com.googler.python 1.1.2 → 1.1.4

package/python3.6.2/lib/python3.6/tarfile.py

@@ -1,2547 +0,0 @@
-#!/usr/bin/env python3
-#-------------------------------------------------------------------
-# tarfile.py
-#-------------------------------------------------------------------
-# Copyright (C) 2002 Lars Gustaebel <lars@gustaebel.de>
-# All rights reserved.
-#
-# Permission  is  hereby granted,  free  of charge,  to  any person
-# obtaining a  copy of  this software  and associated documentation
-# files  (the  "Software"),  to   deal  in  the  Software   without
-# restriction,  including  without limitation  the  rights to  use,
-# copy, modify, merge, publish, distribute, sublicense, and/or sell
-# copies  of  the  Software,  and to  permit  persons  to  whom the
-# Software  is  furnished  to  do  so,  subject  to  the  following
-# conditions:
-#
-# The above copyright  notice and this  permission notice shall  be
-# included in all copies or substantial portions of the Software.
-#
-# THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS  IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY  KIND,
-# EXPRESS OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING  BUT NOT LIMITED TO  THE WARRANTIES
-# OF  MERCHANTABILITY,  FITNESS   FOR  A  PARTICULAR   PURPOSE  AND
-# NONINFRINGEMENT.  IN  NO  EVENT SHALL  THE  AUTHORS  OR COPYRIGHT
-# HOLDERS  BE LIABLE  FOR ANY  CLAIM, DAMAGES  OR OTHER  LIABILITY,
-# WHETHER  IN AN  ACTION OF  CONTRACT, TORT  OR OTHERWISE,  ARISING
-# FROM, OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR
-# OTHER DEALINGS IN THE SOFTWARE.
-#
-"""Read from and write to tar format archives.
-"""
-
-version     = "0.9.0"
-__author__  = "Lars Gust\u00e4bel (lars@gustaebel.de)"
-__date__    = "$Date: 2011-02-25 17:42:01 +0200 (Fri, 25 Feb 2011) $"
-__cvsid__   = "$Id: tarfile.py 88586 2011-02-25 15:42:01Z marc-andre.lemburg $"
-__credits__ = "Gustavo Niemeyer, Niels Gust\u00e4bel, Richard Townsend."
-
-#---------
-# Imports
-#---------
-from builtins import open as bltn_open
-import sys
-import os
-import io
-import shutil
-import stat
-import time
-import struct
-import copy
-import re
-
-try:
-    import pwd
-except ImportError:
-    pwd = None
-try:
-    import grp
-except ImportError:
-    grp = None
-
-# os.symlink on Windows prior to 6.0 raises NotImplementedError
-symlink_exception = (AttributeError, NotImplementedError)
-try:
-    # OSError (winerror=1314) will be raised if the caller does not hold the
-    # SeCreateSymbolicLinkPrivilege privilege
-    symlink_exception += (OSError,)
-except NameError:
-    pass
-
-# from tarfile import *
-__all__ = ["TarFile", "TarInfo", "is_tarfile", "TarError", "ReadError",
-           "CompressionError", "StreamError", "ExtractError", "HeaderError",
-           "ENCODING", "USTAR_FORMAT", "GNU_FORMAT", "PAX_FORMAT",
-           "DEFAULT_FORMAT", "open"]
-
-#---------------------------------------------------------
-# tar constants
-#---------------------------------------------------------
-NUL = b"\0"                     # the null character
-BLOCKSIZE = 512                 # length of processing blocks
-RECORDSIZE = BLOCKSIZE * 20     # length of records
-GNU_MAGIC = b"ustar  \0"        # magic gnu tar string
-POSIX_MAGIC = b"ustar\x0000"    # magic posix tar string
-
-LENGTH_NAME = 100               # maximum length of a filename
-LENGTH_LINK = 100               # maximum length of a linkname
-LENGTH_PREFIX = 155             # maximum length of the prefix field
-
-REGTYPE = b"0"                  # regular file
-AREGTYPE = b"\0"                # regular file
-LNKTYPE = b"1"                  # link (inside tarfile)
-SYMTYPE = b"2"                  # symbolic link
-CHRTYPE = b"3"                  # character special device
-BLKTYPE = b"4"                  # block special device
-DIRTYPE = b"5"                  # directory
-FIFOTYPE = b"6"                 # fifo special device
-CONTTYPE = b"7"                 # contiguous file
-
-GNUTYPE_LONGNAME = b"L"         # GNU tar longname
-GNUTYPE_LONGLINK = b"K"         # GNU tar longlink
-GNUTYPE_SPARSE = b"S"           # GNU tar sparse file
-
-XHDTYPE = b"x"                  # POSIX.1-2001 extended header
-XGLTYPE = b"g"                  # POSIX.1-2001 global header
-SOLARIS_XHDTYPE = b"X"          # Solaris extended header
-
-USTAR_FORMAT = 0                # POSIX.1-1988 (ustar) format
-GNU_FORMAT = 1                  # GNU tar format
-PAX_FORMAT = 2                  # POSIX.1-2001 (pax) format
-DEFAULT_FORMAT = GNU_FORMAT
-
-#---------------------------------------------------------
-# tarfile constants
-#---------------------------------------------------------
-# File types that tarfile supports:
-SUPPORTED_TYPES = (REGTYPE, AREGTYPE, LNKTYPE,
-                   SYMTYPE, DIRTYPE, FIFOTYPE,
-                   CONTTYPE, CHRTYPE, BLKTYPE,
-                   GNUTYPE_LONGNAME, GNUTYPE_LONGLINK,
-                   GNUTYPE_SPARSE)
-
-# File types that will be treated as a regular file.
-REGULAR_TYPES = (REGTYPE, AREGTYPE,
-                 CONTTYPE, GNUTYPE_SPARSE)
-
-# File types that are part of the GNU tar format.
-GNU_TYPES = (GNUTYPE_LONGNAME, GNUTYPE_LONGLINK,
-             GNUTYPE_SPARSE)
-
-# Fields from a pax header that override a TarInfo attribute.
-PAX_FIELDS = ("path", "linkpath", "size", "mtime",
-              "uid", "gid", "uname", "gname")
-
-# Fields from a pax header that are affected by hdrcharset.
-PAX_NAME_FIELDS = {"path", "linkpath", "uname", "gname"}
-
-# Fields in a pax header that are numbers, all other fields
-# are treated as strings.
-PAX_NUMBER_FIELDS = {
-    "atime": float,
-    "ctime": float,
-    "mtime": float,
-    "uid": int,
-    "gid": int,
-    "size": int
-}
-
-#---------------------------------------------------------
-# initialization
-#---------------------------------------------------------
-if os.name == "nt":
-    ENCODING = "utf-8"
-else:
-    ENCODING = sys.getfilesystemencoding()
-
-#---------------------------------------------------------
-# Some useful functions
-#---------------------------------------------------------
-
-def stn(s, length, encoding, errors):
-    """Convert a string to a null-terminated bytes object.
-    """
-    s = s.encode(encoding, errors)
-    return s[:length] + (length - len(s)) * NUL
-
-def nts(s, encoding, errors):
-    """Convert a null-terminated bytes object to a string.
-    """
-    p = s.find(b"\0")
-    if p != -1:
-        s = s[:p]
-    return s.decode(encoding, errors)
-
-def nti(s):
-    """Convert a number field to a python number.
-    """
-    # There are two possible encodings for a number field, see
-    # itn() below.
-    if s[0] in (0o200, 0o377):
-        n = 0
-        for i in range(len(s) - 1):
-            n <<= 8
-            n += s[i + 1]
-        if s[0] == 0o377:
-            n = -(256 ** (len(s) - 1) - n)
-    else:
-        try:
-            s = nts(s, "ascii", "strict")
-            n = int(s.strip() or "0", 8)
-        except ValueError:
-            raise InvalidHeaderError("invalid header")
-    return n
-
-def itn(n, digits=8, format=DEFAULT_FORMAT):
-    """Convert a python number to a number field.
-    """
-    # POSIX 1003.1-1988 requires numbers to be encoded as a string of
-    # octal digits followed by a null-byte, this allows values up to
-    # (8**(digits-1))-1. GNU tar allows storing numbers greater than
-    # that if necessary. A leading 0o200 or 0o377 byte indicate this
-    # particular encoding, the following digits-1 bytes are a big-endian
-    # base-256 representation. This allows values up to (256**(digits-1))-1.
-    # A 0o200 byte indicates a positive number, a 0o377 byte a negative
-    # number.
-    if 0 <= n < 8 ** (digits - 1):
-        s = bytes("%0*o" % (digits - 1, int(n)), "ascii") + NUL
-    elif format == GNU_FORMAT and -256 ** (digits - 1) <= n < 256 ** (digits - 1):
-        if n >= 0:
-            s = bytearray([0o200])
-        else:
-            s = bytearray([0o377])
-            n = 256 ** digits + n
-
-        for i in range(digits - 1):
-            s.insert(1, n & 0o377)
-            n >>= 8
-    else:
-        raise ValueError("overflow in number field")
-
-    return s
-
-def calc_chksums(buf):
-    """Calculate the checksum for a member's header by summing up all
-       characters except for the chksum field which is treated as if
-       it was filled with spaces. According to the GNU tar sources,
-       some tars (Sun and NeXT) calculate chksum with signed char,
-       which will be different if there are chars in the buffer with
-       the high bit set. So we calculate two checksums, unsigned and
-       signed.
-    """
-    unsigned_chksum = 256 + sum(struct.unpack_from("148B8x356B", buf))
-    signed_chksum = 256 + sum(struct.unpack_from("148b8x356b", buf))
-    return unsigned_chksum, signed_chksum
-
-def copyfileobj(src, dst, length=None, exception=OSError, bufsize=None):
-    """Copy length bytes from fileobj src to fileobj dst.
-       If length is None, copy the entire content.
-    """
-    bufsize = bufsize or 16 * 1024
-    if length == 0:
-        return
-    if length is None:
-        shutil.copyfileobj(src, dst, bufsize)
-        return
-
-    blocks, remainder = divmod(length, bufsize)
-    for b in range(blocks):
-        buf = src.read(bufsize)
-        if len(buf) < bufsize:
-            raise exception("unexpected end of data")
-        dst.write(buf)
-
-    if remainder != 0:
-        buf = src.read(remainder)
-        if len(buf) < remainder:
-            raise exception("unexpected end of data")
-        dst.write(buf)
-    return
-
-def filemode(mode):
-    """Deprecated in this location; use stat.filemode."""
-    import warnings
-    warnings.warn("deprecated in favor of stat.filemode",
-                  DeprecationWarning, 2)
-    return stat.filemode(mode)
-
-def _safe_print(s):
-    encoding = getattr(sys.stdout, 'encoding', None)
-    if encoding is not None:
-        s = s.encode(encoding, 'backslashreplace').decode(encoding)
-    print(s, end=' ')
-
-
-class TarError(Exception):
-    """Base exception."""
-    pass
-class ExtractError(TarError):
-    """General exception for extract errors."""
-    pass
-class ReadError(TarError):
-    """Exception for unreadable tar archives."""
-    pass
-class CompressionError(TarError):
-    """Exception for unavailable compression methods."""
-    pass
-class StreamError(TarError):
-    """Exception for unsupported operations on stream-like TarFiles."""
-    pass
-class HeaderError(TarError):
-    """Base exception for header errors."""
-    pass
-class EmptyHeaderError(HeaderError):
-    """Exception for empty headers."""
-    pass
-class TruncatedHeaderError(HeaderError):
-    """Exception for truncated headers."""
-    pass
-class EOFHeaderError(HeaderError):
-    """Exception for end of file headers."""
-    pass
-class InvalidHeaderError(HeaderError):
-    """Exception for invalid headers."""
-    pass
-class SubsequentHeaderError(HeaderError):
-    """Exception for missing and invalid extended headers."""
-    pass
-
-#---------------------------
-# internal stream interface
-#---------------------------
-class _LowLevelFile:
-    """Low-level file object. Supports reading and writing.
-       It is used instead of a regular file object for streaming
-       access.
-    """
-
-    def __init__(self, name, mode):
-        mode = {
-            "r": os.O_RDONLY,
-            "w": os.O_WRONLY | os.O_CREAT | os.O_TRUNC,
-        }[mode]
-        if hasattr(os, "O_BINARY"):
-            mode |= os.O_BINARY
-        self.fd = os.open(name, mode, 0o666)
-
-    def close(self):
-        os.close(self.fd)
-
-    def read(self, size):
-        return os.read(self.fd, size)
-
-    def write(self, s):
-        os.write(self.fd, s)
-
-class _Stream:
-    """Class that serves as an adapter between TarFile and
-       a stream-like object.  The stream-like object only
-       needs to have a read() or write() method and is accessed
-       blockwise.  Use of gzip or bzip2 compression is possible.
-       A stream-like object could be for example: sys.stdin,
-       sys.stdout, a socket, a tape device etc.
-
-       _Stream is intended to be used only internally.
-    """
-
-    def __init__(self, name, mode, comptype, fileobj, bufsize):
-        """Construct a _Stream object.
-        """
-        self._extfileobj = True
-        if fileobj is None:
-            fileobj = _LowLevelFile(name, mode)
-            self._extfileobj = False
-
-        if comptype == '*':
-            # Enable transparent compression detection for the
-            # stream interface
-            fileobj = _StreamProxy(fileobj)
-            comptype = fileobj.getcomptype()
-
-        self.name     = name or ""
-        self.mode     = mode
-        self.comptype = comptype
-        self.fileobj  = fileobj
-        self.bufsize  = bufsize
-        self.buf      = b""
-        self.pos      = 0
-        self.closed   = False
-
-        try:
-            if comptype == "gz":
-                try:
-                    import zlib
-                except ImportError:
-                    raise CompressionError("zlib module is not available")
-                self.zlib = zlib
-                self.crc = zlib.crc32(b"")
-                if mode == "r":
-                    self._init_read_gz()
-                    self.exception = zlib.error
-                else:
-                    self._init_write_gz()
-
-            elif comptype == "bz2":
-                try:
-                    import bz2
-                except ImportError:
-                    raise CompressionError("bz2 module is not available")
-                if mode == "r":
-                    self.dbuf = b""
-                    self.cmp = bz2.BZ2Decompressor()
-                    self.exception = OSError
-                else:
-                    self.cmp = bz2.BZ2Compressor()
-
-            elif comptype == "xz":
-                try:
-                    import lzma
-                except ImportError:
-                    raise CompressionError("lzma module is not available")
-                if mode == "r":
-                    self.dbuf = b""
-                    self.cmp = lzma.LZMADecompressor()
-                    self.exception = lzma.LZMAError
-                else:
-                    self.cmp = lzma.LZMACompressor()
-
-            elif comptype != "tar":
-                raise CompressionError("unknown compression type %r" % comptype)
-
-        except:
-            if not self._extfileobj:
-                self.fileobj.close()
-            self.closed = True
-            raise
-
-    def __del__(self):
-        if hasattr(self, "closed") and not self.closed:
-            self.close()
-
-    def _init_write_gz(self):
-        """Initialize for writing with gzip compression.
-        """
-        self.cmp = self.zlib.compressobj(9, self.zlib.DEFLATED,
-                                            -self.zlib.MAX_WBITS,
-                                            self.zlib.DEF_MEM_LEVEL,
-                                            0)
-        timestamp = struct.pack("<L", int(time.time()))
-        self.__write(b"\037\213\010\010" + timestamp + b"\002\377")
-        if self.name.endswith(".gz"):
-            self.name = self.name[:-3]
-        # RFC1952 says we must use ISO-8859-1 for the FNAME field.
-        self.__write(self.name.encode("iso-8859-1", "replace") + NUL)
-
-    def write(self, s):
-        """Write string s to the stream.
-        """
-        if self.comptype == "gz":
-            self.crc = self.zlib.crc32(s, self.crc)
-        self.pos += len(s)
-        if self.comptype != "tar":
-            s = self.cmp.compress(s)
-        self.__write(s)
-
-    def __write(self, s):
-        """Write string s to the stream if a whole new block
-           is ready to be written.
-        """
-        self.buf += s
-        while len(self.buf) > self.bufsize:
-            self.fileobj.write(self.buf[:self.bufsize])
-            self.buf = self.buf[self.bufsize:]
-
-    def close(self):
-        """Close the _Stream object. No operation should be
-           done on it afterwards.
-        """
-        if self.closed:
-            return
-
-        self.closed = True
-        try:
-            if self.mode == "w" and self.comptype != "tar":
-                self.buf += self.cmp.flush()
-
-            if self.mode == "w" and self.buf:
-                self.fileobj.write(self.buf)
-                self.buf = b""
-                if self.comptype == "gz":
-                    self.fileobj.write(struct.pack("<L", self.crc))
-                    self.fileobj.write(struct.pack("<L", self.pos & 0xffffFFFF))
-        finally:
-            if not self._extfileobj:
-                self.fileobj.close()
-
-    def _init_read_gz(self):
-        """Initialize for reading a gzip compressed fileobj.
-        """
-        self.cmp = self.zlib.decompressobj(-self.zlib.MAX_WBITS)
-        self.dbuf = b""
-
-        # taken from gzip.GzipFile with some alterations
-        if self.__read(2) != b"\037\213":
-            raise ReadError("not a gzip file")
-        if self.__read(1) != b"\010":
-            raise CompressionError("unsupported compression method")
-
-        flag = ord(self.__read(1))
-        self.__read(6)
-
-        if flag & 4:
-            xlen = ord(self.__read(1)) + 256 * ord(self.__read(1))
-            self.read(xlen)
-        if flag & 8:
-            while True:
-                s = self.__read(1)
-                if not s or s == NUL:
-                    break
-        if flag & 16:
-            while True:
-                s = self.__read(1)
-                if not s or s == NUL:
-                    break
-        if flag & 2:
-            self.__read(2)
-
-    def tell(self):
-        """Return the stream's file pointer position.
-        """
-        return self.pos
-
-    def seek(self, pos=0):
-        """Set the stream's file pointer to pos. Negative seeking
-           is forbidden.
-        """
-        if pos - self.pos >= 0:
-            blocks, remainder = divmod(pos - self.pos, self.bufsize)
-            for i in range(blocks):
-                self.read(self.bufsize)
-            self.read(remainder)
-        else:
-            raise StreamError("seeking backwards is not allowed")
-        return self.pos
-
-    def read(self, size=None):
-        """Return the next size number of bytes from the stream.
-           If size is not defined, return all bytes of the stream
-           up to EOF.
-        """
-        if size is None:
-            t = []
-            while True:
-                buf = self._read(self.bufsize)
-                if not buf:
-                    break
-                t.append(buf)
-            buf = "".join(t)
-        else:
-            buf = self._read(size)
-        self.pos += len(buf)
-        return buf
-
-    def _read(self, size):
-        """Return size bytes from the stream.
-        """
-        if self.comptype == "tar":
-            return self.__read(size)
-
-        c = len(self.dbuf)
-        while c < size:
-            buf = self.__read(self.bufsize)
-            if not buf:
-                break
-            try:
-                buf = self.cmp.decompress(buf)
-            except self.exception:
-                raise ReadError("invalid compressed data")
-            self.dbuf += buf
-            c += len(buf)
-        buf = self.dbuf[:size]
-        self.dbuf = self.dbuf[size:]
-        return buf
-
-    def __read(self, size):
-        """Return size bytes from stream. If internal buffer is empty,
-           read another block from the stream.
-        """
-        c = len(self.buf)
-        while c < size:
-            buf = self.fileobj.read(self.bufsize)
-            if not buf:
-                break
-            self.buf += buf
-            c += len(buf)
-        buf = self.buf[:size]
-        self.buf = self.buf[size:]
-        return buf
-# class _Stream
-
-class _StreamProxy(object):
-    """Small proxy class that enables transparent compression
-       detection for the Stream interface (mode 'r|*').
-    """
-
-    def __init__(self, fileobj):
-        self.fileobj = fileobj
-        self.buf = self.fileobj.read(BLOCKSIZE)
-
-    def read(self, size):
-        self.read = self.fileobj.read
-        return self.buf
-
-    def getcomptype(self):
-        if self.buf.startswith(b"\x1f\x8b\x08"):
-            return "gz"
-        elif self.buf[0:3] == b"BZh" and self.buf[4:10] == b"1AY&SY":
-            return "bz2"
-        elif self.buf.startswith((b"\x5d\x00\x00\x80", b"\xfd7zXZ")):
-            return "xz"
-        else:
-            return "tar"
-
-    def close(self):
-        self.fileobj.close()
-# class StreamProxy
-
-#------------------------
-# Extraction file object
-#------------------------
-class _FileInFile(object):
-    """A thin wrapper around an existing file object that
-       provides a part of its data as an individual file
-       object.
-    """
-
-    def __init__(self, fileobj, offset, size, blockinfo=None):
-        self.fileobj = fileobj
-        self.offset = offset
-        self.size = size
-        self.position = 0
-        self.name = getattr(fileobj, "name", None)
-        self.closed = False
-
-        if blockinfo is None:
-            blockinfo = [(0, size)]
-
-        # Construct a map with data and zero blocks.
-        self.map_index = 0
-        self.map = []
-        lastpos = 0
-        realpos = self.offset
-        for offset, size in blockinfo:
-            if offset > lastpos:
-                self.map.append((False, lastpos, offset, None))
-            self.map.append((True, offset, offset + size, realpos))
-            realpos += size
-            lastpos = offset + size
-        if lastpos < self.size:
-            self.map.append((False, lastpos, self.size, None))
-
-    def flush(self):
-        pass
-
-    def readable(self):
-        return True
-
-    def writable(self):
-        return False
-
-    def seekable(self):
-        return self.fileobj.seekable()
-
-    def tell(self):
-        """Return the current file position.
-        """
-        return self.position
-
-    def seek(self, position, whence=io.SEEK_SET):
-        """Seek to a position in the file.
-        """
-        if whence == io.SEEK_SET:
-            self.position = min(max(position, 0), self.size)
-        elif whence == io.SEEK_CUR:
-            if position < 0:
-                self.position = max(self.position + position, 0)
-            else:
-                self.position = min(self.position + position, self.size)
-        elif whence == io.SEEK_END:
-            self.position = max(min(self.size + position, self.size), 0)
-        else:
-            raise ValueError("Invalid argument")
-        return self.position
-
-    def read(self, size=None):
-        """Read data from the file.
-        """
-        if size is None:
-            size = self.size - self.position
-        else:
-            size = min(size, self.size - self.position)
-
-        buf = b""
-        while size > 0:
-            while True:
-                data, start, stop, offset = self.map[self.map_index]
-                if start <= self.position < stop:
-                    break
-                else:
-                    self.map_index += 1
-                    if self.map_index == len(self.map):
-                        self.map_index = 0
-            length = min(size, stop - self.position)
-            if data:
-                self.fileobj.seek(offset + (self.position - start))
-                b = self.fileobj.read(length)
-                if len(b) != length:
-                    raise ReadError("unexpected end of data")
-                buf += b
-            else:
-                buf += NUL * length
-            size -= length
-            self.position += length
-        return buf
-
-    def readinto(self, b):
-        buf = self.read(len(b))
-        b[:len(buf)] = buf
-        return len(buf)
-
-    def close(self):
-        self.closed = True
-#class _FileInFile
-
-class ExFileObject(io.BufferedReader):
-
-    def __init__(self, tarfile, tarinfo):
-        fileobj = _FileInFile(tarfile.fileobj, tarinfo.offset_data,
-                tarinfo.size, tarinfo.sparse)
-        super().__init__(fileobj)
-#class ExFileObject
-
-#------------------
-# Exported Classes
-#------------------
-class TarInfo(object):
-    """Informational class which holds the details about an
-       archive member given by a tar header block.
-       TarInfo objects are returned by TarFile.getmember(),
-       TarFile.getmembers() and TarFile.gettarinfo() and are
-       usually created internally.
-    """
-
-    __slots__ = ("name", "mode", "uid", "gid", "size", "mtime",
-                 "chksum", "type", "linkname", "uname", "gname",
-                 "devmajor", "devminor",
-                 "offset", "offset_data", "pax_headers", "sparse",
-                 "tarfile", "_sparse_structs", "_link_target")
-
-    def __init__(self, name=""):
-        """Construct a TarInfo object. name is the optional name
-           of the member.
-        """
-        self.name = name        # member name
-        self.mode = 0o644       # file permissions
-        self.uid = 0            # user id
-        self.gid = 0            # group id
-        self.size = 0           # file size
-        self.mtime = 0          # modification time
-        self.chksum = 0         # header checksum
-        self.type = REGTYPE     # member type
-        self.linkname = ""      # link name
-        self.uname = ""         # user name
-        self.gname = ""         # group name
-        self.devmajor = 0       # device major number
-        self.devminor = 0       # device minor number
-
-        self.offset = 0         # the tar header starts here
-        self.offset_data = 0    # the file's data starts here
-
-        self.sparse = None      # sparse member information
-        self.pax_headers = {}   # pax header information
-
-    # In pax headers the "name" and "linkname" field are called
-    # "path" and "linkpath".
-    def _getpath(self):
-        return self.name
-    def _setpath(self, name):
-        self.name = name
-    path = property(_getpath, _setpath)
-
-    def _getlinkpath(self):
-        return self.linkname
-    def _setlinkpath(self, linkname):
-        self.linkname = linkname
-    linkpath = property(_getlinkpath, _setlinkpath)
-
-    def __repr__(self):
-        return "<%s %r at %#x>" % (self.__class__.__name__,self.name,id(self))
-
-    def get_info(self):
-        """Return the TarInfo's attributes as a dictionary.
-        """
-        info = {
-            "name":     self.name,
-            "mode":     self.mode & 0o7777,
-            "uid":      self.uid,
-            "gid":      self.gid,
-            "size":     self.size,
-            "mtime":    self.mtime,
-            "chksum":   self.chksum,
-            "type":     self.type,
-            "linkname": self.linkname,
-            "uname":    self.uname,
-            "gname":    self.gname,
-            "devmajor": self.devmajor,
-            "devminor": self.devminor
-        }
-
-        if info["type"] == DIRTYPE and not info["name"].endswith("/"):
-            info["name"] += "/"
-
-        return info
-
-    def tobuf(self, format=DEFAULT_FORMAT, encoding=ENCODING, errors="surrogateescape"):
-        """Return a tar header as a string of 512 byte blocks.
-        """
-        info = self.get_info()
-
-        if format == USTAR_FORMAT:
-            return self.create_ustar_header(info, encoding, errors)
-        elif format == GNU_FORMAT:
-            return self.create_gnu_header(info, encoding, errors)
-        elif format == PAX_FORMAT:
-            return self.create_pax_header(info, encoding)
-        else:
-            raise ValueError("invalid format")
-
-    def create_ustar_header(self, info, encoding, errors):
-        """Return the object as a ustar header block.
-        """
-        info["magic"] = POSIX_MAGIC
-
-        if len(info["linkname"].encode(encoding, errors)) > LENGTH_LINK:
-            raise ValueError("linkname is too long")
-
-        if len(info["name"].encode(encoding, errors)) > LENGTH_NAME:
-            info["prefix"], info["name"] = self._posix_split_name(info["name"], encoding, errors)
-
-        return self._create_header(info, USTAR_FORMAT, encoding, errors)
-
-    def create_gnu_header(self, info, encoding, errors):
-        """Return the object as a GNU header block sequence.
-        """
-        info["magic"] = GNU_MAGIC
-
-        buf = b""
-        if len(info["linkname"].encode(encoding, errors)) > LENGTH_LINK:
-            buf += self._create_gnu_long_header(info["linkname"], GNUTYPE_LONGLINK, encoding, errors)
-
-        if len(info["name"].encode(encoding, errors)) > LENGTH_NAME:
-            buf += self._create_gnu_long_header(info["name"], GNUTYPE_LONGNAME, encoding, errors)
-
-        return buf + self._create_header(info, GNU_FORMAT, encoding, errors)
-
-    def create_pax_header(self, info, encoding):
-        """Return the object as a ustar header block. If it cannot be
-           represented this way, prepend a pax extended header sequence
-           with supplement information.
-        """
-        info["magic"] = POSIX_MAGIC
-        pax_headers = self.pax_headers.copy()
-
-        # Test string fields for values that exceed the field length or cannot
-        # be represented in ASCII encoding.
-        for name, hname, length in (
-                ("name", "path", LENGTH_NAME), ("linkname", "linkpath", LENGTH_LINK),
-                ("uname", "uname", 32), ("gname", "gname", 32)):
-
-            if hname in pax_headers:
-                # The pax header has priority.
-                continue
-
-            # Try to encode the string as ASCII.
-            try:
-                info[name].encode("ascii", "strict")
-            except UnicodeEncodeError:
-                pax_headers[hname] = info[name]
-                continue
-
-            if len(info[name]) > length:
-                pax_headers[hname] = info[name]
-
-        # Test number fields for values that exceed the field limit or values
-        # that like to be stored as float.
-        for name, digits in (("uid", 8), ("gid", 8), ("size", 12), ("mtime", 12)):
-            if name in pax_headers:
-                # The pax header has priority. Avoid overflow.
-                info[name] = 0
-                continue
-
-            val = info[name]
-            if not 0 <= val < 8 ** (digits - 1) or isinstance(val, float):
-                pax_headers[name] = str(val)
-                info[name] = 0
-
-        # Create a pax extended header if necessary.
-        if pax_headers:
-            buf = self._create_pax_generic_header(pax_headers, XHDTYPE, encoding)
-        else:
-            buf = b""
-
-        return buf + self._create_header(info, USTAR_FORMAT, "ascii", "replace")
-
-    @classmethod
-    def create_pax_global_header(cls, pax_headers):
-        """Return the object as a pax global header block sequence.
-        """
-        return cls._create_pax_generic_header(pax_headers, XGLTYPE, "utf-8")
-
-    def _posix_split_name(self, name, encoding, errors):
-        """Split a name longer than 100 chars into a prefix
-           and a name part.
-        """
-        components = name.split("/")
-        for i in range(1, len(components)):
-            prefix = "/".join(components[:i])
-            name = "/".join(components[i:])
-            if len(prefix.encode(encoding, errors)) <= LENGTH_PREFIX and \
-                    len(name.encode(encoding, errors)) <= LENGTH_NAME:
-                break
-        else:
-            raise ValueError("name is too long")
-
-        return prefix, name
-
-    @staticmethod
-    def _create_header(info, format, encoding, errors):
-        """Return a header block. info is a dictionary with file
-           information, format must be one of the *_FORMAT constants.
-        """
-        parts = [
-            stn(info.get("name", ""), 100, encoding, errors),
-            itn(info.get("mode", 0) & 0o7777, 8, format),
-            itn(info.get("uid", 0), 8, format),
-            itn(info.get("gid", 0), 8, format),
-            itn(info.get("size", 0), 12, format),
-            itn(info.get("mtime", 0), 12, format),
-            b"        ", # checksum field
-            info.get("type", REGTYPE),
-            stn(info.get("linkname", ""), 100, encoding, errors),
-            info.get("magic", POSIX_MAGIC),
-            stn(info.get("uname", ""), 32, encoding, errors),
-            stn(info.get("gname", ""), 32, encoding, errors),
-            itn(info.get("devmajor", 0), 8, format),
-            itn(info.get("devminor", 0), 8, format),
-            stn(info.get("prefix", ""), 155, encoding, errors)
-        ]
-
-        buf = struct.pack("%ds" % BLOCKSIZE, b"".join(parts))
-        chksum = calc_chksums(buf[-BLOCKSIZE:])[0]
-        buf = buf[:-364] + bytes("%06o\0" % chksum, "ascii") + buf[-357:]
-        return buf
-
-    @staticmethod
-    def _create_payload(payload):
-        """Return the string payload filled with zero bytes
-           up to the next 512 byte border.
-        """
-        blocks, remainder = divmod(len(payload), BLOCKSIZE)
-        if remainder > 0:
-            payload += (BLOCKSIZE - remainder) * NUL
-        return payload
-
-    @classmethod
-    def _create_gnu_long_header(cls, name, type, encoding, errors):
-        """Return a GNUTYPE_LONGNAME or GNUTYPE_LONGLINK sequence
-           for name.
-        """
-        name = name.encode(encoding, errors) + NUL
-
-        info = {}
-        info["name"] = "././@LongLink"
-        info["type"] = type
-        info["size"] = len(name)
-        info["magic"] = GNU_MAGIC
-
-        # create extended header + name blocks.
-        return cls._create_header(info, USTAR_FORMAT, encoding, errors) + \
-                cls._create_payload(name)
-
-    @classmethod
-    def _create_pax_generic_header(cls, pax_headers, type, encoding):
-        """Return a POSIX.1-2008 extended or global header sequence
-           that contains a list of keyword, value pairs. The values
-           must be strings.
-        """
-        # Check if one of the fields contains surrogate characters and thereby
-        # forces hdrcharset=BINARY, see _proc_pax() for more information.
-        binary = False
-        for keyword, value in pax_headers.items():
-            try:
-                value.encode("utf-8", "strict")
-            except UnicodeEncodeError:
-                binary = True
-                break
-
-        records = b""
-        if binary:
-            # Put the hdrcharset field at the beginning of the header.
-            records += b"21 hdrcharset=BINARY\n"
-
-        for keyword, value in pax_headers.items():
-            keyword = keyword.encode("utf-8")
-            if binary:
-                # Try to restore the original byte representation of `value'.
-                # Needless to say, that the encoding must match the string.
-                value = value.encode(encoding, "surrogateescape")
-            else:
-                value = value.encode("utf-8")
-
-            l = len(keyword) + len(value) + 3   # ' ' + '=' + '\n'
-            n = p = 0
-            while True:
-                n = l + len(str(p))
-                if n == p:
-                    break
-                p = n
-            records += bytes(str(p), "ascii") + b" " + keyword + b"=" + value + b"\n"
-
-        # We use a hardcoded "././@PaxHeader" name like star does
-        # instead of the one that POSIX recommends.
-        info = {}
-        info["name"] = "././@PaxHeader"
-        info["type"] = type
-        info["size"] = len(records)
-        info["magic"] = POSIX_MAGIC
-
-        # Create pax header + record blocks.
-        return cls._create_header(info, USTAR_FORMAT, "ascii", "replace") + \
-                cls._create_payload(records)
-
-    @classmethod
-    def frombuf(cls, buf, encoding, errors):
-        """Construct a TarInfo object from a 512 byte bytes object.
-        """
-        if len(buf) == 0:
-            raise EmptyHeaderError("empty header")
-        if len(buf) != BLOCKSIZE:
-            raise TruncatedHeaderError("truncated header")
-        if buf.count(NUL) == BLOCKSIZE:
-            raise EOFHeaderError("end of file header")
-
-        chksum = nti(buf[148:156])
-        if chksum not in calc_chksums(buf):
-            raise InvalidHeaderError("bad checksum")
-
-        obj = cls()
-        obj.name = nts(buf[0:100], encoding, errors)
-        obj.mode = nti(buf[100:108])
-        obj.uid = nti(buf[108:116])
-        obj.gid = nti(buf[116:124])
-        obj.size = nti(buf[124:136])
-        obj.mtime = nti(buf[136:148])
-        obj.chksum = chksum
-        obj.type = buf[156:157]
-        obj.linkname = nts(buf[157:257], encoding, errors)
-        obj.uname = nts(buf[265:297], encoding, errors)
-        obj.gname = nts(buf[297:329], encoding, errors)
-        obj.devmajor = nti(buf[329:337])
-        obj.devminor = nti(buf[337:345])
-        prefix = nts(buf[345:500], encoding, errors)
-
-        # Old V7 tar format represents a directory as a regular
-        # file with a trailing slash.
-        if obj.type == AREGTYPE and obj.name.endswith("/"):
-            obj.type = DIRTYPE
-
-        # The old GNU sparse format occupies some of the unused
-        # space in the buffer for up to 4 sparse structures.
-        # Save the them for later processing in _proc_sparse().
-        if obj.type == GNUTYPE_SPARSE:
-            pos = 386
-            structs = []
-            for i in range(4):
-                try:
-                    offset = nti(buf[pos:pos + 12])
-                    numbytes = nti(buf[pos + 12:pos + 24])
-                except ValueError:
-                    break
-                structs.append((offset, numbytes))
-                pos += 24
-            isextended = bool(buf[482])
-            origsize = nti(buf[483:495])
-            obj._sparse_structs = (structs, isextended, origsize)
-
-        # Remove redundant slashes from directories.
-        if obj.isdir():
-            obj.name = obj.name.rstrip("/")
-
-        # Reconstruct a ustar longname.
-        if prefix and obj.type not in GNU_TYPES:
-            obj.name = prefix + "/" + obj.name
-        return obj
-
-    @classmethod
-    def fromtarfile(cls, tarfile):
-        """Return the next TarInfo object from TarFile object
-           tarfile.
-        """
-        buf = tarfile.fileobj.read(BLOCKSIZE)
-        obj = cls.frombuf(buf, tarfile.encoding, tarfile.errors)
-        obj.offset = tarfile.fileobj.tell() - BLOCKSIZE
-        return obj._proc_member(tarfile)
-
-    #--------------------------------------------------------------------------
-    # The following are methods that are called depending on the type of a
-    # member. The entry point is _proc_member() which can be overridden in a
-    # subclass to add custom _proc_*() methods. A _proc_*() method MUST
-    # implement the following
-    # operations:
-    # 1. Set self.offset_data to the position where the data blocks begin,
-    #    if there is data that follows.
-    # 2. Set tarfile.offset to the position where the next member's header will
-    #    begin.
-    # 3. Return self or another valid TarInfo object.
-    def _proc_member(self, tarfile):
-        """Choose the right processing method depending on
-           the type and call it.
-        """
-        if self.type in (GNUTYPE_LONGNAME, GNUTYPE_LONGLINK):
-            return self._proc_gnulong(tarfile)
-        elif self.type == GNUTYPE_SPARSE:
-            return self._proc_sparse(tarfile)
-        elif self.type in (XHDTYPE, XGLTYPE, SOLARIS_XHDTYPE):
-            return self._proc_pax(tarfile)
-        else:
-            return self._proc_builtin(tarfile)
-
-    def _proc_builtin(self, tarfile):
-        """Process a builtin type or an unknown type which
-           will be treated as a regular file.
-        """
-        self.offset_data = tarfile.fileobj.tell()
-        offset = self.offset_data
-        if self.isreg() or self.type not in SUPPORTED_TYPES:
-            # Skip the following data blocks.
-            offset += self._block(self.size)
-        tarfile.offset = offset
-
-        # Patch the TarInfo object with saved global
-        # header information.
-        self._apply_pax_info(tarfile.pax_headers, tarfile.encoding, tarfile.errors)
-
-        return self
-
-    def _proc_gnulong(self, tarfile):
-        """Process the blocks that hold a GNU longname
-           or longlink member.
-        """
-        buf = tarfile.fileobj.read(self._block(self.size))
-
-        # Fetch the next header and process it.
-        try:
-            next = self.fromtarfile(tarfile)
-        except HeaderError:
-            raise SubsequentHeaderError("missing or bad subsequent header")
-
-        # Patch the TarInfo object from the next header with
-        # the longname information.
-        next.offset = self.offset
-        if self.type == GNUTYPE_LONGNAME:
-            next.name = nts(buf, tarfile.encoding, tarfile.errors)
-        elif self.type == GNUTYPE_LONGLINK:
-            next.linkname = nts(buf, tarfile.encoding, tarfile.errors)
-
-        return next
-
-    def _proc_sparse(self, tarfile):
-        """Process a GNU sparse header plus extra headers.
-        """
-        # We already collected some sparse structures in frombuf().
-        structs, isextended, origsize = self._sparse_structs
-        del self._sparse_structs
-
-        # Collect sparse structures from extended header blocks.
-        while isextended:
-            buf = tarfile.fileobj.read(BLOCKSIZE)
-            pos = 0
-            for i in range(21):
-                try:
-                    offset = nti(buf[pos:pos + 12])
-                    numbytes = nti(buf[pos + 12:pos + 24])
-                except ValueError:
-                    break
-                if offset and numbytes:
-                    structs.append((offset, numbytes))
-                pos += 24
-            isextended = bool(buf[504])
-        self.sparse = structs
-
-        self.offset_data = tarfile.fileobj.tell()
-        tarfile.offset = self.offset_data + self._block(self.size)
-        self.size = origsize
-        return self
-
-    def _proc_pax(self, tarfile):
-        """Process an extended or global header as described in
-           POSIX.1-2008.
-        """
-        # Read the header information.
-        buf = tarfile.fileobj.read(self._block(self.size))
-
-        # A pax header stores supplemental information for either
-        # the following file (extended) or all following files
-        # (global).
-        if self.type == XGLTYPE:
-            pax_headers = tarfile.pax_headers
-        else:
-            pax_headers = tarfile.pax_headers.copy()
-
-        # Check if the pax header contains a hdrcharset field. This tells us
-        # the encoding of the path, linkpath, uname and gname fields. Normally,
-        # these fields are UTF-8 encoded but since POSIX.1-2008 tar
-        # implementations are allowed to store them as raw binary strings if
-        # the translation to UTF-8 fails.
-        match = re.search(br"\d+ hdrcharset=([^\n]+)\n", buf)
-        if match is not None:
-            pax_headers["hdrcharset"] = match.group(1).decode("utf-8")
-
-        # For the time being, we don't care about anything other than "BINARY".
-        # The only other value that is currently allowed by the standard is
-        # "ISO-IR 10646 2000 UTF-8" in other words UTF-8.
-        hdrcharset = pax_headers.get("hdrcharset")
-        if hdrcharset == "BINARY":
-            encoding = tarfile.encoding
-        else:
-            encoding = "utf-8"
-
-        # Parse pax header information. A record looks like that:
-        # "%d %s=%s\n" % (length, keyword, value). length is the size
-        # of the complete record including the length field itself and
-        # the newline. keyword and value are both UTF-8 encoded strings.
-        regex = re.compile(br"(\d+) ([^=]+)=")
-        pos = 0
-        while True:
-            match = regex.match(buf, pos)
-            if not match:
-                break
-
-            length, keyword = match.groups()
-            length = int(length)
-            value = buf[match.end(2) + 1:match.start(1) + length - 1]
-
-            # Normally, we could just use "utf-8" as the encoding and "strict"
-            # as the error handler, but we better not take the risk. For
-            # example, GNU tar <= 1.23 is known to store filenames it cannot
-            # translate to UTF-8 as raw strings (unfortunately without a
-            # hdrcharset=BINARY header).
-            # We first try the strict standard encoding, and if that fails we
-            # fall back on the user's encoding and error handler.
-            keyword = self._decode_pax_field(keyword, "utf-8", "utf-8",
-                    tarfile.errors)
-            if keyword in PAX_NAME_FIELDS:
-                value = self._decode_pax_field(value, encoding, tarfile.encoding,
-                        tarfile.errors)
-            else:
-                value = self._decode_pax_field(value, "utf-8", "utf-8",
-                        tarfile.errors)
-
-            pax_headers[keyword] = value
-            pos += length
-
-        # Fetch the next header.
-        try:
-            next = self.fromtarfile(tarfile)
-        except HeaderError:
-            raise SubsequentHeaderError("missing or bad subsequent header")
-
-        # Process GNU sparse information.
-        if "GNU.sparse.map" in pax_headers:
-            # GNU extended sparse format version 0.1.
-            self._proc_gnusparse_01(next, pax_headers)
-
-        elif "GNU.sparse.size" in pax_headers:
-            # GNU extended sparse format version 0.0.
-            self._proc_gnusparse_00(next, pax_headers, buf)
-
-        elif pax_headers.get("GNU.sparse.major") == "1" and pax_headers.get("GNU.sparse.minor") == "0":
-            # GNU extended sparse format version 1.0.
-            self._proc_gnusparse_10(next, pax_headers, tarfile)
-
-        if self.type in (XHDTYPE, SOLARIS_XHDTYPE):
-            # Patch the TarInfo object with the extended header info.
-            next._apply_pax_info(pax_headers, tarfile.encoding, tarfile.errors)
-            next.offset = self.offset
-
-            if "size" in pax_headers:
-                # If the extended header replaces the size field,
-                # we need to recalculate the offset where the next
-                # header starts.
-                offset = next.offset_data
-                if next.isreg() or next.type not in SUPPORTED_TYPES:
-                    offset += next._block(next.size)
-                tarfile.offset = offset
-
-        return next
-
-    def _proc_gnusparse_00(self, next, pax_headers, buf):
-        """Process a GNU tar extended sparse header, version 0.0.
-        """
-        offsets = []
-        for match in re.finditer(br"\d+ GNU.sparse.offset=(\d+)\n", buf):
-            offsets.append(int(match.group(1)))
-        numbytes = []
-        for match in re.finditer(br"\d+ GNU.sparse.numbytes=(\d+)\n", buf):
-            numbytes.append(int(match.group(1)))
-        next.sparse = list(zip(offsets, numbytes))
-
-    def _proc_gnusparse_01(self, next, pax_headers):
-        """Process a GNU tar extended sparse header, version 0.1.
-        """
-        sparse = [int(x) for x in pax_headers["GNU.sparse.map"].split(",")]
-        next.sparse = list(zip(sparse[::2], sparse[1::2]))
-
-    def _proc_gnusparse_10(self, next, pax_headers, tarfile):
-        """Process a GNU tar extended sparse header, version 1.0.
-        """
-        fields = None
-        sparse = []
-        buf = tarfile.fileobj.read(BLOCKSIZE)
-        fields, buf = buf.split(b"\n", 1)
-        fields = int(fields)
-        while len(sparse) < fields * 2:
-            if b"\n" not in buf:
-                buf += tarfile.fileobj.read(BLOCKSIZE)
-            number, buf = buf.split(b"\n", 1)
-            sparse.append(int(number))
-        next.offset_data = tarfile.fileobj.tell()
-        next.sparse = list(zip(sparse[::2], sparse[1::2]))
-
-    def _apply_pax_info(self, pax_headers, encoding, errors):
-        """Replace fields with supplemental information from a previous
-           pax extended or global header.
-        """
-        for keyword, value in pax_headers.items():
-            if keyword == "GNU.sparse.name":
-                setattr(self, "path", value)
-            elif keyword == "GNU.sparse.size":
-                setattr(self, "size", int(value))
-            elif keyword == "GNU.sparse.realsize":
-                setattr(self, "size", int(value))
-            elif keyword in PAX_FIELDS:
-                if keyword in PAX_NUMBER_FIELDS:
-                    try:
-                        value = PAX_NUMBER_FIELDS[keyword](value)
-                    except ValueError:
-                        value = 0
-                if keyword == "path":
-                    value = value.rstrip("/")
-                setattr(self, keyword, value)
-
-        self.pax_headers = pax_headers.copy()
-
-    def _decode_pax_field(self, value, encoding, fallback_encoding, fallback_errors):
-        """Decode a single field from a pax record.
-        """
-        try:
-            return value.decode(encoding, "strict")
-        except UnicodeDecodeError:
-            return value.decode(fallback_encoding, fallback_errors)
-
-    def _block(self, count):
-        """Round up a byte count by BLOCKSIZE and return it,
-           e.g. _block(834) => 1024.
-        """
-        blocks, remainder = divmod(count, BLOCKSIZE)
-        if remainder:
-            blocks += 1
-        return blocks * BLOCKSIZE
-
-    def isreg(self):
-        return self.type in REGULAR_TYPES
-    def isfile(self):
-        return self.isreg()
-    def isdir(self):
-        return self.type == DIRTYPE
-    def issym(self):
-        return self.type == SYMTYPE
-    def islnk(self):
-        return self.type == LNKTYPE
-    def ischr(self):
-        return self.type == CHRTYPE
-    def isblk(self):
-        return self.type == BLKTYPE
-    def isfifo(self):
-        return self.type == FIFOTYPE
-    def issparse(self):
-        return self.sparse is not None
-    def isdev(self):
-        return self.type in (CHRTYPE, BLKTYPE, FIFOTYPE)
-# class TarInfo
-
-class TarFile(object):
-    """The TarFile Class provides an interface to tar archives.
-    """
-
-    debug = 0                   # May be set from 0 (no msgs) to 3 (all msgs)
-
-    dereference = False         # If true, add content of linked file to the
-                                # tar file, else the link.
-
-    ignore_zeros = False        # If true, skips empty or invalid blocks and
-                                # continues processing.
-
-    errorlevel = 1              # If 0, fatal errors only appear in debug
-                                # messages (if debug >= 0). If > 0, errors
-                                # are passed to the caller as exceptions.
-
-    format = DEFAULT_FORMAT     # The format to use when creating an archive.
-
-    encoding = ENCODING         # Encoding for 8-bit character strings.
-
-    errors = None               # Error handler for unicode conversion.
-
-    tarinfo = TarInfo           # The default TarInfo class to use.
-
-    fileobject = ExFileObject   # The file-object for extractfile().
-
-    def __init__(self, name=None, mode="r", fileobj=None, format=None,
-            tarinfo=None, dereference=None, ignore_zeros=None, encoding=None,
-            errors="surrogateescape", pax_headers=None, debug=None,
-            errorlevel=None, copybufsize=None):
-        """Open an (uncompressed) tar archive `name'. `mode' is either 'r' to
-           read from an existing archive, 'a' to append data to an existing
-           file or 'w' to create a new file overwriting an existing one. `mode'
-           defaults to 'r'.
-           If `fileobj' is given, it is used for reading or writing data. If it
-           can be determined, `mode' is overridden by `fileobj's mode.
-           `fileobj' is not closed, when TarFile is closed.
-        """
-        modes = {"r": "rb", "a": "r+b", "w": "wb", "x": "xb"}
-        if mode not in modes:
-            raise ValueError("mode must be 'r', 'a', 'w' or 'x'")
-        self.mode = mode
-        self._mode = modes[mode]
-
-        if not fileobj:
-            if self.mode == "a" and not os.path.exists(name):
-                # Create nonexistent files in append mode.
-                self.mode = "w"
-                self._mode = "wb"
-            fileobj = bltn_open(name, self._mode)
-            self._extfileobj = False
-        else:
-            if (name is None and hasattr(fileobj, "name") and
-                isinstance(fileobj.name, (str, bytes))):
-                name = fileobj.name
-            if hasattr(fileobj, "mode"):
-                self._mode = fileobj.mode
-            self._extfileobj = True
-        self.name = os.path.abspath(name) if name else None
-        self.fileobj = fileobj
-
-        # Init attributes.
-        if format is not None:
-            self.format = format
-        if tarinfo is not None:
-            self.tarinfo = tarinfo
-        if dereference is not None:
-            self.dereference = dereference
-        if ignore_zeros is not None:
-            self.ignore_zeros = ignore_zeros
-        if encoding is not None:
-            self.encoding = encoding
-        self.errors = errors
-
-        if pax_headers is not None and self.format == PAX_FORMAT:
-            self.pax_headers = pax_headers
-        else:
-            self.pax_headers = {}
-
-        if debug is not None:
-            self.debug = debug
-        if errorlevel is not None:
-            self.errorlevel = errorlevel
-
-        # Init datastructures.
-        self.copybufsize = copybufsize
-        self.closed = False
-        self.members = []       # list of members as TarInfo objects
-        self._loaded = False    # flag if all members have been read
-        self.offset = self.fileobj.tell()
-                                # current position in the archive file
-        self.inodes = {}        # dictionary caching the inodes of
-                                # archive members already added
-
-        try:
-            if self.mode == "r":
-                self.firstmember = None
-                self.firstmember = self.next()
-
-            if self.mode == "a":
-                # Move to the end of the archive,
-                # before the first empty block.
-                while True:
-                    self.fileobj.seek(self.offset)
-                    try:
-                        tarinfo = self.tarinfo.fromtarfile(self)
-                        self.members.append(tarinfo)
-                    except EOFHeaderError:
-                        self.fileobj.seek(self.offset)
-                        break
-                    except HeaderError as e:
-                        raise ReadError(str(e))
-
-            if self.mode in ("a", "w", "x"):
-                self._loaded = True
-
-                if self.pax_headers:
-                    buf = self.tarinfo.create_pax_global_header(self.pax_headers.copy())
-                    self.fileobj.write(buf)
-                    self.offset += len(buf)
-        except:
-            if not self._extfileobj:
-                self.fileobj.close()
-            self.closed = True
-            raise
-
-    #--------------------------------------------------------------------------
-    # Below are the classmethods which act as alternate constructors to the
-    # TarFile class. The open() method is the only one that is needed for
-    # public use; it is the "super"-constructor and is able to select an
-    # adequate "sub"-constructor for a particular compression using the mapping
-    # from OPEN_METH.
-    #
-    # This concept allows one to subclass TarFile without losing the comfort of
-    # the super-constructor. A sub-constructor is registered and made available
-    # by adding it to the mapping in OPEN_METH.
-
-    @classmethod
-    def open(cls, name=None, mode="r", fileobj=None, bufsize=RECORDSIZE, **kwargs):
-        """Open a tar archive for reading, writing or appending. Return
-           an appropriate TarFile class.
-
-           mode:
-           'r' or 'r:*' open for reading with transparent compression
-           'r:'         open for reading exclusively uncompressed
-           'r:gz'       open for reading with gzip compression
-           'r:bz2'      open for reading with bzip2 compression
-           'r:xz'       open for reading with lzma compression
-           'a' or 'a:'  open for appending, creating the file if necessary
-           'w' or 'w:'  open for writing without compression
-           'w:gz'       open for writing with gzip compression
-           'w:bz2'      open for writing with bzip2 compression
-           'w:xz'       open for writing with lzma compression
-
-           'x' or 'x:'  create a tarfile exclusively without compression, raise
-                        an exception if the file is already created
-           'x:gz'       create a gzip compressed tarfile, raise an exception
-                        if the file is already created
-           'x:bz2'      create a bzip2 compressed tarfile, raise an exception
-                        if the file is already created
-           'x:xz'       create an lzma compressed tarfile, raise an exception
-                        if the file is already created
-
-           'r|*'        open a stream of tar blocks with transparent compression
-           'r|'         open an uncompressed stream of tar blocks for reading
-           'r|gz'       open a gzip compressed stream of tar blocks
-           'r|bz2'      open a bzip2 compressed stream of tar blocks
-           'r|xz'       open an lzma compressed stream of tar blocks
-           'w|'         open an uncompressed stream for writing
-           'w|gz'       open a gzip compressed stream for writing
-           'w|bz2'      open a bzip2 compressed stream for writing
-           'w|xz'       open an lzma compressed stream for writing
-        """
-
-        if not name and not fileobj:
-            raise ValueError("nothing to open")
-
-        if mode in ("r", "r:*"):
-            # Find out which *open() is appropriate for opening the file.
-            def not_compressed(comptype):
-                return cls.OPEN_METH[comptype] == 'taropen'
-            for comptype in sorted(cls.OPEN_METH, key=not_compressed):
-                func = getattr(cls, cls.OPEN_METH[comptype])
-                if fileobj is not None:
-                    saved_pos = fileobj.tell()
-                try:
-                    return func(name, "r", fileobj, **kwargs)
-                except (ReadError, CompressionError):
-                    if fileobj is not None:
-                        fileobj.seek(saved_pos)
-                    continue
-            raise ReadError("file could not be opened successfully")
-
-        elif ":" in mode:
-            filemode, comptype = mode.split(":", 1)
-            filemode = filemode or "r"
-            comptype = comptype or "tar"
-
-            # Select the *open() function according to
-            # given compression.
-            if comptype in cls.OPEN_METH:
-                func = getattr(cls, cls.OPEN_METH[comptype])
-            else:
-                raise CompressionError("unknown compression type %r" % comptype)
-            return func(name, filemode, fileobj, **kwargs)
-
-        elif "|" in mode:
-            filemode, comptype = mode.split("|", 1)
-            filemode = filemode or "r"
-            comptype = comptype or "tar"
-
-            if filemode not in ("r", "w"):
-                raise ValueError("mode must be 'r' or 'w'")
-
-            stream = _Stream(name, filemode, comptype, fileobj, bufsize)
-            try:
-                t = cls(name, filemode, stream, **kwargs)
-            except:
-                stream.close()
-                raise
-            t._extfileobj = False
-            return t
-
-        elif mode in ("a", "w", "x"):
-            return cls.taropen(name, mode, fileobj, **kwargs)
-
-        raise ValueError("undiscernible mode")
-
-    @classmethod
-    def taropen(cls, name, mode="r", fileobj=None, **kwargs):
-        """Open uncompressed tar archive name for reading or writing.
-        """
-        if mode not in ("r", "a", "w", "x"):
-            raise ValueError("mode must be 'r', 'a', 'w' or 'x'")
-        return cls(name, mode, fileobj, **kwargs)
-
-    @classmethod
-    def gzopen(cls, name, mode="r", fileobj=None, compresslevel=9, **kwargs):
-        """Open gzip compressed tar archive name for reading or writing.
-           Appending is not allowed.
-        """
-        if mode not in ("r", "w", "x"):
-            raise ValueError("mode must be 'r', 'w' or 'x'")
-
-        try:
-            import gzip
-            gzip.GzipFile
-        except (ImportError, AttributeError):
-            raise CompressionError("gzip module is not available")
-
-        try:
-            fileobj = gzip.GzipFile(name, mode + "b", compresslevel, fileobj)
-        except OSError:
-            if fileobj is not None and mode == 'r':
-                raise ReadError("not a gzip file")
-            raise
-
-        try:
-            t = cls.taropen(name, mode, fileobj, **kwargs)
-        except OSError:
-            fileobj.close()
-            if mode == 'r':
-                raise ReadError("not a gzip file")
-            raise
-        except:
-            fileobj.close()
-            raise
-        t._extfileobj = False
-        return t
-
-    @classmethod
-    def bz2open(cls, name, mode="r", fileobj=None, compresslevel=9, **kwargs):
-        """Open bzip2 compressed tar archive name for reading or writing.
-           Appending is not allowed.
-        """
-        if mode not in ("r", "w", "x"):
-            raise ValueError("mode must be 'r', 'w' or 'x'")
-
-        try:
-            import bz2
-        except ImportError:
-            raise CompressionError("bz2 module is not available")
-
-        fileobj = bz2.BZ2File(fileobj or name, mode,
-                              compresslevel=compresslevel)
-
-        try:
-            t = cls.taropen(name, mode, fileobj, **kwargs)
-        except (OSError, EOFError):
-            fileobj.close()
-            if mode == 'r':
-                raise ReadError("not a bzip2 file")
-            raise
-        except:
-            fileobj.close()
-            raise
-        t._extfileobj = False
-        return t
-
-    @classmethod
-    def xzopen(cls, name, mode="r", fileobj=None, preset=None, **kwargs):
-        """Open lzma compressed tar archive name for reading or writing.
-           Appending is not allowed.
-        """
-        if mode not in ("r", "w", "x"):
-            raise ValueError("mode must be 'r', 'w' or 'x'")
-
-        try:
-            import lzma
-        except ImportError:
-            raise CompressionError("lzma module is not available")
-
-        fileobj = lzma.LZMAFile(fileobj or name, mode, preset=preset)
-
-        try:
-            t = cls.taropen(name, mode, fileobj, **kwargs)
-        except (lzma.LZMAError, EOFError):
-            fileobj.close()
-            if mode == 'r':
-                raise ReadError("not an lzma file")
-            raise
-        except:
-            fileobj.close()
-            raise
-        t._extfileobj = False
-        return t
-
-    # All *open() methods are registered here.
-    OPEN_METH = {
-        "tar": "taropen",   # uncompressed tar
-        "gz":  "gzopen",    # gzip compressed tar
-        "bz2": "bz2open",   # bzip2 compressed tar
-        "xz":  "xzopen"     # lzma compressed tar
-    }
-
-    #--------------------------------------------------------------------------
-    # The public methods which TarFile provides:
-
-    def close(self):
-        """Close the TarFile. In write-mode, two finishing zero blocks are
-           appended to the archive.
-        """
-        if self.closed:
-            return
-
-        self.closed = True
-        try:
-            if self.mode in ("a", "w", "x"):
-                self.fileobj.write(NUL * (BLOCKSIZE * 2))
-                self.offset += (BLOCKSIZE * 2)
-                # fill up the end with zero-blocks
-                # (like option -b20 for tar does)
-                blocks, remainder = divmod(self.offset, RECORDSIZE)
-                if remainder > 0:
-                    self.fileobj.write(NUL * (RECORDSIZE - remainder))
-        finally:
-            if not self._extfileobj:
-                self.fileobj.close()
-
-    def getmember(self, name):
-        """Return a TarInfo object for member `name'. If `name' can not be
-           found in the archive, KeyError is raised. If a member occurs more
-           than once in the archive, its last occurrence is assumed to be the
-           most up-to-date version.
-        """
-        tarinfo = self._getmember(name)
-        if tarinfo is None:
-            raise KeyError("filename %r not found" % name)
-        return tarinfo
-
-    def getmembers(self):
-        """Return the members of the archive as a list of TarInfo objects. The
-           list has the same order as the members in the archive.
-        """
-        self._check()
-        if not self._loaded:    # if we want to obtain a list of
-            self._load()        # all members, we first have to
-                                # scan the whole archive.
-        return self.members
-
-    def getnames(self):
-        """Return the members of the archive as a list of their names. It has
-           the same order as the list returned by getmembers().
-        """
-        return [tarinfo.name for tarinfo in self.getmembers()]
-
-    def gettarinfo(self, name=None, arcname=None, fileobj=None):
-        """Create a TarInfo object from the result of os.stat or equivalent
-           on an existing file. The file is either named by `name', or
-           specified as a file object `fileobj' with a file descriptor. If
-           given, `arcname' specifies an alternative name for the file in the
-           archive, otherwise, the name is taken from the 'name' attribute of
-           'fileobj', or the 'name' argument. The name should be a text
-           string.
-        """
-        self._check("awx")
-
-        # When fileobj is given, replace name by
-        # fileobj's real name.
-        if fileobj is not None:
-            name = fileobj.name
-
-        # Building the name of the member in the archive.
-        # Backward slashes are converted to forward slashes,
-        # Absolute paths are turned to relative paths.
-        if arcname is None:
-            arcname = name
-        drv, arcname = os.path.splitdrive(arcname)
-        arcname = arcname.replace(os.sep, "/")
-        arcname = arcname.lstrip("/")
-
-        # Now, fill the TarInfo object with
-        # information specific for the file.
-        tarinfo = self.tarinfo()
-        tarinfo.tarfile = self  # Not needed
-
-        # Use os.stat or os.lstat, depending on platform
-        # and if symlinks shall be resolved.
-        if fileobj is None:
-            if hasattr(os, "lstat") and not self.dereference:
-                statres = os.lstat(name)
-            else:
-                statres = os.stat(name)
-        else:
-            statres = os.fstat(fileobj.fileno())
-        linkname = ""
-
-        stmd = statres.st_mode
-        if stat.S_ISREG(stmd):
-            inode = (statres.st_ino, statres.st_dev)
-            if not self.dereference and statres.st_nlink > 1 and \
-                    inode in self.inodes and arcname != self.inodes[inode]:
-                # Is it a hardlink to an already
-                # archived file?
-                type = LNKTYPE
-                linkname = self.inodes[inode]
-            else:
-                # The inode is added only if its valid.
-                # For win32 it is always 0.
-                type = REGTYPE
-                if inode[0]:
-                    self.inodes[inode] = arcname
-        elif stat.S_ISDIR(stmd):
-            type = DIRTYPE
-        elif stat.S_ISFIFO(stmd):
-            type = FIFOTYPE
-        elif stat.S_ISLNK(stmd):
-            type = SYMTYPE
-            linkname = os.readlink(name)
-        elif stat.S_ISCHR(stmd):
-            type = CHRTYPE
-        elif stat.S_ISBLK(stmd):
-            type = BLKTYPE
-        else:
-            return None
-
-        # Fill the TarInfo object with all
-        # information we can get.
-        tarinfo.name = arcname
-        tarinfo.mode = stmd
-        tarinfo.uid = statres.st_uid
-        tarinfo.gid = statres.st_gid
-        if type == REGTYPE:
-            tarinfo.size = statres.st_size
-        else:
-            tarinfo.size = 0
-        tarinfo.mtime = statres.st_mtime
-        tarinfo.type = type
-        tarinfo.linkname = linkname
-        if pwd:
-            try:
-                tarinfo.uname = pwd.getpwuid(tarinfo.uid)[0]
-            except KeyError:
-                pass
-        if grp:
-            try:
-                tarinfo.gname = grp.getgrgid(tarinfo.gid)[0]
-            except KeyError:
-                pass
-
-        if type in (CHRTYPE, BLKTYPE):
-            if hasattr(os, "major") and hasattr(os, "minor"):
-                tarinfo.devmajor = os.major(statres.st_rdev)
-                tarinfo.devminor = os.minor(statres.st_rdev)
-        return tarinfo
-
-    def list(self, verbose=True, *, members=None):
-        """Print a table of contents to sys.stdout. If `verbose' is False, only
-           the names of the members are printed. If it is True, an `ls -l'-like
-           output is produced. `members' is optional and must be a subset of the
-           list returned by getmembers().
-        """
-        self._check()
-
-        if members is None:
-            members = self
-        for tarinfo in members:
-            if verbose:
-                _safe_print(stat.filemode(tarinfo.mode))
-                _safe_print("%s/%s" % (tarinfo.uname or tarinfo.uid,
-                                       tarinfo.gname or tarinfo.gid))
-                if tarinfo.ischr() or tarinfo.isblk():
-                    _safe_print("%10s" %
-                            ("%d,%d" % (tarinfo.devmajor, tarinfo.devminor)))
-                else:
-                    _safe_print("%10d" % tarinfo.size)
-                _safe_print("%d-%02d-%02d %02d:%02d:%02d" \
-                            % time.localtime(tarinfo.mtime)[:6])
-
-            _safe_print(tarinfo.name + ("/" if tarinfo.isdir() else ""))
-
-            if verbose:
-                if tarinfo.issym():
-                    _safe_print("-> " + tarinfo.linkname)
-                if tarinfo.islnk():
-                    _safe_print("link to " + tarinfo.linkname)
-            print()
-
-    def add(self, name, arcname=None, recursive=True, exclude=None, *, filter=None):
-        """Add the file `name' to the archive. `name' may be any type of file
-           (directory, fifo, symbolic link, etc.). If given, `arcname'
-           specifies an alternative name for the file in the archive.
-           Directories are added recursively by default. This can be avoided by
-           setting `recursive' to False. `exclude' is a function that should
-           return True for each filename to be excluded. `filter' is a function
-           that expects a TarInfo object argument and returns the changed
-           TarInfo object, if it returns None the TarInfo object will be
-           excluded from the archive.
-        """
-        self._check("awx")
-
-        if arcname is None:
-            arcname = name
-
-        # Exclude pathnames.
-        if exclude is not None:
-            import warnings
-            warnings.warn("use the filter argument instead",
-                    DeprecationWarning, 2)
-            if exclude(name):
-                self._dbg(2, "tarfile: Excluded %r" % name)
-                return
-
-        # Skip if somebody tries to archive the archive...
-        if self.name is not None and os.path.abspath(name) == self.name:
-            self._dbg(2, "tarfile: Skipped %r" % name)
-            return
-
-        self._dbg(1, name)
-
-        # Create a TarInfo object from the file.
-        tarinfo = self.gettarinfo(name, arcname)
-
-        if tarinfo is None:
-            self._dbg(1, "tarfile: Unsupported type %r" % name)
-            return
-
-        # Change or exclude the TarInfo object.
-        if filter is not None:
-            tarinfo = filter(tarinfo)
-            if tarinfo is None:
-                self._dbg(2, "tarfile: Excluded %r" % name)
-                return
-
-        # Append the tar header and data to the archive.
-        if tarinfo.isreg():
-            with bltn_open(name, "rb") as f:
-                self.addfile(tarinfo, f)
-
-        elif tarinfo.isdir():
-            self.addfile(tarinfo)
-            if recursive:
-                for f in os.listdir(name):
-                    self.add(os.path.join(name, f), os.path.join(arcname, f),
-                            recursive, exclude, filter=filter)
-
-        else:
-            self.addfile(tarinfo)
-
-    def addfile(self, tarinfo, fileobj=None):
-        """Add the TarInfo object `tarinfo' to the archive. If `fileobj' is
-           given, it should be a binary file, and tarinfo.size bytes are read
-           from it and added to the archive. You can create TarInfo objects
-           directly, or by using gettarinfo().
-        """
-        self._check("awx")
-
-        tarinfo = copy.copy(tarinfo)
-
-        buf = tarinfo.tobuf(self.format, self.encoding, self.errors)
-        self.fileobj.write(buf)
-        self.offset += len(buf)
-        bufsize=self.copybufsize
-        # If there's data to follow, append it.
-        if fileobj is not None:
-            copyfileobj(fileobj, self.fileobj, tarinfo.size, bufsize=bufsize)
-            blocks, remainder = divmod(tarinfo.size, BLOCKSIZE)
-            if remainder > 0:
-                self.fileobj.write(NUL * (BLOCKSIZE - remainder))
-                blocks += 1
-            self.offset += blocks * BLOCKSIZE
-
-        self.members.append(tarinfo)
-
-    def extractall(self, path=".", members=None, *, numeric_owner=False):
-        """Extract all members from the archive to the current working
-           directory and set owner, modification time and permissions on
-           directories afterwards. `path' specifies a different directory
-           to extract to. `members' is optional and must be a subset of the
-           list returned by getmembers(). If `numeric_owner` is True, only
-           the numbers for user/group names are used and not the names.
-        """
-        directories = []
-
-        if members is None:
-            members = self
-
-        for tarinfo in members:
-            if tarinfo.isdir():
-                # Extract directories with a safe mode.
-                directories.append(tarinfo)
-                tarinfo = copy.copy(tarinfo)
-                tarinfo.mode = 0o700
-            # Do not set_attrs directories, as we will do that further down
-            self.extract(tarinfo, path, set_attrs=not tarinfo.isdir(),
-                         numeric_owner=numeric_owner)
-
-        # Reverse sort directories.
-        directories.sort(key=lambda a: a.name)
-        directories.reverse()
-
-        # Set correct owner, mtime and filemode on directories.
-        for tarinfo in directories:
-            dirpath = os.path.join(path, tarinfo.name)
-            try:
-                self.chown(tarinfo, dirpath, numeric_owner=numeric_owner)
-                self.utime(tarinfo, dirpath)
-                self.chmod(tarinfo, dirpath)
-            except ExtractError as e:
-                if self.errorlevel > 1:
-                    raise
-                else:
-                    self._dbg(1, "tarfile: %s" % e)
-
-    def extract(self, member, path="", set_attrs=True, *, numeric_owner=False):
-        """Extract a member from the archive to the current working directory,
-           using its full name. Its file information is extracted as accurately
-           as possible. `member' may be a filename or a TarInfo object. You can
-           specify a different directory using `path'. File attributes (owner,
-           mtime, mode) are set unless `set_attrs' is False. If `numeric_owner`
-           is True, only the numbers for user/group names are used and not
-           the names.
-        """
-        self._check("r")
-
-        if isinstance(member, str):
-            tarinfo = self.getmember(member)
-        else:
-            tarinfo = member
-
-        # Prepare the link target for makelink().
-        if tarinfo.islnk():
-            tarinfo._link_target = os.path.join(path, tarinfo.linkname)
-
-        try:
-            self._extract_member(tarinfo, os.path.join(path, tarinfo.name),
-                                 set_attrs=set_attrs,
-                                 numeric_owner=numeric_owner)
-        except OSError as e:
-            if self.errorlevel > 0:
-                raise
-            else:
-                if e.filename is None:
-                    self._dbg(1, "tarfile: %s" % e.strerror)
-                else:
-                    self._dbg(1, "tarfile: %s %r" % (e.strerror, e.filename))
-        except ExtractError as e:
-            if self.errorlevel > 1:
-                raise
-            else:
-                self._dbg(1, "tarfile: %s" % e)
-
-    def extractfile(self, member):
-        """Extract a member from the archive as a file object. `member' may be
-           a filename or a TarInfo object. If `member' is a regular file or a
-           link, an io.BufferedReader object is returned. Otherwise, None is
-           returned.
-        """
-        self._check("r")
-
-        if isinstance(member, str):
-            tarinfo = self.getmember(member)
-        else:
-            tarinfo = member
-
-        if tarinfo.isreg() or tarinfo.type not in SUPPORTED_TYPES:
-            # Members with unknown types are treated as regular files.
-            return self.fileobject(self, tarinfo)
-
-        elif tarinfo.islnk() or tarinfo.issym():
-            if isinstance(self.fileobj, _Stream):
-                # A small but ugly workaround for the case that someone tries
-                # to extract a (sym)link as a file-object from a non-seekable
-                # stream of tar blocks.
-                raise StreamError("cannot extract (sym)link as file object")
-            else:
-                # A (sym)link's file object is its target's file object.
-                return self.extractfile(self._find_link_target(tarinfo))
-        else:
-            # If there's no data associated with the member (directory, chrdev,
-            # blkdev, etc.), return None instead of a file object.
-            return None
-
-    def _extract_member(self, tarinfo, targetpath, set_attrs=True,
-                        numeric_owner=False):
-        """Extract the TarInfo object tarinfo to a physical
-           file called targetpath.
-        """
-        # Fetch the TarInfo object for the given name
-        # and build the destination pathname, replacing
-        # forward slashes to platform specific separators.
-        targetpath = targetpath.rstrip("/")
-        targetpath = targetpath.replace("/", os.sep)
-
-        # Create all upper directories.
-        upperdirs = os.path.dirname(targetpath)
-        if upperdirs and not os.path.exists(upperdirs):
-            # Create directories that are not part of the archive with
-            # default permissions.
-            os.makedirs(upperdirs)
-
-        if tarinfo.islnk() or tarinfo.issym():
-            self._dbg(1, "%s -> %s" % (tarinfo.name, tarinfo.linkname))
-        else:
-            self._dbg(1, tarinfo.name)
-
-        if tarinfo.isreg():
-            self.makefile(tarinfo, targetpath)
-        elif tarinfo.isdir():
-            self.makedir(tarinfo, targetpath)
-        elif tarinfo.isfifo():
-            self.makefifo(tarinfo, targetpath)
-        elif tarinfo.ischr() or tarinfo.isblk():
-            self.makedev(tarinfo, targetpath)
-        elif tarinfo.islnk() or tarinfo.issym():
-            self.makelink(tarinfo, targetpath)
-        elif tarinfo.type not in SUPPORTED_TYPES:
-            self.makeunknown(tarinfo, targetpath)
-        else:
-            self.makefile(tarinfo, targetpath)
-
-        if set_attrs:
-            self.chown(tarinfo, targetpath, numeric_owner)
-            if not tarinfo.issym():
-                self.chmod(tarinfo, targetpath)
-                self.utime(tarinfo, targetpath)
-
-    #--------------------------------------------------------------------------
-    # Below are the different file methods. They are called via
-    # _extract_member() when extract() is called. They can be replaced in a
-    # subclass to implement other functionality.
-
-    def makedir(self, tarinfo, targetpath):
-        """Make a directory called targetpath.
-        """
-        try:
-            # Use a safe mode for the directory, the real mode is set
-            # later in _extract_member().
-            os.mkdir(targetpath, 0o700)
-        except FileExistsError:
-            pass
-
-    def makefile(self, tarinfo, targetpath):
-        """Make a file called targetpath.
-        """
-        source = self.fileobj
-        source.seek(tarinfo.offset_data)
-        bufsize = self.copybufsize
-        with bltn_open(targetpath, "wb") as target:
-            if tarinfo.sparse is not None:
-                for offset, size in tarinfo.sparse:
-                    target.seek(offset)
-                    copyfileobj(source, target, size, ReadError, bufsize)
-                target.seek(tarinfo.size)
-                target.truncate()
-            else:
-                copyfileobj(source, target, tarinfo.size, ReadError, bufsize)
-
-    def makeunknown(self, tarinfo, targetpath):
-        """Make a file from a TarInfo object with an unknown type
-           at targetpath.
-        """
-        self.makefile(tarinfo, targetpath)
-        self._dbg(1, "tarfile: Unknown file type %r, " \
-                     "extracted as regular file." % tarinfo.type)
-
-    def makefifo(self, tarinfo, targetpath):
-        """Make a fifo called targetpath.
-        """
-        if hasattr(os, "mkfifo"):
-            os.mkfifo(targetpath)
-        else:
-            raise ExtractError("fifo not supported by system")
-
-    def makedev(self, tarinfo, targetpath):
-        """Make a character or block device called targetpath.
-        """
-        if not hasattr(os, "mknod") or not hasattr(os, "makedev"):
-            raise ExtractError("special devices not supported by system")
-
-        mode = tarinfo.mode
-        if tarinfo.isblk():
-            mode |= stat.S_IFBLK
-        else:
-            mode |= stat.S_IFCHR
-
-        os.mknod(targetpath, mode,
-                 os.makedev(tarinfo.devmajor, tarinfo.devminor))
-
-    def makelink(self, tarinfo, targetpath):
-        """Make a (symbolic) link called targetpath. If it cannot be created
-          (platform limitation), we try to make a copy of the referenced file
-          instead of a link.
-        """
-        try:
-            # For systems that support symbolic and hard links.
-            if tarinfo.issym():
-                os.symlink(tarinfo.linkname, targetpath)
-            else:
-                # See extract().
-                if os.path.exists(tarinfo._link_target):
-                    os.link(tarinfo._link_target, targetpath)
-                else:
-                    self._extract_member(self._find_link_target(tarinfo),
-                                         targetpath)
-        except symlink_exception:
-            try:
-                self._extract_member(self._find_link_target(tarinfo),
-                                     targetpath)
-            except KeyError:
-                raise ExtractError("unable to resolve link inside archive")
-
-    def chown(self, tarinfo, targetpath, numeric_owner):
-        """Set owner of targetpath according to tarinfo. If numeric_owner
-           is True, use .gid/.uid instead of .gname/.uname. If numeric_owner
-           is False, fall back to .gid/.uid when the search based on name
-           fails.
-        """
-        if hasattr(os, "geteuid") and os.geteuid() == 0:
-            # We have to be root to do so.
-            g = tarinfo.gid
-            u = tarinfo.uid
-            if not numeric_owner:
-                try:
-                    if grp:
-                        g = grp.getgrnam(tarinfo.gname)[2]
-                except KeyError:
-                    pass
-                try:
-                    if pwd:
-                        u = pwd.getpwnam(tarinfo.uname)[2]
-                except KeyError:
-                    pass
-            try:
-                if tarinfo.issym() and hasattr(os, "lchown"):
-                    os.lchown(targetpath, u, g)
-                else:
-                    os.chown(targetpath, u, g)
-            except OSError:
-                raise ExtractError("could not change owner")
-
-    def chmod(self, tarinfo, targetpath):
-        """Set file permissions of targetpath according to tarinfo.
-        """
-        if hasattr(os, 'chmod'):
-            try:
-                os.chmod(targetpath, tarinfo.mode)
-            except OSError:
-                raise ExtractError("could not change mode")
-
-    def utime(self, tarinfo, targetpath):
-        """Set modification time of targetpath according to tarinfo.
-        """
-        if not hasattr(os, 'utime'):
-            return
-        try:
-            os.utime(targetpath, (tarinfo.mtime, tarinfo.mtime))
-        except OSError:
-            raise ExtractError("could not change modification time")
-
-    #--------------------------------------------------------------------------
-    def next(self):
-        """Return the next member of the archive as a TarInfo object, when
-           TarFile is opened for reading. Return None if there is no more
-           available.
-        """
-        self._check("ra")
-        if self.firstmember is not None:
-            m = self.firstmember
-            self.firstmember = None
-            return m
-
-        # Advance the file pointer.
-        if self.offset != self.fileobj.tell():
-            self.fileobj.seek(self.offset - 1)
-            if not self.fileobj.read(1):
-                raise ReadError("unexpected end of data")
-
-        # Read the next block.
-        tarinfo = None
-        while True:
-            try:
-                tarinfo = self.tarinfo.fromtarfile(self)
-            except EOFHeaderError as e:
-                if self.ignore_zeros:
-                    self._dbg(2, "0x%X: %s" % (self.offset, e))
-                    self.offset += BLOCKSIZE
-                    continue
-            except InvalidHeaderError as e:
-                if self.ignore_zeros:
-                    self._dbg(2, "0x%X: %s" % (self.offset, e))
-                    self.offset += BLOCKSIZE
-                    continue
-                elif self.offset == 0:
-                    raise ReadError(str(e))
-            except EmptyHeaderError:
-                if self.offset == 0:
-                    raise ReadError("empty file")
-            except TruncatedHeaderError as e:
-                if self.offset == 0:
-                    raise ReadError(str(e))
-            except SubsequentHeaderError as e:
-                raise ReadError(str(e))
-            break
-
-        if tarinfo is not None:
-            self.members.append(tarinfo)
-        else:
-            self._loaded = True
-
-        return tarinfo
-
-    #--------------------------------------------------------------------------
-    # Little helper methods:
-
-    def _getmember(self, name, tarinfo=None, normalize=False):
-        """Find an archive member by name from bottom to top.
-           If tarinfo is given, it is used as the starting point.
-        """
-        # Ensure that all members have been loaded.
-        members = self.getmembers()
-
-        # Limit the member search list up to tarinfo.
-        if tarinfo is not None:
-            members = members[:members.index(tarinfo)]
-
-        if normalize:
-            name = os.path.normpath(name)
-
-        for member in reversed(members):
-            if normalize:
-                member_name = os.path.normpath(member.name)
-            else:
-                member_name = member.name
-
-            if name == member_name:
-                return member
-
-    def _load(self):
-        """Read through the entire archive file and look for readable
-           members.
-        """
-        while True:
-            tarinfo = self.next()
-            if tarinfo is None:
-                break
-        self._loaded = True
-
-    def _check(self, mode=None):
-        """Check if TarFile is still open, and if the operation's mode
-           corresponds to TarFile's mode.
-        """
-        if self.closed:
-            raise OSError("%s is closed" % self.__class__.__name__)
-        if mode is not None and self.mode not in mode:
-            raise OSError("bad operation for mode %r" % self.mode)
-
-    def _find_link_target(self, tarinfo):
-        """Find the target member of a symlink or hardlink member in the
-           archive.
-        """
-        if tarinfo.issym():
-            # Always search the entire archive.
-            linkname = "/".join(filter(None, (os.path.dirname(tarinfo.name), tarinfo.linkname)))
-            limit = None
-        else:
-            # Search the archive before the link, because a hard link is
-            # just a reference to an already archived file.
-            linkname = tarinfo.linkname
-            limit = tarinfo
-
-        member = self._getmember(linkname, tarinfo=limit, normalize=True)
-        if member is None:
-            raise KeyError("linkname %r not found" % linkname)
-        return member
-
-    def __iter__(self):
-        """Provide an iterator object.
-        """
-        if self._loaded:
-            yield from self.members
-            return
-
-        # Yield items using TarFile's next() method.
-        # When all members have been read, set TarFile as _loaded.
-        index = 0
-        # Fix for SF #1100429: Under rare circumstances it can
-        # happen that getmembers() is called during iteration,
-        # which will have already exhausted the next() method.
-        if self.firstmember is not None:
-            tarinfo = self.next()
-            index += 1
-            yield tarinfo
-
-        while True:
-            if index < len(self.members):
-                tarinfo = self.members[index]
-            elif not self._loaded:
-                tarinfo = self.next()
-                if not tarinfo:
-                    self._loaded = True
-                    return
-            else:
-                return
-            index += 1
-            yield tarinfo
-
-    def _dbg(self, level, msg):
-        """Write debugging output to sys.stderr.
-        """
-        if level <= self.debug:
-            print(msg, file=sys.stderr)
-
-    def __enter__(self):
-        self._check()
-        return self
-
-    def __exit__(self, type, value, traceback):
-        if type is None:
-            self.close()
-        else:
-            # An exception occurred. We must not call close() because
-            # it would try to write end-of-archive blocks and padding.
-            if not self._extfileobj:
-                self.fileobj.close()
-            self.closed = True
-
-#--------------------
-# exported functions
-#--------------------
-def is_tarfile(name):
-    """Return True if name points to a tar archive that we
-       are able to handle, else return False.
-    """
-    try:
-        t = open(name)
-        t.close()
-        return True
-    except TarError:
-        return False
-
-open = TarFile.open
-
-
-def main():
-    import argparse
-
-    description = 'A simple command line interface for tarfile module.'
-    parser = argparse.ArgumentParser(description=description)
-    parser.add_argument('-v', '--verbose', action='store_true', default=False,
-                        help='Verbose output')
-    group = parser.add_mutually_exclusive_group()
-    group.add_argument('-l', '--list', metavar='<tarfile>',
-                       help='Show listing of a tarfile')
-    group.add_argument('-e', '--extract', nargs='+',
-                       metavar=('<tarfile>', '<output_dir>'),
-                       help='Extract tarfile into target dir')
-    group.add_argument('-c', '--create', nargs='+',
-                       metavar=('<name>', '<file>'),
-                       help='Create tarfile from sources')
-    group.add_argument('-t', '--test', metavar='<tarfile>',
-                       help='Test if a tarfile is valid')
-    args = parser.parse_args()
-
-    if args.test:
-        src = args.test
-        if is_tarfile(src):
-            with open(src, 'r') as tar:
-                tar.getmembers()
-                print(tar.getmembers(), file=sys.stderr)
-            if args.verbose:
-                print('{!r} is a tar archive.'.format(src))
-        else:
-            parser.exit(1, '{!r} is not a tar archive.\n'.format(src))
-
-    elif args.list:
-        src = args.list
-        if is_tarfile(src):
-            with TarFile.open(src, 'r:*') as tf:
-                tf.list(verbose=args.verbose)
-        else:
-            parser.exit(1, '{!r} is not a tar archive.\n'.format(src))
-
-    elif args.extract:
-        if len(args.extract) == 1:
-            src = args.extract[0]
-            curdir = os.curdir
-        elif len(args.extract) == 2:
-            src, curdir = args.extract
-        else:
-            parser.exit(1, parser.format_help())
-
-        if is_tarfile(src):
-            with TarFile.open(src, 'r:*') as tf:
-                tf.extractall(path=curdir)
-            if args.verbose:
-                if curdir == '.':
-                    msg = '{!r} file is extracted.'.format(src)
-                else:
-                    msg = ('{!r} file is extracted '
-                           'into {!r} directory.').format(src, curdir)
-                print(msg)
-        else:
-            parser.exit(1, '{!r} is not a tar archive.\n'.format(src))
-
-    elif args.create:
-        tar_name = args.create.pop(0)
-        _, ext = os.path.splitext(tar_name)
-        compressions = {
-            # gz
-            '.gz': 'gz',
-            '.tgz': 'gz',
-            # xz
-            '.xz': 'xz',
-            '.txz': 'xz',
-            # bz2
-            '.bz2': 'bz2',
-            '.tbz': 'bz2',
-            '.tbz2': 'bz2',
-            '.tb2': 'bz2',
-        }
-        tar_mode = 'w:' + compressions[ext] if ext in compressions else 'w'
-        tar_files = args.create
-
-        with TarFile.open(tar_name, tar_mode) as tf:
-            for file_name in tar_files:
-                tf.add(file_name)
-
-        if args.verbose:
-            print('{!r} file created.'.format(tar_name))
-
-    else:
-        parser.exit(1, parser.format_help())
-
-if __name__ == '__main__':
-    main()