numpy 2.4.0__cp313-cp313t-musllinux_1_2_aarch64.whl

numpy/lib/tests/test_stride_tricks.py

@@ -0,0 +1,655 @@
+import pytest
+
+import numpy as np
+from numpy._core._rational_tests import rational
+from numpy.lib._stride_tricks_impl import (
+    _broadcast_shape,
+    as_strided,
+    broadcast_arrays,
+    broadcast_shapes,
+    broadcast_to,
+    sliding_window_view,
+)
+from numpy.testing import (
+    assert_,
+    assert_array_equal,
+    assert_equal,
+    assert_raises,
+    assert_raises_regex,
+)
+
+
+def assert_shapes_correct(input_shapes, expected_shape):
+    # Broadcast a list of arrays with the given input shapes and check the
+    # common output shape.
+
+    inarrays = [np.zeros(s) for s in input_shapes]
+    outarrays = broadcast_arrays(*inarrays)
+    outshapes = [a.shape for a in outarrays]
+    expected = [expected_shape] * len(inarrays)
+    assert_equal(outshapes, expected)
+
+
+def assert_incompatible_shapes_raise(input_shapes):
+    # Broadcast a list of arrays with the given (incompatible) input shapes
+    # and check that they raise a ValueError.
+
+    inarrays = [np.zeros(s) for s in input_shapes]
+    assert_raises(ValueError, broadcast_arrays, *inarrays)
+
+
+def assert_same_as_ufunc(shape0, shape1, transposed=False, flipped=False):
+    # Broadcast two shapes against each other and check that the data layout
+    # is the same as if a ufunc did the broadcasting.
+
+    x0 = np.zeros(shape0, dtype=int)
+    # Note that multiply.reduce's identity element is 1.0, so when shape1==(),
+    # this gives the desired n==1.
+    n = int(np.multiply.reduce(shape1))
+    x1 = np.arange(n).reshape(shape1)
+    if transposed:
+        x0 = x0.T
+        x1 = x1.T
+    if flipped:
+        x0 = x0[::-1]
+        x1 = x1[::-1]
+    # Use the add ufunc to do the broadcasting. Since we're adding 0s to x1, the
+    # result should be exactly the same as the broadcasted view of x1.
+    y = x0 + x1
+    b0, b1 = broadcast_arrays(x0, x1)
+    assert_array_equal(y, b1)
+
+
+def test_same():
+    x = np.arange(10)
+    y = np.arange(10)
+    bx, by = broadcast_arrays(x, y)
+    assert_array_equal(x, bx)
+    assert_array_equal(y, by)
+
+def test_broadcast_kwargs():
+    # ensure that a TypeError is appropriately raised when
+    # np.broadcast_arrays() is called with any keyword
+    # argument other than 'subok'
+    x = np.arange(10)
+    y = np.arange(10)
+
+    with assert_raises_regex(TypeError, 'got an unexpected keyword'):
+        broadcast_arrays(x, y, dtype='float64')
+
+
+def test_one_off():
+    x = np.array([[1, 2, 3]])
+    y = np.array([[1], [2], [3]])
+    bx, by = broadcast_arrays(x, y)
+    bx0 = np.array([[1, 2, 3], [1, 2, 3], [1, 2, 3]])
+    by0 = bx0.T
+    assert_array_equal(bx0, bx)
+    assert_array_equal(by0, by)
+
+
+def test_same_input_shapes():
+    # Check that the final shape is just the input shape.
+
+    data = [
+        (),
+        (1,),
+        (3,),
+        (0, 1),
+        (0, 3),
+        (1, 0),
+        (3, 0),
+        (1, 3),
+        (3, 1),
+        (3, 3),
+    ]
+    for shape in data:
+        input_shapes = [shape]
+        # Single input.
+        assert_shapes_correct(input_shapes, shape)
+        # Double input.
+        input_shapes2 = [shape, shape]
+        assert_shapes_correct(input_shapes2, shape)
+        # Triple input.
+        input_shapes3 = [shape, shape, shape]
+        assert_shapes_correct(input_shapes3, shape)
+
+
+def test_two_compatible_by_ones_input_shapes():
+    # Check that two different input shapes of the same length, but some have
+    # ones, broadcast to the correct shape.
+
+    data = [
+        [[(1,), (3,)], (3,)],
+        [[(1, 3), (3, 3)], (3, 3)],
+        [[(3, 1), (3, 3)], (3, 3)],
+        [[(1, 3), (3, 1)], (3, 3)],
+        [[(1, 1), (3, 3)], (3, 3)],
+        [[(1, 1), (1, 3)], (1, 3)],
+        [[(1, 1), (3, 1)], (3, 1)],
+        [[(1, 0), (0, 0)], (0, 0)],
+        [[(0, 1), (0, 0)], (0, 0)],
+        [[(1, 0), (0, 1)], (0, 0)],
+        [[(1, 1), (0, 0)], (0, 0)],
+        [[(1, 1), (1, 0)], (1, 0)],
+        [[(1, 1), (0, 1)], (0, 1)],
+    ]
+    for input_shapes, expected_shape in data:
+        assert_shapes_correct(input_shapes, expected_shape)
+        # Reverse the input shapes since broadcasting should be symmetric.
+        assert_shapes_correct(input_shapes[::-1], expected_shape)
+
+
+def test_two_compatible_by_prepending_ones_input_shapes():
+    # Check that two different input shapes (of different lengths) broadcast
+    # to the correct shape.
+
+    data = [
+        [[(), (3,)], (3,)],
+        [[(3,), (3, 3)], (3, 3)],
+        [[(3,), (3, 1)], (3, 3)],
+        [[(1,), (3, 3)], (3, 3)],
+        [[(), (3, 3)], (3, 3)],
+        [[(1, 1), (3,)], (1, 3)],
+        [[(1,), (3, 1)], (3, 1)],
+        [[(1,), (1, 3)], (1, 3)],
+        [[(), (1, 3)], (1, 3)],
+        [[(), (3, 1)], (3, 1)],
+        [[(), (0,)], (0,)],
+        [[(0,), (0, 0)], (0, 0)],
+        [[(0,), (0, 1)], (0, 0)],
+        [[(1,), (0, 0)], (0, 0)],
+        [[(), (0, 0)], (0, 0)],
+        [[(1, 1), (0,)], (1, 0)],
+        [[(1,), (0, 1)], (0, 1)],
+        [[(1,), (1, 0)], (1, 0)],
+        [[(), (1, 0)], (1, 0)],
+        [[(), (0, 1)], (0, 1)],
+    ]
+    for input_shapes, expected_shape in data:
+        assert_shapes_correct(input_shapes, expected_shape)
+        # Reverse the input shapes since broadcasting should be symmetric.
+        assert_shapes_correct(input_shapes[::-1], expected_shape)
+
+
+def test_incompatible_shapes_raise_valueerror():
+    # Check that a ValueError is raised for incompatible shapes.
+
+    data = [
+        [(3,), (4,)],
+        [(2, 3), (2,)],
+        [(3,), (3,), (4,)],
+        [(1, 3, 4), (2, 3, 3)],
+    ]
+    for input_shapes in data:
+        assert_incompatible_shapes_raise(input_shapes)
+        # Reverse the input shapes since broadcasting should be symmetric.
+        assert_incompatible_shapes_raise(input_shapes[::-1])
+
+
+def test_same_as_ufunc():
+    # Check that the data layout is the same as if a ufunc did the operation.
+
+    data = [
+        [[(1,), (3,)], (3,)],
+        [[(1, 3), (3, 3)], (3, 3)],
+        [[(3, 1), (3, 3)], (3, 3)],
+        [[(1, 3), (3, 1)], (3, 3)],
+        [[(1, 1), (3, 3)], (3, 3)],
+        [[(1, 1), (1, 3)], (1, 3)],
+        [[(1, 1), (3, 1)], (3, 1)],
+        [[(1, 0), (0, 0)], (0, 0)],
+        [[(0, 1), (0, 0)], (0, 0)],
+        [[(1, 0), (0, 1)], (0, 0)],
+        [[(1, 1), (0, 0)], (0, 0)],
+        [[(1, 1), (1, 0)], (1, 0)],
+        [[(1, 1), (0, 1)], (0, 1)],
+        [[(), (3,)], (3,)],
+        [[(3,), (3, 3)], (3, 3)],
+        [[(3,), (3, 1)], (3, 3)],
+        [[(1,), (3, 3)], (3, 3)],
+        [[(), (3, 3)], (3, 3)],
+        [[(1, 1), (3,)], (1, 3)],
+        [[(1,), (3, 1)], (3, 1)],
+        [[(1,), (1, 3)], (1, 3)],
+        [[(), (1, 3)], (1, 3)],
+        [[(), (3, 1)], (3, 1)],
+        [[(), (0,)], (0,)],
+        [[(0,), (0, 0)], (0, 0)],
+        [[(0,), (0, 1)], (0, 0)],
+        [[(1,), (0, 0)], (0, 0)],
+        [[(), (0, 0)], (0, 0)],
+        [[(1, 1), (0,)], (1, 0)],
+        [[(1,), (0, 1)], (0, 1)],
+        [[(1,), (1, 0)], (1, 0)],
+        [[(), (1, 0)], (1, 0)],
+        [[(), (0, 1)], (0, 1)],
+    ]
+    for input_shapes, expected_shape in data:
+        assert_same_as_ufunc(input_shapes[0], input_shapes[1],
+                             f"Shapes: {input_shapes[0]} {input_shapes[1]}")
+        # Reverse the input shapes since broadcasting should be symmetric.
+        assert_same_as_ufunc(input_shapes[1], input_shapes[0])
+        # Try them transposed, too.
+        assert_same_as_ufunc(input_shapes[0], input_shapes[1], True)
+        # ... and flipped for non-rank-0 inputs in order to test negative
+        # strides.
+        if () not in input_shapes:
+            assert_same_as_ufunc(input_shapes[0], input_shapes[1], False, True)
+            assert_same_as_ufunc(input_shapes[0], input_shapes[1], True, True)
+
+
+def test_broadcast_to_succeeds():
+    data = [
+        [np.array(0), (0,), np.array(0)],
+        [np.array(0), (1,), np.zeros(1)],
+        [np.array(0), (3,), np.zeros(3)],
+        [np.ones(1), (1,), np.ones(1)],
+        [np.ones(1), (2,), np.ones(2)],
+        [np.ones(1), (1, 2, 3), np.ones((1, 2, 3))],
+        [np.arange(3), (3,), np.arange(3)],
+        [np.arange(3), (1, 3), np.arange(3).reshape(1, -1)],
+        [np.arange(3), (2, 3), np.array([[0, 1, 2], [0, 1, 2]])],
+        # test if shape is not a tuple
+        [np.ones(0), 0, np.ones(0)],
+        [np.ones(1), 1, np.ones(1)],
+        [np.ones(1), 2, np.ones(2)],
+        # these cases with size 0 are strange, but they reproduce the behavior
+        # of broadcasting with ufuncs (see test_same_as_ufunc above)
+        [np.ones(1), (0,), np.ones(0)],
+        [np.ones((1, 2)), (0, 2), np.ones((0, 2))],
+        [np.ones((2, 1)), (2, 0), np.ones((2, 0))],
+    ]
+    for input_array, shape, expected in data:
+        actual = broadcast_to(input_array, shape)
+        assert_array_equal(expected, actual)
+
+
+def test_broadcast_to_raises():
+    data = [
+        [(0,), ()],
+        [(1,), ()],
+        [(3,), ()],
+        [(3,), (1,)],
+        [(3,), (2,)],
+        [(3,), (4,)],
+        [(1, 2), (2, 1)],
+        [(1, 1), (1,)],
+        [(1,), -1],
+        [(1,), (-1,)],
+        [(1, 2), (-1, 2)],
+    ]
+    for orig_shape, target_shape in data:
+        arr = np.zeros(orig_shape)
+        assert_raises(ValueError, lambda: broadcast_to(arr, target_shape))
+
+
+def test_broadcast_shape():
+    # tests internal _broadcast_shape
+    # _broadcast_shape is already exercised indirectly by broadcast_arrays
+    # _broadcast_shape is also exercised by the public broadcast_shapes function
+    assert_equal(_broadcast_shape(), ())
+    assert_equal(_broadcast_shape([1, 2]), (2,))
+    assert_equal(_broadcast_shape(np.ones((1, 1))), (1, 1))
+    assert_equal(_broadcast_shape(np.ones((1, 1)), np.ones((3, 4))), (3, 4))
+    assert_equal(_broadcast_shape(*([np.ones((1, 2))] * 32)), (1, 2))
+    assert_equal(_broadcast_shape(*([np.ones((1, 2))] * 100)), (1, 2))
+
+    # regression tests for gh-5862
+    assert_equal(_broadcast_shape(*([np.ones(2)] * 32 + [1])), (2,))
+    bad_args = [np.ones(2)] * 32 + [np.ones(3)] * 32
+    assert_raises(ValueError, lambda: _broadcast_shape(*bad_args))
+
+
+def test_broadcast_shapes_succeeds():
+    # tests public broadcast_shapes
+    data = [
+        [[], ()],
+        [[()], ()],
+        [[(7,)], (7,)],
+        [[(1, 2), (2,)], (1, 2)],
+        [[(1, 1)], (1, 1)],
+        [[(1, 1), (3, 4)], (3, 4)],
+        [[(6, 7), (5, 6, 1), (7,), (5, 1, 7)], (5, 6, 7)],
+        [[(5, 6, 1)], (5, 6, 1)],
+        [[(1, 3), (3, 1)], (3, 3)],
+        [[(1, 0), (0, 0)], (0, 0)],
+        [[(0, 1), (0, 0)], (0, 0)],
+        [[(1, 0), (0, 1)], (0, 0)],
+        [[(1, 1), (0, 0)], (0, 0)],
+        [[(1, 1), (1, 0)], (1, 0)],
+        [[(1, 1), (0, 1)], (0, 1)],
+        [[(), (0,)], (0,)],
+        [[(0,), (0, 0)], (0, 0)],
+        [[(0,), (0, 1)], (0, 0)],
+        [[(1,), (0, 0)], (0, 0)],
+        [[(), (0, 0)], (0, 0)],
+        [[(1, 1), (0,)], (1, 0)],
+        [[(1,), (0, 1)], (0, 1)],
+        [[(1,), (1, 0)], (1, 0)],
+        [[(), (1, 0)], (1, 0)],
+        [[(), (0, 1)], (0, 1)],
+        [[(1,), (3,)], (3,)],
+        [[2, (3, 2)], (3, 2)],
+    ]
+    for input_shapes, target_shape in data:
+        assert_equal(broadcast_shapes(*input_shapes), target_shape)
+
+    assert_equal(broadcast_shapes(*([(1, 2)] * 32)), (1, 2))
+    assert_equal(broadcast_shapes(*([(1, 2)] * 100)), (1, 2))
+
+    # regression tests for gh-5862
+    assert_equal(broadcast_shapes(*([(2,)] * 32)), (2,))
+
+
+def test_broadcast_shapes_raises():
+    # tests public broadcast_shapes
+    data = [
+        [(3,), (4,)],
+        [(2, 3), (2,)],
+        [(3,), (3,), (4,)],
+        [(1, 3, 4), (2, 3, 3)],
+        [(1, 2), (3, 1), (3, 2), (10, 5)],
+        [2, (2, 3)],
+    ]
+    for input_shapes in data:
+        assert_raises(ValueError, lambda: broadcast_shapes(*input_shapes))
+
+    bad_args = [(2,)] * 32 + [(3,)] * 32
+    assert_raises(ValueError, lambda: broadcast_shapes(*bad_args))
+
+
+def test_as_strided():
+    a = np.array([None])
+    a_view = as_strided(a)
+    expected = np.array([None])
+    assert_array_equal(a_view, np.array([None]))
+
+    a = np.array([1, 2, 3, 4])
+    a_view = as_strided(a, shape=(2,), strides=(2 * a.itemsize,))
+    expected = np.array([1, 3])
+    assert_array_equal(a_view, expected)
+
+    a = np.array([1, 2, 3, 4])
+    a_view = as_strided(a, shape=(3, 4), strides=(0, 1 * a.itemsize))
+    expected = np.array([[1, 2, 3, 4], [1, 2, 3, 4], [1, 2, 3, 4]])
+    assert_array_equal(a_view, expected)
+
+    # Regression test for gh-5081
+    dt = np.dtype([('num', 'i4'), ('obj', 'O')])
+    a = np.empty((4,), dtype=dt)
+    a['num'] = np.arange(1, 5)
+    a_view = as_strided(a, shape=(3, 4), strides=(0, a.itemsize))
+    expected_num = [[1, 2, 3, 4]] * 3
+    expected_obj = [[None] * 4] * 3
+    assert_equal(a_view.dtype, dt)
+    assert_array_equal(expected_num, a_view['num'])
+    assert_array_equal(expected_obj, a_view['obj'])
+
+    # Make sure that void types without fields are kept unchanged
+    a = np.empty((4,), dtype='V4')
+    a_view = as_strided(a, shape=(3, 4), strides=(0, a.itemsize))
+    assert_equal(a.dtype, a_view.dtype)
+
+    # Make sure that the only type that could fail is properly handled
+    dt = np.dtype({'names': [''], 'formats': ['V4']})
+    a = np.empty((4,), dtype=dt)
+    a_view = as_strided(a, shape=(3, 4), strides=(0, a.itemsize))
+    assert_equal(a.dtype, a_view.dtype)
+
+    # Custom dtypes should not be lost (gh-9161)
+    r = [rational(i) for i in range(4)]
+    a = np.array(r, dtype=rational)
+    a_view = as_strided(a, shape=(3, 4), strides=(0, a.itemsize))
+    assert_equal(a.dtype, a_view.dtype)
+    assert_array_equal([r] * 3, a_view)
+
+
+class TestSlidingWindowView:
+    def test_1d(self):
+        arr = np.arange(5)
+        arr_view = sliding_window_view(arr, 2)
+        expected = np.array([[0, 1],
+                             [1, 2],
+                             [2, 3],
+                             [3, 4]])
+        assert_array_equal(arr_view, expected)
+
+    def test_2d(self):
+        i, j = np.ogrid[:3, :4]
+        arr = 10 * i + j
+        shape = (2, 2)
+        arr_view = sliding_window_view(arr, shape)
+        expected = np.array([[[[0, 1], [10, 11]],
+                              [[1, 2], [11, 12]],
+                              [[2, 3], [12, 13]]],
+                             [[[10, 11], [20, 21]],
+                              [[11, 12], [21, 22]],
+                              [[12, 13], [22, 23]]]])
+        assert_array_equal(arr_view, expected)
+
+    def test_2d_with_axis(self):
+        i, j = np.ogrid[:3, :4]
+        arr = 10 * i + j
+        arr_view = sliding_window_view(arr, 3, 0)
+        expected = np.array([[[0, 10, 20],
+                              [1, 11, 21],
+                              [2, 12, 22],
+                              [3, 13, 23]]])
+        assert_array_equal(arr_view, expected)
+
+    def test_2d_repeated_axis(self):
+        i, j = np.ogrid[:3, :4]
+        arr = 10 * i + j
+        arr_view = sliding_window_view(arr, (2, 3), (1, 1))
+        expected = np.array([[[[0, 1, 2],
+                               [1, 2, 3]]],
+                             [[[10, 11, 12],
+                               [11, 12, 13]]],
+                             [[[20, 21, 22],
+                               [21, 22, 23]]]])
+        assert_array_equal(arr_view, expected)
+
+    def test_2d_without_axis(self):
+        i, j = np.ogrid[:4, :4]
+        arr = 10 * i + j
+        shape = (2, 3)
+        arr_view = sliding_window_view(arr, shape)
+        expected = np.array([[[[0, 1, 2], [10, 11, 12]],
+                              [[1, 2, 3], [11, 12, 13]]],
+                             [[[10, 11, 12], [20, 21, 22]],
+                              [[11, 12, 13], [21, 22, 23]]],
+                             [[[20, 21, 22], [30, 31, 32]],
+                              [[21, 22, 23], [31, 32, 33]]]])
+        assert_array_equal(arr_view, expected)
+
+    def test_errors(self):
+        i, j = np.ogrid[:4, :4]
+        arr = 10 * i + j
+        with pytest.raises(ValueError, match='cannot contain negative values'):
+            sliding_window_view(arr, (-1, 3))
+        with pytest.raises(
+                ValueError,
+                match='must provide window_shape for all dimensions of `x`'):
+            sliding_window_view(arr, (1,))
+        with pytest.raises(
+                ValueError,
+                match='Must provide matching length window_shape and axis'):
+            sliding_window_view(arr, (1, 3, 4), axis=(0, 1))
+        with pytest.raises(
+                ValueError,
+                match='window shape cannot be larger than input array'):
+            sliding_window_view(arr, (5, 5))
+
+    def test_writeable(self):
+        arr = np.arange(5)
+        view = sliding_window_view(arr, 2, writeable=False)
+        assert_(not view.flags.writeable)
+        with pytest.raises(
+                ValueError,
+                match='assignment destination is read-only'):
+            view[0, 0] = 3
+        view = sliding_window_view(arr, 2, writeable=True)
+        assert_(view.flags.writeable)
+        view[0, 1] = 3
+        assert_array_equal(arr, np.array([0, 3, 2, 3, 4]))
+
+    def test_subok(self):
+        class MyArray(np.ndarray):
+            pass
+
+        arr = np.arange(5).view(MyArray)
+        assert_(not isinstance(sliding_window_view(arr, 2,
+                                                   subok=False),
+                               MyArray))
+        assert_(isinstance(sliding_window_view(arr, 2, subok=True), MyArray))
+        # Default behavior
+        assert_(not isinstance(sliding_window_view(arr, 2), MyArray))
+
+
+def as_strided_writeable():
+    arr = np.ones(10)
+    view = as_strided(arr, writeable=False)
+    assert_(not view.flags.writeable)
+
+    # Check that writeable also is fine:
+    view = as_strided(arr, writeable=True)
+    assert_(view.flags.writeable)
+    view[...] = 3
+    assert_array_equal(arr, np.full_like(arr, 3))
+
+    # Test that things do not break down for readonly:
+    arr.flags.writeable = False
+    view = as_strided(arr, writeable=False)
+    view = as_strided(arr, writeable=True)
+    assert_(not view.flags.writeable)
+
+
+class VerySimpleSubClass(np.ndarray):
+    def __new__(cls, *args, **kwargs):
+        return np.array(*args, subok=True, **kwargs).view(cls)
+
+
+class SimpleSubClass(VerySimpleSubClass):
+    def __new__(cls, *args, **kwargs):
+        self = np.array(*args, subok=True, **kwargs).view(cls)
+        self.info = 'simple'
+        return self
+
+    def __array_finalize__(self, obj):
+        self.info = getattr(obj, 'info', '') + ' finalized'
+
+
+def test_subclasses():
+    # test that subclass is preserved only if subok=True
+    a = VerySimpleSubClass([1, 2, 3, 4])
+    assert_(type(a) is VerySimpleSubClass)
+    a_view = as_strided(a, shape=(2,), strides=(2 * a.itemsize,))
+    assert_(type(a_view) is np.ndarray)
+    a_view = as_strided(a, shape=(2,), strides=(2 * a.itemsize,), subok=True)
+    assert_(type(a_view) is VerySimpleSubClass)
+    # test that if a subclass has __array_finalize__, it is used
+    a = SimpleSubClass([1, 2, 3, 4])
+    a_view = as_strided(a, shape=(2,), strides=(2 * a.itemsize,), subok=True)
+    assert_(type(a_view) is SimpleSubClass)
+    assert_(a_view.info == 'simple finalized')
+
+    # similar tests for broadcast_arrays
+    b = np.arange(len(a)).reshape(-1, 1)
+    a_view, b_view = broadcast_arrays(a, b)
+    assert_(type(a_view) is np.ndarray)
+    assert_(type(b_view) is np.ndarray)
+    assert_(a_view.shape == b_view.shape)
+    a_view, b_view = broadcast_arrays(a, b, subok=True)
+    assert_(type(a_view) is SimpleSubClass)
+    assert_(a_view.info == 'simple finalized')
+    assert_(type(b_view) is np.ndarray)
+    assert_(a_view.shape == b_view.shape)
+
+    # and for broadcast_to
+    shape = (2, 4)
+    a_view = broadcast_to(a, shape)
+    assert_(type(a_view) is np.ndarray)
+    assert_(a_view.shape == shape)
+    a_view = broadcast_to(a, shape, subok=True)
+    assert_(type(a_view) is SimpleSubClass)
+    assert_(a_view.info == 'simple finalized')
+    assert_(a_view.shape == shape)
+
+
+def test_writeable():
+    # broadcast_to should return a readonly array
+    original = np.array([1, 2, 3])
+    result = broadcast_to(original, (2, 3))
+    assert_equal(result.flags.writeable, False)
+    assert_raises(ValueError, result.__setitem__, slice(None), 0)
+
+    # but the result of broadcast_arrays needs to be writeable, to
+    # preserve backwards compatibility
+    test_cases = [((False,), broadcast_arrays(original,)),
+                  ((True, False), broadcast_arrays(0, original))]
+    for is_broadcast, results in test_cases:
+        for array_is_broadcast, result in zip(is_broadcast, results):
+            # This will change to False in a future version
+            if array_is_broadcast:
+                with pytest.warns(FutureWarning):
+                    assert_equal(result.flags.writeable, True)
+                with pytest.warns(DeprecationWarning):
+                    result[:] = 0
+                # Warning not emitted, writing to the array resets it
+                assert_equal(result.flags.writeable, True)
+            else:
+                # No warning:
+                assert_equal(result.flags.writeable, True)
+
+    for results in [broadcast_arrays(original),
+                    broadcast_arrays(0, original)]:
+        for result in results:
+            # resets the warn_on_write DeprecationWarning
+            result.flags.writeable = True
+            # check: no warning emitted
+            assert_equal(result.flags.writeable, True)
+            result[:] = 0
+
+    # keep readonly input readonly
+    original.flags.writeable = False
+    _, result = broadcast_arrays(0, original)
+    assert_equal(result.flags.writeable, False)
+
+    # regression test for GH6491
+    shape = (2,)
+    strides = [0]
+    tricky_array = as_strided(np.array(0), shape, strides)
+    other = np.zeros((1,))
+    first, second = broadcast_arrays(tricky_array, other)
+    assert_(first.shape == second.shape)
+
+
+def test_writeable_memoryview():
+    # The result of broadcast_arrays exports as a non-writeable memoryview
+    # because otherwise there is no good way to opt in to the new behaviour
+    # (i.e. you would need to set writeable to False explicitly).
+    # See gh-13929.
+    original = np.array([1, 2, 3])
+
+    test_cases = [((False, ), broadcast_arrays(original,)),
+                  ((True, False), broadcast_arrays(0, original))]
+    for is_broadcast, results in test_cases:
+        for array_is_broadcast, result in zip(is_broadcast, results):
+            # This will change to False in a future version
+            if array_is_broadcast:
+                # memoryview(result, writable=True) will give warning but cannot
+                # be tested using the python API.
+                assert memoryview(result).readonly
+            else:
+                assert not memoryview(result).readonly
+
+
+def test_reference_types():
+    input_array = np.array('a', dtype=object)
+    expected = np.array(['a'] * 3, dtype=object)
+    actual = broadcast_to(input_array, (3,))
+    assert_array_equal(expected, actual)
+
+    actual, _ = broadcast_arrays(input_array, np.ones(3))
+    assert_array_equal(expected, actual)