passagemath-graphs 10.6.1rc1__cp310-cp310-musllinux_1_2_aarch64.whl

sage/combinat/posets/mobile.py

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+# sage_setup: distribution = sagemath-graphs
+"""
+Mobile posets
+"""
+# ****************************************************************************
+#       Copyright (C) 2020 Stefan Grosser <stefan.grosser1@gmail.com>
+#
+# This program is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
+# it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
+# the Free Software Foundation, either version 2 of the License, or
+# (at your option) any later version.
+#                  https://www.gnu.org/licenses/
+# ****************************************************************************
+
+from sage.combinat.posets.posets import Poset, FinitePoset
+from sage.misc.lazy_attribute import lazy_attribute
+from .linear_extensions import LinearExtensionsOfMobile
+
+
+class MobilePoset(FinitePoset):
+    r"""
+    A mobile poset.
+
+    Mobile posets are an extension of d-complete posets which permit a determinant
+    formula for counting linear extensions. They are formed by having a ribbon
+    poset with d-complete posets 'hanging' below it and at most one
+    d-complete poset above it, known as the anchor. See [GGMM2020]_
+    for the definition.
+
+    EXAMPLES::
+
+        sage: P = posets.MobilePoset(posets.RibbonPoset(7, [1,3]),                      # needs sage.combinat sage.modules
+        ....:                        {1: [posets.YoungDiagramPoset([3, 2], dual=True)],
+        ....:                         3: [posets.DoubleTailedDiamond(6)]},
+        ....:                        anchor=(4, 2, posets.ChainPoset(6)))
+        sage: len(P._ribbon)                                                            # needs sage.combinat sage.modules
+        8
+        sage: P._anchor                                                                 # needs sage.combinat sage.modules
+        (4, 5)
+
+    This example is Example 5.9 in [GGMM2020]_::
+
+        sage: P1 = posets.MobilePoset(posets.RibbonPoset(8, [2,3,4]),
+        ....:                         {4: [posets.ChainPoset(1)]},
+        ....:                         anchor=(3, 0, posets.ChainPoset(1)))
+        sage: sorted([P1._element_to_vertex(i) for i in P1._ribbon])
+        [0, 1, 2, 6, 7, 9]
+        sage: P1._anchor
+        (3, 2)
+
+        sage: P2 = posets.MobilePoset(posets.RibbonPoset(15, [1,3,5,7,9,11,13]),
+        ....:                         {}, anchor=(8, 0, posets.ChainPoset(1)))
+        sage: sorted(P2._ribbon)
+        [1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13]
+        sage: P2._anchor
+        (8, (8, 0))
+        sage: P2.linear_extensions().cardinality()                                      # needs sage.modules
+        21399440939
+
+        sage: EP = posets.MobilePoset(posets.ChainPoset(0), {})
+        Traceback (most recent call last):
+        ...
+        ValueError: the empty poset is not a mobile poset
+    """
+    _lin_ext_type = LinearExtensionsOfMobile
+    _desc = 'Finite mobile poset'
+
+    def __init__(self, hasse_diagram, elements, category, facade, key, ribbon=None, check=True) -> None:
+        r"""
+        Initialize ``self``.
+
+        EXAMPLES::
+
+            sage: P = posets.MobilePoset(posets.RibbonPoset(15, [1,3,5,7,9,11,13]),
+            ....:                        {}, anchor=(8, 0, posets.ChainPoset(1)))
+            sage: TestSuite(P).run()
+        """
+        FinitePoset.__init__(self, hasse_diagram=hasse_diagram, elements=elements,
+                             category=category, facade=facade, key=key)
+        if not self._hasse_diagram:
+            raise ValueError("the empty poset is not a mobile poset")
+
+        if ribbon:
+            if check and not self._is_valid_ribbon(ribbon):
+                raise ValueError("invalid ribbon")
+            self._ribbon = ribbon
+
+    def _is_valid_ribbon(self, ribbon):
+        r"""
+        Return ``True`` if a ribbon has at most one anchor, no vertex has two
+        or more anchors, and every hanging poset is d-complete.
+
+        INPUT:
+
+        - ``ribbon`` -- list of elements that form a ribbon in your poset
+
+        TESTS::
+
+            sage: P = posets.RibbonPoset(5, [2])
+            sage: P._is_valid_ribbon([0,1,2,3,4])
+            True
+            sage: P._is_valid_ribbon([2])
+            False
+            sage: P._is_valid_ribbon([2,3,4])
+            True
+            sage: P._is_valid_ribbon([2,3])
+            True
+        """
+        ribbon = [self._element_to_vertex(x) for x in ribbon]
+        G = self._hasse_diagram
+        G_un = G.to_undirected().copy(immutable=False)
+        R = G.subgraph(ribbon)
+        num_anchors = 0
+
+        for r in ribbon:
+            anchor_neighbors = set(G.neighbor_out_iterator(r)).difference(set(R.neighbor_out_iterator(r)))
+            if len(anchor_neighbors) == 1:
+                num_anchors += 1
+            elif len(anchor_neighbors) > 1:
+                return False
+
+            for lc in G.neighbor_in_iterator(r):
+                if lc in ribbon:
+                    continue
+
+                G_un.delete_edge(lc, r)
+                P = Poset(G.subgraph(G_un.connected_component_containing_vertex(lc, sort=False)))
+                if P.top() != lc or not P.is_d_complete():
+                    return False
+                G_un.add_edge(lc, r)
+
+        return True
+
+    @lazy_attribute
+    def _anchor(self):
+        r"""
+        The anchor of the mobile poset.
+
+        TESTS::
+
+            sage: from sage.combinat.posets.mobile import MobilePoset
+            sage: M = MobilePoset(DiGraph([[0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8],
+            ....:   [(1,0),(3,0),(2,1),(2,3),(4,3), (5,4),(5,6),(7,4),(7,8)]]))
+            sage: M._anchor
+            (4, 3)
+        """
+        ribbon = [self._element_to_vertex(x) for x in self._ribbon]
+        H = self._hasse_diagram
+        R = H.subgraph(ribbon)
+
+        anchor = None
+
+        # Find the anchor vertex, if it exists, and return the edge
+        for r in ribbon:
+            anchor_neighbors = set(H.neighbor_out_iterator(r)).difference(set(R.neighbor_out_iterator(r)))
+            if len(anchor_neighbors) == 1:
+                anchor = (r, anchor_neighbors.pop())
+                break
+        return (self._vertex_to_element(anchor[0]), self._vertex_to_element(anchor[1])) if anchor is not None else None
+
+    @lazy_attribute
+    def _ribbon(self):
+        r"""
+        The ribbon of the mobile poset.
+
+        TESTS::
+
+            sage: from sage.combinat.posets.mobile import MobilePoset
+            sage: M = MobilePoset(DiGraph([[0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8],
+            ....:   [(1,0),(3,0),(2,1),(2,3),(4,3), (5,4),(5,6),(7,4),(7,8)]]))
+            sage: sorted(M._ribbon)
+            [4, 5, 6, 7, 8]
+            sage: M._is_valid_ribbon(M._ribbon)
+            True
+            sage: M2 = MobilePoset(Poset([[0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8],
+            ....:          [(1,0),(3,0),(2,1),(2,3),(4,3),(5,4),(7,4),(7,8)]]))
+            sage: sorted(M2._ribbon)
+            [4, 7, 8]
+            sage: M2._is_valid_ribbon(M2._ribbon)
+            True
+        """
+        H = self._hasse_diagram
+        H_un = H.to_undirected()
+        max_elmts = H.sinks()
+        # Compute anchor, ribbon
+        ribbon = []  # In order list of elements on zigzag
+
+        if len(max_elmts) == 1:
+            return [self._vertex_to_element(max_elmts[0])]
+        # Compute max element tree by merging shortest paths
+        start = max_elmts[0]
+
+        zigzag_elmts = set()
+        for m in max_elmts[1:]:
+            sp = H_un.shortest_path(start, m)
+            zigzag_elmts.update(sp)
+        max_elmt_graph = H.subgraph(zigzag_elmts)
+        G = max_elmt_graph.to_undirected()
+
+        if G.is_path():
+            # Check if there is a anchor by seeing if there is more than one acyclic path to the next max
+            ends = max_elmt_graph.vertices(sort=True, degree=1)
+            # Form ribbon
+            ribbon = G.shortest_path(ends[0], ends[1])
+            for end_count, end in enumerate(ends):
+                if not (H_un.is_cut_vertex(end) or H_un.degree(end) == 1):
+                    traverse_ribbon = ribbon if end_count == 0 else ribbon[::-1]
+                    for ind, p in enumerate(traverse_ribbon):
+                        if H_un.is_cut_edge(p, traverse_ribbon[ind + 1]):
+                            return [self._vertex_to_element(r)
+                                    for r in G.shortest_path(ends[(end_count + 1) % 2], traverse_ribbon[ind + 1])]
+            return [self._vertex_to_element(r) for r in ribbon]
+
+        # First check path counts between ends and deg3 vertex
+        # Then check if more than one max elmt on way to degree 3 vertex.
+        # Then check if the edge going to a max element is down from the degree 3 vertex
+        # Arbitrarily choose between ones with just 1
+
+        ends = max_elmt_graph.vertices(sort=True, degree=1)
+        deg3 = max_elmt_graph.vertices(sort=True, degree=3)[0]
+
+        anchoredEnd = None
+        for end in ends:
+            if not (H_un.is_cut_vertex(end) or H_un.degree(end) == 1):
+                anchoredEnd = end
+                break
+
+        if anchoredEnd is not None:
+            ends.remove(anchoredEnd)
+            return [self._vertex_to_element(r) for r in G.shortest_path(ends[0], ends[1])]
+
+        possible_anchors = ends[:]
+        for end in ends:
+            path = G.shortest_path(end, deg3)
+            if sum(bool(z in max_elmts) for z in path) != 1:
+                possible_anchors.remove(end)
+
+        for p in possible_anchors:
+            path = G.shortest_path(p, deg3)
+            if max_elmt_graph.has_edge(path[-2], path[-1]):
+                possible_anchors.remove(p)
+
+        anchoredEnd = possible_anchors[0]
+        ends.remove(anchoredEnd)
+        return [self._vertex_to_element(r) for r in G.shortest_path(ends[0], ends[1])]
+
+    def ribbon(self):
+        r"""
+        Return the ribbon of the mobile poset.
+
+        EXAMPLES::
+
+            sage: from sage.combinat.posets.mobile import MobilePoset
+            sage: M3 = MobilePoset(Posets.RibbonPoset(5, [1,2]))
+            sage: sorted(M3.ribbon())
+            [1, 2, 3, 4]
+        """
+        return self._ribbon
+
+    def anchor(self):
+        r"""
+        Return the anchor of the mobile poset.
+
+        EXAMPLES::
+
+            sage: from sage.combinat.posets.mobile import MobilePoset
+            sage: M2 = MobilePoset(Poset([[0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8],
+            ....:          [(1,0),(3,0),(2,1),(2,3),(4,3),(5,4),(7,4),(7,8)]]))
+            sage: M2.anchor()
+            (4, 3)
+            sage: M3 = MobilePoset(Posets.RibbonPoset(5, [1,2]))
+            sage: M3.anchor() is None
+            True
+        """
+        return self._anchor