okstra 0.107.2 → 0.109.0

package/runtime/python/okstra_vendor/networkx/algorithms/centrality/tests/test_load_centrality.py

@@ -0,0 +1,344 @@
+import pytest
+
+import networkx as nx
+
+
+class TestLoadCentrality:
+    @classmethod
+    def setup_class(cls):
+        G = nx.Graph()
+        G.add_edge(0, 1, weight=3)
+        G.add_edge(0, 2, weight=2)
+        G.add_edge(0, 3, weight=6)
+        G.add_edge(0, 4, weight=4)
+        G.add_edge(1, 3, weight=5)
+        G.add_edge(1, 5, weight=5)
+        G.add_edge(2, 4, weight=1)
+        G.add_edge(3, 4, weight=2)
+        G.add_edge(3, 5, weight=1)
+        G.add_edge(4, 5, weight=4)
+        cls.G = G
+        cls.exact_weighted = {0: 4.0, 1: 0.0, 2: 8.0, 3: 6.0, 4: 8.0, 5: 0.0}
+        cls.K = nx.krackhardt_kite_graph()
+        cls.P3 = nx.path_graph(3)
+        cls.P4 = nx.path_graph(4)
+        cls.K5 = nx.complete_graph(5)
+        cls.P2 = nx.path_graph(2)
+
+        cls.C4 = nx.cycle_graph(4)
+        cls.T = nx.balanced_tree(r=2, h=2)
+        cls.Gb = nx.Graph()
+        cls.Gb.add_edges_from([(0, 1), (0, 2), (1, 3), (2, 3), (2, 4), (4, 5), (3, 5)])
+        cls.F = nx.florentine_families_graph()
+        cls.LM = nx.les_miserables_graph()
+        cls.D = nx.cycle_graph(3, create_using=nx.DiGraph())
+        cls.D.add_edges_from([(3, 0), (4, 3)])
+
+    def test_not_strongly_connected(self):
+        b = nx.load_centrality(self.D)
+        result = {0: 5.0 / 12, 1: 1.0 / 4, 2: 1.0 / 12, 3: 1.0 / 4, 4: 0.000}
+        for n in sorted(self.D):
+            assert result[n] == pytest.approx(b[n], abs=1e-3)
+            assert result[n] == pytest.approx(nx.load_centrality(self.D, n), abs=1e-3)
+
+    def test_P2_normalized_load(self):
+        G = self.P2
+        c = nx.load_centrality(G, normalized=True)
+        d = {0: 0.000, 1: 0.000}
+        for n in sorted(G):
+            assert c[n] == pytest.approx(d[n], abs=1e-3)
+
+    def test_weighted_load(self):
+        b = nx.load_centrality(self.G, weight="weight", normalized=False)
+        for n in sorted(self.G):
+            assert b[n] == self.exact_weighted[n]
+
+    def test_k5_load(self):
+        G = self.K5
+        c = nx.load_centrality(G)
+        d = {0: 0.000, 1: 0.000, 2: 0.000, 3: 0.000, 4: 0.000}
+        for n in sorted(G):
+            assert c[n] == pytest.approx(d[n], abs=1e-3)
+
+    def test_p3_load(self):
+        G = self.P3
+        c = nx.load_centrality(G)
+        d = {0: 0.000, 1: 1.000, 2: 0.000}
+        for n in sorted(G):
+            assert c[n] == pytest.approx(d[n], abs=1e-3)
+        c = nx.load_centrality(G, v=1)
+        assert c == pytest.approx(1.0, abs=1e-7)
+        c = nx.load_centrality(G, v=1, normalized=True)
+        assert c == pytest.approx(1.0, abs=1e-7)
+
+    def test_p2_load(self):
+        G = nx.path_graph(2)
+        c = nx.load_centrality(G)
+        d = {0: 0.000, 1: 0.000}
+        for n in sorted(G):
+            assert c[n] == pytest.approx(d[n], abs=1e-3)
+
+    def test_krackhardt_load(self):
+        G = self.K
+        c = nx.load_centrality(G)
+        d = {
+            0: 0.023,
+            1: 0.023,
+            2: 0.000,
+            3: 0.102,
+            4: 0.000,
+            5: 0.231,
+            6: 0.231,
+            7: 0.389,
+            8: 0.222,
+            9: 0.000,
+        }
+        for n in sorted(G):
+            assert c[n] == pytest.approx(d[n], abs=1e-3)
+
+    def test_florentine_families_load(self):
+        G = self.F
+        c = nx.load_centrality(G)
+        d = {
+            "Acciaiuoli": 0.000,
+            "Albizzi": 0.211,
+            "Barbadori": 0.093,
+            "Bischeri": 0.104,
+            "Castellani": 0.055,
+            "Ginori": 0.000,
+            "Guadagni": 0.251,
+            "Lamberteschi": 0.000,
+            "Medici": 0.522,
+            "Pazzi": 0.000,
+            "Peruzzi": 0.022,
+            "Ridolfi": 0.117,
+            "Salviati": 0.143,
+            "Strozzi": 0.106,
+            "Tornabuoni": 0.090,
+        }
+        for n in sorted(G):
+            assert c[n] == pytest.approx(d[n], abs=1e-3)
+
+    def test_les_miserables_load(self):
+        G = self.LM
+        c = nx.load_centrality(G)
+        d = {
+            "Napoleon": 0.000,
+            "Myriel": 0.177,
+            "MlleBaptistine": 0.000,
+            "MmeMagloire": 0.000,
+            "CountessDeLo": 0.000,
+            "Geborand": 0.000,
+            "Champtercier": 0.000,
+            "Cravatte": 0.000,
+            "Count": 0.000,
+            "OldMan": 0.000,
+            "Valjean": 0.567,
+            "Labarre": 0.000,
+            "Marguerite": 0.000,
+            "MmeDeR": 0.000,
+            "Isabeau": 0.000,
+            "Gervais": 0.000,
+            "Listolier": 0.000,
+            "Tholomyes": 0.043,
+            "Fameuil": 0.000,
+            "Blacheville": 0.000,
+            "Favourite": 0.000,
+            "Dahlia": 0.000,
+            "Zephine": 0.000,
+            "Fantine": 0.128,
+            "MmeThenardier": 0.029,
+            "Thenardier": 0.075,
+            "Cosette": 0.024,
+            "Javert": 0.054,
+            "Fauchelevent": 0.026,
+            "Bamatabois": 0.008,
+            "Perpetue": 0.000,
+            "Simplice": 0.009,
+            "Scaufflaire": 0.000,
+            "Woman1": 0.000,
+            "Judge": 0.000,
+            "Champmathieu": 0.000,
+            "Brevet": 0.000,
+            "Chenildieu": 0.000,
+            "Cochepaille": 0.000,
+            "Pontmercy": 0.007,
+            "Boulatruelle": 0.000,
+            "Eponine": 0.012,
+            "Anzelma": 0.000,
+            "Woman2": 0.000,
+            "MotherInnocent": 0.000,
+            "Gribier": 0.000,
+            "MmeBurgon": 0.026,
+            "Jondrette": 0.000,
+            "Gavroche": 0.164,
+            "Gillenormand": 0.021,
+            "Magnon": 0.000,
+            "MlleGillenormand": 0.047,
+            "MmePontmercy": 0.000,
+            "MlleVaubois": 0.000,
+            "LtGillenormand": 0.000,
+            "Marius": 0.133,
+            "BaronessT": 0.000,
+            "Mabeuf": 0.028,
+            "Enjolras": 0.041,
+            "Combeferre": 0.001,
+            "Prouvaire": 0.000,
+            "Feuilly": 0.001,
+            "Courfeyrac": 0.006,
+            "Bahorel": 0.002,
+            "Bossuet": 0.032,
+            "Joly": 0.002,
+            "Grantaire": 0.000,
+            "MotherPlutarch": 0.000,
+            "Gueulemer": 0.005,
+            "Babet": 0.005,
+            "Claquesous": 0.005,
+            "Montparnasse": 0.004,
+            "Toussaint": 0.000,
+            "Child1": 0.000,
+            "Child2": 0.000,
+            "Brujon": 0.000,
+            "MmeHucheloup": 0.000,
+        }
+        for n in sorted(G):
+            assert c[n] == pytest.approx(d[n], abs=1e-3)
+
+    def test_unnormalized_k5_load(self):
+        G = self.K5
+        c = nx.load_centrality(G, normalized=False)
+        d = {0: 0.000, 1: 0.000, 2: 0.000, 3: 0.000, 4: 0.000}
+        for n in sorted(G):
+            assert c[n] == pytest.approx(d[n], abs=1e-3)
+
+    def test_unnormalized_p3_load(self):
+        G = self.P3
+        c = nx.load_centrality(G, normalized=False)
+        d = {0: 0.000, 1: 2.000, 2: 0.000}
+        for n in sorted(G):
+            assert c[n] == pytest.approx(d[n], abs=1e-3)
+
+    def test_unnormalized_krackhardt_load(self):
+        G = self.K
+        c = nx.load_centrality(G, normalized=False)
+        d = {
+            0: 1.667,
+            1: 1.667,
+            2: 0.000,
+            3: 7.333,
+            4: 0.000,
+            5: 16.667,
+            6: 16.667,
+            7: 28.000,
+            8: 16.000,
+            9: 0.000,
+        }
+
+        for n in sorted(G):
+            assert c[n] == pytest.approx(d[n], abs=1e-3)
+
+    def test_unnormalized_florentine_families_load(self):
+        G = self.F
+        c = nx.load_centrality(G, normalized=False)
+
+        d = {
+            "Acciaiuoli": 0.000,
+            "Albizzi": 38.333,
+            "Barbadori": 17.000,
+            "Bischeri": 19.000,
+            "Castellani": 10.000,
+            "Ginori": 0.000,
+            "Guadagni": 45.667,
+            "Lamberteschi": 0.000,
+            "Medici": 95.000,
+            "Pazzi": 0.000,
+            "Peruzzi": 4.000,
+            "Ridolfi": 21.333,
+            "Salviati": 26.000,
+            "Strozzi": 19.333,
+            "Tornabuoni": 16.333,
+        }
+        for n in sorted(G):
+            assert c[n] == pytest.approx(d[n], abs=1e-3)
+
+    def test_load_betweenness_difference(self):
+        # Difference Between Load and Betweenness
+        # --------------------------------------- The smallest graph
+        # that shows the difference between load and betweenness is
+        # G=ladder_graph(3) (Graph B below)
+
+        # Graph A and B are from Tao Zhou, Jian-Guo Liu, Bing-Hong
+        # Wang: Comment on "Scientific collaboration
+        # networks. II. Shortest paths, weighted networks, and
+        # centrality". https://arxiv.org/pdf/physics/0511084
+
+        # Notice that unlike here, their calculation adds to 1 to the
+        # betweenness of every node i for every path from i to every
+        # other node.  This is exactly what it should be, based on
+        # Eqn. (1) in their paper: the eqn is B(v) = \sum_{s\neq t,
+        # s\neq v}{\frac{\sigma_{st}(v)}{\sigma_{st}}}, therefore,
+        # they allow v to be the target node.
+
+        # We follow Brandes 2001, who follows Freeman 1977 that make
+        # the sum for betweenness of v exclude paths where v is either
+        # the source or target node.  To agree with their numbers, we
+        # must additionally, remove edge (4,8) from the graph, see AC
+        # example following (there is a mistake in the figure in their
+        # paper - personal communication).
+
+        # A = nx.Graph()
+        # A.add_edges_from([(0,1), (1,2), (1,3), (2,4),
+        #                  (3,5), (4,6), (4,7), (4,8),
+        #                  (5,8), (6,9), (7,9), (8,9)])
+        B = nx.Graph()  # ladder_graph(3)
+        B.add_edges_from([(0, 1), (0, 2), (1, 3), (2, 3), (2, 4), (4, 5), (3, 5)])
+        c = nx.load_centrality(B, normalized=False)
+        d = {0: 1.750, 1: 1.750, 2: 6.500, 3: 6.500, 4: 1.750, 5: 1.750}
+        for n in sorted(B):
+            assert c[n] == pytest.approx(d[n], abs=1e-3)
+
+    def test_c4_edge_load(self):
+        G = self.C4
+        c = nx.edge_load_centrality(G)
+        d = {(0, 1): 6.000, (0, 3): 6.000, (1, 2): 6.000, (2, 3): 6.000}
+        for n in G.edges():
+            assert c[n] == pytest.approx(d[n], abs=1e-3)
+
+    def test_p4_edge_load(self):
+        G = self.P4
+        c = nx.edge_load_centrality(G)
+        d = {(0, 1): 6.000, (1, 2): 8.000, (2, 3): 6.000}
+        for n in G.edges():
+            assert c[n] == pytest.approx(d[n], abs=1e-3)
+
+    def test_k5_edge_load(self):
+        G = self.K5
+        c = nx.edge_load_centrality(G)
+        d = {
+            (0, 1): 5.000,
+            (0, 2): 5.000,
+            (0, 3): 5.000,
+            (0, 4): 5.000,
+            (1, 2): 5.000,
+            (1, 3): 5.000,
+            (1, 4): 5.000,
+            (2, 3): 5.000,
+            (2, 4): 5.000,
+            (3, 4): 5.000,
+        }
+        for n in G.edges():
+            assert c[n] == pytest.approx(d[n], abs=1e-3)
+
+    def test_tree_edge_load(self):
+        G = self.T
+        c = nx.edge_load_centrality(G)
+        d = {
+            (0, 1): 24.000,
+            (0, 2): 24.000,
+            (1, 3): 12.000,
+            (1, 4): 12.000,
+            (2, 5): 12.000,
+            (2, 6): 12.000,
+        }
+        for n in G.edges():
+            assert c[n] == pytest.approx(d[n], abs=1e-3)

package/runtime/python/okstra_vendor/networkx/algorithms/centrality/tests/test_percolation_centrality.py

@@ -0,0 +1,87 @@
+import pytest
+
+import networkx as nx
+
+
+def example1a_G():
+    G = nx.Graph()
+    G.add_node(1, percolation=0.1)
+    G.add_node(2, percolation=0.2)
+    G.add_node(3, percolation=0.2)
+    G.add_node(4, percolation=0.2)
+    G.add_node(5, percolation=0.3)
+    G.add_node(6, percolation=0.2)
+    G.add_node(7, percolation=0.5)
+    G.add_node(8, percolation=0.5)
+    G.add_edges_from([(1, 4), (2, 4), (3, 4), (4, 5), (5, 6), (6, 7), (6, 8)])
+    return G
+
+
+def example1b_G():
+    G = nx.Graph()
+    G.add_node(1, percolation=0.3)
+    G.add_node(2, percolation=0.5)
+    G.add_node(3, percolation=0.5)
+    G.add_node(4, percolation=0.2)
+    G.add_node(5, percolation=0.3)
+    G.add_node(6, percolation=0.2)
+    G.add_node(7, percolation=0.1)
+    G.add_node(8, percolation=0.1)
+    G.add_edges_from([(1, 4), (2, 4), (3, 4), (4, 5), (5, 6), (6, 7), (6, 8)])
+    return G
+
+
+def test_percolation_example1a():
+    """percolation centrality: example 1a"""
+    G = example1a_G()
+    p = nx.percolation_centrality(G)
+    p_answer = {4: 0.625, 6: 0.667}
+    for n, k in p_answer.items():
+        assert p[n] == pytest.approx(k, abs=1e-3)
+
+
+def test_percolation_example1b():
+    """percolation centrality: example 1a"""
+    G = example1b_G()
+    p = nx.percolation_centrality(G)
+    p_answer = {4: 0.825, 6: 0.4}
+    for n, k in p_answer.items():
+        assert p[n] == pytest.approx(k, abs=1e-3)
+
+
+def test_converge_to_betweenness():
+    """percolation centrality: should converge to betweenness
+    centrality when all nodes are percolated the same"""
+    # taken from betweenness test test_florentine_families_graph
+    G = nx.florentine_families_graph()
+    b_answer = {
+        "Acciaiuoli": 0.000,
+        "Albizzi": 0.212,
+        "Barbadori": 0.093,
+        "Bischeri": 0.104,
+        "Castellani": 0.055,
+        "Ginori": 0.000,
+        "Guadagni": 0.255,
+        "Lamberteschi": 0.000,
+        "Medici": 0.522,
+        "Pazzi": 0.000,
+        "Peruzzi": 0.022,
+        "Ridolfi": 0.114,
+        "Salviati": 0.143,
+        "Strozzi": 0.103,
+        "Tornabuoni": 0.092,
+    }
+
+    # If no initial state is provided, state for
+    # every node defaults to 1
+    p_answer = nx.percolation_centrality(G)
+    assert p_answer == pytest.approx(b_answer, abs=1e-3)
+
+    p_states = {k: 0.3 for k, v in b_answer.items()}
+    p_answer = nx.percolation_centrality(G, states=p_states)
+    assert p_answer == pytest.approx(b_answer, abs=1e-3)
+
+
+def test_default_percolation():
+    G = nx.erdos_renyi_graph(42, 0.42, seed=42)
+    assert nx.percolation_centrality(G) == pytest.approx(nx.betweenness_centrality(G))

package/runtime/python/okstra_vendor/networkx/algorithms/centrality/tests/test_reaching.py

@@ -0,0 +1,140 @@
+"""Unit tests for the :mod:`networkx.algorithms.centrality.reaching` module."""
+
+import pytest
+
+import networkx as nx
+
+
+class TestGlobalReachingCentrality:
+    """Unit tests for the global reaching centrality function."""
+
+    def test_non_positive_weights(self):
+        with pytest.raises(nx.NetworkXError):
+            G = nx.DiGraph()
+            nx.global_reaching_centrality(G, weight="weight")
+
+    def test_negatively_weighted(self):
+        with pytest.raises(nx.NetworkXError):
+            G = nx.Graph()
+            G.add_weighted_edges_from([(0, 1, -2), (1, 2, +1)])
+            nx.global_reaching_centrality(G, weight="weight")
+
+    def test_directed_star(self):
+        G = nx.DiGraph()
+        G.add_weighted_edges_from([(1, 2, 0.5), (1, 3, 0.5)])
+        grc = nx.global_reaching_centrality
+        assert grc(G, normalized=False, weight="weight") == 0.5
+        assert grc(G) == 1
+
+    def test_undirected_unweighted_star(self):
+        G = nx.star_graph(2)
+        grc = nx.global_reaching_centrality
+        assert grc(G, normalized=False, weight=None) == 0.25
+
+    def test_undirected_weighted_star(self):
+        G = nx.Graph()
+        G.add_weighted_edges_from([(1, 2, 1), (1, 3, 2)])
+        grc = nx.global_reaching_centrality
+        assert grc(G, normalized=False, weight="weight") == 0.375
+
+    def test_cycle_directed_unweighted(self):
+        G = nx.DiGraph()
+        G.add_edge(1, 2)
+        G.add_edge(2, 1)
+        assert nx.global_reaching_centrality(G, weight=None) == 0
+
+    def test_cycle_undirected_unweighted(self):
+        G = nx.Graph()
+        G.add_edge(1, 2)
+        assert nx.global_reaching_centrality(G, weight=None) == 0
+
+    def test_cycle_directed_weighted(self):
+        G = nx.DiGraph()
+        G.add_weighted_edges_from([(1, 2, 1), (2, 1, 1)])
+        assert nx.global_reaching_centrality(G) == 0
+
+    def test_cycle_undirected_weighted(self):
+        G = nx.Graph()
+        G.add_edge(1, 2, weight=1)
+        grc = nx.global_reaching_centrality
+        assert grc(G, normalized=False) == 0
+
+    def test_directed_weighted(self):
+        G = nx.DiGraph()
+        G.add_edge("A", "B", weight=5)
+        G.add_edge("B", "C", weight=1)
+        G.add_edge("B", "D", weight=0.25)
+        G.add_edge("D", "E", weight=1)
+
+        denom = len(G) - 1
+        A_local = sum([5, 3, 2.625, 2.0833333333333]) / denom
+        B_local = sum([1, 0.25, 0.625]) / denom
+        C_local = 0
+        D_local = sum([1]) / denom
+        E_local = 0
+
+        local_reach_ctrs = [A_local, C_local, B_local, D_local, E_local]
+        max_local = max(local_reach_ctrs)
+        expected = sum(max_local - lrc for lrc in local_reach_ctrs) / denom
+        grc = nx.global_reaching_centrality
+        actual = grc(G, normalized=False, weight="weight")
+        assert expected == pytest.approx(actual, abs=1e-7)
+
+    def test_single_node_with_cycle(self):
+        G = nx.DiGraph([(1, 1)])
+        with pytest.raises(nx.NetworkXError, match="local_reaching_centrality"):
+            nx.global_reaching_centrality(G)
+
+    def test_single_node_with_weighted_cycle(self):
+        G = nx.DiGraph()
+        G.add_weighted_edges_from([(1, 1, 2)])
+        with pytest.raises(nx.NetworkXError, match="local_reaching_centrality"):
+            nx.global_reaching_centrality(G, weight="weight")
+
+
+class TestLocalReachingCentrality:
+    """Unit tests for the local reaching centrality function."""
+
+    def test_non_positive_weights(self):
+        with pytest.raises(nx.NetworkXError):
+            G = nx.DiGraph()
+            G.add_weighted_edges_from([(0, 1, 0)])
+            nx.local_reaching_centrality(G, 0, weight="weight")
+
+    def test_negatively_weighted(self):
+        with pytest.raises(nx.NetworkXError):
+            G = nx.Graph()
+            G.add_weighted_edges_from([(0, 1, -2), (1, 2, +1)])
+            nx.local_reaching_centrality(G, 0, weight="weight")
+
+    def test_undirected_unweighted_star(self):
+        G = nx.star_graph(2)
+        grc = nx.local_reaching_centrality
+        assert grc(G, 1, weight=None, normalized=False) == 0.75
+
+    def test_undirected_weighted_star(self):
+        G = nx.Graph()
+        G.add_weighted_edges_from([(1, 2, 1), (1, 3, 2)])
+        centrality = nx.local_reaching_centrality(
+            G, 1, normalized=False, weight="weight"
+        )
+        assert centrality == 1.5
+
+    def test_undirected_weighted_normalized(self):
+        G = nx.Graph()
+        G.add_weighted_edges_from([(1, 2, 1), (1, 3, 2)])
+        centrality = nx.local_reaching_centrality(
+            G, 1, normalized=True, weight="weight"
+        )
+        assert centrality == 1.0
+
+    def test_single_node_with_cycle(self):
+        G = nx.DiGraph([(1, 1)])
+        with pytest.raises(nx.NetworkXError, match="local_reaching_centrality"):
+            nx.local_reaching_centrality(G, 1)
+
+    def test_single_node_with_weighted_cycle(self):
+        G = nx.DiGraph()
+        G.add_weighted_edges_from([(1, 1, 2)])
+        with pytest.raises(nx.NetworkXError, match="local_reaching_centrality"):
+            nx.local_reaching_centrality(G, 1, weight="weight")

package/runtime/python/okstra_vendor/networkx/algorithms/centrality/tests/test_second_order_centrality.py

@@ -0,0 +1,82 @@
+"""
+Tests for second order centrality.
+"""
+
+import pytest
+
+pytest.importorskip("numpy")
+pytest.importorskip("scipy")
+
+import networkx as nx
+
+
+def test_empty():
+    with pytest.raises(nx.NetworkXException):
+        G = nx.empty_graph()
+        nx.second_order_centrality(G)
+
+
+def test_non_connected():
+    with pytest.raises(nx.NetworkXException):
+        G = nx.Graph()
+        G.add_node(0)
+        G.add_node(1)
+        nx.second_order_centrality(G)
+
+
+def test_non_negative_edge_weights():
+    with pytest.raises(nx.NetworkXException):
+        G = nx.path_graph(2)
+        G.add_edge(0, 1, weight=-1)
+        nx.second_order_centrality(G)
+
+
+def test_weight_attribute():
+    G = nx.Graph()
+    G.add_weighted_edges_from([(0, 1, 1.0), (1, 2, 3.5)], weight="w")
+    expected = {0: 3.431, 1: 3.082, 2: 5.612}
+    b = nx.second_order_centrality(G, weight="w")
+
+    for n in sorted(G):
+        assert b[n] == pytest.approx(expected[n], abs=1e-2)
+
+
+def test_one_node_graph():
+    """Second order centrality: single node"""
+    G = nx.Graph()
+    G.add_node(0)
+    G.add_edge(0, 0)
+    assert nx.second_order_centrality(G)[0] == 0
+
+
+def test_P3():
+    """Second order centrality: line graph, as defined in paper"""
+    G = nx.path_graph(3)
+    b_answer = {0: 3.741, 1: 1.414, 2: 3.741}
+
+    b = nx.second_order_centrality(G)
+
+    for n in sorted(G):
+        assert b[n] == pytest.approx(b_answer[n], abs=1e-2)
+
+
+def test_K3():
+    """Second order centrality: complete graph, as defined in paper"""
+    G = nx.complete_graph(3)
+    b_answer = {0: 1.414, 1: 1.414, 2: 1.414}
+
+    b = nx.second_order_centrality(G)
+
+    for n in sorted(G):
+        assert b[n] == pytest.approx(b_answer[n], abs=1e-2)
+
+
+def test_ring_graph():
+    """Second order centrality: ring graph, as defined in paper"""
+    G = nx.cycle_graph(5)
+    b_answer = {0: 4.472, 1: 4.472, 2: 4.472, 3: 4.472, 4: 4.472}
+
+    b = nx.second_order_centrality(G)
+
+    for n in sorted(G):
+        assert b[n] == pytest.approx(b_answer[n], abs=1e-2)