@crossbind/port-gdal-wasi 2.0.0-beta.50

package/dist/prebuilt/wasi-wasm32-st-release/share/man/man1/gdal-raster.1

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+.\" Man page generated from reStructuredText.
+.
+.
+.nr rst2man-indent-level 0
+.
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+-
+\\n[rst2man-indent0]
+\\n[rst2man-indent1]
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+..
+.de1 INDENT
+.\" .rstReportMargin pre:
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+. nr rst2man-indent-level +1
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+.de UNINDENT
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+.\" indent \\n[an-margin]
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+.\" new: \\n[rst2man-indent\\n[rst2man-indent-level]]
+.in \\n[rst2man-indent\\n[rst2man-indent-level]]u
+..
+.TH "GDAL-RASTER" "1" "Aug 18, 2026" "" "GDAL"
+.SH NAME
+gdal-raster \- Entry point for raster commands
+.sp
+Added in version 3.11.
+
+.SH SYNOPSIS
+.INDENT 0.0
+.INDENT 3.5
+.sp
+.EX
+Usage: gdal raster <SUBCOMMAND> [OPTIONS]
+where <SUBCOMMAND> is one of:
+  \- as\-features:     Create features from pixels of a raster dataset
+  \- aspect:          Generate an aspect map
+  \- blend:           Blend/compose two raster datasets
+  \- calc:            Perform raster algebra
+  \- clean\-collar:    Clean the collar of a raster dataset, removing noise.
+  \- clip:            Clip a raster dataset.
+  \- color\-map:       Generate a RGB or RGBA dataset from a single band, using a color map
+  \- compare:         Compare two raster datasets.
+  \- contour:         Creates a vector contour from a raster elevation model (DEM).
+  \- convert:         Convert a raster dataset.
+  \- create:          Create a new raster dataset.
+  \- edit:            Edit a raster dataset.
+  \- fill\-nodata:     Fill nodata raster regions by interpolation from edges.
+  \- footprint:       Compute the footprint of a raster dataset.
+  \- hillshade:       Generate a shaded relief map
+  \- index:           Create a vector index of raster datasets.
+  \- info:            Return information on a raster dataset.
+  \- mosaic:          Build a mosaic, either virtual (VRT) or materialized.
+  \- neighbors:       Compute the value of each pixel from its neighbors (focal statistics) (alias: neighbours)
+  \- nodata\-to\-alpha: Replace nodata value(s) with an alpha band.
+  \- overview:        Manage overviews of a raster dataset.
+  \- pansharpen:      Perform a pansharpen operation.
+  \- pipeline:        Process a raster dataset applying several steps.
+  \- pixel\-info:      Return information on a pixel of a raster dataset.
+  \- polygonize:      Create a polygon feature dataset from a raster band.
+  \- proximity:       Produces a raster proximity map.
+  \- reclassify:      Reclassify values in a raster dataset
+  \- reproject:       Reproject a raster dataset.
+  \- resize:          Resize a raster dataset without changing the georeferenced extents.
+  \- rgb\-to\-palette:  Convert a RGB image into a pseudo\-color / paletted image.
+  \- roughness:       Generate a roughness map
+  \- scale:           Scale the values of the bands of a raster dataset.
+  \- select:          Select a subset of bands from a raster dataset.
+  \- set\-type:        Modify the data type of bands of a raster dataset.
+  \- sieve:           Remove small polygons from a raster dataset.
+  \- slope:           Generate a slope map
+  \- stack:           Combine together input bands into a multi\-band output, either virtual (VRT) or materialized.
+  \- tile:            Generate tiles in separate files from a raster dataset.
+  \- tpi:             Generate a Topographic Position Index (TPI) map
+  \- tri:             Generate a Terrain Ruggedness Index (TRI) map
+  \- unscale:         Convert scaled values of a raster dataset into unscaled values.
+  \- update:          Update the destination raster with the content of the input one.
+  \- viewshed:        Compute the viewshed of a raster dataset.
+  \- zonal\-stats:     Calculate raster zonal statistics
+
+Common Options:
+  \-h, \-\-help              Display help message and exit
+  \-\-json\-usage            Display usage as JSON document and exit
+  \-\-config <KEY>=<VALUE>  Configuration option [may be repeated]
+
+Options:
+  \-\-drivers               Display raster driver list as JSON document
+.EE
+.UNINDENT
+.UNINDENT
+.SH AVAILABLE SUB-COMMANDS
+.INDENT 0.0
+.IP \(bu 2
+\fI\%gdal raster info\fP
+.IP \(bu 2
+\fI\%gdal raster aspect\fP
+.IP \(bu 2
+\fI\%gdal raster blend\fP
+.IP \(bu 2
+\fI\%gdal raster calc\fP
+.IP \(bu 2
+\fI\%gdal raster clean\-collar\fP
+.IP \(bu 2
+\fI\%gdal raster clip\fP
+.IP \(bu 2
+\fI\%gdal raster color\-map\fP
+.IP \(bu 2
+\fI\%gdal raster compare\fP
+.IP \(bu 2
+\fI\%gdal raster convert\fP
+.IP \(bu 2
+\fI\%gdal raster create\fP
+.IP \(bu 2
+\fI\%gdal raster footprint\fP
+.IP \(bu 2
+\fI\%gdal raster fill\-nodata\fP
+.IP \(bu 2
+\fI\%gdal raster hillshade\fP
+.IP \(bu 2
+\fI\%gdal raster index\fP
+.IP \(bu 2
+\fI\%gdal raster mosaic\fP
+.IP \(bu 2
+\fI\%gdal raster neighbors\fP
+.IP \(bu 2
+\fI\%gdal raster nodata\-to\-alpha\fP
+.IP \(bu 2
+\fI\%gdal raster overview\fP
+.IP \(bu 2
+\fI\%gdal raster pipeline\fP
+.IP \(bu 2
+\fI\%gdal raster pixel\-info\fP
+.IP \(bu 2
+\fI\%gdal raster polygonize\fP
+.IP \(bu 2
+\fI\%gdal raster proximity\fP
+.IP \(bu 2
+\fI\%gdal raster reproject\fP
+.IP \(bu 2
+\fI\%gdal raster resize\fP
+.IP \(bu 2
+\fI\%gdal raster rgb\-to\-palette\fP
+.IP \(bu 2
+\fI\%gdal raster roughness\fP
+.IP \(bu 2
+\fI\%gdal raster scale\fP
+.IP \(bu 2
+\fI\%gdal raster select\fP
+.IP \(bu 2
+\fI\%gdal raster sieve\fP
+.IP \(bu 2
+\fI\%gdal raster slope\fP
+.IP \(bu 2
+\fI\%gdal raster stack\fP
+.IP \(bu 2
+\fI\%gdal raster tile\fP
+.IP \(bu 2
+\fI\%gdal raster tpi\fP
+.IP \(bu 2
+\fI\%gdal raster tri\fP
+.IP \(bu 2
+\fI\%gdal raster unscale\fP
+.IP \(bu 2
+\fI\%gdal raster update\fP
+.IP \(bu 2
+\fI\%gdal raster viewshed\fP
+.UNINDENT
+.SH EXAMPLES
+.SS Example 1: Getting information on the file utm.tif (with text output)
+.INDENT 0.0
+.INDENT 3.5
+.sp
+.EX
+$ gdal raster info utm.tif
+.EE
+.UNINDENT
+.UNINDENT
+.SS Example 2: Converting file utm.tif to GeoPackage raster
+.INDENT 0.0
+.INDENT 3.5
+.sp
+.EX
+$ gdal raster convert utm.tif utm.gpkg
+.EE
+.UNINDENT
+.UNINDENT
+.SS Example 3: Getting the list of raster drivers (with JSON output)
+.INDENT 0.0
+.INDENT 3.5
+.sp
+.EX
+$ gdal raster \-\-drivers
+.EE
+.UNINDENT
+.UNINDENT
+.SH AUTHOR
+Even Rouault <even.rouault@spatialys.com>
+.SH COPYRIGHT
+1998-2026
+.\" Generated by docutils manpage writer.
+.

package/dist/prebuilt/wasi-wasm32-st-release/share/man/man1/gdal-vector-buffer.1

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+.\" Man page generated from reStructuredText.
+.
+.
+.nr rst2man-indent-level 0
+.
+.de1 rstReportMargin
+\\$1 \\n[an-margin]
+level \\n[rst2man-indent-level]
+level margin: \\n[rst2man-indent\\n[rst2man-indent-level]]
+-
+\\n[rst2man-indent0]
+\\n[rst2man-indent1]
+\\n[rst2man-indent2]
+..
+.de1 INDENT
+.\" .rstReportMargin pre:
+. RS \\$1
+. nr rst2man-indent\\n[rst2man-indent-level] \\n[an-margin]
+. nr rst2man-indent-level +1
+.\" .rstReportMargin post:
+..
+.de UNINDENT
+. RE
+.\" indent \\n[an-margin]
+.\" old: \\n[rst2man-indent\\n[rst2man-indent-level]]
+.nr rst2man-indent-level -1
+.\" new: \\n[rst2man-indent\\n[rst2man-indent-level]]
+.in \\n[rst2man-indent\\n[rst2man-indent-level]]u
+..
+.TH "GDAL-VECTOR-BUFFER" "1" "Aug 18, 2026" "" "GDAL"
+.SH NAME
+gdal-vector-buffer \- Compute a buffer around geometries of a vector dataset
+.sp
+Added in version 3.12.
+
+.SH SYNOPSIS
+.INDENT 0.0
+.INDENT 3.5
+.sp
+.EX
+Usage: gdal vector buffer [OPTIONS] <INPUT> <OUTPUT> <DISTANCE>
+
+Compute a buffer around geometries of a vector dataset.
+
+Positional arguments:
+  \-i, \-\-input <INPUT>                                  Input vector datasets [required] [not available in pipelines]
+  \-o, \-\-output <OUTPUT>                                Output vector dataset [required] [not available in pipelines]
+  \-\-distance <DISTANCE>                                Distance to which to extend the geometry. [required]
+
+Common Options:
+  \-h, \-\-help                                           Display help message and exit
+  \-\-json\-usage                                         Display usage as JSON document and exit
+  \-\-config <KEY>=<VALUE>                               Configuration option [may be repeated]
+  \-q, \-\-quiet                                          Quiet mode (no progress bar or warning message) [not available in pipelines]
+
+Options:
+  \-l, \-\-layer, \-\-input\-layer <INPUT\-LAYER>             Input layer name(s) [may be repeated] [not available in pipelines]
+  \-f, \-\-of, \-\-format, \-\-output\-format <OUTPUT\-FORMAT>  Output format (\(dqGDALG\(dq allowed) [not available in pipelines]
+  \-\-co, \-\-creation\-option <KEY>=<VALUE>                Creation option [may be repeated] [not available in pipelines]
+  \-\-lco, \-\-layer\-creation\-option <KEY>=<VALUE>         Layer creation option [may be repeated] [not available in pipelines]
+  \-\-overwrite                                          Whether overwriting existing output dataset is allowed [not available in pipelines]
+  \-\-update                                             Whether to open existing dataset in update mode [not available in pipelines]
+  \-\-overwrite\-layer                                    Whether overwriting existing output layer is allowed [not available in pipelines]
+  \-\-append                                             Whether appending to existing layer is allowed [not available in pipelines]
+                                                       Mutually exclusive with \-\-upsert
+  \-\-output\-layer <OUTPUT\-LAYER>                        Output layer name [not available in pipelines]
+  \-\-skip\-errors                                        Skip errors when writing features [not available in pipelines]
+  \-\-active\-layer <ACTIVE\-LAYER>                        Set active layer (if not specified, all)
+  \-\-active\-geometry <ACTIVE\-GEOMETRY>                  Geometry field name to which to restrict the processing (if not specified, all)
+  \-\-endcap\-style <ENDCAP\-STYLE>                        Endcap style.. ENDCAP\-STYLE=round|flat|square (default: round)
+  \-\-join\-style <JOIN\-STYLE>                            Join style.. JOIN\-STYLE=round|mitre|bevel (default: round)
+  \-\-mitre\-limit <MITRE\-LIMIT>                          Mitre ratio limit (only affects mitered join style). (default: 5)
+  \-\-quadrant\-segments <QUADRANT\-SEGMENTS>              Number of line segments used to approximate a quarter circle. (default: 8)
+  \-\-side <SIDE>                                        Sets whether the computed buffer should be single\-sided or not.. SIDE=both|left|right (default: both)
+
+Advanced Options:
+  \-\-if, \-\-input\-format <INPUT\-FORMAT>                  Input formats [may be repeated] [not available in pipelines]
+  \-\-oo, \-\-open\-option <KEY>=<VALUE>                    Open options [may be repeated] [not available in pipelines]
+  \-\-output\-oo, \-\-output\-open\-option <KEY>=<VALUE>      Output open options [may be repeated] [not available in pipelines]
+  \-\-upsert                                             Upsert features (implies \(aqappend\(aq) [not available in pipelines]
+                                                       Mutually exclusive with \-\-append
+.EE
+.UNINDENT
+.UNINDENT
+.SH DESCRIPTION
+.sp
+\fBgdal vector buffer\fP computes a POLYGON or MULTIPOLYGON that
+represents all points whose distance from a geometry/geography is less than or
+equal to a given distance. A negative distance shrinks the geometry rather than
+expanding it. A negative distance may shrink a polygon completely, in which case
+POLYGON EMPTY is returned. For points and lines negative distances always return
+empty results.
+.sp
+See the \X'tty: link https://postgis.net/docs/ST_Buffer.html'\fI\%PostGIS ST_Buffer docs\fP\X'tty: link' for additional graphical illustrations of the
+effect of the different parameters.
+.sp
+The output dataset is always written as \fBMULTIPOLYGON\fP, even when the input contains only simple \fBPOLYGON\fP geometries.
+Note that negative buffer distances may also produce \fBMULTIPOLYGON\fP results.
+.sp
+Using a buffer distance of 0 can sometimes repair invalid geometries, but the recommended approach is
+to use \fBgdal vector make\-valid\fP for reliable geometry validation and repair.
+.sp
+This command can also be used as a step of \fI\%gdal vector pipeline\fP\&.
+.SH GDALG OUTPUT (ON-THE-FLY / STREAMED DATASET)
+.sp
+This program supports serializing the command line as a JSON file using the \fBGDALG\fP output format.
+The resulting file can then be opened as a vector dataset using the
+\fI\%GDALG: GDAL Streamed Algorithm\fP driver, and apply the specified pipeline in a on\-the\-fly /
+streamed way.
+.sp
+\fBNOTE:\fP
+.INDENT 0.0
+.INDENT 3.5
+This command requires a GDAL build against the GEOS library.
+.UNINDENT
+.UNINDENT
+.SH PROGRAM-SPECIFIC OPTIONS
+.INDENT 0.0
+.TP
+.B \-\-distance <DISTANCE>
+Radius of the buffer around the input geometry.
+The unit of the distance is in georeferenced units of the source layer.
+.UNINDENT
+.INDENT 0.0
+.TP
+.B \-\-endcap\-style round|flat|square
+Specifies the end cap style of the generated buffer.
+Default is \fBround\fP\&.
+.INDENT 7.0
+.INDENT 2.5
+[image]
+Buffered lines with \fBendcap\-style=round\fP, \fBendcap\-style=flat\fP and \fBendcap\-style=square\fP.UNINDENT
+.UNINDENT
+.UNINDENT
+.INDENT 0.0
+.TP
+.B \-\-join\-style round|mitre|bevel
+Sets the join style for outside (reflex) corners between line segments.
+Default is \fBround\fP\&.
+.INDENT 7.0
+.INDENT 2.5
+[image]
+Buffered lines with \fBjoin\-style=round\fP, \fBjoin\-style=mitre\fP and \fBjoin\-style=bevel\fP.UNINDENT
+.UNINDENT
+.UNINDENT
+.INDENT 0.0
+.TP
+.B \-\-input\-layer <NAME>
+Specifies one or more layer names to read and process. By default, all
+layers will be read and processed. To read and write all layers but only
+process a subset, use \fI\%\-\-active\-layer\fP\&.
+.UNINDENT
+.INDENT 0.0
+.TP
+.B \-\-mitre\-limit <MITRE\-LIMIT>
+Sets the limit on the mitre ratio used for very sharp corners.
+This option only applies when \fBjoin\-style=mitre\fP is used.
+.sp
+Default is 5.
+.INDENT 7.0
+.INDENT 2.5
+[image]
+Lines with a \fBdistance=2\fP buffer, and \fBmitre\-limit=5\fP on the left, and \fBmitre\-limit=1\fP
+on the right.UNINDENT
+.UNINDENT
+.sp
+The mitre ratio is the ratio of the distance from the corner
+to the end of the mitred offset corner.
+When two line segments meet at a sharp angle,
+a miter join will extend far beyond the original geometry.
+(and in the extreme case will be infinitely far.)
+To prevent unreasonable geometry, the mitre limit
+allows controlling the maximum length of the join corner.
+Corners with a ratio which exceed the limit will be beveled.
+.UNINDENT
+.INDENT 0.0
+.TP
+.B \-\-output\-layer <NAME>
+Name of the layer to which output should be written. If not specified,
+the output layer will have the same name as the input layer.
+.UNINDENT
+.INDENT 0.0
+.TP
+.B \-\-quadrant\-segments <QUADRANT\-SEGMENTS>
+Sets the number of line segments used to approximate an angle fillet in round joins.
+.sp
+This determines the maximum error in the approximation to the true buffer curve.
+The default value of 8 gives less than 2% max error in the
+buffer distance.
+For a max error of < 1%, use QS = 12.
+For a max error of < 0.1%, use QS = 18.
+The error is always less than the buffer distance
+(in other words, the computed buffer curve is always inside
+the true curve).
+.INDENT 7.0
+.INDENT 2.5
+[image]
+Buffered points with \fBquadrant\-segments=4\fP and \fBquadrant\-segments=20\fP.UNINDENT
+.UNINDENT
+.UNINDENT
+.INDENT 0.0
+.TP
+.B \-\-side both|left|right
+Sets whether the computed buffer should be single\-sided or on both sides (default).
+.sp
+\fBleft\fP indicates that the buffer is generated on the left\-hand side of the line,
+and \fBright\fP indicates that the buffer is generated on the right\-hand side of the line,
+determined by the order of the line\(aqs vertices (i.e., the direction in which the line is drawn).
+.sp
+Single\-side buffering is only applicable to LINESTRING geometry and does not
+affect POINT or POLYGON geometries, and the end cap style is forced to square.
+.INDENT 7.0
+.INDENT 2.5
+[image]
+Buffered lines with  \fBside=both\fP, \fBside=left\fP and \fBside=right\fP.UNINDENT
+.UNINDENT
+.UNINDENT
+.SH STANDARD OPTIONS
+.INDENT 0.0
+.TP
+.B \-\-append
+Whether appending features to existing layer(s) is allowed.
+This also creates the output dataset if it does not exist yet.
+.UNINDENT
+.INDENT 0.0
+.TP
+.B \-\-active\-layer <ACTIVE\-LAYER>
+Set the active layer. When it is specified, only the layer specified by
+its name will be subject to the processing. Other layers will be not
+modified.
+If this option is not specified, all layers will be subject to the
+processing.
+.UNINDENT
+.INDENT 0.0
+.TP
+.B \-\-active\-geometry <ACTIVE\-GEOMETRY>
+Set the active geometry field from its name. When it is specified, only the
+specified geometry field will be subject to the processing. Other geometry
+fields will be not modified.
+If this option is not specified, all geometry fields will be subject to the
+processing.
+This option can be combined together with \fI\%\-\-active\-layer\fP\&.
+.UNINDENT
+.INDENT 0.0
+.TP
+.B \-\-co, \-\-creation\-option <NAME>=<VALUE>
+Many formats have one or more optional dataset creation options that can be
+used to control particulars about the file created. For instance,
+the GeoPackage driver supports creation options to control the version.
+.sp
+May be repeated.
+.sp
+The dataset creation options available vary by format driver, and some
+simple formats have no creation options at all. A list of options
+supported for a format can be listed with the
+\fI\%\-\-formats\fP
+command line option but the documentation for the format is the
+definitive source of information on driver creation options.
+See \fI\%Vector drivers\fP format
+specific documentation for legal creation options for each format.
+.sp
+Note that dataset creation options are different from layer creation options.
+.UNINDENT
+.INDENT 0.0
+.TP
+.B \-\-if, \-\-input\-format <format>
+Format/driver name to be attempted to open the input file(s). It is generally
+not necessary to specify it, but it can be used to skip automatic driver
+detection, when it fails to select the appropriate driver.
+This option can be repeated several times to specify several candidate drivers.
+Note that it does not force those drivers to open the dataset. In particular,
+some drivers have requirements on file extensions.
+.sp
+May be repeated.
+.UNINDENT
+.INDENT 0.0
+.TP
+.B \-\-lco, \-\-layer\-creation\-option <NAME>=<VALUE>
+Many formats have one or more optional layer creation options that can be
+used to control particulars about the layer created. For instance,
+the GeoPackage driver supports layer creation options to control the
+feature identifier or geometry column name, setting the identifier or
+description, etc.
+.sp
+May be repeated.
+.sp
+The layer creation options available vary by format driver, and some
+simple formats have no layer creation options at all. A list of options
+supported for a format can be listed with the
+\fI\%\-\-formats\fP
+command line option but the documentation for the format is the
+definitive source of information on driver creation options.
+See \fI\%Vector drivers\fP format
+specific documentation for legal creation options for each format.
+.sp
+Note that layer creation options are different from dataset creation options.
+.UNINDENT
+.INDENT 0.0
+.TP
+.B \-\-oo, \-\-open\-option <NAME>=<VALUE>
+Dataset open option (format specific).
+.sp
+May be repeated.
+.UNINDENT
+.INDENT 0.0
+.TP
+.B \-f, \-\-of, \-\-format, \-\-output\-format <OUTPUT\-FORMAT>
+Which output vector format to use. Allowed values may be given by
+\fBgdal \-\-formats | grep vector | grep rw | sort\fP
+.UNINDENT
+.INDENT 0.0
+.TP
+.B \-\-output\-open\-option, \-\-output\-oo <NAME>=<VALUE>
+Added in version 3.12.
+
+.sp
+Dataset open option for output dataset (format specific).
+.sp
+May be repeated.
+.UNINDENT
+.INDENT 0.0
+.TP
+.B \-\-overwrite
+Allow program to overwrite existing target file or dataset.
+Otherwise, by default, \fBgdal\fP errors out if the target file or
+dataset already exists.
+.UNINDENT
+.INDENT 0.0
+.TP
+.B \-\-overwrite\-layer
+Whether overwriting the existing output vector layer is allowed.
+.UNINDENT
+.INDENT 0.0
+.TP
+.B \-\-skip\-errors
+Added in version 3.12.
+
+.sp
+Whether failures to write feature(s) should be ignored. Note that this option
+sets the size of the transaction unit to one feature at a time, which may
+cause severe slowdown when inserting into databases.
+.UNINDENT
+.INDENT 0.0
+.TP
+.B \-\-update
+Whether to open an existing output dataset in update mode.
+.UNINDENT
+.INDENT 0.0
+.TP
+.B \-\-upsert
+Added in version 3.12.
+
+.sp
+Variant of \fI\%\-\-append\fP where the \fI\%OGRLayer::UpsertFeature()\fP
+operation is used to insert or update features instead of appending with
+\fI\%OGRLayer::CreateFeature()\fP\&.
+.sp
+This is currently implemented only in a few drivers:
+\fI\%GPKG \-\- GeoPackage vector\fP, \fI\%Elasticsearch: Geographically Encoded Objects for Elasticsearch\fP and \fI\%MongoDBv3\fP
+(drivers that implement upsert expose the \fI\%GDAL_DCAP_UPSERT\fP
+capability).
+.sp
+The upsert operation uses the FID of the input feature, when it is set
+(and the FID column name is not the empty string),
+as the key to update existing features. It is crucial to make sure that
+the FID in the source and target layers are consistent.
+.sp
+For the GPKG driver, it is also possible to upsert features whose FID is unset
+or non\-significant (the \fB\-\-unset\-fid\fP option of \fI\%gdal vector edit\fP
+can be used to ignore the FID from the source feature), when there is a
+UNIQUE column that is not the integer primary key.
+.UNINDENT
+.SH RETURN STATUS CODE
+.sp
+The program returns status code 0 in case of success, and non\-zero in case of
+error (non\-blocking errors emitted as warnings are considered as a successful
+execution).
+.SH EXAMPLES
+.SS Example 1: Compute a buffer of one km around input geometries (assuming the CRS is in meters)
+.INDENT 0.0
+.INDENT 3.5
+.sp
+.EX
+$ gdal vector buffer \-\-distance=1000 in.gpkg out.gpkg \-\-overwrite
+.EE
+.UNINDENT
+.UNINDENT
+.SS Example 2: Buffer a point dataset with 20 segments per quadrant (instead of default 8) to better approximate a circle
+.INDENT 0.0
+.INDENT 3.5
+.sp
+.EX
+$ gdal vector buffer \-\-distance=20 \-\-quadrant\-segments=20 points.gpkg point_buffers.gpkg
+.EE
+.UNINDENT
+.UNINDENT
+.SS Example 3: Buffer lines to the left using join and end cap styles
+.INDENT 0.0
+.INDENT 3.5
+.sp
+.EX
+$ gdal vector buffer \-\-distance=10 \-\-endcap\-style=flat \-\-side=left \-\-join\-style=mitre \-\-mitre\-limit=2 lines.gpkg lines\-buffer\-endcap.gpkg
+.EE
+.UNINDENT
+.UNINDENT
+.SS Example 4: Clip and buffer a zipped line dataset as part of a pipeline
+Bash
+.INDENT 0.0
+.INDENT 3.5
+.sp
+.EX
+gdal vector pipeline \e
+! read \(dq/vsizip/lines.zip\(dq \e
+! clip \-\-bbox 647903,6863599,648703,6864399 \e
+! buffer \-\-distance=5 \e
+! write line\-buffer.gpkg \-\-overwrite
+.EE
+.UNINDENT
+.UNINDENT
+PowerShell
+.INDENT 0.0
+.INDENT 3.5
+.sp
+.EX
+gdal vector pipeline \(ga
+! read \(dq/vsizip/lines.zip\(dq \(ga
+! clip \-\-bbox 647903,6863599,648703,6864399 \(ga
+! buffer \-\-distance=5 \(ga
+! write line\-buffer.gpkg \-\-overwrite
+.EE
+.UNINDENT
+.UNINDENT
+.SH AUTHOR
+Even Rouault <even.rouault@spatialys.com>
+.SH COPYRIGHT
+1998-2026
+.\" Generated by docutils manpage writer.
+.