wasmtime 22.0.0 → 23.0.2

data/ext/cargo-vendor/cranelift-isle-0.109.0/src/sema.rs

@@ -1,2492 +0,0 @@
-//! Semantic analysis.
-//!
-//! This module primarily contains the type environment and term environment.
-//!
-//! The type environment is constructed by analyzing an input AST. The type
-//! environment records the types used in the input source and the types of our
-//! various rules and symbols. ISLE's type system is intentionally easy to
-//! check, only requires a single pass over the AST, and doesn't require any
-//! unification or anything like that.
-//!
-//! The term environment is constructed from both the AST and type
-//! environment. It is sort of a typed and reorganized AST that more directly
-//! reflects ISLE semantics than the input ISLE source code (where as the AST is
-//! the opposite).
-
-use crate::ast;
-use crate::error::*;
-use crate::lexer::Pos;
-use crate::log;
-use crate::stablemapset::{StableMap, StableSet};
-use std::collections::hash_map::Entry;
-use std::collections::BTreeMap;
-use std::collections::BTreeSet;
-use std::collections::HashMap;
-use std::sync::Arc;
-
-declare_id!(
-    /// The id of an interned symbol.
-    Sym
-);
-declare_id!(
-    /// The id of an interned type inside the `TypeEnv`.
-    TypeId
-);
-declare_id!(
-    /// The id of a variant inside an enum.
-    VariantId
-);
-declare_id!(
-    /// The id of a field inside a variant.
-    FieldId
-);
-declare_id!(
-    /// The id of an interned term inside the `TermEnv`.
-    TermId
-);
-declare_id!(
-    /// The id of an interned rule inside the `TermEnv`.
-    RuleId
-);
-declare_id!(
-    /// The id of a bound variable inside a `Bindings`.
-    VarId
-);
-
-/// The type environment.
-///
-/// Keeps track of which symbols and rules have which types.
-#[derive(Debug)]
-pub struct TypeEnv {
-    /// Arena of input ISLE source filenames.
-    ///
-    /// We refer to these indirectly through the `Pos::file` indices.
-    pub filenames: Vec<Arc<str>>,
-
-    /// Arena of input ISLE source contents.
-    ///
-    /// We refer to these indirectly through the `Pos::file` indices.
-    pub file_texts: Vec<Arc<str>>,
-
-    /// Arena of interned symbol names.
-    ///
-    /// Referred to indirectly via `Sym` indices.
-    pub syms: Vec<String>,
-
-    /// Map of already-interned symbol names to their `Sym` ids.
-    pub sym_map: StableMap<String, Sym>,
-
-    /// Arena of type definitions.
-    ///
-    /// Referred to indirectly via `TypeId`s.
-    pub types: Vec<Type>,
-
-    /// A map from a type name symbol to its `TypeId`.
-    pub type_map: StableMap<Sym, TypeId>,
-
-    /// The types of constant symbols.
-    pub const_types: StableMap<Sym, TypeId>,
-
-    /// Type errors that we've found so far during type checking.
-    pub errors: Vec<Error>,
-}
-
-/// A type.
-#[derive(Clone, Debug, PartialEq, Eq)]
-pub enum Type {
-    /// A primitive, `Copy` type.
-    ///
-    /// These are always defined externally, and we allow literals of these
-    /// types to pass through from ISLE source code to the emitted Rust code.
-    Primitive(TypeId, Sym, Pos),
-
-    /// A sum type.
-    ///
-    /// Note that enums with only one variant are equivalent to a "struct".
-    Enum {
-        /// The name of this enum.
-        name: Sym,
-        /// This `enum`'s type id.
-        id: TypeId,
-        /// Is this `enum` defined in external Rust code?
-        ///
-        /// If so, ISLE will not emit a definition for it. If not, then it will
-        /// emit a Rust definition for it.
-        is_extern: bool,
-        /// Whether this type should *not* derive `Debug`.
-        ///
-        /// Incompatible with `is_extern`.
-        is_nodebug: bool,
-        /// The different variants for this enum.
-        variants: Vec<Variant>,
-        /// The ISLE source position where this `enum` is defined.
-        pos: Pos,
-    },
-}
-
-impl Type {
-    /// Get the name of this `Type`.
-    pub fn name<'a>(&self, tyenv: &'a TypeEnv) -> &'a str {
-        match self {
-            Self::Primitive(_, name, _) | Self::Enum { name, .. } => &tyenv.syms[name.index()],
-        }
-    }
-
-    /// Get the position where this type was defined.
-    pub fn pos(&self) -> Pos {
-        match self {
-            Self::Primitive(_, _, pos) | Self::Enum { pos, .. } => *pos,
-        }
-    }
-
-    /// Is this a primitive type?
-    pub fn is_prim(&self) -> bool {
-        matches!(self, Type::Primitive(..))
-    }
-}
-
-/// A variant of an enum.
-#[derive(Clone, Debug, PartialEq, Eq)]
-pub struct Variant {
-    /// The name of this variant.
-    pub name: Sym,
-
-    /// The full, prefixed-with-the-enum's-name name of this variant.
-    ///
-    /// E.g. if the enum is `Foo` and this variant is `Bar`, then the
-    /// `fullname` is `Foo.Bar`.
-    pub fullname: Sym,
-
-    /// The id of this variant, i.e. the index of this variant within its
-    /// enum's `Type::Enum::variants`.
-    pub id: VariantId,
-
-    /// The data fields of this enum variant.
-    pub fields: Vec<Field>,
-}
-
-/// A field of a `Variant`.
-#[derive(Clone, Debug, PartialEq, Eq)]
-pub struct Field {
-    /// The name of this field.
-    pub name: Sym,
-    /// This field's id.
-    pub id: FieldId,
-    /// The type of this field.
-    pub ty: TypeId,
-}
-
-/// The term environment.
-///
-/// This is sort of a typed and reorganized AST that more directly reflects ISLE
-/// semantics than the input ISLE source code (where as the AST is the
-/// opposite).
-#[derive(Clone, Debug)]
-pub struct TermEnv {
-    /// Arena of interned terms defined in this ISLE program.
-    ///
-    /// This is indexed by `TermId`.
-    pub terms: Vec<Term>,
-
-    /// A map from am interned `Term`'s name to its `TermId`.
-    pub term_map: StableMap<Sym, TermId>,
-
-    /// Arena of interned rules defined in this ISLE program.
-    ///
-    /// This is indexed by `RuleId`.
-    pub rules: Vec<Rule>,
-
-    /// Map from (inner_ty, outer_ty) pairs to term IDs, giving the
-    /// defined implicit type-converter terms we can try to use to fit
-    /// types together.
-    pub converters: StableMap<(TypeId, TypeId), TermId>,
-}
-
-/// A term.
-///
-/// Maps parameter types to result types if this is a constructor term, or
-/// result types to parameter types if this is an extractor term. Or both if
-/// this term can be either a constructor or an extractor.
-#[derive(Clone, Debug, PartialEq, Eq)]
-pub struct Term {
-    /// This term's id.
-    pub id: TermId,
-    /// The source position where this term was declared.
-    pub decl_pos: Pos,
-    /// The name of this term.
-    pub name: Sym,
-    /// The parameter types to this term.
-    pub arg_tys: Vec<TypeId>,
-    /// The result types of this term.
-    pub ret_ty: TypeId,
-    /// The kind of this term.
-    pub kind: TermKind,
-}
-
-/// Flags from a term's declaration with `(decl ...)`.
-#[derive(Clone, Debug, PartialEq, Eq)]
-pub struct TermFlags {
-    /// Whether the term is marked as `pure`.
-    pub pure: bool,
-    /// Whether the term is marked as `multi`.
-    pub multi: bool,
-    /// Whether the term is marked as `partial`.
-    pub partial: bool,
-}
-
-/// The kind of a term.
-#[derive(Clone, Debug, PartialEq, Eq)]
-pub enum TermKind {
-    /// An enum variant constructor or extractor.
-    EnumVariant {
-        /// Which variant of the enum: e.g. for enum type `A` if a term is
-        /// `(A.A1 ...)` then the variant ID corresponds to `A1`.
-        variant: VariantId,
-    },
-    /// A term declared via a `(decl ...)` form.
-    Decl {
-        /// Flags from the term's declaration.
-        flags: TermFlags,
-        /// The kind of this term's constructor, if any.
-        constructor_kind: Option<ConstructorKind>,
-        /// The kind of this term's extractor, if any.
-        extractor_kind: Option<ExtractorKind>,
-    },
-}
-
-/// The kind of a constructor for a term.
-#[derive(Clone, Debug, PartialEq, Eq)]
-pub enum ConstructorKind {
-    /// A term with "internal" rules that work in the forward direction. Becomes
-    /// a compiled Rust function in the generated code.
-    InternalConstructor,
-    /// A term defined solely by an external constructor function.
-    ExternalConstructor {
-        /// The external name of the constructor function.
-        name: Sym,
-    },
-}
-
-/// The kind of an extractor for a term.
-#[derive(Clone, Debug, PartialEq, Eq)]
-pub enum ExtractorKind {
-    /// A term that defines an "extractor macro" in the LHS of a pattern. Its
-    /// arguments take patterns and are simply substituted with the given
-    /// patterns when used.
-    InternalExtractor {
-        /// This extractor's pattern.
-        template: ast::Pattern,
-    },
-    /// A term defined solely by an external extractor function.
-    ExternalExtractor {
-        /// The external name of the extractor function.
-        name: Sym,
-        /// Is the external extractor infallible?
-        infallible: bool,
-        /// The position where this external extractor was declared.
-        pos: Pos,
-    },
-}
-
-/// How many values a function can return.
-#[derive(Clone, Copy, Debug, Eq, PartialEq)]
-pub enum ReturnKind {
-    /// Exactly one return value.
-    Plain,
-    /// Zero or one return values.
-    Option,
-    /// Zero or more return values.
-    Iterator,
-}
-
-/// An external function signature.
-#[derive(Clone, Debug)]
-pub struct ExternalSig {
-    /// The name of the external function.
-    pub func_name: String,
-    /// The name of the external function, prefixed with the context trait.
-    pub full_name: String,
-    /// The types of this function signature's parameters.
-    pub param_tys: Vec<TypeId>,
-    /// The types of this function signature's results.
-    pub ret_tys: Vec<TypeId>,
-    /// How many values can this function return?
-    pub ret_kind: ReturnKind,
-}
-
-impl Term {
-    /// Get this term's type.
-    pub fn ty(&self) -> TypeId {
-        self.ret_ty
-    }
-
-    fn check_args_count<T>(&self, args: &[T], tyenv: &mut TypeEnv, pos: Pos, sym: &ast::Ident) {
-        if self.arg_tys.len() != args.len() {
-            tyenv.report_error(
-                pos,
-                format!(
-                    "Incorrect argument count for term '{}': got {}, expect {}",
-                    sym.0,
-                    args.len(),
-                    self.arg_tys.len()
-                ),
-            );
-        }
-    }
-
-    /// Is this term an enum variant?
-    pub fn is_enum_variant(&self) -> bool {
-        matches!(self.kind, TermKind::EnumVariant { .. })
-    }
-
-    /// Does this term have a constructor?
-    pub fn has_constructor(&self) -> bool {
-        matches!(
-            self.kind,
-            TermKind::EnumVariant { .. }
-                | TermKind::Decl {
-                    constructor_kind: Some(_),
-                    ..
-                }
-        )
-    }
-
-    /// Does this term have an extractor?
-    pub fn has_extractor(&self) -> bool {
-        matches!(
-            self.kind,
-            TermKind::EnumVariant { .. }
-                | TermKind::Decl {
-                    extractor_kind: Some(_),
-                    ..
-                }
-        )
-    }
-
-    /// Is this term's extractor external?
-    pub fn has_external_extractor(&self) -> bool {
-        matches!(
-            self.kind,
-            TermKind::Decl {
-                extractor_kind: Some(ExtractorKind::ExternalExtractor { .. }),
-                ..
-            }
-        )
-    }
-
-    /// Is this term's constructor external?
-    pub fn has_external_constructor(&self) -> bool {
-        matches!(
-            self.kind,
-            TermKind::Decl {
-                constructor_kind: Some(ConstructorKind::ExternalConstructor { .. }),
-                ..
-            }
-        )
-    }
-
-    /// Get this term's extractor's external function signature, if any.
-    pub fn extractor_sig(&self, tyenv: &TypeEnv) -> Option<ExternalSig> {
-        match &self.kind {
-            TermKind::Decl {
-                flags,
-                extractor_kind:
-                    Some(ExtractorKind::ExternalExtractor {
-                        name, infallible, ..
-                    }),
-                ..
-            } => {
-                let ret_kind = if flags.multi {
-                    ReturnKind::Iterator
-                } else if *infallible {
-                    ReturnKind::Plain
-                } else {
-                    ReturnKind::Option
-                };
-                Some(ExternalSig {
-                    func_name: tyenv.syms[name.index()].clone(),
-                    full_name: format!("C::{}", tyenv.syms[name.index()]),
-                    param_tys: vec![self.ret_ty],
-                    ret_tys: self.arg_tys.clone(),
-                    ret_kind,
-                })
-            }
-            _ => None,
-        }
-    }
-
-    /// Get this term's constructor's external function signature, if any.
-    pub fn constructor_sig(&self, tyenv: &TypeEnv) -> Option<ExternalSig> {
-        match &self.kind {
-            TermKind::Decl {
-                constructor_kind: Some(kind),
-                flags,
-                ..
-            } => {
-                let (func_name, full_name) = match kind {
-                    ConstructorKind::InternalConstructor => {
-                        let name = format!("constructor_{}", tyenv.syms[self.name.index()]);
-                        (name.clone(), name)
-                    }
-                    ConstructorKind::ExternalConstructor { name } => (
-                        tyenv.syms[name.index()].clone(),
-                        format!("C::{}", tyenv.syms[name.index()]),
-                    ),
-                };
-                let ret_kind = if flags.multi {
-                    ReturnKind::Iterator
-                } else if flags.partial {
-                    ReturnKind::Option
-                } else {
-                    ReturnKind::Plain
-                };
-                Some(ExternalSig {
-                    func_name,
-                    full_name,
-                    param_tys: self.arg_tys.clone(),
-                    ret_tys: vec![self.ret_ty],
-                    ret_kind,
-                })
-            }
-            _ => None,
-        }
-    }
-}
-
-/// A term rewrite rule.
-#[derive(Clone, Debug)]
-pub struct Rule {
-    /// This rule's id.
-    pub id: RuleId,
-    /// The left-hand side pattern that this rule matches.
-    pub root_term: TermId,
-    /// Patterns to test against the root term's arguments.
-    pub args: Vec<Pattern>,
-    /// Any subpattern "if-let" clauses.
-    pub iflets: Vec<IfLet>,
-    /// The right-hand side expression that this rule evaluates upon successful
-    /// match.
-    pub rhs: Expr,
-    /// Variable names used in this rule, indexed by [VarId].
-    pub vars: Vec<BoundVar>,
-    /// The priority of this rule, defaulted to 0 if it was missing in the source.
-    pub prio: i64,
-    /// The source position where this rule is defined.
-    pub pos: Pos,
-}
-
-/// A name bound in a pattern or let-expression.
-#[derive(Clone, Debug)]
-pub struct BoundVar {
-    /// The identifier used for this variable within the scope of the current [Rule].
-    pub id: VarId,
-    /// The variable's name.
-    pub name: Sym,
-    /// The type of the value this variable is bound to.
-    pub ty: TypeId,
-    /// A counter used to check whether this variable is still in scope during
-    /// semantic analysis. Not meaningful afterward.
-    scope: usize,
-}
-
-/// An `if-let` clause with a subpattern match on an expr after the
-/// main LHS matches.
-#[derive(Clone, Debug)]
-pub struct IfLet {
-    /// The left-hand side pattern that this `if-let` clause matches
-    /// against the expression below.
-    pub lhs: Pattern,
-    /// The right-hand side expression that this pattern
-    /// evaluates. Must be pure.
-    pub rhs: Expr,
-}
-
-/// A left-hand side pattern of some rule.
-#[derive(Clone, Debug, PartialEq, Eq)]
-pub enum Pattern {
-    /// Bind a variable of the given type from the current value.
-    ///
-    /// Keep matching on the value with the subpattern.
-    BindPattern(TypeId, VarId, Box<Pattern>),
-
-    /// Match the current value against an already bound variable with the given
-    /// type.
-    Var(TypeId, VarId),
-
-    /// Match the current value against a constant integer of the given integer
-    /// type.
-    ConstInt(TypeId, i128),
-
-    /// Match the current value against a constant primitive value of the given
-    /// primitive type.
-    ConstPrim(TypeId, Sym),
-
-    /// Match the current value against the given extractor term with the given
-    /// arguments.
-    Term(TypeId, TermId, Vec<Pattern>),
-
-    /// Match anything of the given type successfully.
-    Wildcard(TypeId),
-
-    /// Match all of the following patterns of the given type.
-    And(TypeId, Vec<Pattern>),
-}
-
-/// A right-hand side expression of some rule.
-#[derive(Clone, Debug, PartialEq, Eq)]
-pub enum Expr {
-    /// Invoke this term constructor with the given arguments.
-    Term(TypeId, TermId, Vec<Expr>),
-    /// Get the value of a variable that was bound in the left-hand side.
-    Var(TypeId, VarId),
-    /// Get a constant integer.
-    ConstInt(TypeId, i128),
-    /// Get a constant primitive.
-    ConstPrim(TypeId, Sym),
-    /// Evaluate the nested expressions and bind their results to the given
-    /// variables, then evaluate the body expression.
-    Let {
-        /// The type of the result of this let expression.
-        ty: TypeId,
-        /// The expressions that are evaluated and bound to the given variables.
-        bindings: Vec<(VarId, TypeId, Box<Expr>)>,
-        /// The body expression that is evaluated after the bindings.
-        body: Box<Expr>,
-    },
-}
-
-/// Visitor interface for [Pattern]s. Visitors can assign an arbitrary identifier to each
-/// subpattern, which is threaded through to subsequent calls into the visitor.
-pub trait PatternVisitor {
-    /// The type of subpattern identifiers.
-    type PatternId: Copy;
-
-    /// Match if `a` and `b` have equal values.
-    fn add_match_equal(&mut self, a: Self::PatternId, b: Self::PatternId, ty: TypeId);
-    /// Match if `input` is the given integer constant.
-    fn add_match_int(&mut self, input: Self::PatternId, ty: TypeId, int_val: i128);
-    /// Match if `input` is the given primitive constant.
-    fn add_match_prim(&mut self, input: Self::PatternId, ty: TypeId, val: Sym);
-
-    /// Match if `input` is the given enum variant. Returns an identifier for each field within the
-    /// enum variant. The length of the return list must equal the length of `arg_tys`.
-    fn add_match_variant(
-        &mut self,
-        input: Self::PatternId,
-        input_ty: TypeId,
-        arg_tys: &[TypeId],
-        variant: VariantId,
-    ) -> Vec<Self::PatternId>;
-
-    /// Match if the given external extractor succeeds on `input`. Returns an identifier for each
-    /// return value from the external extractor. The length of the return list must equal the
-    /// length of `output_tys`.
-    fn add_extract(
-        &mut self,
-        input: Self::PatternId,
-        input_ty: TypeId,
-        output_tys: Vec<TypeId>,
-        term: TermId,
-        infallible: bool,
-        multi: bool,
-    ) -> Vec<Self::PatternId>;
-}
-
-impl Pattern {
-    /// Get this pattern's type.
-    pub fn ty(&self) -> TypeId {
-        match *self {
-            Self::BindPattern(t, ..) => t,
-            Self::Var(t, ..) => t,
-            Self::ConstInt(t, ..) => t,
-            Self::ConstPrim(t, ..) => t,
-            Self::Term(t, ..) => t,
-            Self::Wildcard(t, ..) => t,
-            Self::And(t, ..) => t,
-        }
-    }
-
-    /// Recursively visit every sub-pattern.
-    pub fn visit<V: PatternVisitor>(
-        &self,
-        visitor: &mut V,
-        input: V::PatternId,
-        termenv: &TermEnv,
-        vars: &mut HashMap<VarId, V::PatternId>,
-    ) {
-        match *self {
-            Pattern::BindPattern(_ty, var, ref subpat) => {
-                // Bind the appropriate variable and recurse.
-                assert!(!vars.contains_key(&var));
-                vars.insert(var, input);
-                subpat.visit(visitor, input, termenv, vars);
-            }
-            Pattern::Var(ty, var) => {
-                // Assert that the value matches the existing bound var.
-                let var_val = vars
-                    .get(&var)
-                    .copied()
-                    .expect("Variable should already be bound");
-                visitor.add_match_equal(input, var_val, ty);
-            }
-            Pattern::ConstInt(ty, value) => visitor.add_match_int(input, ty, value),
-            Pattern::ConstPrim(ty, value) => visitor.add_match_prim(input, ty, value),
-            Pattern::Term(ty, term, ref args) => {
-                // Determine whether the term has an external extractor or not.
-                let termdata = &termenv.terms[term.index()];
-                let arg_values = match &termdata.kind {
-                    TermKind::EnumVariant { variant } => {
-                        visitor.add_match_variant(input, ty, &termdata.arg_tys, *variant)
-                    }
-                    TermKind::Decl {
-                        extractor_kind: None,
-                        ..
-                    } => {
-                        panic!("Pattern invocation of undefined term body")
-                    }
-                    TermKind::Decl {
-                        extractor_kind: Some(ExtractorKind::InternalExtractor { .. }),
-                        ..
-                    } => {
-                        panic!("Should have been expanded away")
-                    }
-                    TermKind::Decl {
-                        flags,
-                        extractor_kind: Some(ExtractorKind::ExternalExtractor { infallible, .. }),
-                        ..
-                    } => {
-                        // Evaluate all `input` args.
-                        let output_tys = args.iter().map(|arg| arg.ty()).collect();
-
-                        // Invoke the extractor.
-                        visitor.add_extract(
-                            input,
-                            termdata.ret_ty,
-                            output_tys,
-                            term,
-                            *infallible && !flags.multi,
-                            flags.multi,
-                        )
-                    }
-                };
-                for (pat, val) in args.iter().zip(arg_values) {
-                    pat.visit(visitor, val, termenv, vars);
-                }
-            }
-            Pattern::And(_ty, ref children) => {
-                for child in children {
-                    child.visit(visitor, input, termenv, vars);
-                }
-            }
-            Pattern::Wildcard(_ty) => {
-                // Nothing!
-            }
-        }
-    }
-}
-
-/// Visitor interface for [Expr]s. Visitors can return an arbitrary identifier for each
-/// subexpression, which is threaded through to subsequent calls into the visitor.
-pub trait ExprVisitor {
-    /// The type of subexpression identifiers.
-    type ExprId: Copy;
-
-    /// Construct a constant integer.
-    fn add_const_int(&mut self, ty: TypeId, val: i128) -> Self::ExprId;
-    /// Construct a primitive constant.
-    fn add_const_prim(&mut self, ty: TypeId, val: Sym) -> Self::ExprId;
-
-    /// Construct an enum variant with the given `inputs` assigned to the variant's fields in order.
-    fn add_create_variant(
-        &mut self,
-        inputs: Vec<(Self::ExprId, TypeId)>,
-        ty: TypeId,
-        variant: VariantId,
-    ) -> Self::ExprId;
-
-    /// Call an external constructor with the given `inputs` as arguments.
-    fn add_construct(
-        &mut self,
-        inputs: Vec<(Self::ExprId, TypeId)>,
-        ty: TypeId,
-        term: TermId,
-        pure: bool,
-        infallible: bool,
-        multi: bool,
-    ) -> Self::ExprId;
-}
-
-impl Expr {
-    /// Get this expression's type.
-    pub fn ty(&self) -> TypeId {
-        match *self {
-            Self::Term(t, ..) => t,
-            Self::Var(t, ..) => t,
-            Self::ConstInt(t, ..) => t,
-            Self::ConstPrim(t, ..) => t,
-            Self::Let { ty: t, .. } => t,
-        }
-    }
-
-    /// Recursively visit every subexpression.
-    pub fn visit<V: ExprVisitor>(
-        &self,
-        visitor: &mut V,
-        termenv: &TermEnv,
-        vars: &HashMap<VarId, V::ExprId>,
-    ) -> V::ExprId {
-        log!("Expr::visit: expr {:?}", self);
-        match *self {
-            Expr::ConstInt(ty, val) => visitor.add_const_int(ty, val),
-            Expr::ConstPrim(ty, val) => visitor.add_const_prim(ty, val),
-            Expr::Let {
-                ty: _ty,
-                ref bindings,
-                ref body,
-            } => {
-                let mut vars = vars.clone();
-                for &(var, _var_ty, ref var_expr) in bindings {
-                    let var_value = var_expr.visit(visitor, termenv, &vars);
-                    vars.insert(var, var_value);
-                }
-                body.visit(visitor, termenv, &vars)
-            }
-            Expr::Var(_ty, var_id) => *vars.get(&var_id).unwrap(),
-            Expr::Term(ty, term, ref arg_exprs) => {
-                let termdata = &termenv.terms[term.index()];
-                let arg_values_tys = arg_exprs
-                    .iter()
-                    .map(|arg_expr| arg_expr.visit(visitor, termenv, vars))
-                    .zip(termdata.arg_tys.iter().copied())
-                    .collect();
-                match &termdata.kind {
-                    TermKind::EnumVariant { variant } => {
-                        visitor.add_create_variant(arg_values_tys, ty, *variant)
-                    }
-                    TermKind::Decl {
-                        constructor_kind: Some(_),
-                        flags,
-                        ..
-                    } => {
-                        visitor.add_construct(
-                            arg_values_tys,
-                            ty,
-                            term,
-                            flags.pure,
-                            /* infallible = */ !flags.partial,
-                            flags.multi,
-                        )
-                    }
-                    TermKind::Decl {
-                        constructor_kind: None,
-                        ..
-                    } => panic!("Should have been caught by typechecking"),
-                }
-            }
-        }
-    }
-
-    fn visit_in_rule<V: RuleVisitor>(
-        &self,
-        visitor: &mut V,
-        termenv: &TermEnv,
-        vars: &HashMap<VarId, <V::PatternVisitor as PatternVisitor>::PatternId>,
-    ) -> V::Expr {
-        let var_exprs = vars
-            .iter()
-            .map(|(&var, &val)| (var, visitor.pattern_as_expr(val)))
-            .collect();
-        visitor.add_expr(|visitor| VisitedExpr {
-            ty: self.ty(),
-            value: self.visit(visitor, termenv, &var_exprs),
-        })
-    }
-}
-
-/// Information about an expression after it has been fully visited in [RuleVisitor::add_expr].
-#[derive(Clone, Copy)]
-pub struct VisitedExpr<V: ExprVisitor> {
-    /// The type of the top-level expression.
-    pub ty: TypeId,
-    /// The identifier returned by the visitor for the top-level expression.
-    pub value: V::ExprId,
-}
-
-/// Visitor interface for [Rule]s. Visitors must be able to visit patterns by implementing
-/// [PatternVisitor], and to visit expressions by providing a type that implements [ExprVisitor].
-pub trait RuleVisitor {
-    /// The type of pattern visitors constructed by [RuleVisitor::add_pattern].
-    type PatternVisitor: PatternVisitor;
-    /// The type of expression visitors constructed by [RuleVisitor::add_expr].
-    type ExprVisitor: ExprVisitor;
-    /// The type returned from [RuleVisitor::add_expr], which may be exchanged for a subpattern
-    /// identifier using [RuleVisitor::expr_as_pattern].
-    type Expr;
-
-    /// Visit one of the arguments to the top-level pattern.
-    fn add_arg(
-        &mut self,
-        index: usize,
-        ty: TypeId,
-    ) -> <Self::PatternVisitor as PatternVisitor>::PatternId;
-
-    /// Visit a pattern, used once for the rule's left-hand side and once for each if-let. You can
-    /// determine which part of the rule the pattern comes from based on whether the `PatternId`
-    /// passed to the first call to this visitor came from `add_arg` or `expr_as_pattern`.
-    fn add_pattern<F>(&mut self, visitor: F)
-    where
-        F: FnOnce(&mut Self::PatternVisitor);
-
-    /// Visit an expression, used once for each if-let and once for the rule's right-hand side.
-    fn add_expr<F>(&mut self, visitor: F) -> Self::Expr
-    where
-        F: FnOnce(&mut Self::ExprVisitor) -> VisitedExpr<Self::ExprVisitor>;
-
-    /// Given an expression from [RuleVisitor::add_expr], return an identifier that can be used with
-    /// a pattern visitor in [RuleVisitor::add_pattern].
-    fn expr_as_pattern(
-        &mut self,
-        expr: Self::Expr,
-    ) -> <Self::PatternVisitor as PatternVisitor>::PatternId;
-
-    /// Given an identifier from the pattern visitor, return an identifier that can be used with
-    /// the expression visitor.
-    fn pattern_as_expr(
-        &mut self,
-        pattern: <Self::PatternVisitor as PatternVisitor>::PatternId,
-    ) -> <Self::ExprVisitor as ExprVisitor>::ExprId;
-}
-
-impl Rule {
-    /// Recursively visit every pattern and expression in this rule. Returns the [RuleVisitor::Expr]
-    /// that was returned from [RuleVisitor::add_expr] when that function was called on the rule's
-    /// right-hand side.
-    pub fn visit<V: RuleVisitor>(&self, visitor: &mut V, termenv: &TermEnv) -> V::Expr {
-        let mut vars = HashMap::new();
-
-        // Visit the pattern, starting from the root input value.
-        let termdata = &termenv.terms[self.root_term.index()];
-        for (i, (subpat, &arg_ty)) in self.args.iter().zip(termdata.arg_tys.iter()).enumerate() {
-            let value = visitor.add_arg(i, arg_ty);
-            visitor.add_pattern(|visitor| subpat.visit(visitor, value, termenv, &mut vars));
-        }
-
-        // Visit the `if-let` clauses, using `V::ExprVisitor` for the sub-exprs (right-hand sides).
-        for iflet in self.iflets.iter() {
-            let subexpr = iflet.rhs.visit_in_rule(visitor, termenv, &vars);
-            let value = visitor.expr_as_pattern(subexpr);
-            visitor.add_pattern(|visitor| iflet.lhs.visit(visitor, value, termenv, &mut vars));
-        }
-
-        // Visit the rule's right-hand side, making use of the bound variables from the pattern.
-        self.rhs.visit_in_rule(visitor, termenv, &vars)
-    }
-}
-
-/// Given an `Option<T>`, unwrap the inner `T` value, or `continue` if it is
-/// `None`.
-///
-/// Useful for when we encountered an error earlier in our analysis but kept
-/// going to find more errors, and now we've run into some missing data that
-/// would have been filled in if we didn't hit that original error, but we want
-/// to keep going to find more errors.
-macro_rules! unwrap_or_continue {
-    ($e:expr) => {
-        match $e {
-            Some(x) => x,
-            None => continue,
-        }
-    };
-}
-
-impl TypeEnv {
-    /// Construct the type environment from the AST.
-    pub fn from_ast(defs: &ast::Defs) -> Result<TypeEnv, Errors> {
-        let mut tyenv = TypeEnv {
-            filenames: defs.filenames.clone(),
-            file_texts: defs.file_texts.clone(),
-            syms: vec![],
-            sym_map: StableMap::new(),
-            types: vec![],
-            type_map: StableMap::new(),
-            const_types: StableMap::new(),
-            errors: vec![],
-        };
-
-        // Traverse defs, assigning type IDs to type names. We'll fill
-        // in types on a second pass.
-        for def in &defs.defs {
-            match def {
-                &ast::Def::Type(ref td) => {
-                    let tid = TypeId(tyenv.type_map.len());
-                    let name = tyenv.intern_mut(&td.name);
-
-                    if let Some(existing) = tyenv.type_map.get(&name).copied() {
-                        tyenv.report_error(
-                            td.pos,
-                            format!("Type with name '{}' defined more than once", td.name.0),
-                        );
-                        let pos = unwrap_or_continue!(tyenv.types.get(existing.index())).pos();
-                        tyenv.report_error(
-                            pos,
-                            format!("Type with name '{}' already defined here", td.name.0),
-                        );
-                        continue;
-                    }
-
-                    tyenv.type_map.insert(name, tid);
-                }
-                _ => {}
-            }
-        }
-
-        // Now lower AST nodes to type definitions, raising errors
-        // where typenames of fields are undefined or field names are
-        // duplicated.
-        for def in &defs.defs {
-            match def {
-                &ast::Def::Type(ref td) => {
-                    let tid = tyenv.types.len();
-                    if let Some(ty) = tyenv.type_from_ast(TypeId(tid), td) {
-                        tyenv.types.push(ty);
-                    }
-                }
-                _ => {}
-            }
-        }
-
-        // Now collect types for extern constants.
-        for def in &defs.defs {
-            if let &ast::Def::Extern(ast::Extern::Const {
-                ref name,
-                ref ty,
-                pos,
-            }) = def
-            {
-                let ty = match tyenv.get_type_by_name(ty) {
-                    Some(ty) => ty,
-                    None => {
-                        tyenv.report_error(pos, "Unknown type for constant");
-                        continue;
-                    }
-                };
-                let name = tyenv.intern_mut(name);
-                tyenv.const_types.insert(name, ty);
-            }
-        }
-
-        tyenv.return_errors()?;
-
-        Ok(tyenv)
-    }
-
-    fn return_errors(&mut self) -> Result<(), Errors> {
-        if self.errors.is_empty() {
-            Ok(())
-        } else {
-            Err(Errors {
-                errors: std::mem::take(&mut self.errors),
-                filenames: self.filenames.clone(),
-                file_texts: self.file_texts.clone(),
-            })
-        }
-    }
-
-    fn type_from_ast(&mut self, tid: TypeId, ty: &ast::Type) -> Option<Type> {
-        let name = self.intern(&ty.name).unwrap();
-        match &ty.ty {
-            &ast::TypeValue::Primitive(ref id, ..) => {
-                if ty.is_nodebug {
-                    self.report_error(ty.pos, "primitive types cannot be marked `nodebug`");
-                    return None;
-                }
-                if ty.is_extern {
-                    self.report_error(ty.pos, "primitive types cannot be marked `extern`");
-                    return None;
-                }
-                Some(Type::Primitive(tid, self.intern_mut(id), ty.pos))
-            }
-            &ast::TypeValue::Enum(ref ty_variants, ..) => {
-                if ty.is_extern && ty.is_nodebug {
-                    self.report_error(ty.pos, "external types cannot be marked `nodebug`");
-                    return None;
-                }
-
-                let mut variants = vec![];
-                for variant in ty_variants {
-                    let combined_ident =
-                        ast::Ident(format!("{}.{}", ty.name.0, variant.name.0), variant.name.1);
-                    let fullname = self.intern_mut(&combined_ident);
-                    let name = self.intern_mut(&variant.name);
-                    let id = VariantId(variants.len());
-                    if variants.iter().any(|v: &Variant| v.name == name) {
-                        self.report_error(
-                            variant.pos,
-                            format!("Duplicate variant name in type: '{}'", variant.name.0),
-                        );
-                        return None;
-                    }
-                    let mut fields = vec![];
-                    for field in &variant.fields {
-                        let field_name = self.intern_mut(&field.name);
-                        if fields.iter().any(|f: &Field| f.name == field_name) {
-                            self.report_error(
-                                field.pos,
-                                format!(
-                                    "Duplicate field name '{}' in variant '{}' of type",
-                                    field.name.0, variant.name.0
-                                ),
-                            );
-                            return None;
-                        }
-                        let field_tid = match self.get_type_by_name(&field.ty) {
-                            Some(tid) => tid,
-                            None => {
-                                self.report_error(
-                                    field.ty.1,
-                                    format!(
-                                        "Unknown type '{}' for field '{}' in variant '{}'",
-                                        field.ty.0, field.name.0, variant.name.0
-                                    ),
-                                );
-                                return None;
-                            }
-                        };
-                        fields.push(Field {
-                            name: field_name,
-                            id: FieldId(fields.len()),
-                            ty: field_tid,
-                        });
-                    }
-                    variants.push(Variant {
-                        name,
-                        fullname,
-                        id,
-                        fields,
-                    });
-                }
-                Some(Type::Enum {
-                    name,
-                    id: tid,
-                    is_extern: ty.is_extern,
-                    is_nodebug: ty.is_nodebug,
-                    variants,
-                    pos: ty.pos,
-                })
-            }
-        }
-    }
-
-    fn error(&self, pos: Pos, msg: impl Into<String>) -> Error {
-        Error::TypeError {
-            msg: msg.into(),
-            span: Span::new_single(pos),
-        }
-    }
-
-    fn report_error(&mut self, pos: Pos, msg: impl Into<String>) {
-        let err = self.error(pos, msg);
-        self.errors.push(err);
-    }
-
-    fn intern_mut(&mut self, ident: &ast::Ident) -> Sym {
-        if let Some(s) = self.sym_map.get(&ident.0).copied() {
-            s
-        } else {
-            let s = Sym(self.syms.len());
-            self.syms.push(ident.0.clone());
-            self.sym_map.insert(ident.0.clone(), s);
-            s
-        }
-    }
-
-    fn intern(&self, ident: &ast::Ident) -> Option<Sym> {
-        self.sym_map.get(&ident.0).copied()
-    }
-
-    fn get_type_by_name(&self, sym: &ast::Ident) -> Option<TypeId> {
-        self.intern(sym)
-            .and_then(|sym| self.type_map.get(&sym))
-            .copied()
-    }
-}
-
-#[derive(Clone, Debug, Default)]
-struct Bindings {
-    /// All bindings accumulated so far within the current rule, including let-
-    /// bindings which have gone out of scope.
-    seen: Vec<BoundVar>,
-    /// Counter for unique scope IDs within this set of bindings.
-    next_scope: usize,
-    /// Stack of the scope IDs for bindings which are currently in scope.
-    in_scope: Vec<usize>,
-}
-
-impl Bindings {
-    fn enter_scope(&mut self) {
-        self.in_scope.push(self.next_scope);
-        self.next_scope += 1;
-    }
-
-    fn exit_scope(&mut self) {
-        self.in_scope.pop();
-    }
-
-    fn add_var(&mut self, name: Sym, ty: TypeId) -> VarId {
-        let id = VarId(self.seen.len());
-        let var = BoundVar {
-            id,
-            name,
-            ty,
-            scope: *self
-                .in_scope
-                .last()
-                .expect("enter_scope should be called before add_var"),
-        };
-        log!("binding var {:?}", var);
-        self.seen.push(var);
-        id
-    }
-
-    fn lookup(&self, name: Sym) -> Option<&BoundVar> {
-        self.seen
-            .iter()
-            .rev()
-            .find(|binding| binding.name == name && self.in_scope.contains(&binding.scope))
-    }
-}
-
-impl TermEnv {
-    /// Construct the term environment from the AST and the type environment.
-    pub fn from_ast(tyenv: &mut TypeEnv, defs: &ast::Defs) -> Result<TermEnv, Errors> {
-        let mut env = TermEnv {
-            terms: vec![],
-            term_map: StableMap::new(),
-            rules: vec![],
-            converters: StableMap::new(),
-        };
-
-        env.collect_pragmas(defs);
-        env.collect_term_sigs(tyenv, defs);
-        env.collect_enum_variant_terms(tyenv);
-        tyenv.return_errors()?;
-        env.collect_constructors(tyenv, defs);
-        env.collect_extractor_templates(tyenv, defs);
-        tyenv.return_errors()?;
-        env.collect_converters(tyenv, defs);
-        tyenv.return_errors()?;
-        env.collect_externs(tyenv, defs);
-        tyenv.return_errors()?;
-        env.collect_rules(tyenv, defs);
-        env.check_for_undefined_decls(tyenv, defs);
-        env.check_for_expr_terms_without_constructors(tyenv, defs);
-        tyenv.return_errors()?;
-
-        Ok(env)
-    }
-
-    fn collect_pragmas(&mut self, _: &ast::Defs) {
-        // currently, no pragmas are defined, but the infrastructure is useful to keep around
-        return;
-    }
-
-    fn collect_term_sigs(&mut self, tyenv: &mut TypeEnv, defs: &ast::Defs) {
-        for def in &defs.defs {
-            match def {
-                &ast::Def::Decl(ref decl) => {
-                    let name = tyenv.intern_mut(&decl.term);
-                    if let Some(tid) = self.term_map.get(&name) {
-                        tyenv.report_error(
-                            decl.pos,
-                            format!("Duplicate decl for '{}'", decl.term.0),
-                        );
-                        tyenv.report_error(
-                            self.terms[tid.index()].decl_pos,
-                            format!("Duplicate decl for '{}'", decl.term.0),
-                        );
-                    }
-
-                    if decl.multi && decl.partial {
-                        tyenv.report_error(
-                            decl.pos,
-                            format!("Term '{}' can't be both multi and partial", decl.term.0),
-                        );
-                    }
-
-                    let arg_tys = decl
-                        .arg_tys
-                        .iter()
-                        .map(|id| {
-                            tyenv.get_type_by_name(id).ok_or_else(|| {
-                                tyenv.report_error(id.1, format!("Unknown arg type: '{}'", id.0));
-                            })
-                        })
-                        .collect::<Result<Vec<_>, _>>();
-                    let arg_tys = match arg_tys {
-                        Ok(a) => a,
-                        Err(_) => {
-                            continue;
-                        }
-                    };
-                    let ret_ty = match tyenv.get_type_by_name(&decl.ret_ty) {
-                        Some(t) => t,
-                        None => {
-                            tyenv.report_error(
-                                decl.ret_ty.1,
-                                format!("Unknown return type: '{}'", decl.ret_ty.0),
-                            );
-                            continue;
-                        }
-                    };
-
-                    let tid = TermId(self.terms.len());
-                    self.term_map.insert(name, tid);
-                    let flags = TermFlags {
-                        pure: decl.pure,
-                        multi: decl.multi,
-                        partial: decl.partial,
-                    };
-                    self.terms.push(Term {
-                        id: tid,
-                        decl_pos: decl.pos,
-                        name,
-                        arg_tys,
-                        ret_ty,
-                        kind: TermKind::Decl {
-                            flags,
-                            constructor_kind: None,
-                            extractor_kind: None,
-                        },
-                    });
-                }
-                _ => {}
-            }
-        }
-    }
-
-    fn collect_enum_variant_terms(&mut self, tyenv: &mut TypeEnv) {
-        'types: for i in 0..tyenv.types.len() {
-            let ty = &tyenv.types[i];
-            match ty {
-                &Type::Enum {
-                    pos,
-                    id,
-                    ref variants,
-                    ..
-                } => {
-                    for variant in variants {
-                        if self.term_map.contains_key(&variant.fullname) {
-                            let variant_name = tyenv.syms[variant.fullname.index()].clone();
-                            tyenv.report_error(
-                                pos,
-                                format!("Duplicate enum variant constructor: '{}'", variant_name,),
-                            );
-                            continue 'types;
-                        }
-                        let tid = TermId(self.terms.len());
-                        let arg_tys = variant.fields.iter().map(|fld| fld.ty).collect::<Vec<_>>();
-                        let ret_ty = id;
-                        self.terms.push(Term {
-                            id: tid,
-                            decl_pos: pos,
-                            name: variant.fullname,
-                            arg_tys,
-                            ret_ty,
-                            kind: TermKind::EnumVariant {
-                                variant: variant.id,
-                            },
-                        });
-                        self.term_map.insert(variant.fullname, tid);
-                    }
-                }
-                _ => {}
-            }
-        }
-    }
-
-    fn collect_constructors(&mut self, tyenv: &mut TypeEnv, defs: &ast::Defs) {
-        for def in &defs.defs {
-            log!("collect_constructors from def: {:?}", def);
-            match def {
-                &ast::Def::Rule(ref rule) => {
-                    let pos = rule.pos;
-                    let term = match rule.pattern.root_term() {
-                        Some(t) => t,
-                        None => {
-                            tyenv.report_error(
-                                pos,
-                                "Rule does not have a term at the LHS root".to_string(),
-                            );
-                            continue;
-                        }
-                    };
-                    let term = match self.get_term_by_name(tyenv, &term) {
-                        Some(tid) => tid,
-                        None => {
-                            tyenv
-                                .report_error(pos, "Rule LHS root term is not defined".to_string());
-                            continue;
-                        }
-                    };
-                    let termdata = &mut self.terms[term.index()];
-                    match &mut termdata.kind {
-                        TermKind::Decl {
-                            constructor_kind, ..
-                        } => {
-                            match constructor_kind {
-                                None => {
-                                    *constructor_kind = Some(ConstructorKind::InternalConstructor);
-                                }
-                                Some(ConstructorKind::InternalConstructor) => {
-                                    // OK, no error; multiple rules can apply to
-                                    // one internal constructor term.
-                                }
-                                Some(ConstructorKind::ExternalConstructor { .. }) => {
-                                    tyenv.report_error(
-                                        pos,
-                                        "Rule LHS root term is incorrect kind; cannot \
-                                         be external constructor"
-                                            .to_string(),
-                                    );
-                                    continue;
-                                }
-                            }
-                        }
-                        TermKind::EnumVariant { .. } => {
-                            tyenv.report_error(
-                                pos,
-                                "Rule LHS root term is incorrect kind; cannot be enum variant"
-                                    .to_string(),
-                            );
-                            continue;
-                        }
-                    }
-                }
-                _ => {}
-            }
-        }
-    }
-
-    fn collect_extractor_templates(&mut self, tyenv: &mut TypeEnv, defs: &ast::Defs) {
-        let mut extractor_call_graph = BTreeMap::new();
-
-        for def in &defs.defs {
-            if let &ast::Def::Extractor(ref ext) = def {
-                let term = match self.get_term_by_name(tyenv, &ext.term) {
-                    Some(x) => x,
-                    None => {
-                        tyenv.report_error(
-                            ext.pos,
-                            "Extractor macro body definition on a non-existent term".to_string(),
-                        );
-                        return;
-                    }
-                };
-
-                let template = ext.template.make_macro_template(&ext.args[..]);
-                log!("extractor def: {:?} becomes template {:?}", def, template);
-
-                let mut callees = BTreeSet::new();
-                template.terms(&mut |pos, t| {
-                    if let Some(term) = self.get_term_by_name(tyenv, t) {
-                        callees.insert(term);
-                    } else {
-                        tyenv.report_error(
-                            pos,
-                            format!(
-                                "`{}` extractor definition references unknown term `{}`",
-                                ext.term.0, t.0
-                            ),
-                        );
-                    }
-                });
-                extractor_call_graph.insert(term, callees);
-
-                let termdata = &mut self.terms[term.index()];
-                match &mut termdata.kind {
-                    TermKind::EnumVariant { .. } => {
-                        tyenv.report_error(
-                            ext.pos,
-                            "Extractor macro body defined on term of incorrect kind; cannot be an \
-                             enum variant",
-                        );
-                        continue;
-                    }
-                    TermKind::Decl {
-                        flags,
-                        extractor_kind,
-                        ..
-                    } => match extractor_kind {
-                        None => {
-                            if flags.multi {
-                                tyenv.report_error(
-                                    ext.pos,
-                                    "A term declared with `multi` cannot have an internal extractor.".to_string());
-                                continue;
-                            }
-                            *extractor_kind = Some(ExtractorKind::InternalExtractor { template });
-                        }
-                        Some(ext_kind) => {
-                            tyenv.report_error(
-                                ext.pos,
-                                "Duplicate extractor definition".to_string(),
-                            );
-                            let pos = match ext_kind {
-                                ExtractorKind::InternalExtractor { template } => template.pos(),
-                                ExtractorKind::ExternalExtractor { pos, .. } => *pos,
-                            };
-                            tyenv.report_error(
-                                pos,
-                                "Extractor was already defined here".to_string(),
-                            );
-                            continue;
-                        }
-                    },
-                }
-            }
-        }
-
-        // Check for cycles in the extractor call graph.
-        let mut stack = vec![];
-        'outer: for root in extractor_call_graph.keys().copied() {
-            stack.clear();
-            stack.push((root, vec![root], StableSet::new()));
-
-            while let Some((caller, path, mut seen)) = stack.pop() {
-                let is_new = seen.insert(caller);
-                if is_new {
-                    if let Some(callees) = extractor_call_graph.get(&caller) {
-                        stack.extend(callees.iter().map(|callee| {
-                            let mut path = path.clone();
-                            path.push(*callee);
-                            (*callee, path, seen.clone())
-                        }));
-                    }
-                } else {
-                    let pos = match &self.terms[caller.index()].kind {
-                        TermKind::Decl {
-                            extractor_kind: Some(ExtractorKind::InternalExtractor { template }),
-                            ..
-                        } => template.pos(),
-                        _ => {
-                            // There must have already been errors recorded.
-                            assert!(!tyenv.errors.is_empty());
-                            continue 'outer;
-                        }
-                    };
-
-                    let path: Vec<_> = path
-                        .iter()
-                        .map(|sym| tyenv.syms[sym.index()].as_str())
-                        .collect();
-                    let msg = format!(
-                        "`{}` extractor definition is recursive: {}",
-                        tyenv.syms[root.index()],
-                        path.join(" -> ")
-                    );
-                    tyenv.report_error(pos, msg);
-                    continue 'outer;
-                }
-            }
-        }
-    }
-
-    fn collect_converters(&mut self, tyenv: &mut TypeEnv, defs: &ast::Defs) {
-        for def in &defs.defs {
-            match def {
-                &ast::Def::Converter(ast::Converter {
-                    ref term,
-                    ref inner_ty,
-                    ref outer_ty,
-                    pos,
-                }) => {
-                    let inner_ty_id = match tyenv.get_type_by_name(inner_ty) {
-                        Some(ty) => ty,
-                        None => {
-                            tyenv.report_error(
-                                inner_ty.1,
-                                format!("Unknown inner type for converter: '{}'", inner_ty.0),
-                            );
-                            continue;
-                        }
-                    };
-
-                    let outer_ty_id = match tyenv.get_type_by_name(outer_ty) {
-                        Some(ty) => ty,
-                        None => {
-                            tyenv.report_error(
-                                outer_ty.1,
-                                format!("Unknown outer type for converter: '{}'", outer_ty.0),
-                            );
-                            continue;
-                        }
-                    };
-
-                    let term_id = match self.get_term_by_name(tyenv, term) {
-                        Some(term_id) => term_id,
-                        None => {
-                            tyenv.report_error(
-                                term.1,
-                                format!("Unknown term for converter: '{}'", term.0),
-                            );
-                            continue;
-                        }
-                    };
-
-                    match self.converters.entry((inner_ty_id, outer_ty_id)) {
-                        Entry::Vacant(v) => {
-                            v.insert(term_id);
-                        }
-                        Entry::Occupied(_) => {
-                            tyenv.report_error(
-                                pos,
-                                format!(
-                                    "Converter already exists for this type pair: '{}', '{}'",
-                                    inner_ty.0, outer_ty.0
-                                ),
-                            );
-                            continue;
-                        }
-                    }
-                }
-                _ => {}
-            }
-        }
-    }
-
-    fn collect_externs(&mut self, tyenv: &mut TypeEnv, defs: &ast::Defs) {
-        for def in &defs.defs {
-            match def {
-                &ast::Def::Extern(ast::Extern::Constructor {
-                    ref term,
-                    ref func,
-                    pos,
-                }) => {
-                    let func_sym = tyenv.intern_mut(func);
-                    let term_id = match self.get_term_by_name(tyenv, term) {
-                        Some(term) => term,
-                        None => {
-                            tyenv.report_error(
-                                pos,
-                                format!("Constructor declared on undefined term '{}'", term.0),
-                            );
-                            continue;
-                        }
-                    };
-                    let termdata = &mut self.terms[term_id.index()];
-                    match &mut termdata.kind {
-                        TermKind::Decl {
-                            constructor_kind, ..
-                        } => match constructor_kind {
-                            None => {
-                                *constructor_kind =
-                                    Some(ConstructorKind::ExternalConstructor { name: func_sym });
-                            }
-                            Some(ConstructorKind::InternalConstructor) => {
-                                tyenv.report_error(
-                                    pos,
-                                    format!(
-                                        "External constructor declared on term that already has rules: {}",
-                                        term.0,
-                                    ),
-                                );
-                            }
-                            Some(ConstructorKind::ExternalConstructor { .. }) => {
-                                tyenv.report_error(
-                                    pos,
-                                    "Duplicate external constructor definition".to_string(),
-                                );
-                            }
-                        },
-                        TermKind::EnumVariant { .. } => {
-                            tyenv.report_error(
-                                pos,
-                                format!(
-                                    "External constructor cannot be defined on enum variant: {}",
-                                    term.0,
-                                ),
-                            );
-                        }
-                    }
-                }
-                &ast::Def::Extern(ast::Extern::Extractor {
-                    ref term,
-                    ref func,
-                    pos,
-                    infallible,
-                }) => {
-                    let func_sym = tyenv.intern_mut(func);
-                    let term_id = match self.get_term_by_name(tyenv, term) {
-                        Some(term) => term,
-                        None => {
-                            tyenv.report_error(
-                                pos,
-                                format!("Extractor declared on undefined term '{}'", term.0),
-                            );
-                            continue;
-                        }
-                    };
-
-                    let termdata = &mut self.terms[term_id.index()];
-
-                    match &mut termdata.kind {
-                        TermKind::Decl { extractor_kind, .. } => match extractor_kind {
-                            None => {
-                                *extractor_kind = Some(ExtractorKind::ExternalExtractor {
-                                    name: func_sym,
-                                    infallible,
-                                    pos,
-                                });
-                            }
-                            Some(ExtractorKind::ExternalExtractor { pos: pos2, .. }) => {
-                                tyenv.report_error(
-                                    pos,
-                                    "Duplicate external extractor definition".to_string(),
-                                );
-                                tyenv.report_error(
-                                    *pos2,
-                                    "External extractor already defined".to_string(),
-                                );
-                                continue;
-                            }
-                            Some(ExtractorKind::InternalExtractor { template }) => {
-                                tyenv.report_error(
-                                    pos,
-                                    "Cannot define external extractor for term that already has an \
-                                     internal extractor macro body defined"
-                                        .to_string(),
-                                );
-                                tyenv.report_error(
-                                    template.pos(),
-                                    "Internal extractor macro body already defined".to_string(),
-                                );
-                                continue;
-                            }
-                        },
-                        TermKind::EnumVariant { .. } => {
-                            tyenv.report_error(
-                                pos,
-                                format!("Cannot define extractor for enum variant '{}'", term.0),
-                            );
-                            continue;
-                        }
-                    }
-                }
-                _ => {}
-            }
-        }
-    }
-
-    fn collect_rules(&mut self, tyenv: &mut TypeEnv, defs: &ast::Defs) {
-        for def in &defs.defs {
-            match def {
-                &ast::Def::Rule(ref rule) => {
-                    let pos = rule.pos;
-                    let mut bindings = Bindings::default();
-                    bindings.enter_scope();
-
-                    let (sym, args) = if let ast::Pattern::Term { sym, args, .. } = &rule.pattern {
-                        (sym, args)
-                    } else {
-                        tyenv.report_error(
-                            pos,
-                            "Rule does not have a term at the root of its left-hand side"
-                                .to_string(),
-                        );
-                        continue;
-                    };
-
-                    let root_term = if let Some(term) = self.get_term_by_name(tyenv, sym) {
-                        term
-                    } else {
-                        tyenv.report_error(
-                            pos,
-                            "Cannot define a rule for an unknown term".to_string(),
-                        );
-                        continue;
-                    };
-
-                    let termdata = &self.terms[root_term.index()];
-
-                    let flags = match &termdata.kind {
-                        TermKind::Decl { flags, .. } => flags,
-                        _ => {
-                            tyenv.report_error(
-                                pos,
-                                "Cannot define a rule on a left-hand-side that is an enum variant"
-                                    .to_string(),
-                            );
-                            continue;
-                        }
-                    };
-
-                    termdata.check_args_count(args, tyenv, pos, sym);
-                    let args = self.translate_args(args, termdata, tyenv, &mut bindings);
-
-                    let iflets = rule
-                        .iflets
-                        .iter()
-                        .filter_map(|iflet| {
-                            self.translate_iflet(tyenv, iflet, &mut bindings, flags)
-                        })
-                        .collect();
-                    let rhs = unwrap_or_continue!(self.translate_expr(
-                        tyenv,
-                        &rule.expr,
-                        Some(termdata.ret_ty),
-                        &mut bindings,
-                        flags,
-                        /* on_lhs */ false,
-                    ));
-
-                    bindings.exit_scope();
-
-                    let prio = if let Some(prio) = rule.prio {
-                        if flags.multi {
-                            tyenv.report_error(
-                                pos,
-                                "Cannot set rule priorities in multi-terms".to_string(),
-                            );
-                        }
-                        prio
-                    } else {
-                        0
-                    };
-
-                    let rid = RuleId(self.rules.len());
-                    self.rules.push(Rule {
-                        id: rid,
-                        root_term,
-                        args,
-                        iflets,
-                        rhs,
-                        vars: bindings.seen,
-                        prio,
-                        pos,
-                    });
-                }
-                _ => {}
-            }
-        }
-    }
-
-    fn check_for_undefined_decls(&self, tyenv: &mut TypeEnv, defs: &ast::Defs) {
-        for def in &defs.defs {
-            if let ast::Def::Decl(decl) = def {
-                let term = self.get_term_by_name(tyenv, &decl.term).unwrap();
-                let term = &self.terms[term.index()];
-                if !term.has_constructor() && !term.has_extractor() {
-                    tyenv.report_error(
-                        decl.pos,
-                        format!(
-                            "no rules, extractor, or external definition for declaration '{}'",
-                            decl.term.0
-                        ),
-                    );
-                }
-            }
-        }
-    }
-
-    fn check_for_expr_terms_without_constructors(&self, tyenv: &mut TypeEnv, defs: &ast::Defs) {
-        for def in &defs.defs {
-            if let ast::Def::Rule(rule) = def {
-                rule.expr.terms(&mut |pos, ident| {
-                    let term = match self.get_term_by_name(tyenv, ident) {
-                        None => {
-                            debug_assert!(!tyenv.errors.is_empty());
-                            return;
-                        }
-                        Some(t) => t,
-                    };
-                    let term = &self.terms[term.index()];
-                    if !term.has_constructor() {
-                        tyenv.report_error(
-                            pos,
-                            format!(
-                                "term `{}` cannot be used in an expression because \
-                                 it does not have a constructor",
-                                ident.0
-                            ),
-                        )
-                    }
-                });
-            }
-        }
-    }
-
-    fn maybe_implicit_convert_pattern(
-        &self,
-        tyenv: &mut TypeEnv,
-        pattern: &ast::Pattern,
-        inner_ty: TypeId,
-        outer_ty: TypeId,
-    ) -> Option<ast::Pattern> {
-        if let Some(converter_term) = self.converters.get(&(inner_ty, outer_ty)) {
-            if self.terms[converter_term.index()].has_extractor() {
-                // This is a little awkward: we have to
-                // convert back to an Ident, to be
-                // re-resolved. The pos doesn't matter
-                // as it shouldn't result in a lookup
-                // failure.
-                let converter_term_ident = ast::Ident(
-                    tyenv.syms[self.terms[converter_term.index()].name.index()].clone(),
-                    pattern.pos(),
-                );
-                let expanded_pattern = ast::Pattern::Term {
-                    sym: converter_term_ident,
-                    pos: pattern.pos(),
-                    args: vec![pattern.clone()],
-                };
-
-                return Some(expanded_pattern);
-            }
-        }
-        None
-    }
-
-    fn translate_pattern(
-        &self,
-        tyenv: &mut TypeEnv,
-        pat: &ast::Pattern,
-        expected_ty: TypeId,
-        bindings: &mut Bindings,
-    ) -> Option<Pattern> {
-        log!("translate_pattern: {:?}", pat);
-        log!("translate_pattern: bindings = {:?}", bindings);
-        match pat {
-            // TODO: flag on primitive type decl indicating it's an integer type?
-            &ast::Pattern::ConstInt { val, pos } => {
-                let ty = &tyenv.types[expected_ty.index()];
-                if !ty.is_prim() {
-                    tyenv.report_error(
-                        pos,
-                        format!(
-                            "expected non-primitive type {}, but found integer literal '{}'",
-                            ty.name(tyenv),
-                            val,
-                        ),
-                    );
-                }
-                Some(Pattern::ConstInt(expected_ty, val))
-            }
-            &ast::Pattern::ConstPrim { ref val, pos } => {
-                let val = tyenv.intern_mut(val);
-                let const_ty = match tyenv.const_types.get(&val) {
-                    Some(ty) => *ty,
-                    None => {
-                        tyenv.report_error(pos, "Unknown constant");
-                        return None;
-                    }
-                };
-                if expected_ty != const_ty {
-                    tyenv.report_error(pos, "Type mismatch for constant");
-                }
-                Some(Pattern::ConstPrim(const_ty, val))
-            }
-            &ast::Pattern::Wildcard { .. } => Some(Pattern::Wildcard(expected_ty)),
-            &ast::Pattern::And { ref subpats, .. } => {
-                // If any of the subpatterns fails to type-check, we'll report
-                // an error at that point. Here, just skip it and keep looking
-                // for more errors.
-                let children = subpats
-                    .iter()
-                    .filter_map(|subpat| {
-                        self.translate_pattern(tyenv, subpat, expected_ty, bindings)
-                    })
-                    .collect();
-                Some(Pattern::And(expected_ty, children))
-            }
-            &ast::Pattern::BindPattern {
-                ref var,
-                ref subpat,
-                pos,
-            } => {
-                let subpat = self.translate_pattern(tyenv, subpat, expected_ty, bindings)?;
-
-                // The sub-pattern's type should be `expected_ty`. If it isn't,
-                // we've already reported a type error about it, but continue
-                // using the type we actually found in hopes that we'll
-                // generate fewer follow-on error messages.
-                let ty = subpat.ty();
-
-                let name = tyenv.intern_mut(var);
-                if bindings.lookup(name).is_some() {
-                    tyenv.report_error(
-                        pos,
-                        format!("Re-bound variable name in LHS pattern: '{}'", var.0),
-                    );
-                    // Try to keep going.
-                }
-                let id = bindings.add_var(name, ty);
-                Some(Pattern::BindPattern(ty, id, Box::new(subpat)))
-            }
-            &ast::Pattern::Var { ref var, pos } => {
-                // Look up the variable; if it has already been bound,
-                // then this becomes a `Var` node (which matches the
-                // existing bound value), otherwise it becomes a
-                // `BindPattern` with a wildcard subpattern to capture
-                // at this location.
-                let name = tyenv.intern_mut(var);
-                match bindings.lookup(name) {
-                    None => {
-                        let id = bindings.add_var(name, expected_ty);
-                        Some(Pattern::BindPattern(
-                            expected_ty,
-                            id,
-                            Box::new(Pattern::Wildcard(expected_ty)),
-                        ))
-                    }
-                    Some(bv) => {
-                        if expected_ty != bv.ty {
-                            tyenv.report_error(
-                                pos,
-                                format!(
-                                    "Mismatched types: pattern expects type '{}' but already-bound var '{}' has type '{}'",
-                                    tyenv.types[expected_ty.index()].name(tyenv),
-                                    var.0,
-                                    tyenv.types[bv.ty.index()].name(tyenv),
-                                ),
-                            );
-                            // Try to keep going for more errors.
-                        }
-                        Some(Pattern::Var(bv.ty, bv.id))
-                    }
-                }
-            }
-            &ast::Pattern::Term {
-                ref sym,
-                ref args,
-                pos,
-            } => {
-                // Look up the term.
-                let tid = match self.get_term_by_name(tyenv, sym) {
-                    Some(t) => t,
-                    None => {
-                        tyenv.report_error(pos, format!("Unknown term in pattern: '{}'", sym.0));
-                        return None;
-                    }
-                };
-
-                let termdata = &self.terms[tid.index()];
-
-                // Get the return type and arg types. Verify the
-                // expected type of this pattern, if any, against the
-                // return type of the term. Insert an implicit
-                // converter if needed.
-                let ret_ty = termdata.ret_ty;
-                if expected_ty != ret_ty {
-                    // Can we do an implicit type conversion? Look
-                    // up the converter term, if any. If one has
-                    // been registered, and the term has an
-                    // extractor, then build an expanded AST node
-                    // right here and recurse on it.
-                    if let Some(expanded_pattern) =
-                        self.maybe_implicit_convert_pattern(tyenv, pat, ret_ty, expected_ty)
-                    {
-                        return self.translate_pattern(
-                            tyenv,
-                            &expanded_pattern,
-                            expected_ty,
-                            bindings,
-                        );
-                    }
-
-                    tyenv.report_error(
-                        pos,
-                        format!(
-                            "Mismatched types: pattern expects type '{}' but term has return type '{}'",
-                            tyenv.types[expected_ty.index()].name(tyenv),
-                            tyenv.types[ret_ty.index()].name(tyenv),
-                        ),
-                    );
-                    // Try to keep going for more errors.
-                }
-
-                termdata.check_args_count(args, tyenv, pos, sym);
-
-                // TODO: check that multi-extractors are only used in terms declared `multi`
-
-                match &termdata.kind {
-                    TermKind::EnumVariant { .. } => {}
-                    TermKind::Decl {
-                        extractor_kind: Some(ExtractorKind::ExternalExtractor { .. }),
-                        ..
-                    } => {}
-                    TermKind::Decl {
-                        extractor_kind: Some(ExtractorKind::InternalExtractor { ref template }),
-                        ..
-                    } => {
-                        // Expand the extractor macro! We create a map
-                        // from macro args to AST pattern trees and
-                        // then evaluate the template with these
-                        // substitutions.
-                        log!("internal extractor macro args = {:?}", args);
-                        let pat = template.subst_macro_args(&args)?;
-                        return self.translate_pattern(tyenv, &pat, expected_ty, bindings);
-                    }
-                    TermKind::Decl {
-                        extractor_kind: None,
-                        ..
-                    } => {
-                        tyenv.report_error(
-                            pos,
-                            format!(
-                                "Cannot use term '{}' that does not have a defined extractor in a \
-                                 left-hand side pattern",
-                                sym.0
-                            ),
-                        );
-                    }
-                }
-
-                let subpats = self.translate_args(args, termdata, tyenv, bindings);
-                Some(Pattern::Term(ret_ty, tid, subpats))
-            }
-            &ast::Pattern::MacroArg { .. } => unreachable!(),
-        }
-    }
-
-    fn translate_args(
-        &self,
-        args: &Vec<ast::Pattern>,
-        termdata: &Term,
-        tyenv: &mut TypeEnv,
-        bindings: &mut Bindings,
-    ) -> Vec<Pattern> {
-        args.iter()
-            .zip(termdata.arg_tys.iter())
-            .filter_map(|(arg, &arg_ty)| self.translate_pattern(tyenv, arg, arg_ty, bindings))
-            .collect()
-    }
-
-    fn maybe_implicit_convert_expr(
-        &self,
-        tyenv: &mut TypeEnv,
-        expr: &ast::Expr,
-        inner_ty: TypeId,
-        outer_ty: TypeId,
-    ) -> Option<ast::Expr> {
-        // Is there a converter for this type mismatch?
-        if let Some(converter_term) = self.converters.get(&(inner_ty, outer_ty)) {
-            if self.terms[converter_term.index()].has_constructor() {
-                let converter_ident = ast::Ident(
-                    tyenv.syms[self.terms[converter_term.index()].name.index()].clone(),
-                    expr.pos(),
-                );
-                return Some(ast::Expr::Term {
-                    sym: converter_ident,
-                    pos: expr.pos(),
-                    args: vec![expr.clone()],
-                });
-            }
-        }
-        None
-    }
-
-    fn translate_expr(
-        &self,
-        tyenv: &mut TypeEnv,
-        expr: &ast::Expr,
-        ty: Option<TypeId>,
-        bindings: &mut Bindings,
-        root_flags: &TermFlags,
-        on_lhs: bool,
-    ) -> Option<Expr> {
-        log!("translate_expr: {:?}", expr);
-        match expr {
-            &ast::Expr::Term {
-                ref sym,
-                ref args,
-                pos,
-            } => {
-                // Look up the term.
-                let name = tyenv.intern_mut(&sym);
-                let tid = match self.term_map.get(&name) {
-                    Some(&t) => t,
-                    None => {
-                        // Maybe this was actually a variable binding and the user has placed
-                        // parens around it by mistake? (See #4775.)
-                        if bindings.lookup(name).is_some() {
-                            tyenv.report_error(
-                                pos,
-                                format!(
-                                    "Unknown term in expression: '{}'. Variable binding under this name exists; try removing the parens?", sym.0));
-                        } else {
-                            tyenv.report_error(
-                                pos,
-                                format!("Unknown term in expression: '{}'", sym.0),
-                            );
-                        }
-                        return None;
-                    }
-                };
-                let termdata = &self.terms[tid.index()];
-
-                // Get the return type and arg types. Verify the
-                // expected type of this pattern, if any, against the
-                // return type of the term, and determine whether we
-                // are doing an implicit conversion. Report an error
-                // if types don't match and no conversion is possible.
-                let ret_ty = termdata.ret_ty;
-                let ty = if ty.is_some() && ret_ty != ty.unwrap() {
-                    // Is there a converter for this type mismatch?
-                    if let Some(expanded_expr) =
-                        self.maybe_implicit_convert_expr(tyenv, expr, ret_ty, ty.unwrap())
-                    {
-                        return self.translate_expr(
-                            tyenv,
-                            &expanded_expr,
-                            ty,
-                            bindings,
-                            root_flags,
-                            on_lhs,
-                        );
-                    }
-
-                    tyenv.report_error(
-                        pos,
-                        format!("Mismatched types: expression expects type '{}' but term has return type '{}'",
-                                tyenv.types[ty.unwrap().index()].name(tyenv),
-                                tyenv.types[ret_ty.index()].name(tyenv)));
-
-                    // Keep going, to discover more errors.
-                    ret_ty
-                } else {
-                    ret_ty
-                };
-
-                if let TermKind::Decl { flags, .. } = &termdata.kind {
-                    // On the left-hand side of a rule or in a pure term, only pure terms may be
-                    // used.
-                    let pure_required = on_lhs || root_flags.pure;
-                    if pure_required && !flags.pure {
-                        tyenv.report_error(
-                            pos,
-                            format!(
-                                "Used non-pure constructor '{}' in pure expression context",
-                                sym.0
-                            ),
-                        );
-                    }
-
-                    // Multi-terms may only be used inside other multi-terms.
-                    if !root_flags.multi && flags.multi {
-                        tyenv.report_error(
-                            pos,
-                            format!(
-                                "Used multi-constructor '{}' but this rule is not in a multi-term",
-                                sym.0
-                            ),
-                        );
-                    }
-
-                    // Partial terms may always be used on the left-hand side of a rule. On the
-                    // right-hand side they may only be used inside other partial terms.
-                    let partial_allowed = on_lhs || root_flags.partial;
-                    if !partial_allowed && flags.partial {
-                        tyenv.report_error(
-                            pos,
-                            format!(
-                                "Rule can't use partial constructor '{}' on RHS; \
-                                try moving it to if-let{}",
-                                sym.0,
-                                if root_flags.multi {
-                                    ""
-                                } else {
-                                    " or make this rule's term partial too"
-                                }
-                            ),
-                        );
-                    }
-                }
-
-                termdata.check_args_count(args, tyenv, pos, sym);
-
-                // Resolve subexpressions.
-                let subexprs = args
-                    .iter()
-                    .zip(termdata.arg_tys.iter())
-                    .filter_map(|(arg, &arg_ty)| {
-                        self.translate_expr(tyenv, arg, Some(arg_ty), bindings, root_flags, on_lhs)
-                    })
-                    .collect();
-
-                Some(Expr::Term(ty, tid, subexprs))
-            }
-            &ast::Expr::Var { ref name, pos } => {
-                let sym = tyenv.intern_mut(name);
-                // Look through bindings, innermost (most recent) first.
-                let bv = match bindings.lookup(sym) {
-                    None => {
-                        tyenv.report_error(pos, format!("Unknown variable '{}'", name.0));
-                        return None;
-                    }
-                    Some(bv) => bv,
-                };
-
-                // Verify type. Maybe do an implicit conversion.
-                if ty.is_some() && bv.ty != ty.unwrap() {
-                    // Is there a converter for this type mismatch?
-                    if let Some(expanded_expr) =
-                        self.maybe_implicit_convert_expr(tyenv, expr, bv.ty, ty.unwrap())
-                    {
-                        return self.translate_expr(
-                            tyenv,
-                            &expanded_expr,
-                            ty,
-                            bindings,
-                            root_flags,
-                            on_lhs,
-                        );
-                    }
-
-                    tyenv.report_error(
-                        pos,
-                        format!(
-                            "Variable '{}' has type {} but we need {} in context",
-                            name.0,
-                            tyenv.types[bv.ty.index()].name(tyenv),
-                            tyenv.types[ty.unwrap().index()].name(tyenv)
-                        ),
-                    );
-                }
-
-                Some(Expr::Var(bv.ty, bv.id))
-            }
-            &ast::Expr::ConstInt { val, pos } => {
-                if ty.is_none() {
-                    tyenv.report_error(
-                        pos,
-                        "integer literal in a context that needs an explicit type".to_string(),
-                    );
-                    return None;
-                }
-                let ty = ty.unwrap();
-
-                if !tyenv.types[ty.index()].is_prim() {
-                    tyenv.report_error(
-                        pos,
-                        format!(
-                            "expected non-primitive type {}, but found integer literal '{}'",
-                            tyenv.types[ty.index()].name(tyenv),
-                            val,
-                        ),
-                    );
-                }
-                Some(Expr::ConstInt(ty, val))
-            }
-            &ast::Expr::ConstPrim { ref val, pos } => {
-                let val = tyenv.intern_mut(val);
-                let const_ty = match tyenv.const_types.get(&val) {
-                    Some(ty) => *ty,
-                    None => {
-                        tyenv.report_error(pos, "Unknown constant");
-                        return None;
-                    }
-                };
-                if ty.is_some() && const_ty != ty.unwrap() {
-                    tyenv.report_error(
-                        pos,
-                        format!(
-                            "Constant '{}' has wrong type: expected {}, but is actually {}",
-                            tyenv.syms[val.index()],
-                            tyenv.types[ty.unwrap().index()].name(tyenv),
-                            tyenv.types[const_ty.index()].name(tyenv)
-                        ),
-                    );
-                    return None;
-                }
-                Some(Expr::ConstPrim(const_ty, val))
-            }
-            &ast::Expr::Let {
-                ref defs,
-                ref body,
-                pos,
-            } => {
-                bindings.enter_scope();
-
-                // For each new binding...
-                let mut let_defs = vec![];
-                for def in defs {
-                    // Check that the given variable name does not already exist.
-                    let name = tyenv.intern_mut(&def.var);
-
-                    // Look up the type.
-                    let tid = match tyenv.get_type_by_name(&def.ty) {
-                        Some(tid) => tid,
-                        None => {
-                            tyenv.report_error(
-                                pos,
-                                format!("Unknown type {} for variable '{}'", def.ty.0, def.var.0),
-                            );
-                            continue;
-                        }
-                    };
-
-                    // Evaluate the variable's value.
-                    let val = Box::new(unwrap_or_continue!(self.translate_expr(
-                        tyenv,
-                        &def.val,
-                        Some(tid),
-                        bindings,
-                        root_flags,
-                        on_lhs,
-                    )));
-
-                    // Bind the var with the given type.
-                    let id = bindings.add_var(name, tid);
-                    let_defs.push((id, tid, val));
-                }
-
-                // Evaluate the body, expecting the type of the overall let-expr.
-                let body =
-                    Box::new(self.translate_expr(tyenv, body, ty, bindings, root_flags, on_lhs)?);
-                let body_ty = body.ty();
-
-                // Pop the bindings.
-                bindings.exit_scope();
-
-                Some(Expr::Let {
-                    ty: body_ty,
-                    bindings: let_defs,
-                    body,
-                })
-            }
-        }
-    }
-
-    fn translate_iflet(
-        &self,
-        tyenv: &mut TypeEnv,
-        iflet: &ast::IfLet,
-        bindings: &mut Bindings,
-        root_flags: &TermFlags,
-    ) -> Option<IfLet> {
-        // Translate the expr first. The `if-let` and `if` forms are part of the left-hand side of
-        // the rule.
-        let rhs = self.translate_expr(
-            tyenv,
-            &iflet.expr,
-            None,
-            bindings,
-            root_flags,
-            /* on_lhs */ true,
-        )?;
-        let lhs = self.translate_pattern(tyenv, &iflet.pattern, rhs.ty(), bindings)?;
-
-        Some(IfLet { lhs, rhs })
-    }
-
-    fn get_term_by_name(&self, tyenv: &TypeEnv, sym: &ast::Ident) -> Option<TermId> {
-        tyenv
-            .intern(sym)
-            .and_then(|sym| self.term_map.get(&sym))
-            .copied()
-    }
-}
-
-#[cfg(test)]
-mod test {
-    use super::*;
-    use crate::ast::Ident;
-    use crate::lexer::Lexer;
-    use crate::parser::parse;
-
-    #[test]
-    fn build_type_env() {
-        let text = r"
-            (type u32 (primitive u32))
-            (type A extern (enum (B (f1 u32) (f2 u32)) (C (f1 u32))))
-        ";
-        let ast = parse(Lexer::from_str(text, "file.isle").unwrap()).expect("should parse");
-        let tyenv = TypeEnv::from_ast(&ast).expect("should not have type-definition errors");
-
-        let sym_a = tyenv
-            .intern(&Ident("A".to_string(), Default::default()))
-            .unwrap();
-        let sym_b = tyenv
-            .intern(&Ident("B".to_string(), Default::default()))
-            .unwrap();
-        let sym_c = tyenv
-            .intern(&Ident("C".to_string(), Default::default()))
-            .unwrap();
-        let sym_a_b = tyenv
-            .intern(&Ident("A.B".to_string(), Default::default()))
-            .unwrap();
-        let sym_a_c = tyenv
-            .intern(&Ident("A.C".to_string(), Default::default()))
-            .unwrap();
-        let sym_u32 = tyenv
-            .intern(&Ident("u32".to_string(), Default::default()))
-            .unwrap();
-        let sym_f1 = tyenv
-            .intern(&Ident("f1".to_string(), Default::default()))
-            .unwrap();
-        let sym_f2 = tyenv
-            .intern(&Ident("f2".to_string(), Default::default()))
-            .unwrap();
-
-        assert_eq!(tyenv.type_map.get(&sym_u32).unwrap(), &TypeId(0));
-        assert_eq!(tyenv.type_map.get(&sym_a).unwrap(), &TypeId(1));
-
-        let expected_types = vec![
-            Type::Primitive(
-                TypeId(0),
-                sym_u32,
-                Pos {
-                    file: 0,
-                    offset: 19,
-                    line: 2,
-                    col: 18,
-                },
-            ),
-            Type::Enum {
-                name: sym_a,
-                id: TypeId(1),
-                is_extern: true,
-                is_nodebug: false,
-                variants: vec![
-                    Variant {
-                        name: sym_b,
-                        fullname: sym_a_b,
-                        id: VariantId(0),
-                        fields: vec![
-                            Field {
-                                name: sym_f1,
-                                id: FieldId(0),
-                                ty: TypeId(0),
-                            },
-                            Field {
-                                name: sym_f2,
-                                id: FieldId(1),
-                                ty: TypeId(0),
-                            },
-                        ],
-                    },
-                    Variant {
-                        name: sym_c,
-                        fullname: sym_a_c,
-                        id: VariantId(1),
-                        fields: vec![Field {
-                            name: sym_f1,
-                            id: FieldId(0),
-                            ty: TypeId(0),
-                        }],
-                    },
-                ],
-                pos: Pos {
-                    file: 0,
-                    offset: 58,
-                    line: 3,
-                    col: 18,
-                },
-            },
-        ];
-
-        assert_eq!(tyenv.types.len(), expected_types.len());
-        for (i, (actual, expected)) in tyenv.types.iter().zip(&expected_types).enumerate() {
-            assert_eq!(expected, actual, "`{}`th type is not equal!", i);
-        }
-    }
-}