@cubis/foundry 0.3.10

package/Ai Agent Workflow/workflows/agent-environment-setup/platforms/windsurf/skills/terraform-engineer/references/best-practices.md

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+# Terraform Best Practices
+
+## DRY Principles
+
+**Use Modules for Reusability**
+```hcl
+# Bad - Repeated code
+resource "aws_vpc" "app1" {
+  cidr_block = "10.0.0.0/16"
+  enable_dns_hostnames = true
+  tags = { Name = "app1-vpc", Environment = "prod" }
+}
+
+resource "aws_vpc" "app2" {
+  cidr_block = "10.1.0.0/16"
+  enable_dns_hostnames = true
+  tags = { Name = "app2-vpc", Environment = "prod" }
+}
+
+# Good - Use module
+module "vpc_app1" {
+  source = "./modules/vpc"
+
+  name       = "app1"
+  cidr_block = "10.0.0.0/16"
+  environment = "prod"
+}
+
+module "vpc_app2" {
+  source = "./modules/vpc"
+
+  name       = "app2"
+  cidr_block = "10.1.0.0/16"
+  environment = "prod"
+}
+```
+
+**Use Locals for Repeated Values**
+```hcl
+locals {
+  common_tags = {
+    Environment = var.environment
+    ManagedBy   = "Terraform"
+    Project     = var.project_name
+    CostCenter  = var.cost_center
+  }
+
+  name_prefix = "${var.project_name}-${var.environment}"
+
+  # Computed locals
+  vpc_cidr = var.environment == "production" ? "10.0.0.0/16" : "10.1.0.0/16"
+
+  # Complex data structures
+  availability_zones = slice(data.aws_availability_zones.available.names, 0, var.az_count)
+}
+
+resource "aws_vpc" "main" {
+  cidr_block = local.vpc_cidr
+  tags       = merge(local.common_tags, { Name = "${local.name_prefix}-vpc" })
+}
+```
+
+**Use Data Sources Instead of Hardcoding**
+```hcl
+# Bad - Hardcoded AMI
+resource "aws_instance" "web" {
+  ami           = "ami-0c55b159cbfafe1f0"
+  instance_type = "t3.micro"
+}
+
+# Good - Dynamic AMI lookup
+data "aws_ami" "amazon_linux_2" {
+  most_recent = true
+  owners      = ["amazon"]
+
+  filter {
+    name   = "name"
+    values = ["amzn2-ami-hvm-*-x86_64-gp2"]
+  }
+
+  filter {
+    name   = "virtualization-type"
+    values = ["hvm"]
+  }
+}
+
+resource "aws_instance" "web" {
+  ami           = data.aws_ami.amazon_linux_2.id
+  instance_type = "t3.micro"
+}
+```
+
+**Use for_each for Multiple Similar Resources**
+```hcl
+# Bad - Duplicated resources
+resource "aws_subnet" "private_1" {
+  vpc_id            = aws_vpc.main.id
+  cidr_block        = "10.0.1.0/24"
+  availability_zone = "us-east-1a"
+}
+
+resource "aws_subnet" "private_2" {
+  vpc_id            = aws_vpc.main.id
+  cidr_block        = "10.0.2.0/24"
+  availability_zone = "us-east-1b"
+}
+
+# Good - Use for_each
+variable "private_subnets" {
+  type = map(object({
+    cidr_block = string
+    az         = string
+  }))
+  default = {
+    subnet1 = { cidr_block = "10.0.1.0/24", az = "us-east-1a" }
+    subnet2 = { cidr_block = "10.0.2.0/24", az = "us-east-1b" }
+  }
+}
+
+resource "aws_subnet" "private" {
+  for_each = var.private_subnets
+
+  vpc_id            = aws_vpc.main.id
+  cidr_block        = each.value.cidr_block
+  availability_zone = each.value.az
+
+  tags = {
+    Name = "${var.name}-private-${each.key}"
+  }
+}
+```
+
+## Naming Conventions
+
+**Resource Naming**
+```hcl
+# Pattern: {resource_type}_{descriptive_name}
+
+# Good examples
+resource "aws_vpc" "main" {}
+resource "aws_subnet" "private" {}
+resource "aws_security_group" "web" {}
+resource "aws_instance" "app" {}
+
+# Avoid generic names
+resource "aws_vpc" "vpc" {}          # Bad
+resource "aws_subnet" "subnet" {}    # Bad
+resource "aws_vpc" "this" {}         # Use in modules only
+```
+
+**AWS Resource Name Tags**
+```hcl
+locals {
+  # Pattern: {project}-{environment}-{resource}-{identifier}
+  name_prefix = "${var.project_name}-${var.environment}"
+}
+
+resource "aws_vpc" "main" {
+  cidr_block = var.cidr_block
+
+  tags = merge(local.common_tags, {
+    Name = "${local.name_prefix}-vpc"
+  })
+}
+
+resource "aws_subnet" "private" {
+  for_each = var.private_subnets
+
+  vpc_id     = aws_vpc.main.id
+  cidr_block = each.value.cidr_block
+
+  tags = merge(local.common_tags, {
+    Name = "${local.name_prefix}-private-${each.key}"
+    Type = "private"
+  })
+}
+
+resource "aws_security_group" "web" {
+  name   = "${local.name_prefix}-web-sg"
+  vpc_id = aws_vpc.main.id
+
+  tags = merge(local.common_tags, {
+    Name = "${local.name_prefix}-web-sg"
+  })
+}
+```
+
+**Variable Naming**
+```hcl
+# Use snake_case for all names
+variable "instance_type" {}      # Good
+variable "instanceType" {}       # Bad
+variable "InstanceType" {}       # Bad
+
+# Be descriptive
+variable "vpc_cidr_block" {}     # Good
+variable "cidr" {}               # Too vague
+
+# Boolean variables should be questions
+variable "enable_nat_gateway" {} # Good
+variable "nat_gateway" {}        # Ambiguous
+
+# Plural for lists/maps
+variable "availability_zones" {} # Good
+variable "private_subnets" {}    # Good
+```
+
+**File Naming**
+```
+# Standard structure
+main.tf           # Primary resource definitions
+variables.tf      # Input variables
+outputs.tf        # Output values
+versions.tf       # Terraform and provider versions
+backend.tf        # Backend configuration (optional)
+locals.tf         # Local values (optional)
+data.tf           # Data sources (optional)
+
+# Resource-specific files for complex modules
+vpc.tf
+subnets.tf
+security_groups.tf
+route_tables.tf
+```
+
+## Security Best Practices
+
+**Secret Management**
+```hcl
+# Bad - Secrets in plain text
+variable "db_password" {
+  default = "SuperSecret123!"  # NEVER DO THIS
+}
+
+# Good - Use sensitive variables
+variable "db_password" {
+  description = "Database password"
+  type        = string
+  sensitive   = true
+  # No default - must be provided
+}
+
+# Better - Use secrets manager
+data "aws_secretsmanager_secret_version" "db_password" {
+  secret_id = "prod/db/password"
+}
+
+resource "aws_db_instance" "main" {
+  password = data.aws_secretsmanager_secret_version.db_password.secret_string
+}
+```
+
+**Encryption at Rest**
+```hcl
+# S3 bucket with encryption
+resource "aws_s3_bucket" "data" {
+  bucket = "my-data-bucket"
+}
+
+resource "aws_s3_bucket_server_side_encryption_configuration" "data" {
+  bucket = aws_s3_bucket.data.id
+
+  rule {
+    apply_server_side_encryption_by_default {
+      sse_algorithm     = "aws:kms"
+      kms_master_key_id = aws_kms_key.s3.arn
+    }
+    bucket_key_enabled = true
+  }
+}
+
+# EBS volume encryption
+resource "aws_ebs_volume" "data" {
+  availability_zone = "us-east-1a"
+  size              = 100
+  encrypted         = true
+  kms_key_id        = aws_kms_key.ebs.arn
+}
+
+# RDS encryption
+resource "aws_db_instance" "main" {
+  storage_encrypted   = true
+  kms_key_id          = aws_kms_key.rds.arn
+}
+```
+
+**Least Privilege IAM**
+```hcl
+# Bad - Overly permissive
+data "aws_iam_policy_document" "bad" {
+  statement {
+    effect    = "Allow"
+    actions   = ["*"]
+    resources = ["*"]
+  }
+}
+
+# Good - Specific permissions
+data "aws_iam_policy_document" "good" {
+  statement {
+    effect = "Allow"
+    actions = [
+      "s3:GetObject",
+      "s3:PutObject"
+    ]
+    resources = [
+      "${aws_s3_bucket.data.arn}/*"
+    ]
+  }
+
+  statement {
+    effect = "Allow"
+    actions = [
+      "s3:ListBucket"
+    ]
+    resources = [
+      aws_s3_bucket.data.arn
+    ]
+  }
+}
+```
+
+**Network Security**
+```hcl
+# Security group with restricted access
+resource "aws_security_group" "web" {
+  name        = "${var.name}-web-sg"
+  description = "Security group for web servers"
+  vpc_id      = aws_vpc.main.id
+
+  # Bad - Too permissive
+  # ingress {
+  #   from_port   = 0
+  #   to_port     = 65535
+  #   protocol    = "tcp"
+  #   cidr_blocks = ["0.0.0.0/0"]
+  # }
+
+  # Good - Specific rules
+  ingress {
+    description = "HTTPS from internet"
+    from_port   = 443
+    to_port     = 443
+    protocol    = "tcp"
+    cidr_blocks = ["0.0.0.0/0"]
+  }
+
+  ingress {
+    description     = "HTTP from ALB"
+    from_port       = 80
+    to_port         = 80
+    protocol        = "tcp"
+    security_groups = [aws_security_group.alb.id]
+  }
+
+  egress {
+    description = "All outbound"
+    from_port   = 0
+    to_port     = 0
+    protocol    = "-1"
+    cidr_blocks = ["0.0.0.0/0"]
+  }
+}
+```
+
+## Resource Tagging
+
+**Consistent Tagging Strategy**
+```hcl
+locals {
+  # Required tags for all resources
+  required_tags = {
+    Environment = var.environment
+    ManagedBy   = "Terraform"
+    Project     = var.project_name
+    CostCenter  = var.cost_center
+    Owner       = var.owner_email
+  }
+
+  # Optional tags
+  optional_tags = {
+    Repository = "github.com/org/repo"
+    Terraform  = "true"
+  }
+
+  # Merge all tags
+  common_tags = merge(local.required_tags, local.optional_tags, var.additional_tags)
+}
+
+# Use provider default tags
+provider "aws" {
+  region = var.aws_region
+
+  default_tags {
+    tags = local.common_tags
+  }
+}
+
+# Resource-specific tags
+resource "aws_instance" "app" {
+  ami           = data.aws_ami.amazon_linux_2.id
+  instance_type = var.instance_type
+
+  tags = merge(local.common_tags, {
+    Name = "${var.name}-app"
+    Role = "application"
+    Backup = "daily"
+  })
+}
+```
+
+## Cost Optimization
+
+**Cost-Aware Resource Sizing**
+```hcl
+variable "environment" {
+  type = string
+}
+
+locals {
+  # Environment-based sizing
+  instance_type = {
+    production  = "t3.large"
+    staging     = "t3.medium"
+    development = "t3.micro"
+  }
+
+  rds_instance_class = {
+    production  = "db.r5.xlarge"
+    staging     = "db.t3.medium"
+    development = "db.t3.micro"
+  }
+
+  enable_multi_az = var.environment == "production" ? true : false
+}
+
+resource "aws_instance" "app" {
+  instance_type = local.instance_type[var.environment]
+}
+
+resource "aws_db_instance" "main" {
+  instance_class = local.rds_instance_class[var.environment]
+  multi_az       = local.enable_multi_az
+}
+```
+
+**Lifecycle Management**
+```hcl
+resource "aws_instance" "app" {
+  ami           = data.aws_ami.amazon_linux_2.id
+  instance_type = var.instance_type
+
+  lifecycle {
+    create_before_destroy = true
+    prevent_destroy       = var.environment == "production"
+    ignore_changes        = [ami, user_data]
+  }
+}
+
+# S3 lifecycle rules for cost savings
+resource "aws_s3_bucket_lifecycle_configuration" "data" {
+  bucket = aws_s3_bucket.data.id
+
+  rule {
+    id     = "transition-to-ia"
+    status = "Enabled"
+
+    transition {
+      days          = 30
+      storage_class = "STANDARD_IA"
+    }
+
+    transition {
+      days          = 90
+      storage_class = "GLACIER"
+    }
+
+    expiration {
+      days = 365
+    }
+  }
+}
+```
+
+**Resource Scheduling**
+```hcl
+# Auto-scaling schedule for cost savings
+resource "aws_autoscaling_schedule" "scale_down_evening" {
+  scheduled_action_name  = "scale-down-evening"
+  min_size               = 1
+  max_size               = 1
+  desired_capacity       = 1
+  recurrence             = "0 20 * * MON-FRI"
+  autoscaling_group_name = aws_autoscaling_group.app.name
+}
+
+resource "aws_autoscaling_schedule" "scale_up_morning" {
+  scheduled_action_name  = "scale-up-morning"
+  min_size               = 3
+  max_size               = 10
+  desired_capacity       = 3
+  recurrence             = "0 7 * * MON-FRI"
+  autoscaling_group_name = aws_autoscaling_group.app.name
+}
+```
+
+## Code Organization
+
+**Directory Structure**
+```
+terraform/
+├── environments/
+│   ├── production/
+│   │   ├── main.tf
+│   │   ├── variables.tf
+│   │   ├── terraform.tfvars
+│   │   └── backend.tf
+│   ├── staging/
+│   └── development/
+├── modules/
+│   ├── vpc/
+│   ├── eks/
+│   └── rds/
+├── global/
+│   ├── iam/
+│   └── route53/
+└── README.md
+```
+
+**Module Best Practices**
+```hcl
+# Keep modules small and focused
+# modules/vpc/main.tf - Does ONE thing well
+
+# Clear input/output contracts
+# modules/vpc/variables.tf
+variable "cidr_block" {
+  description = "CIDR block for VPC"
+  type        = string
+  validation { ... }
+}
+
+# modules/vpc/outputs.tf
+output "vpc_id" {
+  description = "ID of the VPC"
+  value       = aws_vpc.this.id
+}
+
+# Version all modules
+# modules/vpc/versions.tf
+terraform {
+  required_version = ">= 1.5.0"
+  required_providers {
+    aws = {
+      source  = "hashicorp/aws"
+      version = "~> 5.0"
+    }
+  }
+}
+```
+
+## Best Practices Checklist
+
+- [ ] Use remote state with locking
+- [ ] Pin Terraform and provider versions
+- [ ] Validate all input variables
+- [ ] Use consistent naming conventions
+- [ ] Tag all resources for cost tracking
+- [ ] Encrypt sensitive data at rest and in transit
+- [ ] Implement least privilege IAM policies
+- [ ] Use modules for reusable components
+- [ ] Document module interfaces
+- [ ] Run terraform fmt before commit
+- [ ] Run terraform validate in CI/CD
+- [ ] Review plan output before apply
+- [ ] Use data sources instead of hardcoding
+- [ ] Implement automated testing
+- [ ] Use for_each instead of count
+- [ ] Avoid hardcoded secrets
+- [ ] Enable logging and monitoring
+- [ ] Implement cost optimization strategies
+- [ ] Use lifecycle rules appropriately
+- [ ] Keep modules focused and single-purpose