@cubis/foundry 0.3.10

package/Ai Agent Workflow/skills/cli-developer/references/python-cli.md

@@ -0,0 +1,737 @@
+# Python CLI Development
+
+## Typer (Recommended Modern)
+
+Typer builds on Click with type hints and auto-completion. It's the recommended choice for new Python CLIs.
+
+```bash
+pip install typer[all] rich questionary
+```
+
+### Full Example
+
+```python
+#!/usr/bin/env python3
+"""mycli - A project scaffolding and deployment tool."""
+
+import typer
+from enum import Enum
+from pathlib import Path
+from typing import Optional, List
+from typing_extensions import Annotated
+
+app = typer.Typer(
+    name="mycli",
+    help="A project scaffolding and deployment tool.",
+    add_completion=True,
+    no_args_is_help=True,
+)
+
+
+class Template(str, Enum):
+    default = "default"
+    fastapi = "fastapi"
+    flask = "flask"
+    django = "django"
+
+
+class Environment(str, Enum):
+    staging = "staging"
+    production = "production"
+
+
+@app.command()
+def init(
+    name: Annotated[str, typer.Argument(help="Project name")],
+    template: Annotated[Template, typer.Option("--template", "-t", help="Project template")] = Template.default,
+    force: Annotated[bool, typer.Option("--force", "-f", help="Overwrite existing directory")] = False,
+    no_git: Annotated[bool, typer.Option("--no-git", help="Skip git initialization")] = False,
+):
+    """Create a new project from a template."""
+    from rich.console import Console
+    console = Console()
+
+    project_path = Path.cwd() / name
+    if project_path.exists() and not force:
+        console.print(f"[red]✗ Directory '{name}' already exists. Use --force to overwrite.[/red]")
+        raise typer.Exit(code=1)
+
+    console.print(f"[blue]ℹ[/blue] Creating project [bold]{name}[/bold] with template [bold]{template.value}[/bold]...")
+    # ... scaffolding logic ...
+    console.print(f"[green]✓[/green] Project [bold]{name}[/bold] created successfully!")
+    console.print(f"\n  [dim]$[/dim] cd {name}")
+    console.print(f"  [dim]$[/dim] python -m venv .venv && source .venv/bin/activate")
+    console.print(f"  [dim]$[/dim] pip install -e .[dev]\n")
+
+
+@app.command()
+def deploy(
+    env: Annotated[Environment, typer.Option("--env", "-e", help="Target environment")],
+    dry_run: Annotated[bool, typer.Option("--dry-run", help="Preview without deploying")] = False,
+    tag: Annotated[Optional[str], typer.Option("--tag", help="Deploy specific version tag")] = None,
+    timeout: Annotated[int, typer.Option("--timeout", help="Deployment timeout in seconds")] = 300,
+):
+    """Deploy to target environment."""
+    from rich.console import Console
+    console = Console()
+
+    if dry_run:
+        console.print(f"[yellow]⚠[/yellow] Dry run mode — no changes will be made")
+
+    console.print(f"[blue]ℹ[/blue] Deploying to [bold]{env.value}[/bold]...")
+    # ... deployment logic ...
+    console.print(f"[green]✓[/green] Deployed to {env.value}")
+
+
+# --- Nested command group ---
+config_app = typer.Typer(help="Manage configuration.")
+app.add_typer(config_app, name="config")
+
+
+@config_app.command("get")
+def config_get(
+    key: Annotated[str, typer.Argument(help="Configuration key")],
+):
+    """Get a configuration value."""
+    from rich.console import Console
+    console = Console()
+    # ... load config ...
+    console.print(f"  {key} = [bold]value[/bold]")
+
+
+@config_app.command("set")
+def config_set(
+    key: Annotated[str, typer.Argument(help="Configuration key")],
+    value: Annotated[str, typer.Argument(help="Configuration value")],
+):
+    """Set a configuration value."""
+    from rich.console import Console
+    console = Console()
+    # ... save config ...
+    console.print(f"[green]✓[/green] Set {key} = {value}")
+
+
+@config_app.command("list")
+def config_list(
+    json_output: Annotated[bool, typer.Option("--json", help="Output as JSON")] = False,
+):
+    """List all configuration values."""
+    # ... list config ...
+    pass
+
+
+def version_callback(value: bool):
+    if value:
+        from importlib.metadata import version
+        typer.echo(f"mycli {version('mycli')}")
+        raise typer.Exit()
+
+
+@app.callback()
+def main(
+    version: Annotated[
+        Optional[bool],
+        typer.Option("--version", "-V", callback=version_callback, is_eager=True, help="Show version"),
+    ] = None,
+):
+    """mycli - A project scaffolding and deployment tool."""
+    pass
+
+
+if __name__ == "__main__":
+    app()
+```
+
+---
+
+## Click (Widely Used)
+
+Click is the foundation Typer builds on. Use it when you need maximum control.
+
+```bash
+pip install click
+```
+
+```python
+import click
+
+
+@click.group()
+@click.version_option()
+@click.option("--verbose", "-v", is_flag=True, help="Enable verbose output")
+@click.pass_context
+def cli(ctx, verbose):
+    """mycli - A project scaffolding and deployment tool."""
+    ctx.ensure_object(dict)
+    ctx.obj["verbose"] = verbose
+
+
+@cli.command()
+@click.argument("name")
+@click.option("--template", "-t", type=click.Choice(["default", "fastapi", "flask"]), default="default")
+@click.option("--force", "-f", is_flag=True, help="Overwrite existing directory")
+def init(name, template, force):
+    """Create a new project from a template."""
+    click.echo(f"Creating project {name} with template {template}...")
+
+
+@cli.command()
+@click.option("--env", "-e", type=click.Choice(["staging", "production"]), required=True)
+@click.option("--dry-run", is_flag=True, help="Preview without deploying")
+def deploy(env, dry_run):
+    """Deploy to target environment."""
+    if dry_run:
+        click.secho("Dry run mode", fg="yellow")
+    click.echo(f"Deploying to {env}...")
+
+
+# Nested group
+@cli.group()
+def config():
+    """Manage configuration."""
+    pass
+
+
+@config.command("get")
+@click.argument("key")
+def config_get(key):
+    """Get a configuration value."""
+    click.echo(f"{key} = value")
+
+
+@config.command("set")
+@click.argument("key")
+@click.argument("value")
+def config_set(key, value):
+    """Set a configuration value."""
+    click.secho(f"✓ Set {key} = {value}", fg="green")
+
+
+if __name__ == "__main__":
+    cli()
+```
+
+---
+
+## Rich Terminal Output
+
+```bash
+pip install rich
+```
+
+```python
+from rich.console import Console
+from rich.table import Table
+from rich.panel import Panel
+from rich.syntax import Syntax
+from rich.progress import Progress, SpinnerColumn, TextColumn
+from rich import print as rprint
+
+console = Console()
+
+# --- Tables ---
+table = Table(title="Deployments")
+table.add_column("Environment", style="cyan")
+table.add_column("Status", style="green")
+table.add_column("Version", style="magenta")
+table.add_column("Last Deploy", style="dim")
+
+table.add_row("production", "✓ healthy", "v2.1.0", "2024-01-15 14:30")
+table.add_row("staging", "✓ healthy", "v2.2.0-rc1", "2024-01-16 09:15")
+table.add_row("development", "⚠ degraded", "v2.2.0-dev", "2024-01-16 11:00")
+
+console.print(table)
+
+# --- Panels ---
+console.print(Panel(
+    "[green]✓ Project created successfully![/green]\n\n"
+    "  [dim]$[/dim] cd my-project\n"
+    "  [dim]$[/dim] python -m venv .venv\n"
+    "  [dim]$[/dim] pip install -e .[dev]",
+    title="Next Steps",
+    border_style="green",
+))
+
+# --- Syntax highlighting ---
+code = '''
+from fastapi import FastAPI
+
+app = FastAPI()
+
+@app.get("/")
+async def root():
+    return {"message": "Hello World"}
+'''
+syntax = Syntax(code, "python", theme="monokai", line_numbers=True)
+console.print(Panel(syntax, title="Generated Code"))
+
+# --- Progress bars ---
+with Progress(
+    SpinnerColumn(),
+    TextColumn("[progress.description]{task.description}"),
+    transient=True,
+) as progress:
+    task = progress.add_task("Installing dependencies...", total=None)
+    # ... do work ...
+    progress.update(task, description="Building project...")
+    # ... do work ...
+    progress.update(task, description="Running tests...")
+    # ... do work ...
+
+console.print("[green]✓[/green] All tasks complete!")
+
+# --- Spinners (simple) ---
+with console.status("[bold blue]Deploying to production...") as status:
+    # ... step 1 ...
+    status.update("[bold blue]Running health checks...")
+    # ... step 2 ...
+    status.update("[bold blue]Updating DNS records...")
+    # ... step 3 ...
+
+console.print("[green]✓[/green] Deployment complete!")
+```
+
+---
+
+## Interactive Prompts with Questionary
+
+```bash
+pip install questionary
+```
+
+```python
+import questionary
+from questionary import Style
+
+# Custom style
+custom_style = Style([
+    ("qmark", "fg:cyan bold"),
+    ("question", "bold"),
+    ("answer", "fg:green bold"),
+    ("pointer", "fg:cyan bold"),
+    ("highlighted", "fg:cyan bold"),
+    ("selected", "fg:green"),
+])
+
+# Text input
+name = questionary.text(
+    "Project name:",
+    default="my-project",
+    validate=lambda val: True if val.replace("-", "").isalnum() else "Use only alphanumeric characters and hyphens",
+    style=custom_style,
+).ask()
+
+# Select (single choice)
+template = questionary.select(
+    "Select a template:",
+    choices=[
+        questionary.Choice("Default (minimal)", value="default"),
+        questionary.Choice("FastAPI", value="fastapi"),
+        questionary.Choice("Flask", value="flask"),
+        questionary.Choice("Django", value="django"),
+    ],
+    style=custom_style,
+).ask()
+
+# Checkbox (multiple choices)
+features = questionary.checkbox(
+    "Select features:",
+    choices=[
+        questionary.Choice("Type checking (mypy)", checked=True),
+        questionary.Choice("Linting (ruff)", checked=True),
+        questionary.Choice("Testing (pytest)"),
+        questionary.Choice("Docker"),
+        questionary.Choice("CI/CD (GitHub Actions)"),
+        questionary.Choice("Pre-commit hooks"),
+    ],
+    style=custom_style,
+).ask()
+
+# Confirm
+init_git = questionary.confirm(
+    "Initialize git repository?",
+    default=True,
+    style=custom_style,
+).ask()
+
+# Password
+api_key = questionary.password(
+    "Enter your API key:",
+    style=custom_style,
+).ask()
+
+# Handle Ctrl+C (returns None)
+if name is None:
+    print("\nOperation cancelled.")
+    raise SystemExit(130)
+```
+
+---
+
+## Argparse (Standard Library)
+
+Use argparse when you want zero dependencies.
+
+```python
+import argparse
+import sys
+
+
+def build_parser():
+    parser = argparse.ArgumentParser(
+        prog="mycli",
+        description="A project scaffolding and deployment tool.",
+        formatter_class=argparse.RawDescriptionHelpFormatter,
+        epilog="""
+examples:
+  %(prog)s init my-project --template fastapi
+  %(prog)s deploy --env production --dry-run
+  %(prog)s config set api_key sk-1234
+        """,
+    )
+    parser.add_argument("-V", "--version", action="version", version="%(prog)s 1.0.0")
+    parser.add_argument("-v", "--verbose", action="store_true", help="Enable verbose output")
+
+    subparsers = parser.add_subparsers(dest="command", help="Available commands")
+
+    # init
+    init_parser = subparsers.add_parser("init", help="Create a new project")
+    init_parser.add_argument("name", help="Project name")
+    init_parser.add_argument("-t", "--template", choices=["default", "fastapi", "flask"], default="default")
+    init_parser.add_argument("-f", "--force", action="store_true", help="Overwrite existing directory")
+
+    # deploy
+    deploy_parser = subparsers.add_parser("deploy", help="Deploy to target environment")
+    deploy_parser.add_argument("-e", "--env", required=True, choices=["staging", "production"])
+    deploy_parser.add_argument("--dry-run", action="store_true")
+    deploy_parser.add_argument("--timeout", type=int, default=300, help="Timeout in seconds")
+
+    # config
+    config_parser = subparsers.add_parser("config", help="Manage configuration")
+    config_sub = config_parser.add_subparsers(dest="config_command")
+
+    get_parser = config_sub.add_parser("get", help="Get a config value")
+    get_parser.add_argument("key", help="Configuration key")
+
+    set_parser = config_sub.add_parser("set", help="Set a config value")
+    set_parser.add_argument("key", help="Configuration key")
+    set_parser.add_argument("value", help="Configuration value")
+
+    # File input example
+    import_parser = subparsers.add_parser("import", help="Import configuration")
+    import_parser.add_argument("file", type=argparse.FileType("r"), help="Config file to import")
+
+    return parser
+
+
+def main():
+    parser = build_parser()
+    args = parser.parse_args()
+
+    if args.command is None:
+        parser.print_help()
+        sys.exit(2)
+
+    if args.command == "init":
+        print(f"Creating {args.name} with template {args.template}")
+    elif args.command == "deploy":
+        print(f"Deploying to {args.env}")
+    elif args.command == "config":
+        if args.config_command == "get":
+            print(f"{args.key} = value")
+        elif args.config_command == "set":
+            print(f"Set {args.key} = {args.value}")
+
+
+if __name__ == "__main__":
+    main()
+```
+
+---
+
+## Error Handling
+
+```python
+import sys
+import os
+from pathlib import Path
+from rich.console import Console
+
+console = Console(stderr=True)
+
+
+def handle_error(func):
+    """Decorator for CLI command error handling."""
+    def wrapper(*args, **kwargs):
+        try:
+            return func(*args, **kwargs)
+        except PermissionError as e:
+            console.print(f"\n  [red]✗ Permission denied:[/red] {e.filename}")
+            console.print(f"  [dim]Try running with sudo or check file permissions.[/dim]\n")
+            raise SystemExit(77)
+        except FileNotFoundError as e:
+            console.print(f"\n  [red]✗ File not found:[/red] {e.filename}")
+            console.print(f"  [dim]Make sure the path exists and is spelled correctly.[/dim]\n")
+            raise SystemExit(1)
+        except KeyboardInterrupt:
+            console.print(f"\n\n  [yellow]Operation cancelled.[/yellow]\n")
+            raise SystemExit(130)
+        except Exception as e:
+            console.print(f"\n  [red]✗ Error:[/red] {e}")
+            if os.environ.get("MYCLI_DEBUG"):
+                console.print_exception()
+            raise SystemExit(1)
+    return wrapper
+
+
+@handle_error
+def deploy(env: str, dry_run: bool = False):
+    """Deploy with proper error handling."""
+    config_path = Path.home() / ".mycli" / "config.json"
+    if not config_path.exists():
+        raise FileNotFoundError(config_path)
+
+    # ... deployment logic ...
+```
+
+---
+
+## Configuration Management
+
+```python
+import json
+import os
+from pathlib import Path
+from dataclasses import dataclass, field
+from typing import Optional
+
+
+@dataclass
+class Config:
+    env: str = "development"
+    port: int = 3000
+    verbose: bool = False
+    log_level: str = "info"
+    api_url: str = "https://api.example.com"
+
+    @classmethod
+    def load(cls, cli_overrides: Optional[dict] = None) -> "Config":
+        config = cls()
+
+        # 1. System config
+        config._merge_file(Path("/etc/mycli/config.json"))
+
+        # 2. User config
+        config._merge_file(Path.home() / ".mycli" / "config.json")
+
+        # 3. Project config
+        config._merge_file(Path.cwd() / "mycli.config.json")
+
+        # 4. Environment variables
+        env_map = {
+            "MYCLI_ENV": "env",
+            "MYCLI_PORT": "port",
+            "MYCLI_LOG_LEVEL": "log_level",
+            "MYCLI_API_URL": "api_url",
+        }
+        for env_var, attr in env_map.items():
+            value = os.environ.get(env_var)
+            if value is not None:
+                expected_type = type(getattr(config, attr))
+                if expected_type == int:
+                    value = int(value)
+                elif expected_type == bool:
+                    value = value.lower() in ("true", "1", "yes")
+                setattr(config, attr, value)
+
+        # 5. CLI flags (highest priority)
+        if cli_overrides:
+            for key, value in cli_overrides.items():
+                if value is not None and hasattr(config, key):
+                    setattr(config, key, value)
+
+        return config
+
+    def _merge_file(self, path: Path):
+        if path.exists():
+            try:
+                data = json.loads(path.read_text())
+                for key, value in data.items():
+                    if hasattr(self, key):
+                        setattr(self, key, value)
+            except (json.JSONDecodeError, OSError):
+                pass  # Skip invalid config files silently
+```
+
+---
+
+## pyproject.toml Setup
+
+```toml
+[build-system]
+requires = ["hatchling"]
+build-backend = "hatchling.build"
+
+[project]
+name = "mycli"
+version = "1.0.0"
+description = "A project scaffolding and deployment tool"
+readme = "README.md"
+requires-python = ">=3.10"
+license = "MIT"
+authors = [
+    { name = "Your Name", email = "you@example.com" },
+]
+keywords = ["cli", "scaffold", "deploy"]
+classifiers = [
+    "Development Status :: 4 - Beta",
+    "Environment :: Console",
+    "Intended Audience :: Developers",
+    "Programming Language :: Python :: 3",
+]
+dependencies = [
+    "typer[all]>=0.12.0",
+    "rich>=13.0.0",
+    "questionary>=2.0.0",
+]
+
+[project.optional-dependencies]
+dev = [
+    "pytest>=8.0.0",
+    "pytest-cov>=5.0.0",
+    "ruff>=0.4.0",
+    "mypy>=1.10.0",
+]
+
+[project.scripts]
+mycli = "mycli.cli:app"
+
+[tool.ruff]
+target-version = "py310"
+line-length = 120
+
+[tool.ruff.lint]
+select = ["E", "F", "I", "N", "W", "UP"]
+
+[tool.pytest.ini_options]
+testpaths = ["tests"]
+addopts = "-v --tb=short"
+
+[tool.mypy]
+python_version = "3.10"
+strict = true
+```
+
+---
+
+## Testing CLIs
+
+```python
+# tests/test_cli.py
+import pytest
+from typer.testing import CliRunner
+from mycli.cli import app
+
+runner = CliRunner()
+
+
+def test_version():
+    result = runner.invoke(app, ["--version"])
+    assert result.exit_code == 0
+    assert "1.0.0" in result.output
+
+
+def test_help():
+    result = runner.invoke(app, ["--help"])
+    assert result.exit_code == 0
+    assert "init" in result.output
+    assert "deploy" in result.output
+    assert "config" in result.output
+
+
+def test_init_creates_project(tmp_path, monkeypatch):
+    monkeypatch.chdir(tmp_path)
+    result = runner.invoke(app, ["init", "my-project", "--template", "default"])
+    assert result.exit_code == 0
+    assert "my-project" in result.output
+    assert (tmp_path / "my-project").exists()
+
+
+def test_init_with_template(tmp_path, monkeypatch):
+    monkeypatch.chdir(tmp_path)
+    result = runner.invoke(app, ["init", "api-project", "--template", "fastapi"])
+    assert result.exit_code == 0
+    assert (tmp_path / "api-project").exists()
+
+
+def test_init_fails_on_existing_dir(tmp_path, monkeypatch):
+    monkeypatch.chdir(tmp_path)
+    (tmp_path / "existing").mkdir()
+    result = runner.invoke(app, ["init", "existing"])
+    assert result.exit_code == 1
+    assert "already exists" in result.output
+
+
+def test_init_force_overwrites(tmp_path, monkeypatch):
+    monkeypatch.chdir(tmp_path)
+    (tmp_path / "existing").mkdir()
+    result = runner.invoke(app, ["init", "existing", "--force"])
+    assert result.exit_code == 0
+
+
+def test_deploy_requires_env():
+    result = runner.invoke(app, ["deploy"])
+    assert result.exit_code != 0
+    assert "--env" in result.output
+
+
+def test_invalid_command():
+    result = runner.invoke(app, ["nonexistent"])
+    assert result.exit_code != 0
+```
+
+---
+
+## Progress Bars with tqdm
+
+```bash
+pip install tqdm
+```
+
+```python
+from tqdm import tqdm
+import time
+
+# Simple progress bar
+for item in tqdm(range(100), desc="Processing"):
+    time.sleep(0.02)
+
+# Custom format
+for item in tqdm(
+    range(100),
+    desc="Downloading",
+    bar_format="{l_bar}{bar:30}{r_bar}",
+    colour="green",
+    unit="files",
+):
+    time.sleep(0.02)
+
+# Multiple bars
+from tqdm import tqdm
+import concurrent.futures
+
+tasks = {
+    "Frontend": 80,
+    "Backend": 120,
+    "Database": 50,
+}
+
+bars = {name: tqdm(total=total, desc=name, position=i) for i, (name, total) in enumerate(tasks.items())}
+
+# Simulate parallel progress
+for name, bar in bars.items():
+    for _ in range(bar.total):
+        time.sleep(0.01)
+        bar.update(1)
+    bar.close()
+```