wasmtime 22.0.0 → 23.0.2

data/ext/cargo-vendor/winch-codegen-0.21.2/src/codegen/mod.rs

@@ -0,0 +1,878 @@
+use crate::{
+    abi::{vmctx, ABIOperand, ABISig, RetArea, ABI},
+    codegen::BlockSig,
+    isa::reg::Reg,
+    masm::{
+        ExtendKind, IntCmpKind, MacroAssembler, OperandSize, RegImm, SPOffset, ShiftKind, TrapCode,
+    },
+    stack::{TypedReg, Val},
+};
+use anyhow::Result;
+use smallvec::SmallVec;
+use wasmparser::{
+    BinaryReader, FuncValidator, MemArg, Operator, ValidatorResources, VisitOperator,
+};
+use wasmtime_environ::{
+    GlobalIndex, MemoryIndex, PtrSize, TableIndex, TypeIndex, WasmHeapType, WasmValType,
+    FUNCREF_MASK,
+};
+
+use cranelift_codegen::{
+    binemit::CodeOffset,
+    ir::{RelSourceLoc, SourceLoc},
+};
+
+mod context;
+pub(crate) use context::*;
+mod env;
+pub use env::*;
+mod call;
+pub(crate) use call::*;
+mod control;
+pub(crate) use control::*;
+mod builtin;
+pub use builtin::*;
+pub(crate) mod bounds;
+
+use bounds::{Bounds, ImmOffset, Index};
+
+/// Holds metadata about the source code location and the machine code emission.
+/// The fields of this struct are opaque and are not interpreted in any way.
+/// They serve as a mapping between source code and machine code.
+#[derive(Default)]
+pub(crate) struct SourceLocation {
+    /// The base source location.
+    pub base: Option<SourceLoc>,
+    /// The current relative source code location along with its associated
+    /// machine code offset.
+    pub current: (CodeOffset, RelSourceLoc),
+}
+
+/// The code generation abstraction.
+pub(crate) struct CodeGen<'a, 'translation: 'a, 'data: 'translation, M>
+where
+    M: MacroAssembler,
+{
+    /// The ABI-specific representation of the function signature, excluding results.
+    pub sig: ABISig,
+
+    /// The code generation context.
+    pub context: CodeGenContext<'a>,
+
+    /// A reference to the function compilation environment.
+    pub env: FuncEnv<'a, 'translation, 'data, M::Ptr>,
+
+    /// The MacroAssembler.
+    pub masm: &'a mut M,
+
+    /// Stack frames for control flow.
+    // NB The 64 is set arbitrarily, we can adjust it as
+    // we see fit.
+    pub control_frames: SmallVec<[ControlStackFrame; 64]>,
+
+    /// Information about the source code location.
+    pub source_location: SourceLocation,
+}
+
+impl<'a, 'translation, 'data, M> CodeGen<'a, 'translation, 'data, M>
+where
+    M: MacroAssembler,
+{
+    pub fn new(
+        masm: &'a mut M,
+        context: CodeGenContext<'a>,
+        env: FuncEnv<'a, 'translation, 'data, M::Ptr>,
+        sig: ABISig,
+    ) -> Self {
+        Self {
+            sig,
+            context,
+            masm,
+            env,
+            source_location: Default::default(),
+            control_frames: Default::default(),
+        }
+    }
+
+    /// Emit the function body to machine code.
+    pub fn emit(
+        &mut self,
+        body: &mut BinaryReader<'a>,
+        validator: &mut FuncValidator<ValidatorResources>,
+    ) -> Result<()> {
+        self.emit_start()
+            .and_then(|_| self.emit_body(body, validator))
+            .and_then(|_| self.emit_end())?;
+
+        Ok(())
+    }
+
+    /// Derives a [RelSourceLoc] from a [SourceLoc].
+    pub fn source_loc_from(&mut self, loc: SourceLoc) -> RelSourceLoc {
+        if self.source_location.base.is_none() && !loc.is_default() {
+            self.source_location.base = Some(loc);
+        }
+
+        RelSourceLoc::from_base_offset(self.source_location.base.unwrap_or_default(), loc)
+    }
+
+    fn emit_start(&mut self) -> Result<()> {
+        let vmctx = self
+            .sig
+            .params()
+            .first()
+            .expect("VMContext argument")
+            .unwrap_reg()
+            .into();
+
+        self.masm.start_source_loc(Default::default());
+        // We need to use the vmctx parameter before pinning it for stack checking.
+        self.masm.prologue(vmctx);
+        // Pin the `VMContext` pointer.
+        self.masm
+            .mov(vmctx.into(), vmctx!(M), self.env.ptr_type().into());
+
+        self.masm.reserve_stack(self.context.frame.locals_size);
+
+        self.masm.end_source_loc();
+
+        // Once we have emitted the epilogue and reserved stack space for the locals, we push the
+        // base control flow block.
+        self.control_frames.push(ControlStackFrame::block(
+            BlockSig::from_sig(self.sig.clone()),
+            self.masm,
+            &mut self.context,
+        ));
+
+        // Set the return area of the results *after* initializing the block. In
+        // the function body block case, we'll treat the results as any other
+        // case, addressed from the stack pointer, and when ending the function
+        // the return area will be set to the return pointer.
+        if self.sig.params.has_retptr() {
+            self.sig
+                .results
+                .set_ret_area(RetArea::slot(self.context.frame.results_base_slot.unwrap()));
+        }
+
+        Ok(())
+    }
+
+    /// The following two helpers, handle else or end instructions when the
+    /// compiler has entered into an unreachable code state. These instructions
+    /// must be observed to determine if the reachability state should be
+    /// restored.
+    ///
+    /// When the compiler is in an unreachable state, all the other instructions
+    /// are not visited.
+    pub fn handle_unreachable_else(&mut self) {
+        let frame = self.control_frames.last_mut().unwrap();
+        debug_assert!(frame.is_if());
+        if frame.is_next_sequence_reachable() {
+            // We entered an unreachable state when compiling the
+            // if-then branch, but if the `if` was reachable at
+            // entry, the if-else branch will be reachable.
+            self.context.reachable = true;
+            frame.ensure_stack_state(self.masm, &mut self.context);
+            frame.bind_else(self.masm, &mut self.context);
+        }
+    }
+
+    pub fn handle_unreachable_end(&mut self) {
+        let mut frame = self.control_frames.pop().unwrap();
+        // We just popped the outermost block.
+        let is_outermost = self.control_frames.len() == 0;
+
+        if frame.is_next_sequence_reachable() {
+            self.context.reachable = true;
+            frame.ensure_stack_state(self.masm, &mut self.context);
+            frame.bind_end(self.masm, &mut self.context);
+        } else if is_outermost {
+            // If we reach the end of the function in an unreachable
+            // state, perform the necessary cleanup to leave the stack
+            // and SP in the expected state.  The compiler can enter
+            // in this state through an infinite loop.
+            frame.ensure_stack_state(self.masm, &mut self.context);
+        }
+    }
+
+    fn emit_body(
+        &mut self,
+        body: &mut BinaryReader<'a>,
+        validator: &mut FuncValidator<ValidatorResources>,
+    ) -> Result<()> {
+        self.spill_register_arguments();
+        let defined_locals_range = &self.context.frame.defined_locals_range;
+        self.masm.zero_mem_range(defined_locals_range.as_range());
+
+        // Save the results base parameter register into its slot.
+        self.sig.params.has_retptr().then(|| {
+            match self.sig.params.unwrap_results_area_operand() {
+                ABIOperand::Reg { ty, reg, .. } => {
+                    let results_base_slot = self.context.frame.results_base_slot.as_ref().unwrap();
+                    debug_assert!(results_base_slot.addressed_from_sp());
+                    let addr = self.masm.local_address(results_base_slot);
+                    self.masm.store((*reg).into(), addr, (*ty).into());
+                }
+                // The result base parameter is a stack parameter, addressed
+                // from FP.
+                _ => {}
+            }
+        });
+
+        while !body.eof() {
+            let offset = body.original_position();
+            body.visit_operator(&mut ValidateThenVisit(
+                validator.visitor(offset),
+                self,
+                offset,
+            ))??;
+        }
+        validator.finish(body.original_position())?;
+        return Ok(());
+
+        struct ValidateThenVisit<'a, T, U>(T, &'a mut U, usize);
+
+        macro_rules! validate_then_visit {
+            ($( @$proposal:ident $op:ident $({ $($arg:ident: $argty:ty),* })? => $visit:ident)*) => {
+                $(
+                    fn $visit(&mut self $($(,$arg: $argty)*)?) -> Self::Output {
+                        self.0.$visit($($($arg.clone()),*)?)?;
+                        // Only visit operators if the compiler is in a reachable code state. If
+                        // the compiler is in an unreachable code state, most of the operators are
+                        // ignored except for If, Block, Loop, Else and End. These operators need
+                        // to be observed in order to keep the control stack frames balanced and to
+                        // determine if reachability should be restored.
+                        let visit_when_unreachable = visit_op_when_unreachable(Operator::$op $({ $($arg: $arg.clone()),* })?);
+                        if self.1.is_reachable() || visit_when_unreachable  {
+                            let location = SourceLoc::new(self.2 as u32);
+                            self.1.start(location);
+                            let res = Ok(self.1.$visit($($($arg),*)?));
+                            self.1.end();
+                            res
+                        } else {
+                            Ok(U::Output::default())
+                        }
+                    }
+                )*
+            };
+        }
+
+        fn visit_op_when_unreachable(op: Operator) -> bool {
+            use Operator::*;
+            match op {
+                If { .. } | Block { .. } | Loop { .. } | Else | End => true,
+                _ => false,
+            }
+        }
+
+        /// Trait to handle reachability state.
+        trait ReachableState {
+            /// Returns true if the current state of the program is reachable.
+            fn is_reachable(&self) -> bool;
+        }
+
+        /// Trait to map source locations to machine code.
+        trait SourceLocator {
+            fn start(&mut self, loc: SourceLoc);
+            fn end(&mut self);
+        }
+
+        impl<'a, 'translation, 'data, M: MacroAssembler> ReachableState
+            for CodeGen<'a, 'translation, 'data, M>
+        {
+            fn is_reachable(&self) -> bool {
+                self.context.reachable
+            }
+        }
+
+        impl<'a, 'translation, 'data, M: MacroAssembler> SourceLocator
+            for CodeGen<'a, 'translation, 'data, M>
+        {
+            fn start(&mut self, loc: SourceLoc) {
+                let rel = self.source_loc_from(loc);
+                self.source_location.current = self.masm.start_source_loc(rel);
+            }
+
+            fn end(&mut self) {
+                // Because in Winch binary emission is done in a single pass
+                // and because the MachBuffer performs optimizations during
+                // emission, we have to be careful when calling
+                // [MacroAssembler::end_source_location] to avoid breaking the
+                // invariant that checks that the end [CodeOffset] must be equal
+                // or greater than the start [CodeOffset].
+                if self.masm.current_code_offset() >= self.source_location.current.0 {
+                    self.masm.end_source_loc();
+                }
+            }
+        }
+
+        impl<'a, T, U> VisitOperator<'a> for ValidateThenVisit<'_, T, U>
+        where
+            T: VisitOperator<'a, Output = wasmparser::Result<()>>,
+            U: VisitOperator<'a> + ReachableState + SourceLocator,
+            U::Output: Default,
+        {
+            type Output = Result<U::Output>;
+
+            wasmparser::for_each_operator!(validate_then_visit);
+        }
+    }
+
+    /// Emits a a series of instructions that will type check a function reference call.
+    pub fn emit_typecheck_funcref(&mut self, funcref_ptr: Reg, type_index: TypeIndex) {
+        let ptr_size: OperandSize = self.env.ptr_type().into();
+        let sig_index_bytes = self.env.vmoffsets.size_of_vmshared_type_index();
+        let sig_size = OperandSize::from_bytes(sig_index_bytes);
+        let sig_index = self.env.translation.module.types[type_index];
+        let sig_offset = sig_index
+            .as_u32()
+            .checked_mul(sig_index_bytes.into())
+            .unwrap();
+        let signatures_base_offset = self.env.vmoffsets.ptr.vmctx_type_ids_array();
+        let scratch = <M::ABI as ABI>::scratch_reg();
+        let funcref_sig_offset = self.env.vmoffsets.ptr.vm_func_ref_type_index();
+
+        // Load the signatures address into the scratch register.
+        self.masm.load(
+            self.masm.address_at_vmctx(signatures_base_offset.into()),
+            scratch,
+            ptr_size,
+        );
+
+        // Get the caller id.
+        let caller_id = self.context.any_gpr(self.masm);
+        self.masm.load(
+            self.masm.address_at_reg(scratch, sig_offset),
+            caller_id,
+            sig_size,
+        );
+
+        let callee_id = self.context.any_gpr(self.masm);
+        self.masm.load(
+            self.masm
+                .address_at_reg(funcref_ptr, funcref_sig_offset.into()),
+            callee_id,
+            sig_size,
+        );
+
+        // Typecheck.
+        self.masm.cmp(caller_id, callee_id.into(), OperandSize::S32);
+        self.masm.trapif(IntCmpKind::Ne, TrapCode::BadSignature);
+        self.context.free_reg(callee_id);
+        self.context.free_reg(caller_id);
+    }
+
+    /// Emit the usual function end instruction sequence.
+    fn emit_end(&mut self) -> Result<()> {
+        // The implicit body block is treated a normal block (it pushes results
+        // to the stack); so when reaching the end, we pop them taking as
+        // reference the current function's signature.
+        let base = SPOffset::from_u32(self.context.frame.locals_size);
+        self.masm.start_source_loc(Default::default());
+        if self.context.reachable {
+            ControlStackFrame::pop_abi_results_impl(
+                &mut self.sig.results,
+                &mut self.context,
+                self.masm,
+                |results, _, _| results.ret_area().copied(),
+            );
+        } else {
+            // If we reach the end of the function in an unreachable code state,
+            // simply truncate to the expected values.
+            // The compiler could enter this state through an infinite loop.
+            self.context.truncate_stack_to(0);
+            self.masm.reset_stack_pointer(base);
+        }
+        debug_assert_eq!(self.context.stack.len(), 0);
+        self.masm.free_stack(self.context.frame.locals_size);
+        self.masm.epilogue();
+        self.masm.end_source_loc();
+        Ok(())
+    }
+
+    fn spill_register_arguments(&mut self) {
+        use WasmValType::*;
+        self.sig
+            // Skip the results base param if any; [Self::emit_body],
+            // will handle spilling the results base param if it's in a register.
+            .params_without_retptr()
+            .iter()
+            .enumerate()
+            .filter(|(_, a)| a.is_reg())
+            .for_each(|(index, arg)| {
+                let ty = arg.ty();
+                let local = self.context.frame.get_frame_local(index);
+                let addr = self.masm.local_address(local);
+                let src = arg
+                    .get_reg()
+                    .expect("arg should be associated to a register");
+
+                match &ty {
+                    I32 | I64 | F32 | F64 => self.masm.store(src.into(), addr, ty.into()),
+                    Ref(rt) => match rt.heap_type {
+                        WasmHeapType::Func => self.masm.store_ptr(src.into(), addr),
+                        ht => unimplemented!("Support for WasmHeapType: {ht}"),
+                    },
+                    _ => unimplemented!("Support for WasmType {ty}"),
+                }
+            });
+    }
+
+    /// Pops the value at the stack top and assigns it to the local at
+    /// the given index, returning the typed register holding the
+    /// source value.
+    pub fn emit_set_local(&mut self, index: u32) -> TypedReg {
+        // Materialize any references to the same local index that are in the
+        // value stack by spilling.
+        if self.context.stack.contains_latent_local(index) {
+            self.context.spill(self.masm);
+        }
+        let src = self.context.pop_to_reg(self.masm, None);
+        // Need to get address of local after `pop_to_reg` since `pop_to_reg`
+        // will pop the machine stack causing an incorrect address to be
+        // calculated.
+        let (ty, addr) = self.context.frame.get_local_address(index, self.masm);
+        self.masm.store(RegImm::reg(src.reg), addr, ty.into());
+
+        src
+    }
+
+    /// Loads the address of the given global.
+    pub fn emit_get_global_addr(&mut self, index: GlobalIndex) -> (WasmValType, M::Address) {
+        let data = self.env.resolve_global(index);
+
+        let addr = if data.imported {
+            let global_base = self.masm.address_at_reg(vmctx!(M), data.offset);
+            let scratch = <M::ABI as ABI>::scratch_reg();
+            self.masm.load_ptr(global_base, scratch);
+            self.masm.address_at_reg(scratch, 0)
+        } else {
+            self.masm.address_at_reg(vmctx!(M), data.offset)
+        };
+
+        (data.ty, addr)
+    }
+
+    pub fn emit_lazy_init_funcref(&mut self, table_index: TableIndex) {
+        let table_data = self.env.resolve_table_data(table_index);
+        let ptr_type = self.env.ptr_type();
+        let builtin = self
+            .env
+            .builtins
+            .table_get_lazy_init_func_ref::<M::ABI, M::Ptr>();
+
+        // Request the builtin's  result register and use it to hold the table
+        // element value. We preemptively spill and request this register to
+        // avoid conflict at the control flow merge below. Requesting the result
+        // register is safe since we know ahead-of-time the builtin's signature.
+        self.context.spill(self.masm);
+        let elem_value: Reg = self
+            .context
+            .reg(
+                builtin.sig().results.unwrap_singleton().unwrap_reg(),
+                self.masm,
+            )
+            .into();
+
+        let index = self.context.pop_to_reg(self.masm, None);
+        let base = self.context.any_gpr(self.masm);
+
+        let elem_addr = self.emit_compute_table_elem_addr(index.into(), base, &table_data);
+        self.masm.load_ptr(elem_addr, elem_value);
+        // Free the register used as base, once we have loaded the element
+        // address into the element value register.
+        self.context.free_reg(base);
+
+        let (defined, cont) = (self.masm.get_label(), self.masm.get_label());
+
+        // Push the built-in arguments to the stack.
+        self.context
+            .stack
+            .extend([table_index.as_u32().try_into().unwrap(), index.into()]);
+
+        self.masm.branch(
+            IntCmpKind::Ne,
+            elem_value,
+            elem_value.into(),
+            defined,
+            ptr_type.into(),
+        );
+        // Free the element value register.
+        // This is safe since the FnCall::emit call below, will ensure
+        // that the result register is placed on the value stack.
+        self.context.free_reg(elem_value);
+        FnCall::emit::<M>(
+            &mut self.env,
+            self.masm,
+            &mut self.context,
+            Callee::Builtin(builtin.clone()),
+        );
+
+        // We know the signature of the libcall in this case, so we assert that there's
+        // one element in the stack and that it's  the ABI signature's result register.
+        let top = self.context.stack.peek().unwrap();
+        let top = top.unwrap_reg();
+        debug_assert!(top.reg == elem_value);
+        self.masm.jmp(cont);
+
+        // In the defined case, mask the funcref address in place, by peeking into the
+        // last element of the value stack, which was pushed by the `indirect` function
+        // call above.
+        self.masm.bind(defined);
+        let imm = RegImm::i64(FUNCREF_MASK as i64);
+        let dst = top.into();
+        self.masm.and(dst, dst, imm, top.ty.into());
+
+        self.masm.bind(cont);
+    }
+
+    /// Emits a series of instructions to bounds check and calculate the address
+    /// of the given WebAssembly memory.
+    /// This function returns a register containing the requested address.
+    ///
+    /// In essence, when computing the heap address for a WebAssembly load or
+    /// store instruction the objective is to ensure that such access is safe,
+    /// but also to perform the least amount of checks, and rely on the system to
+    /// detect illegal memory accesses where applicable.
+    ///
+    /// Winch follows almost the same principles as Cranelift when it comes to
+    /// bounds checks, for a more detailed explanation refer to
+    /// [cranelift_wasm::code_translator::prepare_addr].
+    ///
+    /// Winch implementation differs in that, it defaults to the general case
+    /// for dynamic heaps rather than optimizing for doing the least amount of
+    /// work possible at runtime, this is done to align with Winch's principle
+    /// of doing the least amount of work possible at compile time. For static
+    /// heaps, Winch does a bit more of work, given that some of the cases that
+    /// are checked against, can benefit compilation times, like for example,
+    /// detecting an out of bounds access at compile time.
+    pub fn emit_compute_heap_address(
+        &mut self,
+        memarg: &MemArg,
+        access_size: OperandSize,
+    ) -> Option<Reg> {
+        let ptr_size: OperandSize = self.env.ptr_type().into();
+        let enable_spectre_mitigation = self.env.heap_access_spectre_mitigation();
+        let add_offset_and_access_size = |offset: ImmOffset, access_size: OperandSize| {
+            (access_size.bytes() as u64) + (offset.as_u32() as u64)
+        };
+
+        let memory_index = MemoryIndex::from_u32(memarg.memory);
+        let heap = self.env.resolve_heap(memory_index);
+        let index = Index::from_typed_reg(self.context.pop_to_reg(self.masm, None));
+        let offset =
+            bounds::ensure_index_and_offset(self.masm, index, memarg.offset, heap.ty.into());
+        let offset_with_access_size = add_offset_and_access_size(offset, access_size);
+
+        let addr = match heap.style {
+            // == Dynamic Heaps ==
+
+            // Account for the general case for dynamic memories. The access is
+            // out of bounds if:
+            // * index + offset + access_size overflows
+            //   OR
+            // * index + offset + access_size > bound
+            HeapStyle::Dynamic => {
+                let bounds =
+                    bounds::load_dynamic_heap_bounds(&mut self.context, self.masm, &heap, ptr_size);
+
+                let index_reg = index.as_typed_reg().reg;
+                // Allocate a temporary register to hold
+                //      index + offset + access_size
+                //  which will serve as the check condition.
+                let index_offset_and_access_size = self.context.any_gpr(self.masm);
+
+                // Move the value of the index to the
+                // index_offset_and_access_size register to perform the overflow
+                // check to avoid clobbering the initial index value.
+                self.masm.mov(
+                    index_reg.into(),
+                    index_offset_and_access_size,
+                    heap.ty.into(),
+                );
+                // Perform
+                // index = index + offset + access_size, trapping if the
+                // addition overflows.
+                self.masm.checked_uadd(
+                    index_offset_and_access_size,
+                    index_offset_and_access_size,
+                    RegImm::i64(offset_with_access_size as i64),
+                    heap.ty.into(),
+                    TrapCode::HeapOutOfBounds,
+                );
+
+                let addr = bounds::load_heap_addr_checked(
+                    self.masm,
+                    &mut self.context,
+                    ptr_size,
+                    &heap,
+                    enable_spectre_mitigation,
+                    bounds,
+                    index,
+                    offset,
+                    |masm, bounds, _| {
+                        let bounds_reg = bounds.as_typed_reg().reg;
+                        masm.cmp(
+                            index_offset_and_access_size.into(),
+                            bounds_reg.into(),
+                            heap.ty.into(),
+                        );
+                        IntCmpKind::GtU
+                    },
+                );
+                self.context.free_reg(bounds.as_typed_reg().reg);
+                self.context.free_reg(index_offset_and_access_size);
+                Some(addr)
+            }
+
+            // == Static Heaps ==
+
+            // Detect at compile time if the access is out of bounds.
+            // Doing so will put the compiler in an unreachable code state,
+            // optimizing the work that the compiler has to do until the
+            // reachability is restored or when reaching the end of the
+            // function.
+            HeapStyle::Static { bound } if offset_with_access_size > bound => {
+                self.masm.trap(TrapCode::HeapOutOfBounds);
+                self.context.reachable = false;
+                None
+            }
+
+            // Account for the case in which we can completely elide the bounds
+            // checks.
+            //
+            // This case, makes use of the fact that if a memory access uses
+            // a 32-bit index, then we be certain that
+            //
+            //      index <= u32::MAX
+            //
+            // Therefore if any 32-bit index access occurs in the region
+            // represented by
+            //
+            //      bound + guard_size - (offset + access_size)
+            //
+            // We are certain that it's in bounds or that the underlying virtual
+            // memory subsystem will report an illegal access at runtime.
+            //
+            // Note:
+            //
+            // * bound - (offset + access_size) cannot wrap, because it's checked
+            // in the condition above.
+            // * bound + heap.offset_guard_size is guaranteed to not overflow if
+            // the heap configuration is correct, given that it's address must
+            // fit in 64-bits.
+            // * If the heap type is 32-bits, the offset is at most u32::MAX, so
+            // no  adjustment is needed as part of
+            // [bounds::ensure_index_and_offset].
+            HeapStyle::Static { bound }
+                if heap.ty == WasmValType::I32
+                    && u64::from(u32::MAX)
+                        <= u64::from(bound) + u64::from(heap.offset_guard_size)
+                            - offset_with_access_size =>
+            {
+                let addr = self.context.any_gpr(self.masm);
+                bounds::load_heap_addr_unchecked(self.masm, &heap, index, offset, addr, ptr_size);
+                Some(addr)
+            }
+
+            // Account for the general case of static memories. The access is out
+            // of bounds if:
+            //
+            // index > bound - (offset + access_size)
+            //
+            // bound - (offset + access_size) cannot wrap, because we already
+            // checked that (offset + access_size) > bound, above.
+            HeapStyle::Static { bound } => {
+                let bounds = Bounds::from_u64(bound);
+                let addr = bounds::load_heap_addr_checked(
+                    self.masm,
+                    &mut self.context,
+                    ptr_size,
+                    &heap,
+                    enable_spectre_mitigation,
+                    bounds,
+                    index,
+                    offset,
+                    |masm, bounds, index| {
+                        let adjusted_bounds = bounds.as_u64() - offset_with_access_size;
+                        let index_reg = index.as_typed_reg().reg;
+                        masm.cmp(
+                            index_reg,
+                            RegImm::i64(adjusted_bounds as i64),
+                            heap.ty.into(),
+                        );
+                        IntCmpKind::GtU
+                    },
+                );
+                Some(addr)
+            }
+        };
+
+        self.context.free_reg(index.as_typed_reg().reg);
+        addr
+    }
+
+    /// Emit a WebAssembly load.
+    pub fn emit_wasm_load(
+        &mut self,
+        arg: &MemArg,
+        ty: WasmValType,
+        size: OperandSize,
+        sextend: Option<ExtendKind>,
+    ) {
+        if let Some(addr) = self.emit_compute_heap_address(&arg, size) {
+            let dst = match ty {
+                WasmValType::I32 | WasmValType::I64 => self.context.any_gpr(self.masm),
+                WasmValType::F32 | WasmValType::F64 => self.context.any_fpr(self.masm),
+                _ => unreachable!(),
+            };
+
+            let src = self.masm.address_at_reg(addr, 0);
+            self.masm.wasm_load(src, dst, size, sextend);
+            self.context.stack.push(TypedReg::new(ty, dst).into());
+            self.context.free_reg(addr);
+        }
+    }
+
+    /// Emit a WebAssembly store.
+    pub fn emit_wasm_store(&mut self, arg: &MemArg, size: OperandSize) {
+        let src = self.context.pop_to_reg(self.masm, None);
+        if let Some(addr) = self.emit_compute_heap_address(&arg, size) {
+            self.masm
+                .wasm_store(src.reg.into(), self.masm.address_at_reg(addr, 0), size);
+
+            self.context.free_reg(addr);
+        }
+        self.context.free_reg(src);
+    }
+
+    /// Loads the address of the table element at a given index. Returns the
+    /// address of the table element using the provided register as base.
+    pub fn emit_compute_table_elem_addr(
+        &mut self,
+        index: Reg,
+        base: Reg,
+        table_data: &TableData,
+    ) -> M::Address {
+        let scratch = <M::ABI as ABI>::scratch_reg();
+        let bound = self.context.any_gpr(self.masm);
+        let tmp = self.context.any_gpr(self.masm);
+        let ptr_size: OperandSize = self.env.ptr_type().into();
+
+        if let Some(offset) = table_data.import_from {
+            // If the table data declares a particular offset base,
+            // load the address into a register to further use it as
+            // the table address.
+            self.masm.load_ptr(self.masm.address_at_vmctx(offset), base);
+        } else {
+            // Else, simply move the vmctx register into the addr register as
+            // the base to calculate the table address.
+            self.masm.mov(vmctx!(M).into(), base, ptr_size);
+        };
+
+        // OOB check.
+        let bound_addr = self
+            .masm
+            .address_at_reg(base, table_data.current_elems_offset);
+        let bound_size = table_data.current_elements_size;
+        self.masm.load(bound_addr, bound, bound_size.into());
+        self.masm.cmp(index, bound.into(), bound_size);
+        self.masm
+            .trapif(IntCmpKind::GeU, TrapCode::TableOutOfBounds);
+
+        // Move the index into the scratch register to calculate the table
+        // element address.
+        // Moving the value of the index register to the scratch register
+        // also avoids overwriting the context of the index register.
+        self.masm.mov(index.into(), scratch, bound_size);
+        self.masm.mul(
+            scratch,
+            scratch,
+            RegImm::i32(table_data.element_size.bytes() as i32),
+            table_data.element_size,
+        );
+        self.masm
+            .load_ptr(self.masm.address_at_reg(base, table_data.offset), base);
+        // Copy the value of the table base into a temporary register
+        // so that we can use it later in case of a misspeculation.
+        self.masm.mov(base.into(), tmp, ptr_size);
+        // Calculate the address of the table element.
+        self.masm.add(base, base, scratch.into(), ptr_size);
+        if self.env.table_access_spectre_mitigation() {
+            // Perform a bounds check and override the value of the
+            // table element address in case the index is out of bounds.
+            self.masm.cmp(index, bound.into(), OperandSize::S32);
+            self.masm.cmov(tmp, base, IntCmpKind::GeU, ptr_size);
+        }
+        self.context.free_reg(bound);
+        self.context.free_reg(tmp);
+        self.masm.address_at_reg(base, 0)
+    }
+
+    /// Retrieves the size of the table, pushing the result to the value stack.
+    pub fn emit_compute_table_size(&mut self, table_data: &TableData) {
+        let scratch = <M::ABI as ABI>::scratch_reg();
+        let size = self.context.any_gpr(self.masm);
+        let ptr_size: OperandSize = self.env.ptr_type().into();
+
+        if let Some(offset) = table_data.import_from {
+            self.masm
+                .load_ptr(self.masm.address_at_vmctx(offset), scratch);
+        } else {
+            self.masm.mov(vmctx!(M).into(), scratch, ptr_size);
+        };
+
+        let size_addr = self
+            .masm
+            .address_at_reg(scratch, table_data.current_elems_offset);
+        self.masm
+            .load(size_addr, size, table_data.current_elements_size.into());
+
+        self.context.stack.push(TypedReg::i32(size).into());
+    }
+
+    /// Retrieves the size of the memory, pushing the result to the value stack.
+    pub fn emit_compute_memory_size(&mut self, heap_data: &HeapData) {
+        let size_reg = self.context.any_gpr(self.masm);
+        let scratch = <M::ABI as ABI>::scratch_reg();
+
+        let base = if let Some(offset) = heap_data.import_from {
+            self.masm
+                .load_ptr(self.masm.address_at_vmctx(offset), scratch);
+            scratch
+        } else {
+            vmctx!(M)
+        };
+
+        let size_addr = self
+            .masm
+            .address_at_reg(base, heap_data.current_length_offset);
+        self.masm.load_ptr(size_addr, size_reg);
+        // Prepare the stack to emit a shift to get the size in pages rather
+        // than in bytes.
+        self.context
+            .stack
+            .push(TypedReg::new(heap_data.ty, size_reg).into());
+
+        let pow = heap_data.page_size_log2;
+
+        // Ensure that the constant is correctly typed according to the heap
+        // type to reduce register pressure when emitting the shift operation.
+        match heap_data.ty {
+            WasmValType::I32 => self.context.stack.push(Val::i32(i32::from(pow))),
+            WasmValType::I64 => self.context.stack.push(Val::i64(i64::from(pow))),
+            _ => unreachable!(),
+        }
+
+        self.masm
+            .shift(&mut self.context, ShiftKind::ShrU, heap_data.ty.into());
+    }
+}
+
+/// Returns the index of the [`ControlStackFrame`] for the given
+/// depth.
+pub fn control_index(depth: u32, control_length: usize) -> usize {
+    (control_length - 1)
+        .checked_sub(depth as usize)
+        .unwrap_or_else(|| panic!("expected valid control stack frame at index: {}", depth))
+}