numpy 2.4.0__cp313-cp313t-musllinux_1_2_aarch64.whl

numpy/lib/tests/test_shape_base.py

@@ -0,0 +1,813 @@
+import functools
+import sys
+
+import pytest
+
+import numpy as np
+from numpy import (
+    apply_along_axis,
+    apply_over_axes,
+    array_split,
+    column_stack,
+    dsplit,
+    dstack,
+    expand_dims,
+    hsplit,
+    kron,
+    put_along_axis,
+    split,
+    take_along_axis,
+    tile,
+    vsplit,
+)
+from numpy.exceptions import AxisError
+from numpy.testing import assert_, assert_array_equal, assert_equal, assert_raises
+
+IS_64BIT = sys.maxsize > 2**32
+
+
+def _add_keepdims(func):
+    """ hack in keepdims behavior into a function taking an axis """
+    @functools.wraps(func)
+    def wrapped(a, axis, **kwargs):
+        res = func(a, axis=axis, **kwargs)
+        if axis is None:
+            axis = 0  # res is now a scalar, so we can insert this anywhere
+        return np.expand_dims(res, axis=axis)
+    return wrapped
+
+
+class TestTakeAlongAxis:
+    def test_argequivalent(self):
+        """ Test it translates from arg<func> to <func> """
+        from numpy.random import rand
+        a = rand(3, 4, 5)
+
+        funcs = [
+            (np.sort, np.argsort, {}),
+            (_add_keepdims(np.min), _add_keepdims(np.argmin), {}),
+            (_add_keepdims(np.max), _add_keepdims(np.argmax), {}),
+            #(np.partition, np.argpartition, dict(kth=2)),
+        ]
+
+        for func, argfunc, kwargs in funcs:
+            for axis in list(range(a.ndim)) + [None]:
+                a_func = func(a, axis=axis, **kwargs)
+                ai_func = argfunc(a, axis=axis, **kwargs)
+                assert_equal(a_func, take_along_axis(a, ai_func, axis=axis))
+
+    def test_invalid(self):
+        """ Test it errors when indices has too few dimensions """
+        a = np.ones((10, 10))
+        ai = np.ones((10, 2), dtype=np.intp)
+
+        # sanity check
+        take_along_axis(a, ai, axis=1)
+
+        # not enough indices
+        assert_raises(ValueError, take_along_axis, a, np.array(1), axis=1)
+        # bool arrays not allowed
+        assert_raises(IndexError, take_along_axis, a, ai.astype(bool), axis=1)
+        # float arrays not allowed
+        assert_raises(IndexError, take_along_axis, a, ai.astype(float), axis=1)
+        # invalid axis
+        assert_raises(AxisError, take_along_axis, a, ai, axis=10)
+        # invalid indices
+        assert_raises(ValueError, take_along_axis, a, ai, axis=None)
+
+    def test_empty(self):
+        """ Test everything is ok with empty results, even with inserted dims """
+        a = np.ones((3, 4, 5))
+        ai = np.ones((3, 0, 5), dtype=np.intp)
+
+        actual = take_along_axis(a, ai, axis=1)
+        assert_equal(actual.shape, ai.shape)
+
+    def test_broadcast(self):
+        """ Test that non-indexing dimensions are broadcast in both directions """
+        a = np.ones((3, 4, 1))
+        ai = np.ones((1, 2, 5), dtype=np.intp)
+        actual = take_along_axis(a, ai, axis=1)
+        assert_equal(actual.shape, (3, 2, 5))
+
+
+class TestPutAlongAxis:
+    def test_replace_max(self):
+        a_base = np.array([[10, 30, 20], [60, 40, 50]])
+
+        for axis in list(range(a_base.ndim)) + [None]:
+            # we mutate this in the loop
+            a = a_base.copy()
+
+            # replace the max with a small value
+            i_max = _add_keepdims(np.argmax)(a, axis=axis)
+            put_along_axis(a, i_max, -99, axis=axis)
+
+            # find the new minimum, which should max
+            i_min = _add_keepdims(np.argmin)(a, axis=axis)
+
+            assert_equal(i_min, i_max)
+
+    def test_broadcast(self):
+        """ Test that non-indexing dimensions are broadcast in both directions """
+        a = np.ones((3, 4, 1))
+        ai = np.arange(10, dtype=np.intp).reshape((1, 2, 5)) % 4
+        put_along_axis(a, ai, 20, axis=1)
+        assert_equal(take_along_axis(a, ai, axis=1), 20)
+
+    def test_invalid(self):
+        """ Test invalid inputs """
+        a_base = np.array([[10, 30, 20], [60, 40, 50]])
+        indices = np.array([[0], [1]])
+        values = np.array([[2], [1]])
+
+        # sanity check
+        a = a_base.copy()
+        put_along_axis(a, indices, values, axis=0)
+        assert np.all(a == [[2, 2, 2], [1, 1, 1]])
+
+        # invalid indices
+        a = a_base.copy()
+        with assert_raises(ValueError) as exc:
+            put_along_axis(a, indices, values, axis=None)
+        assert "single dimension" in str(exc.exception)
+
+
+class TestApplyAlongAxis:
+    def test_simple(self):
+        a = np.ones((20, 10), 'd')
+        assert_array_equal(
+            apply_along_axis(len, 0, a), len(a) * np.ones(a.shape[1]))
+
+    def test_simple101(self):
+        a = np.ones((10, 101), 'd')
+        assert_array_equal(
+            apply_along_axis(len, 0, a), len(a) * np.ones(a.shape[1]))
+
+    def test_3d(self):
+        a = np.arange(27).reshape((3, 3, 3))
+        assert_array_equal(apply_along_axis(np.sum, 0, a),
+                           [[27, 30, 33], [36, 39, 42], [45, 48, 51]])
+
+    def test_preserve_subclass(self):
+        def double(row):
+            return row * 2
+
+        class MyNDArray(np.ndarray):
+            pass
+
+        m = np.array([[0, 1], [2, 3]]).view(MyNDArray)
+        expected = np.array([[0, 2], [4, 6]]).view(MyNDArray)
+
+        result = apply_along_axis(double, 0, m)
+        assert_(isinstance(result, MyNDArray))
+        assert_array_equal(result, expected)
+
+        result = apply_along_axis(double, 1, m)
+        assert_(isinstance(result, MyNDArray))
+        assert_array_equal(result, expected)
+
+    def test_subclass(self):
+        class MinimalSubclass(np.ndarray):
+            data = 1
+
+        def minimal_function(array):
+            return array.data
+
+        a = np.zeros((6, 3)).view(MinimalSubclass)
+
+        assert_array_equal(
+            apply_along_axis(minimal_function, 0, a), np.array([1, 1, 1])
+        )
+
+    def test_scalar_array(self, cls=np.ndarray):
+        a = np.ones((6, 3)).view(cls)
+        res = apply_along_axis(np.sum, 0, a)
+        assert_(isinstance(res, cls))
+        assert_array_equal(res, np.array([6, 6, 6]).view(cls))
+
+    def test_0d_array(self, cls=np.ndarray):
+        def sum_to_0d(x):
+            """ Sum x, returning a 0d array of the same class """
+            assert_equal(x.ndim, 1)
+            return np.squeeze(np.sum(x, keepdims=True))
+        a = np.ones((6, 3)).view(cls)
+        res = apply_along_axis(sum_to_0d, 0, a)
+        assert_(isinstance(res, cls))
+        assert_array_equal(res, np.array([6, 6, 6]).view(cls))
+
+        res = apply_along_axis(sum_to_0d, 1, a)
+        assert_(isinstance(res, cls))
+        assert_array_equal(res, np.array([3, 3, 3, 3, 3, 3]).view(cls))
+
+    def test_axis_insertion(self, cls=np.ndarray):
+        def f1to2(x):
+            """produces an asymmetric non-square matrix from x"""
+            assert_equal(x.ndim, 1)
+            return (x[::-1] * x[1:, None]).view(cls)
+
+        a2d = np.arange(6 * 3).reshape((6, 3))
+
+        # 2d insertion along first axis
+        actual = apply_along_axis(f1to2, 0, a2d)
+        expected = np.stack([
+            f1to2(a2d[:, i]) for i in range(a2d.shape[1])
+        ], axis=-1).view(cls)
+        assert_equal(type(actual), type(expected))
+        assert_equal(actual, expected)
+
+        # 2d insertion along last axis
+        actual = apply_along_axis(f1to2, 1, a2d)
+        expected = np.stack([
+            f1to2(a2d[i, :]) for i in range(a2d.shape[0])
+        ], axis=0).view(cls)
+        assert_equal(type(actual), type(expected))
+        assert_equal(actual, expected)
+
+        # 3d insertion along middle axis
+        a3d = np.arange(6 * 5 * 3).reshape((6, 5, 3))
+
+        actual = apply_along_axis(f1to2, 1, a3d)
+        expected = np.stack([
+            np.stack([
+                f1to2(a3d[i, :, j]) for i in range(a3d.shape[0])
+            ], axis=0)
+            for j in range(a3d.shape[2])
+        ], axis=-1).view(cls)
+        assert_equal(type(actual), type(expected))
+        assert_equal(actual, expected)
+
+    def test_subclass_preservation(self):
+        class MinimalSubclass(np.ndarray):
+            pass
+        self.test_scalar_array(MinimalSubclass)
+        self.test_0d_array(MinimalSubclass)
+        self.test_axis_insertion(MinimalSubclass)
+
+    def test_axis_insertion_ma(self):
+        def f1to2(x):
+            """produces an asymmetric non-square matrix from x"""
+            assert_equal(x.ndim, 1)
+            res = x[::-1] * x[1:, None]
+            return np.ma.masked_where(res % 5 == 0, res)
+        a = np.arange(6 * 3).reshape((6, 3))
+        res = apply_along_axis(f1to2, 0, a)
+        assert_(isinstance(res, np.ma.masked_array))
+        assert_equal(res.ndim, 3)
+        assert_array_equal(res[:, :, 0].mask, f1to2(a[:, 0]).mask)
+        assert_array_equal(res[:, :, 1].mask, f1to2(a[:, 1]).mask)
+        assert_array_equal(res[:, :, 2].mask, f1to2(a[:, 2]).mask)
+
+    def test_tuple_func1d(self):
+        def sample_1d(x):
+            return x[1], x[0]
+        res = np.apply_along_axis(sample_1d, 1, np.array([[1, 2], [3, 4]]))
+        assert_array_equal(res, np.array([[2, 1], [4, 3]]))
+
+    def test_empty(self):
+        # can't apply_along_axis when there's no chance to call the function
+        def never_call(x):
+            assert_(False)  # should never be reached
+
+        a = np.empty((0, 0))
+        assert_raises(ValueError, np.apply_along_axis, never_call, 0, a)
+        assert_raises(ValueError, np.apply_along_axis, never_call, 1, a)
+
+        # but it's sometimes ok with some non-zero dimensions
+        def empty_to_1(x):
+            assert_(len(x) == 0)
+            return 1
+
+        a = np.empty((10, 0))
+        actual = np.apply_along_axis(empty_to_1, 1, a)
+        assert_equal(actual, np.ones(10))
+        assert_raises(ValueError, np.apply_along_axis, empty_to_1, 0, a)
+
+    def test_with_iterable_object(self):
+        # from issue 5248
+        d = np.array([
+            [{1, 11}, {2, 22}, {3, 33}],
+            [{4, 44}, {5, 55}, {6, 66}]
+        ])
+        actual = np.apply_along_axis(lambda a: set.union(*a), 0, d)
+        expected = np.array([{1, 11, 4, 44}, {2, 22, 5, 55}, {3, 33, 6, 66}])
+
+        assert_equal(actual, expected)
+
+        # issue 8642 - assert_equal doesn't detect this!
+        for i in np.ndindex(actual.shape):
+            assert_equal(type(actual[i]), type(expected[i]))
+
+
+class TestApplyOverAxes:
+    def test_simple(self):
+        a = np.arange(24).reshape(2, 3, 4)
+        aoa_a = apply_over_axes(np.sum, a, [0, 2])
+        assert_array_equal(aoa_a, np.array([[[60], [92], [124]]]))
+
+
+class TestExpandDims:
+    def test_functionality(self):
+        s = (2, 3, 4, 5)
+        a = np.empty(s)
+        for axis in range(-5, 4):
+            b = expand_dims(a, axis)
+            assert_(b.shape[axis] == 1)
+            assert_(np.squeeze(b).shape == s)
+
+    def test_axis_tuple(self):
+        a = np.empty((3, 3, 3))
+        assert np.expand_dims(a, axis=(0, 1, 2)).shape == (1, 1, 1, 3, 3, 3)
+        assert np.expand_dims(a, axis=(0, -1, -2)).shape == (1, 3, 3, 3, 1, 1)
+        assert np.expand_dims(a, axis=(0, 3, 5)).shape == (1, 3, 3, 1, 3, 1)
+        assert np.expand_dims(a, axis=(0, -3, -5)).shape == (1, 1, 3, 1, 3, 3)
+
+    def test_axis_out_of_range(self):
+        s = (2, 3, 4, 5)
+        a = np.empty(s)
+        assert_raises(AxisError, expand_dims, a, -6)
+        assert_raises(AxisError, expand_dims, a, 5)
+
+        a = np.empty((3, 3, 3))
+        assert_raises(AxisError, expand_dims, a, (0, -6))
+        assert_raises(AxisError, expand_dims, a, (0, 5))
+
+    def test_repeated_axis(self):
+        a = np.empty((3, 3, 3))
+        assert_raises(ValueError, expand_dims, a, axis=(1, 1))
+
+    def test_subclasses(self):
+        a = np.arange(10).reshape((2, 5))
+        a = np.ma.array(a, mask=a % 3 == 0)
+
+        expanded = np.expand_dims(a, axis=1)
+        assert_(isinstance(expanded, np.ma.MaskedArray))
+        assert_equal(expanded.shape, (2, 1, 5))
+        assert_equal(expanded.mask.shape, (2, 1, 5))
+
+
+class TestArraySplit:
+    def test_integer_0_split(self):
+        a = np.arange(10)
+        assert_raises(ValueError, array_split, a, 0)
+
+    def test_integer_split(self):
+        a = np.arange(10)
+        res = array_split(a, 1)
+        desired = [np.arange(10)]
+        compare_results(res, desired)
+
+        res = array_split(a, 2)
+        desired = [np.arange(5), np.arange(5, 10)]
+        compare_results(res, desired)
+
+        res = array_split(a, 3)
+        desired = [np.arange(4), np.arange(4, 7), np.arange(7, 10)]
+        compare_results(res, desired)
+
+        res = array_split(a, 4)
+        desired = [np.arange(3), np.arange(3, 6), np.arange(6, 8),
+                   np.arange(8, 10)]
+        compare_results(res, desired)
+
+        res = array_split(a, 5)
+        desired = [np.arange(2), np.arange(2, 4), np.arange(4, 6),
+                   np.arange(6, 8), np.arange(8, 10)]
+        compare_results(res, desired)
+
+        res = array_split(a, 6)
+        desired = [np.arange(2), np.arange(2, 4), np.arange(4, 6),
+                   np.arange(6, 8), np.arange(8, 9), np.arange(9, 10)]
+        compare_results(res, desired)
+
+        res = array_split(a, 7)
+        desired = [np.arange(2), np.arange(2, 4), np.arange(4, 6),
+                   np.arange(6, 7), np.arange(7, 8), np.arange(8, 9),
+                   np.arange(9, 10)]
+        compare_results(res, desired)
+
+        res = array_split(a, 8)
+        desired = [np.arange(2), np.arange(2, 4), np.arange(4, 5),
+                   np.arange(5, 6), np.arange(6, 7), np.arange(7, 8),
+                   np.arange(8, 9), np.arange(9, 10)]
+        compare_results(res, desired)
+
+        res = array_split(a, 9)
+        desired = [np.arange(2), np.arange(2, 3), np.arange(3, 4),
+                   np.arange(4, 5), np.arange(5, 6), np.arange(6, 7),
+                   np.arange(7, 8), np.arange(8, 9), np.arange(9, 10)]
+        compare_results(res, desired)
+
+        res = array_split(a, 10)
+        desired = [np.arange(1), np.arange(1, 2), np.arange(2, 3),
+                   np.arange(3, 4), np.arange(4, 5), np.arange(5, 6),
+                   np.arange(6, 7), np.arange(7, 8), np.arange(8, 9),
+                   np.arange(9, 10)]
+        compare_results(res, desired)
+
+        res = array_split(a, 11)
+        desired = [np.arange(1), np.arange(1, 2), np.arange(2, 3),
+                   np.arange(3, 4), np.arange(4, 5), np.arange(5, 6),
+                   np.arange(6, 7), np.arange(7, 8), np.arange(8, 9),
+                   np.arange(9, 10), np.array([])]
+        compare_results(res, desired)
+
+    def test_integer_split_2D_rows(self):
+        a = np.array([np.arange(10), np.arange(10)])
+        res = array_split(a, 3, axis=0)
+        tgt = [np.array([np.arange(10)]), np.array([np.arange(10)]),
+                   np.zeros((0, 10))]
+        compare_results(res, tgt)
+        assert_(a.dtype.type is res[-1].dtype.type)
+
+        # Same thing for manual splits:
+        res = array_split(a, [0, 1], axis=0)
+        tgt = [np.zeros((0, 10)), np.array([np.arange(10)]),
+               np.array([np.arange(10)])]
+        compare_results(res, tgt)
+        assert_(a.dtype.type is res[-1].dtype.type)
+
+    def test_integer_split_2D_cols(self):
+        a = np.array([np.arange(10), np.arange(10)])
+        res = array_split(a, 3, axis=-1)
+        desired = [np.array([np.arange(4), np.arange(4)]),
+                   np.array([np.arange(4, 7), np.arange(4, 7)]),
+                   np.array([np.arange(7, 10), np.arange(7, 10)])]
+        compare_results(res, desired)
+
+    def test_integer_split_2D_default(self):
+        """ This will fail if we change default axis
+        """
+        a = np.array([np.arange(10), np.arange(10)])
+        res = array_split(a, 3)
+        tgt = [np.array([np.arange(10)]), np.array([np.arange(10)]),
+                   np.zeros((0, 10))]
+        compare_results(res, tgt)
+        assert_(a.dtype.type is res[-1].dtype.type)
+        # perhaps should check higher dimensions
+
+    @pytest.mark.skipif(not IS_64BIT, reason="Needs 64bit platform")
+    def test_integer_split_2D_rows_greater_max_int32(self):
+        a = np.broadcast_to([0], (1 << 32, 2))
+        res = array_split(a, 4)
+        chunk = np.broadcast_to([0], (1 << 30, 2))
+        tgt = [chunk] * 4
+        for i in range(len(tgt)):
+            assert_equal(res[i].shape, tgt[i].shape)
+
+    def test_index_split_simple(self):
+        a = np.arange(10)
+        indices = [1, 5, 7]
+        res = array_split(a, indices, axis=-1)
+        desired = [np.arange(0, 1), np.arange(1, 5), np.arange(5, 7),
+                   np.arange(7, 10)]
+        compare_results(res, desired)
+
+    def test_index_split_low_bound(self):
+        a = np.arange(10)
+        indices = [0, 5, 7]
+        res = array_split(a, indices, axis=-1)
+        desired = [np.array([]), np.arange(0, 5), np.arange(5, 7),
+                   np.arange(7, 10)]
+        compare_results(res, desired)
+
+    def test_index_split_high_bound(self):
+        a = np.arange(10)
+        indices = [0, 5, 7, 10, 12]
+        res = array_split(a, indices, axis=-1)
+        desired = [np.array([]), np.arange(0, 5), np.arange(5, 7),
+                   np.arange(7, 10), np.array([]), np.array([])]
+        compare_results(res, desired)
+
+
+class TestSplit:
+    # The split function is essentially the same as array_split,
+    # except that it test if splitting will result in an
+    # equal split.  Only test for this case.
+
+    def test_equal_split(self):
+        a = np.arange(10)
+        res = split(a, 2)
+        desired = [np.arange(5), np.arange(5, 10)]
+        compare_results(res, desired)
+
+    def test_unequal_split(self):
+        a = np.arange(10)
+        assert_raises(ValueError, split, a, 3)
+
+
+class TestColumnStack:
+    def test_non_iterable(self):
+        assert_raises(TypeError, column_stack, 1)
+
+    def test_1D_arrays(self):
+        # example from docstring
+        a = np.array((1, 2, 3))
+        b = np.array((2, 3, 4))
+        expected = np.array([[1, 2],
+                             [2, 3],
+                             [3, 4]])
+        actual = np.column_stack((a, b))
+        assert_equal(actual, expected)
+
+    def test_2D_arrays(self):
+        # same as hstack 2D docstring example
+        a = np.array([[1], [2], [3]])
+        b = np.array([[2], [3], [4]])
+        expected = np.array([[1, 2],
+                             [2, 3],
+                             [3, 4]])
+        actual = np.column_stack((a, b))
+        assert_equal(actual, expected)
+
+    def test_generator(self):
+        with pytest.raises(TypeError, match="arrays to stack must be"):
+            column_stack(np.arange(3) for _ in range(2))
+
+
+class TestDstack:
+    def test_non_iterable(self):
+        assert_raises(TypeError, dstack, 1)
+
+    def test_0D_array(self):
+        a = np.array(1)
+        b = np.array(2)
+        res = dstack([a, b])
+        desired = np.array([[[1, 2]]])
+        assert_array_equal(res, desired)
+
+    def test_1D_array(self):
+        a = np.array([1])
+        b = np.array([2])
+        res = dstack([a, b])
+        desired = np.array([[[1, 2]]])
+        assert_array_equal(res, desired)
+
+    def test_2D_array(self):
+        a = np.array([[1], [2]])
+        b = np.array([[1], [2]])
+        res = dstack([a, b])
+        desired = np.array([[[1, 1]], [[2, 2, ]]])
+        assert_array_equal(res, desired)
+
+    def test_2D_array2(self):
+        a = np.array([1, 2])
+        b = np.array([1, 2])
+        res = dstack([a, b])
+        desired = np.array([[[1, 1], [2, 2]]])
+        assert_array_equal(res, desired)
+
+    def test_generator(self):
+        with pytest.raises(TypeError, match="arrays to stack must be"):
+            dstack(np.arange(3) for _ in range(2))
+
+
+# array_split has more comprehensive test of splitting.
+# only do simple test on hsplit, vsplit, and dsplit
+class TestHsplit:
+    """Only testing for integer splits.
+
+    """
+    def test_non_iterable(self):
+        assert_raises(ValueError, hsplit, 1, 1)
+
+    def test_0D_array(self):
+        a = np.array(1)
+        try:
+            hsplit(a, 2)
+            assert_(0)
+        except ValueError:
+            pass
+
+    def test_1D_array(self):
+        a = np.array([1, 2, 3, 4])
+        res = hsplit(a, 2)
+        desired = [np.array([1, 2]), np.array([3, 4])]
+        compare_results(res, desired)
+
+    def test_2D_array(self):
+        a = np.array([[1, 2, 3, 4],
+                  [1, 2, 3, 4]])
+        res = hsplit(a, 2)
+        desired = [np.array([[1, 2], [1, 2]]), np.array([[3, 4], [3, 4]])]
+        compare_results(res, desired)
+
+
+class TestVsplit:
+    """Only testing for integer splits.
+
+    """
+    def test_non_iterable(self):
+        assert_raises(ValueError, vsplit, 1, 1)
+
+    def test_0D_array(self):
+        a = np.array(1)
+        assert_raises(ValueError, vsplit, a, 2)
+
+    def test_1D_array(self):
+        a = np.array([1, 2, 3, 4])
+        try:
+            vsplit(a, 2)
+            assert_(0)
+        except ValueError:
+            pass
+
+    def test_2D_array(self):
+        a = np.array([[1, 2, 3, 4],
+                  [1, 2, 3, 4]])
+        res = vsplit(a, 2)
+        desired = [np.array([[1, 2, 3, 4]]), np.array([[1, 2, 3, 4]])]
+        compare_results(res, desired)
+
+
+class TestDsplit:
+    # Only testing for integer splits.
+    def test_non_iterable(self):
+        assert_raises(ValueError, dsplit, 1, 1)
+
+    def test_0D_array(self):
+        a = np.array(1)
+        assert_raises(ValueError, dsplit, a, 2)
+
+    def test_1D_array(self):
+        a = np.array([1, 2, 3, 4])
+        assert_raises(ValueError, dsplit, a, 2)
+
+    def test_2D_array(self):
+        a = np.array([[1, 2, 3, 4],
+                  [1, 2, 3, 4]])
+        try:
+            dsplit(a, 2)
+            assert_(0)
+        except ValueError:
+            pass
+
+    def test_3D_array(self):
+        a = np.array([[[1, 2, 3, 4],
+                   [1, 2, 3, 4]],
+                  [[1, 2, 3, 4],
+                   [1, 2, 3, 4]]])
+        res = dsplit(a, 2)
+        desired = [np.array([[[1, 2], [1, 2]], [[1, 2], [1, 2]]]),
+                   np.array([[[3, 4], [3, 4]], [[3, 4], [3, 4]]])]
+        compare_results(res, desired)
+
+
+class TestSqueeze:
+    def test_basic(self):
+        from numpy.random import rand
+
+        a = rand(20, 10, 10, 1, 1)
+        b = rand(20, 1, 10, 1, 20)
+        c = rand(1, 1, 20, 10)
+        assert_array_equal(np.squeeze(a), np.reshape(a, (20, 10, 10)))
+        assert_array_equal(np.squeeze(b), np.reshape(b, (20, 10, 20)))
+        assert_array_equal(np.squeeze(c), np.reshape(c, (20, 10)))
+
+        # Squeezing to 0-dim should still give an ndarray
+        a = [[[1.5]]]
+        res = np.squeeze(a)
+        assert_equal(res, 1.5)
+        assert_equal(res.ndim, 0)
+        assert_equal(type(res), np.ndarray)
+
+
+class TestKron:
+    def test_basic(self):
+        # Using 0-dimensional ndarray
+        a = np.array(1)
+        b = np.array([[1, 2], [3, 4]])
+        k = np.array([[1, 2], [3, 4]])
+        assert_array_equal(np.kron(a, b), k)
+        a = np.array([[1, 2], [3, 4]])
+        b = np.array(1)
+        assert_array_equal(np.kron(a, b), k)
+
+        # Using 1-dimensional ndarray
+        a = np.array([3])
+        b = np.array([[1, 2], [3, 4]])
+        k = np.array([[3, 6], [9, 12]])
+        assert_array_equal(np.kron(a, b), k)
+        a = np.array([[1, 2], [3, 4]])
+        b = np.array([3])
+        assert_array_equal(np.kron(a, b), k)
+
+        # Using 3-dimensional ndarray
+        a = np.array([[[1]], [[2]]])
+        b = np.array([[1, 2], [3, 4]])
+        k = np.array([[[1, 2], [3, 4]], [[2, 4], [6, 8]]])
+        assert_array_equal(np.kron(a, b), k)
+        a = np.array([[1, 2], [3, 4]])
+        b = np.array([[[1]], [[2]]])
+        k = np.array([[[1, 2], [3, 4]], [[2, 4], [6, 8]]])
+        assert_array_equal(np.kron(a, b), k)
+
+    def test_return_type(self):
+        class myarray(np.ndarray):
+            __array_priority__ = 1.0
+
+        a = np.ones([2, 2])
+        ma = myarray(a.shape, a.dtype, a.data)
+        assert_equal(type(kron(a, a)), np.ndarray)
+        assert_equal(type(kron(ma, ma)), myarray)
+        assert_equal(type(kron(a, ma)), myarray)
+        assert_equal(type(kron(ma, a)), myarray)
+
+    @pytest.mark.parametrize(
+        "array_class", [np.asarray, np.asmatrix]
+    )
+    def test_kron_smoke(self, array_class):
+        a = array_class(np.ones([3, 3]))
+        b = array_class(np.ones([3, 3]))
+        k = array_class(np.ones([9, 9]))
+
+        assert_array_equal(np.kron(a, b), k)
+
+    def test_kron_ma(self):
+        x = np.ma.array([[1, 2], [3, 4]], mask=[[0, 1], [1, 0]])
+        k = np.ma.array(np.diag([1, 4, 4, 16]),
+                mask=~np.array(np.identity(4), dtype=bool))
+
+        assert_array_equal(k, np.kron(x, x))
+
+    @pytest.mark.parametrize(
+        "shape_a,shape_b", [
+            ((1, 1), (1, 1)),
+            ((1, 2, 3), (4, 5, 6)),
+            ((2, 2), (2, 2, 2)),
+            ((1, 0), (1, 1)),
+            ((2, 0, 2), (2, 2)),
+            ((2, 0, 0, 2), (2, 0, 2)),
+        ])
+    def test_kron_shape(self, shape_a, shape_b):
+        a = np.ones(shape_a)
+        b = np.ones(shape_b)
+        normalised_shape_a = (1,) * max(0, len(shape_b) - len(shape_a)) + shape_a
+        normalised_shape_b = (1,) * max(0, len(shape_a) - len(shape_b)) + shape_b
+        expected_shape = np.multiply(normalised_shape_a, normalised_shape_b)
+
+        k = np.kron(a, b)
+        assert np.array_equal(
+                k.shape, expected_shape), "Unexpected shape from kron"
+
+
+class TestTile:
+    def test_basic(self):
+        a = np.array([0, 1, 2])
+        b = [[1, 2], [3, 4]]
+        assert_equal(tile(a, 2), [0, 1, 2, 0, 1, 2])
+        assert_equal(tile(a, (2, 2)), [[0, 1, 2, 0, 1, 2], [0, 1, 2, 0, 1, 2]])
+        assert_equal(tile(a, (1, 2)), [[0, 1, 2, 0, 1, 2]])
+        assert_equal(tile(b, 2), [[1, 2, 1, 2], [3, 4, 3, 4]])
+        assert_equal(tile(b, (2, 1)), [[1, 2], [3, 4], [1, 2], [3, 4]])
+        assert_equal(tile(b, (2, 2)), [[1, 2, 1, 2], [3, 4, 3, 4],
+                                       [1, 2, 1, 2], [3, 4, 3, 4]])
+
+    def test_tile_one_repetition_on_array_gh4679(self):
+        a = np.arange(5)
+        b = tile(a, 1)
+        b += 2
+        assert_equal(a, np.arange(5))
+
+    def test_empty(self):
+        a = np.array([[[]]])
+        b = np.array([[], []])
+        c = tile(b, 2).shape
+        d = tile(a, (3, 2, 5)).shape
+        assert_equal(c, (2, 0))
+        assert_equal(d, (3, 2, 0))
+
+    def test_kroncompare(self):
+        from numpy.random import randint
+
+        reps = [(2,), (1, 2), (2, 1), (2, 2), (2, 3, 2), (3, 2)]
+        shape = [(3,), (2, 3), (3, 4, 3), (3, 2, 3), (4, 3, 2, 4), (2, 2)]
+        for s in shape:
+            b = randint(0, 10, size=s)
+            for r in reps:
+                a = np.ones(r, b.dtype)
+                large = tile(b, r)
+                klarge = kron(a, b)
+                assert_equal(large, klarge)
+
+
+class TestMayShareMemory:
+    def test_basic(self):
+        d = np.ones((50, 60))
+        d2 = np.ones((30, 60, 6))
+        assert_(np.may_share_memory(d, d))
+        assert_(np.may_share_memory(d, d[::-1]))
+        assert_(np.may_share_memory(d, d[::2]))
+        assert_(np.may_share_memory(d, d[1:, ::-1]))
+
+        assert_(not np.may_share_memory(d[::-1], d2))
+        assert_(not np.may_share_memory(d[::2], d2))
+        assert_(not np.may_share_memory(d[1:, ::-1], d2))
+        assert_(np.may_share_memory(d2[1:, ::-1], d2))
+
+
+# Utility
+def compare_results(res, desired):
+    """Compare lists of arrays."""
+    for x, y in zip(res, desired, strict=False):
+        assert_array_equal(x, y)