com.googler.python 1.1.2 → 1.1.4

package/python3.6.2/lib/python3.6/pickle.py

@@ -1,1605 +0,0 @@
-"""Create portable serialized representations of Python objects.
-
-See module copyreg for a mechanism for registering custom picklers.
-See module pickletools source for extensive comments.
-
-Classes:
-
-    Pickler
-    Unpickler
-
-Functions:
-
-    dump(object, file)
-    dumps(object) -> string
-    load(file) -> object
-    loads(string) -> object
-
-Misc variables:
-
-    __version__
-    format_version
-    compatible_formats
-
-"""
-
-from types import FunctionType
-from copyreg import dispatch_table
-from copyreg import _extension_registry, _inverted_registry, _extension_cache
-from itertools import islice
-from functools import partial
-import sys
-from sys import maxsize
-from struct import pack, unpack
-import re
-import io
-import codecs
-import _compat_pickle
-
-__all__ = ["PickleError", "PicklingError", "UnpicklingError", "Pickler",
-           "Unpickler", "dump", "dumps", "load", "loads"]
-
-# Shortcut for use in isinstance testing
-bytes_types = (bytes, bytearray)
-
-# These are purely informational; no code uses these.
-format_version = "4.0"                  # File format version we write
-compatible_formats = ["1.0",            # Original protocol 0
-                      "1.1",            # Protocol 0 with INST added
-                      "1.2",            # Original protocol 1
-                      "1.3",            # Protocol 1 with BINFLOAT added
-                      "2.0",            # Protocol 2
-                      "3.0",            # Protocol 3
-                      "4.0",            # Protocol 4
-                      ]                 # Old format versions we can read
-
-# This is the highest protocol number we know how to read.
-HIGHEST_PROTOCOL = 4
-
-# The protocol we write by default.  May be less than HIGHEST_PROTOCOL.
-# We intentionally write a protocol that Python 2.x cannot read;
-# there are too many issues with that.
-DEFAULT_PROTOCOL = 3
-
-class PickleError(Exception):
-    """A common base class for the other pickling exceptions."""
-    pass
-
-class PicklingError(PickleError):
-    """This exception is raised when an unpicklable object is passed to the
-    dump() method.
-
-    """
-    pass
-
-class UnpicklingError(PickleError):
-    """This exception is raised when there is a problem unpickling an object,
-    such as a security violation.
-
-    Note that other exceptions may also be raised during unpickling, including
-    (but not necessarily limited to) AttributeError, EOFError, ImportError,
-    and IndexError.
-
-    """
-    pass
-
-# An instance of _Stop is raised by Unpickler.load_stop() in response to
-# the STOP opcode, passing the object that is the result of unpickling.
-class _Stop(Exception):
-    def __init__(self, value):
-        self.value = value
-
-# Jython has PyStringMap; it's a dict subclass with string keys
-try:
-    from org.python.core import PyStringMap
-except ImportError:
-    PyStringMap = None
-
-# Pickle opcodes.  See pickletools.py for extensive docs.  The listing
-# here is in kind-of alphabetical order of 1-character pickle code.
-# pickletools groups them by purpose.
-
-MARK           = b'('   # push special markobject on stack
-STOP           = b'.'   # every pickle ends with STOP
-POP            = b'0'   # discard topmost stack item
-POP_MARK       = b'1'   # discard stack top through topmost markobject
-DUP            = b'2'   # duplicate top stack item
-FLOAT          = b'F'   # push float object; decimal string argument
-INT            = b'I'   # push integer or bool; decimal string argument
-BININT         = b'J'   # push four-byte signed int
-BININT1        = b'K'   # push 1-byte unsigned int
-LONG           = b'L'   # push long; decimal string argument
-BININT2        = b'M'   # push 2-byte unsigned int
-NONE           = b'N'   # push None
-PERSID         = b'P'   # push persistent object; id is taken from string arg
-BINPERSID      = b'Q'   #  "       "         "  ;  "  "   "     "  stack
-REDUCE         = b'R'   # apply callable to argtuple, both on stack
-STRING         = b'S'   # push string; NL-terminated string argument
-BINSTRING      = b'T'   # push string; counted binary string argument
-SHORT_BINSTRING= b'U'   #  "     "   ;    "      "       "      " < 256 bytes
-UNICODE        = b'V'   # push Unicode string; raw-unicode-escaped'd argument
-BINUNICODE     = b'X'   #   "     "       "  ; counted UTF-8 string argument
-APPEND         = b'a'   # append stack top to list below it
-BUILD          = b'b'   # call __setstate__ or __dict__.update()
-GLOBAL         = b'c'   # push self.find_class(modname, name); 2 string args
-DICT           = b'd'   # build a dict from stack items
-EMPTY_DICT     = b'}'   # push empty dict
-APPENDS        = b'e'   # extend list on stack by topmost stack slice
-GET            = b'g'   # push item from memo on stack; index is string arg
-BINGET         = b'h'   #   "    "    "    "   "   "  ;   "    " 1-byte arg
-INST           = b'i'   # build & push class instance
-LONG_BINGET    = b'j'   # push item from memo on stack; index is 4-byte arg
-LIST           = b'l'   # build list from topmost stack items
-EMPTY_LIST     = b']'   # push empty list
-OBJ            = b'o'   # build & push class instance
-PUT            = b'p'   # store stack top in memo; index is string arg
-BINPUT         = b'q'   #   "     "    "   "   " ;   "    " 1-byte arg
-LONG_BINPUT    = b'r'   #   "     "    "   "   " ;   "    " 4-byte arg
-SETITEM        = b's'   # add key+value pair to dict
-TUPLE          = b't'   # build tuple from topmost stack items
-EMPTY_TUPLE    = b')'   # push empty tuple
-SETITEMS       = b'u'   # modify dict by adding topmost key+value pairs
-BINFLOAT       = b'G'   # push float; arg is 8-byte float encoding
-
-TRUE           = b'I01\n'  # not an opcode; see INT docs in pickletools.py
-FALSE          = b'I00\n'  # not an opcode; see INT docs in pickletools.py
-
-# Protocol 2
-
-PROTO          = b'\x80'  # identify pickle protocol
-NEWOBJ         = b'\x81'  # build object by applying cls.__new__ to argtuple
-EXT1           = b'\x82'  # push object from extension registry; 1-byte index
-EXT2           = b'\x83'  # ditto, but 2-byte index
-EXT4           = b'\x84'  # ditto, but 4-byte index
-TUPLE1         = b'\x85'  # build 1-tuple from stack top
-TUPLE2         = b'\x86'  # build 2-tuple from two topmost stack items
-TUPLE3         = b'\x87'  # build 3-tuple from three topmost stack items
-NEWTRUE        = b'\x88'  # push True
-NEWFALSE       = b'\x89'  # push False
-LONG1          = b'\x8a'  # push long from < 256 bytes
-LONG4          = b'\x8b'  # push really big long
-
-_tuplesize2code = [EMPTY_TUPLE, TUPLE1, TUPLE2, TUPLE3]
-
-# Protocol 3 (Python 3.x)
-
-BINBYTES       = b'B'   # push bytes; counted binary string argument
-SHORT_BINBYTES = b'C'   #  "     "   ;    "      "       "      " < 256 bytes
-
-# Protocol 4
-SHORT_BINUNICODE = b'\x8c'  # push short string; UTF-8 length < 256 bytes
-BINUNICODE8      = b'\x8d'  # push very long string
-BINBYTES8        = b'\x8e'  # push very long bytes string
-EMPTY_SET        = b'\x8f'  # push empty set on the stack
-ADDITEMS         = b'\x90'  # modify set by adding topmost stack items
-FROZENSET        = b'\x91'  # build frozenset from topmost stack items
-NEWOBJ_EX        = b'\x92'  # like NEWOBJ but work with keyword only arguments
-STACK_GLOBAL     = b'\x93'  # same as GLOBAL but using names on the stacks
-MEMOIZE          = b'\x94'  # store top of the stack in memo
-FRAME            = b'\x95'  # indicate the beginning of a new frame
-
-__all__.extend([x for x in dir() if re.match("[A-Z][A-Z0-9_]+$", x)])
-
-
-class _Framer:
-
-    _FRAME_SIZE_TARGET = 64 * 1024
-
-    def __init__(self, file_write):
-        self.file_write = file_write
-        self.current_frame = None
-
-    def start_framing(self):
-        self.current_frame = io.BytesIO()
-
-    def end_framing(self):
-        if self.current_frame and self.current_frame.tell() > 0:
-            self.commit_frame(force=True)
-            self.current_frame = None
-
-    def commit_frame(self, force=False):
-        if self.current_frame:
-            f = self.current_frame
-            if f.tell() >= self._FRAME_SIZE_TARGET or force:
-                with f.getbuffer() as data:
-                    n = len(data)
-                    write = self.file_write
-                    write(FRAME)
-                    write(pack("<Q", n))
-                    write(data)
-                f.seek(0)
-                f.truncate()
-
-    def write(self, data):
-        if self.current_frame:
-            return self.current_frame.write(data)
-        else:
-            return self.file_write(data)
-
-
-class _Unframer:
-
-    def __init__(self, file_read, file_readline, file_tell=None):
-        self.file_read = file_read
-        self.file_readline = file_readline
-        self.current_frame = None
-
-    def read(self, n):
-        if self.current_frame:
-            data = self.current_frame.read(n)
-            if not data and n != 0:
-                self.current_frame = None
-                return self.file_read(n)
-            if len(data) < n:
-                raise UnpicklingError(
-                    "pickle exhausted before end of frame")
-            return data
-        else:
-            return self.file_read(n)
-
-    def readline(self):
-        if self.current_frame:
-            data = self.current_frame.readline()
-            if not data:
-                self.current_frame = None
-                return self.file_readline()
-            if data[-1] != b'\n'[0]:
-                raise UnpicklingError(
-                    "pickle exhausted before end of frame")
-            return data
-        else:
-            return self.file_readline()
-
-    def load_frame(self, frame_size):
-        if self.current_frame and self.current_frame.read() != b'':
-            raise UnpicklingError(
-                "beginning of a new frame before end of current frame")
-        self.current_frame = io.BytesIO(self.file_read(frame_size))
-
-
-# Tools used for pickling.
-
-def _getattribute(obj, name):
-    for subpath in name.split('.'):
-        if subpath == '<locals>':
-            raise AttributeError("Can't get local attribute {!r} on {!r}"
-                                 .format(name, obj))
-        try:
-            parent = obj
-            obj = getattr(obj, subpath)
-        except AttributeError:
-            raise AttributeError("Can't get attribute {!r} on {!r}"
-                                 .format(name, obj))
-    return obj, parent
-
-def whichmodule(obj, name):
-    """Find the module an object belong to."""
-    module_name = getattr(obj, '__module__', None)
-    if module_name is not None:
-        return module_name
-    # Protect the iteration by using a list copy of sys.modules against dynamic
-    # modules that trigger imports of other modules upon calls to getattr.
-    for module_name, module in list(sys.modules.items()):
-        if module_name == '__main__' or module is None:
-            continue
-        try:
-            if _getattribute(module, name)[0] is obj:
-                return module_name
-        except AttributeError:
-            pass
-    return '__main__'
-
-def encode_long(x):
-    r"""Encode a long to a two's complement little-endian binary string.
-    Note that 0 is a special case, returning an empty string, to save a
-    byte in the LONG1 pickling context.
-
-    >>> encode_long(0)
-    b''
-    >>> encode_long(255)
-    b'\xff\x00'
-    >>> encode_long(32767)
-    b'\xff\x7f'
-    >>> encode_long(-256)
-    b'\x00\xff'
-    >>> encode_long(-32768)
-    b'\x00\x80'
-    >>> encode_long(-128)
-    b'\x80'
-    >>> encode_long(127)
-    b'\x7f'
-    >>>
-    """
-    if x == 0:
-        return b''
-    nbytes = (x.bit_length() >> 3) + 1
-    result = x.to_bytes(nbytes, byteorder='little', signed=True)
-    if x < 0 and nbytes > 1:
-        if result[-1] == 0xff and (result[-2] & 0x80) != 0:
-            result = result[:-1]
-    return result
-
-def decode_long(data):
-    r"""Decode a long from a two's complement little-endian binary string.
-
-    >>> decode_long(b'')
-    0
-    >>> decode_long(b"\xff\x00")
-    255
-    >>> decode_long(b"\xff\x7f")
-    32767
-    >>> decode_long(b"\x00\xff")
-    -256
-    >>> decode_long(b"\x00\x80")
-    -32768
-    >>> decode_long(b"\x80")
-    -128
-    >>> decode_long(b"\x7f")
-    127
-    """
-    return int.from_bytes(data, byteorder='little', signed=True)
-
-
-# Pickling machinery
-
-class _Pickler:
-
-    def __init__(self, file, protocol=None, *, fix_imports=True):
-        """This takes a binary file for writing a pickle data stream.
-
-        The optional *protocol* argument tells the pickler to use the
-        given protocol; supported protocols are 0, 1, 2, 3 and 4.  The
-        default protocol is 3; a backward-incompatible protocol designed
-        for Python 3.
-
-        Specifying a negative protocol version selects the highest
-        protocol version supported.  The higher the protocol used, the
-        more recent the version of Python needed to read the pickle
-        produced.
-
-        The *file* argument must have a write() method that accepts a
-        single bytes argument. It can thus be a file object opened for
-        binary writing, an io.BytesIO instance, or any other custom
-        object that meets this interface.
-
-        If *fix_imports* is True and *protocol* is less than 3, pickle
-        will try to map the new Python 3 names to the old module names
-        used in Python 2, so that the pickle data stream is readable
-        with Python 2.
-        """
-        if protocol is None:
-            protocol = DEFAULT_PROTOCOL
-        if protocol < 0:
-            protocol = HIGHEST_PROTOCOL
-        elif not 0 <= protocol <= HIGHEST_PROTOCOL:
-            raise ValueError("pickle protocol must be <= %d" % HIGHEST_PROTOCOL)
-        try:
-            self._file_write = file.write
-        except AttributeError:
-            raise TypeError("file must have a 'write' attribute")
-        self.framer = _Framer(self._file_write)
-        self.write = self.framer.write
-        self.memo = {}
-        self.proto = int(protocol)
-        self.bin = protocol >= 1
-        self.fast = 0
-        self.fix_imports = fix_imports and protocol < 3
-
-    def clear_memo(self):
-        """Clears the pickler's "memo".
-
-        The memo is the data structure that remembers which objects the
-        pickler has already seen, so that shared or recursive objects
-        are pickled by reference and not by value.  This method is
-        useful when re-using picklers.
-        """
-        self.memo.clear()
-
-    def dump(self, obj):
-        """Write a pickled representation of obj to the open file."""
-        # Check whether Pickler was initialized correctly. This is
-        # only needed to mimic the behavior of _pickle.Pickler.dump().
-        if not hasattr(self, "_file_write"):
-            raise PicklingError("Pickler.__init__() was not called by "
-                                "%s.__init__()" % (self.__class__.__name__,))
-        if self.proto >= 2:
-            self.write(PROTO + pack("<B", self.proto))
-        if self.proto >= 4:
-            self.framer.start_framing()
-        self.save(obj)
-        self.write(STOP)
-        self.framer.end_framing()
-
-    def memoize(self, obj):
-        """Store an object in the memo."""
-
-        # The Pickler memo is a dictionary mapping object ids to 2-tuples
-        # that contain the Unpickler memo key and the object being memoized.
-        # The memo key is written to the pickle and will become
-        # the key in the Unpickler's memo.  The object is stored in the
-        # Pickler memo so that transient objects are kept alive during
-        # pickling.
-
-        # The use of the Unpickler memo length as the memo key is just a
-        # convention.  The only requirement is that the memo values be unique.
-        # But there appears no advantage to any other scheme, and this
-        # scheme allows the Unpickler memo to be implemented as a plain (but
-        # growable) array, indexed by memo key.
-        if self.fast:
-            return
-        assert id(obj) not in self.memo
-        idx = len(self.memo)
-        self.write(self.put(idx))
-        self.memo[id(obj)] = idx, obj
-
-    # Return a PUT (BINPUT, LONG_BINPUT) opcode string, with argument i.
-    def put(self, idx):
-        if self.proto >= 4:
-            return MEMOIZE
-        elif self.bin:
-            if idx < 256:
-                return BINPUT + pack("<B", idx)
-            else:
-                return LONG_BINPUT + pack("<I", idx)
-        else:
-            return PUT + repr(idx).encode("ascii") + b'\n'
-
-    # Return a GET (BINGET, LONG_BINGET) opcode string, with argument i.
-    def get(self, i):
-        if self.bin:
-            if i < 256:
-                return BINGET + pack("<B", i)
-            else:
-                return LONG_BINGET + pack("<I", i)
-
-        return GET + repr(i).encode("ascii") + b'\n'
-
-    def save(self, obj, save_persistent_id=True):
-        self.framer.commit_frame()
-
-        # Check for persistent id (defined by a subclass)
-        pid = self.persistent_id(obj)
-        if pid is not None and save_persistent_id:
-            self.save_pers(pid)
-            return
-
-        # Check the memo
-        x = self.memo.get(id(obj))
-        if x is not None:
-            self.write(self.get(x[0]))
-            return
-
-        # Check the type dispatch table
-        t = type(obj)
-        f = self.dispatch.get(t)
-        if f is not None:
-            f(self, obj) # Call unbound method with explicit self
-            return
-
-        # Check private dispatch table if any, or else copyreg.dispatch_table
-        reduce = getattr(self, 'dispatch_table', dispatch_table).get(t)
-        if reduce is not None:
-            rv = reduce(obj)
-        else:
-            # Check for a class with a custom metaclass; treat as regular class
-            try:
-                issc = issubclass(t, type)
-            except TypeError: # t is not a class (old Boost; see SF #502085)
-                issc = False
-            if issc:
-                self.save_global(obj)
-                return
-
-            # Check for a __reduce_ex__ method, fall back to __reduce__
-            reduce = getattr(obj, "__reduce_ex__", None)
-            if reduce is not None:
-                rv = reduce(self.proto)
-            else:
-                reduce = getattr(obj, "__reduce__", None)
-                if reduce is not None:
-                    rv = reduce()
-                else:
-                    raise PicklingError("Can't pickle %r object: %r" %
-                                        (t.__name__, obj))
-
-        # Check for string returned by reduce(), meaning "save as global"
-        if isinstance(rv, str):
-            self.save_global(obj, rv)
-            return
-
-        # Assert that reduce() returned a tuple
-        if not isinstance(rv, tuple):
-            raise PicklingError("%s must return string or tuple" % reduce)
-
-        # Assert that it returned an appropriately sized tuple
-        l = len(rv)
-        if not (2 <= l <= 5):
-            raise PicklingError("Tuple returned by %s must have "
-                                "two to five elements" % reduce)
-
-        # Save the reduce() output and finally memoize the object
-        self.save_reduce(obj=obj, *rv)
-
-    def persistent_id(self, obj):
-        # This exists so a subclass can override it
-        return None
-
-    def save_pers(self, pid):
-        # Save a persistent id reference
-        if self.bin:
-            self.save(pid, save_persistent_id=False)
-            self.write(BINPERSID)
-        else:
-            try:
-                self.write(PERSID + str(pid).encode("ascii") + b'\n')
-            except UnicodeEncodeError:
-                raise PicklingError(
-                    "persistent IDs in protocol 0 must be ASCII strings")
-
-    def save_reduce(self, func, args, state=None, listitems=None,
-                    dictitems=None, obj=None):
-        # This API is called by some subclasses
-
-        if not isinstance(args, tuple):
-            raise PicklingError("args from save_reduce() must be a tuple")
-        if not callable(func):
-            raise PicklingError("func from save_reduce() must be callable")
-
-        save = self.save
-        write = self.write
-
-        func_name = getattr(func, "__name__", "")
-        if self.proto >= 2 and func_name == "__newobj_ex__":
-            cls, args, kwargs = args
-            if not hasattr(cls, "__new__"):
-                raise PicklingError("args[0] from {} args has no __new__"
-                                    .format(func_name))
-            if obj is not None and cls is not obj.__class__:
-                raise PicklingError("args[0] from {} args has the wrong class"
-                                    .format(func_name))
-            if self.proto >= 4:
-                save(cls)
-                save(args)
-                save(kwargs)
-                write(NEWOBJ_EX)
-            else:
-                func = partial(cls.__new__, cls, *args, **kwargs)
-                save(func)
-                save(())
-                write(REDUCE)
-        elif self.proto >= 2 and func_name == "__newobj__":
-            # A __reduce__ implementation can direct protocol 2 or newer to
-            # use the more efficient NEWOBJ opcode, while still
-            # allowing protocol 0 and 1 to work normally.  For this to
-            # work, the function returned by __reduce__ should be
-            # called __newobj__, and its first argument should be a
-            # class.  The implementation for __newobj__
-            # should be as follows, although pickle has no way to
-            # verify this:
-            #
-            # def __newobj__(cls, *args):
-            #     return cls.__new__(cls, *args)
-            #
-            # Protocols 0 and 1 will pickle a reference to __newobj__,
-            # while protocol 2 (and above) will pickle a reference to
-            # cls, the remaining args tuple, and the NEWOBJ code,
-            # which calls cls.__new__(cls, *args) at unpickling time
-            # (see load_newobj below).  If __reduce__ returns a
-            # three-tuple, the state from the third tuple item will be
-            # pickled regardless of the protocol, calling __setstate__
-            # at unpickling time (see load_build below).
-            #
-            # Note that no standard __newobj__ implementation exists;
-            # you have to provide your own.  This is to enforce
-            # compatibility with Python 2.2 (pickles written using
-            # protocol 0 or 1 in Python 2.3 should be unpicklable by
-            # Python 2.2).
-            cls = args[0]
-            if not hasattr(cls, "__new__"):
-                raise PicklingError(
-                    "args[0] from __newobj__ args has no __new__")
-            if obj is not None and cls is not obj.__class__:
-                raise PicklingError(
-                    "args[0] from __newobj__ args has the wrong class")
-            args = args[1:]
-            save(cls)
-            save(args)
-            write(NEWOBJ)
-        else:
-            save(func)
-            save(args)
-            write(REDUCE)
-
-        if obj is not None:
-            # If the object is already in the memo, this means it is
-            # recursive. In this case, throw away everything we put on the
-            # stack, and fetch the object back from the memo.
-            if id(obj) in self.memo:
-                write(POP + self.get(self.memo[id(obj)][0]))
-            else:
-                self.memoize(obj)
-
-        # More new special cases (that work with older protocols as
-        # well): when __reduce__ returns a tuple with 4 or 5 items,
-        # the 4th and 5th item should be iterators that provide list
-        # items and dict items (as (key, value) tuples), or None.
-
-        if listitems is not None:
-            self._batch_appends(listitems)
-
-        if dictitems is not None:
-            self._batch_setitems(dictitems)
-
-        if state is not None:
-            save(state)
-            write(BUILD)
-
-    # Methods below this point are dispatched through the dispatch table
-
-    dispatch = {}
-
-    def save_none(self, obj):
-        self.write(NONE)
-    dispatch[type(None)] = save_none
-
-    def save_bool(self, obj):
-        if self.proto >= 2:
-            self.write(NEWTRUE if obj else NEWFALSE)
-        else:
-            self.write(TRUE if obj else FALSE)
-    dispatch[bool] = save_bool
-
-    def save_long(self, obj):
-        if self.bin:
-            # If the int is small enough to fit in a signed 4-byte 2's-comp
-            # format, we can store it more efficiently than the general
-            # case.
-            # First one- and two-byte unsigned ints:
-            if obj >= 0:
-                if obj <= 0xff:
-                    self.write(BININT1 + pack("<B", obj))
-                    return
-                if obj <= 0xffff:
-                    self.write(BININT2 + pack("<H", obj))
-                    return
-            # Next check for 4-byte signed ints:
-            if -0x80000000 <= obj <= 0x7fffffff:
-                self.write(BININT + pack("<i", obj))
-                return
-        if self.proto >= 2:
-            encoded = encode_long(obj)
-            n = len(encoded)
-            if n < 256:
-                self.write(LONG1 + pack("<B", n) + encoded)
-            else:
-                self.write(LONG4 + pack("<i", n) + encoded)
-            return
-        self.write(LONG + repr(obj).encode("ascii") + b'L\n')
-    dispatch[int] = save_long
-
-    def save_float(self, obj):
-        if self.bin:
-            self.write(BINFLOAT + pack('>d', obj))
-        else:
-            self.write(FLOAT + repr(obj).encode("ascii") + b'\n')
-    dispatch[float] = save_float
-
-    def save_bytes(self, obj):
-        if self.proto < 3:
-            if not obj: # bytes object is empty
-                self.save_reduce(bytes, (), obj=obj)
-            else:
-                self.save_reduce(codecs.encode,
-                                 (str(obj, 'latin1'), 'latin1'), obj=obj)
-            return
-        n = len(obj)
-        if n <= 0xff:
-            self.write(SHORT_BINBYTES + pack("<B", n) + obj)
-        elif n > 0xffffffff and self.proto >= 4:
-            self.write(BINBYTES8 + pack("<Q", n) + obj)
-        else:
-            self.write(BINBYTES + pack("<I", n) + obj)
-        self.memoize(obj)
-    dispatch[bytes] = save_bytes
-
-    def save_str(self, obj):
-        if self.bin:
-            encoded = obj.encode('utf-8', 'surrogatepass')
-            n = len(encoded)
-            if n <= 0xff and self.proto >= 4:
-                self.write(SHORT_BINUNICODE + pack("<B", n) + encoded)
-            elif n > 0xffffffff and self.proto >= 4:
-                self.write(BINUNICODE8 + pack("<Q", n) + encoded)
-            else:
-                self.write(BINUNICODE + pack("<I", n) + encoded)
-        else:
-            obj = obj.replace("\\", "\\u005c")
-            obj = obj.replace("\n", "\\u000a")
-            self.write(UNICODE + obj.encode('raw-unicode-escape') +
-                       b'\n')
-        self.memoize(obj)
-    dispatch[str] = save_str
-
-    def save_tuple(self, obj):
-        if not obj: # tuple is empty
-            if self.bin:
-                self.write(EMPTY_TUPLE)
-            else:
-                self.write(MARK + TUPLE)
-            return
-
-        n = len(obj)
-        save = self.save
-        memo = self.memo
-        if n <= 3 and self.proto >= 2:
-            for element in obj:
-                save(element)
-            # Subtle.  Same as in the big comment below.
-            if id(obj) in memo:
-                get = self.get(memo[id(obj)][0])
-                self.write(POP * n + get)
-            else:
-                self.write(_tuplesize2code[n])
-                self.memoize(obj)
-            return
-
-        # proto 0 or proto 1 and tuple isn't empty, or proto > 1 and tuple
-        # has more than 3 elements.
-        write = self.write
-        write(MARK)
-        for element in obj:
-            save(element)
-
-        if id(obj) in memo:
-            # Subtle.  d was not in memo when we entered save_tuple(), so
-            # the process of saving the tuple's elements must have saved
-            # the tuple itself:  the tuple is recursive.  The proper action
-            # now is to throw away everything we put on the stack, and
-            # simply GET the tuple (it's already constructed).  This check
-            # could have been done in the "for element" loop instead, but
-            # recursive tuples are a rare thing.
-            get = self.get(memo[id(obj)][0])
-            if self.bin:
-                write(POP_MARK + get)
-            else:   # proto 0 -- POP_MARK not available
-                write(POP * (n+1) + get)
-            return
-
-        # No recursion.
-        write(TUPLE)
-        self.memoize(obj)
-
-    dispatch[tuple] = save_tuple
-
-    def save_list(self, obj):
-        if self.bin:
-            self.write(EMPTY_LIST)
-        else:   # proto 0 -- can't use EMPTY_LIST
-            self.write(MARK + LIST)
-
-        self.memoize(obj)
-        self._batch_appends(obj)
-
-    dispatch[list] = save_list
-
-    _BATCHSIZE = 1000
-
-    def _batch_appends(self, items):
-        # Helper to batch up APPENDS sequences
-        save = self.save
-        write = self.write
-
-        if not self.bin:
-            for x in items:
-                save(x)
-                write(APPEND)
-            return
-
-        it = iter(items)
-        while True:
-            tmp = list(islice(it, self._BATCHSIZE))
-            n = len(tmp)
-            if n > 1:
-                write(MARK)
-                for x in tmp:
-                    save(x)
-                write(APPENDS)
-            elif n:
-                save(tmp[0])
-                write(APPEND)
-            # else tmp is empty, and we're done
-            if n < self._BATCHSIZE:
-                return
-
-    def save_dict(self, obj):
-        if self.bin:
-            self.write(EMPTY_DICT)
-        else:   # proto 0 -- can't use EMPTY_DICT
-            self.write(MARK + DICT)
-
-        self.memoize(obj)
-        self._batch_setitems(obj.items())
-
-    dispatch[dict] = save_dict
-    if PyStringMap is not None:
-        dispatch[PyStringMap] = save_dict
-
-    def _batch_setitems(self, items):
-        # Helper to batch up SETITEMS sequences; proto >= 1 only
-        save = self.save
-        write = self.write
-
-        if not self.bin:
-            for k, v in items:
-                save(k)
-                save(v)
-                write(SETITEM)
-            return
-
-        it = iter(items)
-        while True:
-            tmp = list(islice(it, self._BATCHSIZE))
-            n = len(tmp)
-            if n > 1:
-                write(MARK)
-                for k, v in tmp:
-                    save(k)
-                    save(v)
-                write(SETITEMS)
-            elif n:
-                k, v = tmp[0]
-                save(k)
-                save(v)
-                write(SETITEM)
-            # else tmp is empty, and we're done
-            if n < self._BATCHSIZE:
-                return
-
-    def save_set(self, obj):
-        save = self.save
-        write = self.write
-
-        if self.proto < 4:
-            self.save_reduce(set, (list(obj),), obj=obj)
-            return
-
-        write(EMPTY_SET)
-        self.memoize(obj)
-
-        it = iter(obj)
-        while True:
-            batch = list(islice(it, self._BATCHSIZE))
-            n = len(batch)
-            if n > 0:
-                write(MARK)
-                for item in batch:
-                    save(item)
-                write(ADDITEMS)
-            if n < self._BATCHSIZE:
-                return
-    dispatch[set] = save_set
-
-    def save_frozenset(self, obj):
-        save = self.save
-        write = self.write
-
-        if self.proto < 4:
-            self.save_reduce(frozenset, (list(obj),), obj=obj)
-            return
-
-        write(MARK)
-        for item in obj:
-            save(item)
-
-        if id(obj) in self.memo:
-            # If the object is already in the memo, this means it is
-            # recursive. In this case, throw away everything we put on the
-            # stack, and fetch the object back from the memo.
-            write(POP_MARK + self.get(self.memo[id(obj)][0]))
-            return
-
-        write(FROZENSET)
-        self.memoize(obj)
-    dispatch[frozenset] = save_frozenset
-
-    def save_global(self, obj, name=None):
-        write = self.write
-        memo = self.memo
-
-        if name is None:
-            name = getattr(obj, '__qualname__', None)
-        if name is None:
-            name = obj.__name__
-
-        module_name = whichmodule(obj, name)
-        try:
-            __import__(module_name, level=0)
-            module = sys.modules[module_name]
-            obj2, parent = _getattribute(module, name)
-        except (ImportError, KeyError, AttributeError):
-            raise PicklingError(
-                "Can't pickle %r: it's not found as %s.%s" %
-                (obj, module_name, name))
-        else:
-            if obj2 is not obj:
-                raise PicklingError(
-                    "Can't pickle %r: it's not the same object as %s.%s" %
-                    (obj, module_name, name))
-
-        if self.proto >= 2:
-            code = _extension_registry.get((module_name, name))
-            if code:
-                assert code > 0
-                if code <= 0xff:
-                    write(EXT1 + pack("<B", code))
-                elif code <= 0xffff:
-                    write(EXT2 + pack("<H", code))
-                else:
-                    write(EXT4 + pack("<i", code))
-                return
-        lastname = name.rpartition('.')[2]
-        if parent is module:
-            name = lastname
-        # Non-ASCII identifiers are supported only with protocols >= 3.
-        if self.proto >= 4:
-            self.save(module_name)
-            self.save(name)
-            write(STACK_GLOBAL)
-        elif parent is not module:
-            self.save_reduce(getattr, (parent, lastname))
-        elif self.proto >= 3:
-            write(GLOBAL + bytes(module_name, "utf-8") + b'\n' +
-                  bytes(name, "utf-8") + b'\n')
-        else:
-            if self.fix_imports:
-                r_name_mapping = _compat_pickle.REVERSE_NAME_MAPPING
-                r_import_mapping = _compat_pickle.REVERSE_IMPORT_MAPPING
-                if (module_name, name) in r_name_mapping:
-                    module_name, name = r_name_mapping[(module_name, name)]
-                elif module_name in r_import_mapping:
-                    module_name = r_import_mapping[module_name]
-            try:
-                write(GLOBAL + bytes(module_name, "ascii") + b'\n' +
-                      bytes(name, "ascii") + b'\n')
-            except UnicodeEncodeError:
-                raise PicklingError(
-                    "can't pickle global identifier '%s.%s' using "
-                    "pickle protocol %i" % (module, name, self.proto))
-
-        self.memoize(obj)
-
-    def save_type(self, obj):
-        if obj is type(None):
-            return self.save_reduce(type, (None,), obj=obj)
-        elif obj is type(NotImplemented):
-            return self.save_reduce(type, (NotImplemented,), obj=obj)
-        elif obj is type(...):
-            return self.save_reduce(type, (...,), obj=obj)
-        return self.save_global(obj)
-
-    dispatch[FunctionType] = save_global
-    dispatch[type] = save_type
-
-
-# Unpickling machinery
-
-class _Unpickler:
-
-    def __init__(self, file, *, fix_imports=True,
-                 encoding="ASCII", errors="strict"):
-        """This takes a binary file for reading a pickle data stream.
-
-        The protocol version of the pickle is detected automatically, so
-        no proto argument is needed.
-
-        The argument *file* must have two methods, a read() method that
-        takes an integer argument, and a readline() method that requires
-        no arguments.  Both methods should return bytes.  Thus *file*
-        can be a binary file object opened for reading, an io.BytesIO
-        object, or any other custom object that meets this interface.
-
-        The file-like object must have two methods, a read() method
-        that takes an integer argument, and a readline() method that
-        requires no arguments.  Both methods should return bytes.
-        Thus file-like object can be a binary file object opened for
-        reading, a BytesIO object, or any other custom object that
-        meets this interface.
-
-        Optional keyword arguments are *fix_imports*, *encoding* and
-        *errors*, which are used to control compatibility support for
-        pickle stream generated by Python 2.  If *fix_imports* is True,
-        pickle will try to map the old Python 2 names to the new names
-        used in Python 3.  The *encoding* and *errors* tell pickle how
-        to decode 8-bit string instances pickled by Python 2; these
-        default to 'ASCII' and 'strict', respectively. *encoding* can be
-        'bytes' to read theses 8-bit string instances as bytes objects.
-        """
-        self._file_readline = file.readline
-        self._file_read = file.read
-        self.memo = {}
-        self.encoding = encoding
-        self.errors = errors
-        self.proto = 0
-        self.fix_imports = fix_imports
-
-    def load(self):
-        """Read a pickled object representation from the open file.
-
-        Return the reconstituted object hierarchy specified in the file.
-        """
-        # Check whether Unpickler was initialized correctly. This is
-        # only needed to mimic the behavior of _pickle.Unpickler.dump().
-        if not hasattr(self, "_file_read"):
-            raise UnpicklingError("Unpickler.__init__() was not called by "
-                                  "%s.__init__()" % (self.__class__.__name__,))
-        self._unframer = _Unframer(self._file_read, self._file_readline)
-        self.read = self._unframer.read
-        self.readline = self._unframer.readline
-        self.metastack = []
-        self.stack = []
-        self.append = self.stack.append
-        self.proto = 0
-        read = self.read
-        dispatch = self.dispatch
-        try:
-            while True:
-                key = read(1)
-                if not key:
-                    raise EOFError
-                assert isinstance(key, bytes_types)
-                dispatch[key[0]](self)
-        except _Stop as stopinst:
-            return stopinst.value
-
-    # Return a list of items pushed in the stack after last MARK instruction.
-    def pop_mark(self):
-        items = self.stack
-        self.stack = self.metastack.pop()
-        self.append = self.stack.append
-        return items
-
-    def persistent_load(self, pid):
-        raise UnpicklingError("unsupported persistent id encountered")
-
-    dispatch = {}
-
-    def load_proto(self):
-        proto = self.read(1)[0]
-        if not 0 <= proto <= HIGHEST_PROTOCOL:
-            raise ValueError("unsupported pickle protocol: %d" % proto)
-        self.proto = proto
-    dispatch[PROTO[0]] = load_proto
-
-    def load_frame(self):
-        frame_size, = unpack('<Q', self.read(8))
-        if frame_size > sys.maxsize:
-            raise ValueError("frame size > sys.maxsize: %d" % frame_size)
-        self._unframer.load_frame(frame_size)
-    dispatch[FRAME[0]] = load_frame
-
-    def load_persid(self):
-        try:
-            pid = self.readline()[:-1].decode("ascii")
-        except UnicodeDecodeError:
-            raise UnpicklingError(
-                "persistent IDs in protocol 0 must be ASCII strings")
-        self.append(self.persistent_load(pid))
-    dispatch[PERSID[0]] = load_persid
-
-    def load_binpersid(self):
-        pid = self.stack.pop()
-        self.append(self.persistent_load(pid))
-    dispatch[BINPERSID[0]] = load_binpersid
-
-    def load_none(self):
-        self.append(None)
-    dispatch[NONE[0]] = load_none
-
-    def load_false(self):
-        self.append(False)
-    dispatch[NEWFALSE[0]] = load_false
-
-    def load_true(self):
-        self.append(True)
-    dispatch[NEWTRUE[0]] = load_true
-
-    def load_int(self):
-        data = self.readline()
-        if data == FALSE[1:]:
-            val = False
-        elif data == TRUE[1:]:
-            val = True
-        else:
-            val = int(data, 0)
-        self.append(val)
-    dispatch[INT[0]] = load_int
-
-    def load_binint(self):
-        self.append(unpack('<i', self.read(4))[0])
-    dispatch[BININT[0]] = load_binint
-
-    def load_binint1(self):
-        self.append(self.read(1)[0])
-    dispatch[BININT1[0]] = load_binint1
-
-    def load_binint2(self):
-        self.append(unpack('<H', self.read(2))[0])
-    dispatch[BININT2[0]] = load_binint2
-
-    def load_long(self):
-        val = self.readline()[:-1]
-        if val and val[-1] == b'L'[0]:
-            val = val[:-1]
-        self.append(int(val, 0))
-    dispatch[LONG[0]] = load_long
-
-    def load_long1(self):
-        n = self.read(1)[0]
-        data = self.read(n)
-        self.append(decode_long(data))
-    dispatch[LONG1[0]] = load_long1
-
-    def load_long4(self):
-        n, = unpack('<i', self.read(4))
-        if n < 0:
-            # Corrupt or hostile pickle -- we never write one like this
-            raise UnpicklingError("LONG pickle has negative byte count")
-        data = self.read(n)
-        self.append(decode_long(data))
-    dispatch[LONG4[0]] = load_long4
-
-    def load_float(self):
-        self.append(float(self.readline()[:-1]))
-    dispatch[FLOAT[0]] = load_float
-
-    def load_binfloat(self):
-        self.append(unpack('>d', self.read(8))[0])
-    dispatch[BINFLOAT[0]] = load_binfloat
-
-    def _decode_string(self, value):
-        # Used to allow strings from Python 2 to be decoded either as
-        # bytes or Unicode strings.  This should be used only with the
-        # STRING, BINSTRING and SHORT_BINSTRING opcodes.
-        if self.encoding == "bytes":
-            return value
-        else:
-            return value.decode(self.encoding, self.errors)
-
-    def load_string(self):
-        data = self.readline()[:-1]
-        # Strip outermost quotes
-        if len(data) >= 2 and data[0] == data[-1] and data[0] in b'"\'':
-            data = data[1:-1]
-        else:
-            raise UnpicklingError("the STRING opcode argument must be quoted")
-        self.append(self._decode_string(codecs.escape_decode(data)[0]))
-    dispatch[STRING[0]] = load_string
-
-    def load_binstring(self):
-        # Deprecated BINSTRING uses signed 32-bit length
-        len, = unpack('<i', self.read(4))
-        if len < 0:
-            raise UnpicklingError("BINSTRING pickle has negative byte count")
-        data = self.read(len)
-        self.append(self._decode_string(data))
-    dispatch[BINSTRING[0]] = load_binstring
-
-    def load_binbytes(self):
-        len, = unpack('<I', self.read(4))
-        if len > maxsize:
-            raise UnpicklingError("BINBYTES exceeds system's maximum size "
-                                  "of %d bytes" % maxsize)
-        self.append(self.read(len))
-    dispatch[BINBYTES[0]] = load_binbytes
-
-    def load_unicode(self):
-        self.append(str(self.readline()[:-1], 'raw-unicode-escape'))
-    dispatch[UNICODE[0]] = load_unicode
-
-    def load_binunicode(self):
-        len, = unpack('<I', self.read(4))
-        if len > maxsize:
-            raise UnpicklingError("BINUNICODE exceeds system's maximum size "
-                                  "of %d bytes" % maxsize)
-        self.append(str(self.read(len), 'utf-8', 'surrogatepass'))
-    dispatch[BINUNICODE[0]] = load_binunicode
-
-    def load_binunicode8(self):
-        len, = unpack('<Q', self.read(8))
-        if len > maxsize:
-            raise UnpicklingError("BINUNICODE8 exceeds system's maximum size "
-                                  "of %d bytes" % maxsize)
-        self.append(str(self.read(len), 'utf-8', 'surrogatepass'))
-    dispatch[BINUNICODE8[0]] = load_binunicode8
-
-    def load_binbytes8(self):
-        len, = unpack('<Q', self.read(8))
-        if len > maxsize:
-            raise UnpicklingError("BINBYTES8 exceeds system's maximum size "
-                                  "of %d bytes" % maxsize)
-        self.append(self.read(len))
-    dispatch[BINBYTES8[0]] = load_binbytes8
-
-    def load_short_binstring(self):
-        len = self.read(1)[0]
-        data = self.read(len)
-        self.append(self._decode_string(data))
-    dispatch[SHORT_BINSTRING[0]] = load_short_binstring
-
-    def load_short_binbytes(self):
-        len = self.read(1)[0]
-        self.append(self.read(len))
-    dispatch[SHORT_BINBYTES[0]] = load_short_binbytes
-
-    def load_short_binunicode(self):
-        len = self.read(1)[0]
-        self.append(str(self.read(len), 'utf-8', 'surrogatepass'))
-    dispatch[SHORT_BINUNICODE[0]] = load_short_binunicode
-
-    def load_tuple(self):
-        items = self.pop_mark()
-        self.append(tuple(items))
-    dispatch[TUPLE[0]] = load_tuple
-
-    def load_empty_tuple(self):
-        self.append(())
-    dispatch[EMPTY_TUPLE[0]] = load_empty_tuple
-
-    def load_tuple1(self):
-        self.stack[-1] = (self.stack[-1],)
-    dispatch[TUPLE1[0]] = load_tuple1
-
-    def load_tuple2(self):
-        self.stack[-2:] = [(self.stack[-2], self.stack[-1])]
-    dispatch[TUPLE2[0]] = load_tuple2
-
-    def load_tuple3(self):
-        self.stack[-3:] = [(self.stack[-3], self.stack[-2], self.stack[-1])]
-    dispatch[TUPLE3[0]] = load_tuple3
-
-    def load_empty_list(self):
-        self.append([])
-    dispatch[EMPTY_LIST[0]] = load_empty_list
-
-    def load_empty_dictionary(self):
-        self.append({})
-    dispatch[EMPTY_DICT[0]] = load_empty_dictionary
-
-    def load_empty_set(self):
-        self.append(set())
-    dispatch[EMPTY_SET[0]] = load_empty_set
-
-    def load_frozenset(self):
-        items = self.pop_mark()
-        self.append(frozenset(items))
-    dispatch[FROZENSET[0]] = load_frozenset
-
-    def load_list(self):
-        items = self.pop_mark()
-        self.append(items)
-    dispatch[LIST[0]] = load_list
-
-    def load_dict(self):
-        items = self.pop_mark()
-        d = {items[i]: items[i+1]
-             for i in range(0, len(items), 2)}
-        self.append(d)
-    dispatch[DICT[0]] = load_dict
-
-    # INST and OBJ differ only in how they get a class object.  It's not
-    # only sensible to do the rest in a common routine, the two routines
-    # previously diverged and grew different bugs.
-    # klass is the class to instantiate, and k points to the topmost mark
-    # object, following which are the arguments for klass.__init__.
-    def _instantiate(self, klass, args):
-        if (args or not isinstance(klass, type) or
-            hasattr(klass, "__getinitargs__")):
-            try:
-                value = klass(*args)
-            except TypeError as err:
-                raise TypeError("in constructor for %s: %s" %
-                                (klass.__name__, str(err)), sys.exc_info()[2])
-        else:
-            value = klass.__new__(klass)
-        self.append(value)
-
-    def load_inst(self):
-        module = self.readline()[:-1].decode("ascii")
-        name = self.readline()[:-1].decode("ascii")
-        klass = self.find_class(module, name)
-        self._instantiate(klass, self.pop_mark())
-    dispatch[INST[0]] = load_inst
-
-    def load_obj(self):
-        # Stack is ... markobject classobject arg1 arg2 ...
-        args = self.pop_mark()
-        cls = args.pop(0)
-        self._instantiate(cls, args)
-    dispatch[OBJ[0]] = load_obj
-
-    def load_newobj(self):
-        args = self.stack.pop()
-        cls = self.stack.pop()
-        obj = cls.__new__(cls, *args)
-        self.append(obj)
-    dispatch[NEWOBJ[0]] = load_newobj
-
-    def load_newobj_ex(self):
-        kwargs = self.stack.pop()
-        args = self.stack.pop()
-        cls = self.stack.pop()
-        obj = cls.__new__(cls, *args, **kwargs)
-        self.append(obj)
-    dispatch[NEWOBJ_EX[0]] = load_newobj_ex
-
-    def load_global(self):
-        module = self.readline()[:-1].decode("utf-8")
-        name = self.readline()[:-1].decode("utf-8")
-        klass = self.find_class(module, name)
-        self.append(klass)
-    dispatch[GLOBAL[0]] = load_global
-
-    def load_stack_global(self):
-        name = self.stack.pop()
-        module = self.stack.pop()
-        if type(name) is not str or type(module) is not str:
-            raise UnpicklingError("STACK_GLOBAL requires str")
-        self.append(self.find_class(module, name))
-    dispatch[STACK_GLOBAL[0]] = load_stack_global
-
-    def load_ext1(self):
-        code = self.read(1)[0]
-        self.get_extension(code)
-    dispatch[EXT1[0]] = load_ext1
-
-    def load_ext2(self):
-        code, = unpack('<H', self.read(2))
-        self.get_extension(code)
-    dispatch[EXT2[0]] = load_ext2
-
-    def load_ext4(self):
-        code, = unpack('<i', self.read(4))
-        self.get_extension(code)
-    dispatch[EXT4[0]] = load_ext4
-
-    def get_extension(self, code):
-        nil = []
-        obj = _extension_cache.get(code, nil)
-        if obj is not nil:
-            self.append(obj)
-            return
-        key = _inverted_registry.get(code)
-        if not key:
-            if code <= 0: # note that 0 is forbidden
-                # Corrupt or hostile pickle.
-                raise UnpicklingError("EXT specifies code <= 0")
-            raise ValueError("unregistered extension code %d" % code)
-        obj = self.find_class(*key)
-        _extension_cache[code] = obj
-        self.append(obj)
-
-    def find_class(self, module, name):
-        # Subclasses may override this.
-        if self.proto < 3 and self.fix_imports:
-            if (module, name) in _compat_pickle.NAME_MAPPING:
-                module, name = _compat_pickle.NAME_MAPPING[(module, name)]
-            elif module in _compat_pickle.IMPORT_MAPPING:
-                module = _compat_pickle.IMPORT_MAPPING[module]
-        __import__(module, level=0)
-        if self.proto >= 4:
-            return _getattribute(sys.modules[module], name)[0]
-        else:
-            return getattr(sys.modules[module], name)
-
-    def load_reduce(self):
-        stack = self.stack
-        args = stack.pop()
-        func = stack[-1]
-        stack[-1] = func(*args)
-    dispatch[REDUCE[0]] = load_reduce
-
-    def load_pop(self):
-        if self.stack:
-            del self.stack[-1]
-        else:
-            self.pop_mark()
-    dispatch[POP[0]] = load_pop
-
-    def load_pop_mark(self):
-        self.pop_mark()
-    dispatch[POP_MARK[0]] = load_pop_mark
-
-    def load_dup(self):
-        self.append(self.stack[-1])
-    dispatch[DUP[0]] = load_dup
-
-    def load_get(self):
-        i = int(self.readline()[:-1])
-        self.append(self.memo[i])
-    dispatch[GET[0]] = load_get
-
-    def load_binget(self):
-        i = self.read(1)[0]
-        self.append(self.memo[i])
-    dispatch[BINGET[0]] = load_binget
-
-    def load_long_binget(self):
-        i, = unpack('<I', self.read(4))
-        self.append(self.memo[i])
-    dispatch[LONG_BINGET[0]] = load_long_binget
-
-    def load_put(self):
-        i = int(self.readline()[:-1])
-        if i < 0:
-            raise ValueError("negative PUT argument")
-        self.memo[i] = self.stack[-1]
-    dispatch[PUT[0]] = load_put
-
-    def load_binput(self):
-        i = self.read(1)[0]
-        if i < 0:
-            raise ValueError("negative BINPUT argument")
-        self.memo[i] = self.stack[-1]
-    dispatch[BINPUT[0]] = load_binput
-
-    def load_long_binput(self):
-        i, = unpack('<I', self.read(4))
-        if i > maxsize:
-            raise ValueError("negative LONG_BINPUT argument")
-        self.memo[i] = self.stack[-1]
-    dispatch[LONG_BINPUT[0]] = load_long_binput
-
-    def load_memoize(self):
-        memo = self.memo
-        memo[len(memo)] = self.stack[-1]
-    dispatch[MEMOIZE[0]] = load_memoize
-
-    def load_append(self):
-        stack = self.stack
-        value = stack.pop()
-        list = stack[-1]
-        list.append(value)
-    dispatch[APPEND[0]] = load_append
-
-    def load_appends(self):
-        items = self.pop_mark()
-        list_obj = self.stack[-1]
-        if isinstance(list_obj, list):
-            list_obj.extend(items)
-        else:
-            append = list_obj.append
-            for item in items:
-                append(item)
-    dispatch[APPENDS[0]] = load_appends
-
-    def load_setitem(self):
-        stack = self.stack
-        value = stack.pop()
-        key = stack.pop()
-        dict = stack[-1]
-        dict[key] = value
-    dispatch[SETITEM[0]] = load_setitem
-
-    def load_setitems(self):
-        items = self.pop_mark()
-        dict = self.stack[-1]
-        for i in range(0, len(items), 2):
-            dict[items[i]] = items[i + 1]
-    dispatch[SETITEMS[0]] = load_setitems
-
-    def load_additems(self):
-        items = self.pop_mark()
-        set_obj = self.stack[-1]
-        if isinstance(set_obj, set):
-            set_obj.update(items)
-        else:
-            add = set_obj.add
-            for item in items:
-                add(item)
-    dispatch[ADDITEMS[0]] = load_additems
-
-    def load_build(self):
-        stack = self.stack
-        state = stack.pop()
-        inst = stack[-1]
-        setstate = getattr(inst, "__setstate__", None)
-        if setstate is not None:
-            setstate(state)
-            return
-        slotstate = None
-        if isinstance(state, tuple) and len(state) == 2:
-            state, slotstate = state
-        if state:
-            inst_dict = inst.__dict__
-            intern = sys.intern
-            for k, v in state.items():
-                if type(k) is str:
-                    inst_dict[intern(k)] = v
-                else:
-                    inst_dict[k] = v
-        if slotstate:
-            for k, v in slotstate.items():
-                setattr(inst, k, v)
-    dispatch[BUILD[0]] = load_build
-
-    def load_mark(self):
-        self.metastack.append(self.stack)
-        self.stack = []
-        self.append = self.stack.append
-    dispatch[MARK[0]] = load_mark
-
-    def load_stop(self):
-        value = self.stack.pop()
-        raise _Stop(value)
-    dispatch[STOP[0]] = load_stop
-
-
-# Shorthands
-
-def _dump(obj, file, protocol=None, *, fix_imports=True):
-    _Pickler(file, protocol, fix_imports=fix_imports).dump(obj)
-
-def _dumps(obj, protocol=None, *, fix_imports=True):
-    f = io.BytesIO()
-    _Pickler(f, protocol, fix_imports=fix_imports).dump(obj)
-    res = f.getvalue()
-    assert isinstance(res, bytes_types)
-    return res
-
-def _load(file, *, fix_imports=True, encoding="ASCII", errors="strict"):
-    return _Unpickler(file, fix_imports=fix_imports,
-                     encoding=encoding, errors=errors).load()
-
-def _loads(s, *, fix_imports=True, encoding="ASCII", errors="strict"):
-    if isinstance(s, str):
-        raise TypeError("Can't load pickle from unicode string")
-    file = io.BytesIO(s)
-    return _Unpickler(file, fix_imports=fix_imports,
-                      encoding=encoding, errors=errors).load()
-
-# Use the faster _pickle if possible
-try:
-    from _pickle import (
-        PickleError,
-        PicklingError,
-        UnpicklingError,
-        Pickler,
-        Unpickler,
-        dump,
-        dumps,
-        load,
-        loads
-    )
-except ImportError:
-    Pickler, Unpickler = _Pickler, _Unpickler
-    dump, dumps, load, loads = _dump, _dumps, _load, _loads
-
-# Doctest
-def _test():
-    import doctest
-    return doctest.testmod()
-
-if __name__ == "__main__":
-    import argparse
-    parser = argparse.ArgumentParser(
-        description='display contents of the pickle files')
-    parser.add_argument(
-        'pickle_file', type=argparse.FileType('br'),
-        nargs='*', help='the pickle file')
-    parser.add_argument(
-        '-t', '--test', action='store_true',
-        help='run self-test suite')
-    parser.add_argument(
-        '-v', action='store_true',
-        help='run verbosely; only affects self-test run')
-    args = parser.parse_args()
-    if args.test:
-        _test()
-    else:
-        if not args.pickle_file:
-            parser.print_help()
-        else:
-            import pprint
-            for f in args.pickle_file:
-                obj = load(f)
-                pprint.pprint(obj)