product of cycles
+
+        EXAMPLES::
+
+            sage: posets.SymmetricGroupAbsoluteOrderPoset(4)                            # needs sage.groups
+            Finite poset containing 24 elements
+            sage: posets.SymmetricGroupAbsoluteOrderPoset(3, labels='cycles')           # needs sage.groups
+            Finite poset containing 6 elements
+            sage: posets.SymmetricGroupAbsoluteOrderPoset(3, labels='reduced_words')    # needs sage.groups
+            Finite poset containing 6 elements
+        """
+        from sage.groups.perm_gps.permgroup_named import SymmetricGroup
+        W = SymmetricGroup(n)
+        if labels == "permutations":
+            element_labels = {s: s.tuple() for s in W}
+        if labels == "reduced_words":
+            element_labels = {s: tuple(s.reduced_word()) for s in W}
+        if labels == "cycles":
+            element_labels = {s: "".join(x for x in s.cycle_string() if x != ',')
+                              for s in W}
+
+        return Poset({s: list(s.absolute_covers()) for s in W}, element_labels)
+
+    @staticmethod
+    def UpDownPoset(n, m=1):
+        r"""
+        Return the up-down poset on `n` elements where every `(m+1)`
+        step is down and the rest are up.
+
+        The case where `m=1` is sometimes referred to as the zig-zag poset
+        or the fence.
+
+        INPUT:
+
+        - ``n`` -- nonnegative integer; number of elements in the poset
+        - ``m`` -- nonnegative integer (default: 1); how frequently down
+          steps occur
+
+        OUTPUT:
+
+        The partially ordered set on `\{ 0, 1, \ldots, n-1 \}`
+        where `i` covers `i+1` if `m` divides `i+1`, and `i+1` covers `i`
+        otherwise.
+
+        EXAMPLES::
+
+            sage: P = posets.UpDownPoset(7, 2); P
+            Finite poset containing 7 elements
+            sage: sorted(P.cover_relations())
+            [[0, 1], [1, 2], [3, 2], [3, 4], [4, 5], [6, 5]]
+
+        Fibonacci numbers as the number of antichains of a poset::
+
+            sage: [len(posets.UpDownPoset(n).antichains().list()) for n in range(6)]
+            [1, 2, 3, 5, 8, 13]
+
+        TESTS::
+
+            sage: P = posets.UpDownPoset(0); P
+            Finite poset containing 0 elements
+        """
+        n = check_int(n)
+        try:
+            m = Integer(m)
+        except TypeError:
+            raise TypeError(f"parameter m must be an integer, not {m}")
+        if m < 1:
+            raise ValueError(f"parameter m must be positive, not {m}")
+
+        covers = [[i, i + 1] if (i + 1) % (m + 1) else [i + 1, i]
+                  for i in range(n - 1)]
+        return Poset((range(n), covers), cover_relations=True)
+
+    @staticmethod
+    def YoungDiagramPoset(lam, dual=False):
+        """
+        Return the poset of cells in the Young diagram of a partition.
+
+        INPUT:
+
+        - ``lam`` -- a partition
+        - ``dual`` -- boolean (default: ``False``); determines the orientation
+          of the poset. If ``True``, then it is a join semilattice,
+          otherwise it is a meet semilattice.
+
+        EXAMPLES::
+
+            sage: P = posets.YoungDiagramPoset(Partition([2, 2])); P
+            Finite meet-semilattice containing 4 elements
+
+            sage: sorted(P.cover_relations())
+            [[(0, 0), (0, 1)], [(0, 0), (1, 0)], [(0, 1), (1, 1)], [(1, 0), (1, 1)]]
+
+            sage: posets.YoungDiagramPoset([3, 2], dual=True)
+            Finite join-semilattice containing 5 elements
+        """
+        from sage.combinat.partition import Partition
+        lam = Partition(lam)
+        if dual:
+            def cell_geq(a, b):
+                """
+                Nested function that returns ``True`` if the cell `a` is to the
+                right or below the cell `b` in the (English) Young diagram.
+                """
+                return ((a[0] == b[0] + 1 and a[1] == b[1]) or
+                        (a[1] == b[1] + 1 and a[0] == b[0]))
+            return JoinSemilattice((lam.cells(), cell_geq), cover_relations=True)
+
+        def cell_leq(a, b):
+            """
+            Nested function that returns ``True`` if the cell `a` is
+            to the left or above
+            the cell `b` in the (English) Young diagram.
+            """
+            return ((a[0] == b[0] - 1 and a[1] == b[1]) or
+                    (a[1] == b[1] - 1 and a[0] == b[0]))
+        return MeetSemilattice((lam.cells(), cell_leq), cover_relations=True)
+
+    @staticmethod
+    def YoungsLattice(n):
+        """
+        Return Young's Lattice up to rank `n`.
+
+        In other words, the poset of partitions
+        of size less than or equal to `n` ordered by inclusion.
+
+        INPUT:
+
+        - ``n`` -- positive integer
+
+        EXAMPLES::
+
+            sage: P = posets.YoungsLattice(3); P
+            Finite meet-semilattice containing 7 elements
+            sage: P.cover_relations()
+            [[[], [1]],
+             [[1], [1, 1]],
+             [[1], [2]],
+             [[1, 1], [1, 1, 1]],
+             [[1, 1], [2, 1]],
+             [[2], [2, 1]],
+             [[2], [3]]]
+        """
+        from sage.combinat.partition import Partitions, Partition
+        from sage.misc.flatten import flatten
+        partitions = flatten([list(Partitions(i)) for i in range(n + 1)])
+        return JoinSemilattice((partitions, Partition.contains)).dual()
+
+    @staticmethod
+    def YoungsLatticePrincipalOrderIdeal(lam):
+        """
+        Return the principal order ideal of the
+        partition `lam` in Young's Lattice.
+
+        INPUT:
+
+        - ``lam`` -- a partition
+
+        EXAMPLES::
+
+            sage: P = posets.YoungsLatticePrincipalOrderIdeal(Partition([2,2]))
+            sage: P
+            Finite lattice containing 6 elements
+            sage: P.cover_relations()
+            [[[], [1]],
+             [[1], [1, 1]],
+             [[1], [2]],
+             [[1, 1], [2, 1]],
+             [[2], [2, 1]],
+             [[2, 1], [2, 2]]]
+        """
+        ideal = {}
+        level = [lam]
+        while level:
+            new_level = set()
+            for mu in level:
+                down = mu.down_list()
+                ideal[mu] = down
+                new_level.update(down)
+            level = new_level
+
+        H = DiGraph(ideal)
+        return LatticePoset(H.reverse())
+
+    @staticmethod
+    def YoungFibonacci(n):
+        """
+        Return the Young-Fibonacci lattice up to rank `n`.
+
+        Elements of the (infinite) lattice are words with letters '1'
+        and '2'.  The covers of a word are the words with another '1'
+        added somewhere not after the first occurrence of an existing
+        '1' and, additionally, the words where the first '1' is replaced by a
+        '2'. The lattice is truncated to have rank `n`.
+
+        See :wikipedia:`Young-Fibonacci lattice`.
+
+        EXAMPLES::
+
+            sage: Y5 = posets.YoungFibonacci(5); Y5
+            Finite meet-semilattice containing 20 elements
+            sage: sorted(Y5.upper_covers(Word('211')))
+            [word: 1211, word: 2111, word: 221]
+
+        TESTS::
+
+            sage: posets.YoungFibonacci(0)
+            Finite meet-semilattice containing 1 elements
+            sage: posets.YoungFibonacci(1)
+            Finite meet-semilattice containing 2 elements
+        """
+        from sage.combinat.posets.lattices import FiniteMeetSemilattice
+        from sage.categories.finite_posets import FinitePosets
+        from sage.combinat.words.word import Word
+
+        n = check_int(n)
+
+        if n == 0:
+            return MeetSemilattice({'': []})
+
+        covers = []
+        current_level = ['']
+        for _ in range(1, n + 1):
+            new_level = set()
+            for low in current_level:
+                ind = low.find('1')
+                if ind != -1:  # = found a '1' -> change first '1' to '2'
+                    up = low[:ind] + '2' + low[ind + 1:]
+                    new_level.add(up)
+                    covers.append((low, up))
+                else:  # no '1' in low
+                    ind = len(low)
+
+                # add '1' to every position not after first existing '1'
+                for j in range(ind + 1):
+                    up = '2' * j + '1' + low[j:len(low)]
+                    new_level.add(up)
+                    covers.append((low, up))
+
+            current_level = new_level
+
+        D = DiGraph([[], covers], format='vertices_and_edges')
+        D.relabel(Word, inplace=True)
+        return FiniteMeetSemilattice(hasse_diagram=D, category=FinitePosets())
+
+    @staticmethod
+    def DoubleTailedDiamond(n):
+        r"""
+        Return a double-tailed diamond of `2n + 2` elements.
+
+        INPUT:
+
+        - ``n`` -- positive integer
+
+        EXAMPLES::
+
+            sage: P = posets.DoubleTailedDiamond(2); P
+            Finite d-complete poset containing 6 elements
+            sage: P.cover_relations()
+            [[1, 2], [2, 3], [2, 4], [3, 5], [4, 5], [5, 6]]
+        """
+        n = check_int(n, 1)
+
+        edges = [(i, i + 1) for i in range(1, n)]
+        edges.extend([(n, n + 1), (n, n + 2), (n + 1, n + 3), (n + 2, n + 3)])
+        edges.extend((i, i + 1) for i in range(n + 3, 2 * n + 2))
+        p = DiGraph([list(range(1, 2 * n + 3)), edges])
+        return DCompletePoset(p)
+
+    @staticmethod
+    def PermutationPattern(n):
+        r"""
+        Return the poset of permutations under pattern containment
+        up to rank `n`.
+
+        INPUT:
+
+        - ``n`` -- positive integer
+
+        A permutation `u = u_1 \cdots u_n` contains the pattern
+        `v = v_1 \cdots v_m` if there is a (not necessarily consecutive)
+        subsequence of `u`  of length `m` whose entries have the same
+        relative order as `v`.
+
+        See :wikipedia:`Permutation_pattern`.
+
+        EXAMPLES::
+
+            sage: P4 = posets.PermutationPattern(4); P4
+            Finite poset containing 33 elements
+            sage: sorted(P4.lower_covers(Permutation([2,4,1,3])))
+            [[1, 3, 2], [2, 1, 3], [2, 3, 1], [3, 1, 2]]
+
+        .. SEEALSO::
+
+            :meth:`~sage.combinat.permutation.Permutation.has_pattern`
+
+        TESTS::
+
+            sage: posets.PermutationPattern(1)
+            Finite poset containing 1 elements
+            sage: posets.PermutationPattern(2)
+            Finite poset containing 3 elements
+        """
+        n = check_int(n, 1)
+        elem = []
+        for i in range(1, n + 1):
+            elem += Permutations(i)
+        return Poset((elem, lambda a, b: b.has_pattern(a)))
+
+    @staticmethod
+    def PermutationPatternInterval(bottom, top):
+        r"""
+        Return the poset consisting of an interval in the poset of permutations
+        under pattern containment between ``bottom`` and ``top``.
+
+        INPUT:
+
+        - ``bottom``, ``top`` -- permutations where ``top`` contains
+          ``bottom`` as a pattern
+
+        A permutation `u = u_1 \cdots u_n` contains the pattern
+        `v = v_1 \cdots v_m` if there is a (not necessarily consecutive)
+        subsequence of `u`  of length `m` whose entries have the same
+        relative order as `v`.
+
+        See :wikipedia:`Permutation_pattern`.
+
+        EXAMPLES::
+
+            sage: t = Permutation([2,3,1])
+            sage: b = Permutation([4,6,2,3,5,1])
+            sage: R = posets.PermutationPatternInterval(t, b); R
+            Finite poset containing 14 elements
+            sage: R.moebius_function(R.bottom(),R.top())
+            -4
+
+        .. SEEALSO::
+
+            :meth:`~sage.combinat.permutation.Permutation.has_pattern`,
+            :meth:`PermutationPattern`
+
+        TESTS::
+
+            sage: p = Permutation([1])
+            sage: posets.PermutationPatternInterval(p, p)
+            Finite poset containing 1 elements
+        """
+        P = Permutations()
+        top = P(top)
+        bottom = P(bottom)
+        if not top.has_pattern(bottom):
+            raise ValueError(f"{top} doesn't contain {bottom} as a pattern")
+        # Make a list of lists of elements in the interval divided by rank.
+        # List will be flattened at the end
+        elem = [[top]]
+        level = 0    # Consider the top element to be level 0, and then go down from there.
+        rel = []     # List of covering relations to be fed into poset constructor.
+        while len(top) - len(bottom) >= level + 1:
+            elem.append([])  # Add a new empty level
+            for upper in elem[level]:
+                # Run through all permutations on current level
+                #   and find relations for which it is upper cover
+                upper_perm = P(upper)
+                for i in range(len(top) - level):
+                    # Try and remove the ith element from the permutation
+                    lower = list(upper)
+                    j = lower.pop(i)
+                    for k in range(len(top) - level - 1):  # Standardize result
+                        if lower[k] > j:
+                            lower[k] = lower[k] - 1
+                    lower_perm = P(lower)
+                    if lower_perm.has_pattern(bottom):  # Check to see if result is in interval
+                        rel += [[lower_perm, upper_perm]]
+                        if lower not in elem[level + 1]:
+                            elem[level + 1].append(lower_perm)
+            level += 1
+        elem = [item for sublist in elem for item in sublist]
+        return Poset((elem, rel))
+
+    @staticmethod
+    def PermutationPatternOccurrenceInterval(bottom, top, pos):
+        r"""
+        Return the poset consisting of an interval in the poset of
+        permutations under pattern containment between ``bottom`` and
+        ``top``, where a specified instance of ``bottom`` in ``top``
+        must be maintained.
+
+        INPUT:
+
+        - ``bottom``, ``top`` -- permutations where ``top`` contains
+           ``bottom`` as a pattern
+        - ``pos`` -- list of indices indicating a distinguished copy of
+           ``bottom`` inside ``top`` (indexed starting at 0)
+
+        For further information (and picture illustrating included example),
+        see [ST2010]_ .
+
+        See :wikipedia:`Permutation_pattern`.
+
+        EXAMPLES::
+
+            sage: t = Permutation([3,2,1])
+            sage: b = Permutation([6,3,4,5,2,1])
+            sage: A = posets.PermutationPatternOccurrenceInterval(t, b, (0,2,4)); A
+            Finite poset containing 8 elements
+
+        .. SEEALSO::
+
+            :meth:`~sage.combinat.permutation.Permutation.has_pattern`,
+            :meth:`PermutationPattern`, :meth:`PermutationPatternInterval`
+        """
+        P = Permutations()
+        top = P(top)
+        bottom = P(bottom)
+        if not to_standard([top[z] for z in pos]) == list(bottom):  # check input
+            raise ValueError("cannot find 'bottom' in 'top' given by 'pos'")
+        elem = [[(top, pos)]]
+        level = 0
+        rel = []
+        while len(top) - len(bottom) >= level + 1:
+            elem.append([])  # Add a new empty level
+            for upper in elem[level]:
+                for i in range(len(top) - level):
+                    # Try and remove the ith element from the permutation
+                    if i in upper[1]:
+                        continue
+                    lower_perm = list(upper[0])
+                    j = lower_perm.pop(i)
+                    for e in range(len(top) - level - 1):
+                        if lower_perm[e] > j:
+                            lower_perm[e] = lower_perm[e] - 1
+                    lower_pos = list(upper[1])
+                    for f in range(len(upper[1])):
+                        if upper[1][f] > i:
+                            lower_pos[f] = upper[1][f] - 1
+                    rel += [[(P(lower_perm), tuple(lower_pos)),
+                             (P(upper[0]), upper[1])]]
+                    if (P(lower_perm), tuple(lower_pos)) not in elem[level + 1]:
+                        elem[level + 1].append((P(lower_perm), tuple(lower_pos)))
+            level += 1
+        elem = [item for sublist in elem for item in sublist]
+        return Poset([elem, rel])
+
+    @staticmethod
+    def RibbonPoset(n, descents):
+        r"""
+        Return a ribbon poset on ``n`` vertices with descents at ``descents``.
+
+        INPUT:
+
+        - ``n`` -- the number of vertices
+        - ``descents`` -- an iterable; the indices on the ribbon where `y > x`
+
+        EXAMPLES::
+
+            sage: R = Posets.RibbonPoset(5, [1,2])
+            sage: sorted(R.cover_relations())
+            [[0, 1], [2, 1], [3, 2], [3, 4]]
+        """
+        n = check_int(n)
+        return Mobile(DiGraph([list(range(n)),
+                               [(i + 1, i) if i in descents else (i, i + 1)
+                                for i in range(n - 1)]]))
+
+    @staticmethod
+    def MobilePoset(ribbon, hangers, anchor=None):
+        r"""
+        Return a mobile poset with the ribbon ``ribbon`` and
+        with hanging d-complete posets specified in ``hangers``
+        and a d-complete poset attached above, specified in ``anchor``.
+
+        INPUT:
+
+        - ``ribbon`` -- a finite poset that is a ribbon
+        - ``hangers`` -- dictionary mapping an element on the ribbon
+          to a list of d-complete posets that it covers
+        - ``anchor`` -- (optional) a ``tuple`` (``ribbon_elmt``,
+          ``anchor_elmt``, ``anchor_poset``), where ``anchor_elmt`` covers
+          ``ribbon_elmt``, and ``anchor_elmt`` is an acyclic element of
+          ``anchor_poset``
+
+        EXAMPLES::
+
+            sage: R = Posets.RibbonPoset(5, [1,2])
+            sage: H = Poset([[5, 6, 7], [(5, 6), (6,7)]])
+            sage: M = Posets.MobilePoset(R, {3: [H]})
+            sage: len(M.cover_relations())
+            7
+
+            sage: P = posets.MobilePoset(posets.RibbonPoset(7, [1,3]),
+            ....:         {1: [posets.YoungDiagramPoset([3, 2], dual=True)],
+            ....:          3: [posets.DoubleTailedDiamond(6)]},
+            ....:         anchor=(4, 2, posets.ChainPoset(6)))
+            sage: len(P.cover_relations())
+            33
+        """
+        elements = []
+        cover_relations = []
+
+        cover_relations.extend(ribbon.cover_relations())
+        elements.extend(ribbon._elements)
+
+        if anchor:
+            cover_relations.extend(((anchor[0], cr[0]), (anchor[0], cr[1]))
+                                   for cr in anchor[2].cover_relations())
+            cover_relations.append((anchor[0], (anchor[0], anchor[1])))
+
+            elements.extend((anchor[0], elmt) for elmt in anchor[2]._elements)
+
+        for r, hangs in hangers.items():
+            for i, h in enumerate(hangs):
+                elements.extend((r, i, v) for v in h._elements)
+                cover_relations.extend(((r, i, cr[0]), (r, i, cr[1]))
+                                       for cr in h.cover_relations())
+                cover_relations.append(((r, i, h.top()), r))
+
+        return Mobile(DiGraph([elements, cover_relations]))
+
+
+# RANDOM LATTICES
+
+# Following are helper functions for random lattice generation.
+# There is no parameter checking, 0, 1, ..., n may or may not be a
+# linear extension, exact output type may vary, etc. Direct use is
+# discouraged. Use by posets.RandomLattice(..., properties=[...]).
+
+
+def _random_lattice(n, p):
+    r"""
+    Return a random lattice.
+
+    INPUT:
+
+    - ``n`` -- number of elements, a nonnegative integer
+    - ``p`` -- a number at least zero and less than one; higher number
+      means more covering relations
+
+    OUTPUT:
+
+    A list of lists. Interpreted as a list of lower covers
+    for a poset, it is a lattice with ``0..n-1`` as a linear
+    extension.
+
+    EXAMPLES::
+
+        sage: set_random_seed(42)  # Results are reproducible
+        sage: sage.combinat.posets.poset_examples._random_lattice(7, 0.4)
+        [[], [0], [0], [1, 2], [1], [0], [3, 4, 5]]
+
+    ALGORITHM::
+
+        We add elements one by one. We check that adding a maximal
+        element `e` to a meet-semilattice `L` with maximal elements
+        `M` will create a semilattice by checking that there is a
+        meet for `e, m` for all `m \in M`. We do that by keeping
+        track of meet matrix and list of maximal elements.
+    """
+    from sage.arith.misc import integer_floor as floor
+    from sage.misc.functional import sqrt
+    from sage.misc.prandom import random
+
+    n = n - 1
+    meets = [[None] * n for _ in range(n)]
+    meets[0][0] = 0
+    maxs = {0}
+    lc_all = [[]]  # No lower covers for the bottom element.
+
+    for i in range(1, n):
+
+        # Look for an admissible lower cover for the next element i
+        while True:
+            # Generate a random antichain
+            lc_list = [i - 1 - floor(i * sqrt(random()))]
+            while random() < p and 0 not in lc_list:
+                new = i - 1 - floor(i * sqrt(random()))
+                if any(meets[new][lc] in [new, lc] for lc in lc_list):
+                    continue
+                lc_list.append(new)
+            # Check whether it is admissible as a new lower cover
+            if all(any(all(meets[m][meets[a][a1]] == meets[m][a1] for a1 in lc_list if a1 != a) for a in lc_list) for m in maxs):
+                break
+
+        # We've found a suitable lower cover for i
+        maxs.difference_update(lc_list)
+
+        # Now compute new row and column to meet matrix.
+        meets[i][i] = i
+        for lc in lc_list:
+            meets[i][lc] = meets[lc][i] = lc
+        for e in range(i):
+            meets[i][e] = meets[e][i] = max(meets[e][lc] for lc in lc_list)
+
+        maxs.add(i)
+        lc_all.append(lc_list)
+
+    lc_all.append(list(maxs))  # Add the top element.
+    return lc_all
+
+
+def _random_dismantlable_lattice(n):
+    r"""
+    Return a random dismantlable lattice on `n` elements.
+
+    INPUT:
+
+    - ``n`` -- number of elements, a nonnegative integer
+
+    OUTPUT:
+
+    A digraph that can be interpreted as the Hasse diagram of a random
+    dismantlable lattice. It has `0` as the bottom element and `n-1` as
+    the top element, but otherwise `0, \ldots, n-1` *is not* usually a
+    linear extension of the lattice.
+
+    EXAMPLES::
+
+        sage: set_random_seed(78)  # Results are reproducible
+        sage: D = sage.combinat.posets.poset_examples._random_dismantlable_lattice(10); D
+        Digraph on 10 vertices
+        sage: D.neighbors_in(8)
+        [0]
+
+    ALGORITHM::
+
+        We add elements one by one by "de-dismantling", i.e. select
+        a random pair of comparable elements and add a new element
+        between them.
+    """
+    from sage.misc.prandom import randint
+
+    D = DiGraph({0: [n - 1]})
+    for i in range(1, n - 1):
+        a = randint(0, i // 2)
+        b_ = list(D.depth_first_search(a))
+        b = b_[randint(1, len(b_) - 1)]
+        D.add_vertex(i)
+        D.add_edge(a, i)
+        D.add_edge(i, b)
+        D.delete_edge(a, b)
+    return D
+
+
+def _random_planar_lattice(n):
+    r"""
+    Return a random planar lattice on `n` elements.
+
+    INPUT:
+
+    - ``n`` -- number of elements, a nonnegative integer
+
+    OUTPUT:
+
+    A random planar lattice. It has `0` as the bottom
+    element and `n-1` as the top element, but otherwise
+    `0, \ldots, n-1` *is not* usually a linear extension of
+    the lattice.
+
+    EXAMPLES::
+
+        sage: # needs planarity
+        sage: set_random_seed(78)  # Results are reproducible
+        sage: D = sage.combinat.posets.poset_examples._random_planar_lattice(10); D
+        Digraph on 10 vertices
+        sage: D.neighbors_in(8)
+        [1]
+
+    ALGORITHM::
+
+        Every planar lattice is dismantlable.
+
+        We add elements one by one like when generating
+        dismantlable lattices, and after every addition
+        check that we still have a planar lattice.
+    """
+    from sage.misc.prandom import randint
+
+    G = DiGraph({0: [n - 1]})
+    while G.order() < n:
+        i = G.order() - 1
+        a = randint(0, i // 2)
+        b_ = list(G.depth_first_search(a))
+        b = b_[randint(1, len(b_) - 1)]
+        G1 = G.copy()
+        G.add_vertex(i)
+        G.add_edge(a, i)
+        G.add_edge(i, b)
+        G.delete_edge(a, b)
+        G2 = G.copy()
+        G2.add_edge(n - 1, 0)
+        if not G2.is_planar():
+            G = G1.copy()
+    return G
+
+
+def _random_distributive_lattice(n):
+    """
+    Return a random poset that has `n` antichains.
+
+    INPUT:
+
+    - ``n`` -- number of elements, a nonnegative integer
+
+    OUTPUT:
+
+    A random poset (as DiGraph) that has `n` antichains; i.e. a poset
+    that's order ideals lattice has `n` elements.
+
+    EXAMPLES::
+
+        sage: g = sage.combinat.posets.poset_examples._random_distributive_lattice(10)
+        sage: Poset(g).order_ideals_lattice(as_ideals=False).cardinality()
+        10
+
+    ALGORITHM:
+
+    Add elements until there are at least `n` antichains.
+    Remove elements until there are at most `n` antichains.
+    Repeat.
+    """
+    from sage.combinat.posets.hasse_diagram import HasseDiagram
+    from copy import copy
+    from sage.combinat.subset import Subsets
+    from sage.graphs.digraph_generators import digraphs
+
+    if n < 4:
+        return digraphs.Path(n - 1)
+
+    H = HasseDiagram({0: []})
+    while sum(1 for _ in H.antichains_iterator()) < n:
+        D = copy(H)
+        newcover = Subsets(H).random_element()
+        new_element = H.order()
+        D.add_vertex(new_element)
+        for e in newcover:
+            D.add_edge(e, new_element)
+
+        D = D.transitive_reduction()
+        H = HasseDiagram(D)
+
+        while sum(1 for _ in H.antichains_iterator()) > n:
+            D = copy(H)
+            to_delete = H.random_vertex()
+            for a in D.neighbors_in(to_delete):
+                for b in D.neighbors_out(to_delete):
+                    D.add_edge(a, b)
+            D.delete_vertex(to_delete)
+            D.relabel({z: z - 1 for z in range(to_delete + 1, D.order() + 1)})
+            H = HasseDiagram(D)
+    return D
+
+
+def _random_stone_lattice(n):
+    """
+    Return a random Stone lattice on `n` elements.
+
+    INPUT:
+
+    - ``n`` -- number of elements, a nonnegative integer
+
+    OUTPUT:
+
+    A random lattice (as a digraph) of `n` elements.
+
+    EXAMPLES::
+
+        sage: g = sage.combinat.posets.poset_examples._random_stone_lattice(10)
+        sage: LatticePoset(g).is_stone()
+        True
+
+    ALGORITHM:
+
+    Randomly split `n` to some factors. For every factor `p` generate
+    a random distributive lattice on `p-1` elements and add a new bottom
+    element to it. Compute the cartesian product of those lattices.
+    """
+    from sage.arith.misc import factor
+    from sage.combinat.partition import Partitions
+    from sage.misc.misc_c import prod
+    from copy import copy
+
+    factors = sum([[f[0]] * f[1] for f in factor(n)], [])
+    sage.misc.prandom.shuffle(factors)
+
+    part_lengths = list(Partitions(len(factors)).random_element())
+    parts = []
+    while part_lengths:
+        x = part_lengths.pop()
+        parts.append(prod(factors[:x]))
+        factors = factors[x:]
+
+    result = DiGraph(1)
+    for p in parts:
+        g = _random_distributive_lattice(p - 1)
+        g = copy(Poset(g).order_ideals_lattice(as_ideals=False)._hasse_diagram)
+        g.add_edge(-1, 0)
+        result = result.cartesian_product(g)
+        result.relabel()
+
+    return result
+
+
+posets = Posets