interscript 0.1.3 → 0.1.9

data/maps/un-nep-Deva-Latn-2013.yaml

@@ -0,0 +1,74 @@
+---
+authority_id: ungegn
+id: 2013
+language: iso-639-2:nep
+source_script: Deva
+destination_script: Latn
+name: REPORT ON THE CURRENT STATUS OF UNITED NATIONS ROMANIZATION SYSTEMS FOR GEOGRAPHICAL NAMES -- Nepali Romanization, 1972
+url: https://www.eki.ee/wgrs/v3_0/rom1_ne.pdf
+creation_date: 1972
+confirmation_date: 2013
+description: |
+  The United Nations recommended system was approved in 1972 (II/11), based on a report
+  prepared by D. N. Sharma. The note on the system was published in volume II of the
+  conference report.
+
+  There is no evidence of the use of the system either in Nepal or in international cartographic
+  products. The resolution IV/17 (1982) recommended association, inter alia, with Nepal in
+  carrying out further studies on the system. In Nepal a system of romanization is employed by
+  the Nepal Survey Department (NSD). This system has been applied to names appearing on
+  national mapping, and it is also used in the Geographic Information Infrastructure Programme
+  (NGIIP).
+
+  Nepali (Nepālī) uses the alphasyllabic script Devanāgarī.
+
+notes:
+
+  - In normal spelling ṙ and ṙh are not marked, instead dotless ड ḍa, ढ ḍha are used to denote these sounds.
+  - |
+    Ligatures may be formed with r as the first component: ~ह rha.
+
+tests:
+  - source: "नेपाल"
+    expected: "nepāl"
+  - source: "नेपाल काठ्माडौं"
+    expected: "nepāl kāṭhmāḍauṁ"
+  - source: "लेखन"
+    expected: "lekhan"
+  - source: "मुद्रा"
+    expected: "mudrā"
+  - source: "प्रशंसा"
+    expected: "prashaṁsā"
+  - source: "अंक"
+    expected: "aṁk"
+  - source: "नेकपाले स्थगित स्थायी कमिटीको बैठक भदौ गते बोलाउने भएको"
+    expected: "nekapāle sthagit sthāyī kamiṭīko baiṭhak bhadau gate bolāune bhaeko"
+  - source: "न घर रह्यो, न परिवार"
+    expected: "n ghar rahyo, n parivār"
+  - source: "ढोरपाटनमा भुजीखोला बाढीपहिरोले अभिभावक गुमाएका बालबालिकाको बिचल्ली"
+    expected: "ḍhorapāṭanamā bhujīkholā bāḍhīpahirole abhibhāvak gumāekā bālabālikāko bichallī"
+  - source: "सुस्मिताका काका हेमबहादुर र काकीलाई पनि पहिरोले बगायो"
+    expected: "susmitākā kākā hemabahādur r kākīlāī pani pahirole bagāyo"
+  - source: "संविधान जारी भएसँगै सार्वजनिक प्रशासनमा नयाँ उत्साह आउने अपेक्षा थियो"
+    expected: "saṁvidhān jārī bhaesam̐gai sārvajanik prashāsanamā nayām̐ utsāh āune apekṣhā thiyo"
+  - source: "देशमा कोरोना संक्रमित र मृतकको संख्या हरेक दिन बढ्दो छ"
+    expected: "deshamā koronā saṁkramit r mṛtakako saṁkhyā harek din baḍhdo chh"
+  - source: "गाउँपालिकाका अध्यक्ष टिका गुरुङका अनुसार विष्णुदासलाई राजुले सुत्नका लागि बेलुका साथी लगेका थिए"
+    expected: "gāum̐pālikākā adhyakṣh ṭikā guruṅakā anusār viṣhṇudāsalāī rājule sutnakā lāgi belukā sāthī lagekā thie"
+  - source: "यो आयोजना गाउँपालिकाको केन्द्र तेल्लोकमा पर्छ"
+    expected: "yo āyojanā gāum̐pālikāko kendr tellokamā parchh"
+  - source: "सुस्मिताका काका हेमबहादुर र काकीलाई पनि पहिरोले बगायो"
+    expected: "susmitākā kākā hemabahādur r kākīlāī pani pahirole bagāyo"
+  - source: "चैत पहिलो साता घर आएका उनी लकडाउन भएपछि यतै रोकिए"
+    expected: "chait pahilo sātā ghar āekā unī lakaḍāun bhaepachhi yatai rokie"
+  - source: "काम गर्न जानेको हकमा रोजगारदाता कम्पनीको पत्रसँगै वडा र जिल्ला प्रशासनको सिफारिस अनिवार्य गरिएको छ"
+    expected: "kām garn jāneko hakamā rojagāradātā kampanīko patrasam̐gai vaḍā r jillā prashāsanako siphāris anivāry garieko chh"
+  - source: "म त पहाडको एउटा गाउँबाट उडेर तल झरेको सिमल भुवा हुँ"
+    expected: "m t pahāḍako euṭā gāum̐bāṭ uḍer tal jhareko simal bhuvā hum̐"
+  - source: "अचम्म, धेरैले चिन्ने र सहजै बुझ्ने खालको चलेकै कवि पो भएँ"
+    expected: "achamm, dheraile chinne r sahajai bujhne khālako chalekai kavi po bhaem̐"
+  - source: "कतिपय सन्दर्भ र राजनीतिक रूपमा फाइदा हुने कुरामा कवि घिमिरेले गर्ने गरेको टिप्पणी पनि नेपाली लेखकमाझ आलोचित हुन्थ्यो"
+    expected: "katipay sandarbh r rājanītik rūpamā phāidā hune kurāmā kavi ghimirele garne gareko ṭippaṇī pani nepālī lekhakamājh ālochit hunthyo"
+
+map:
+  inherit: un-nep-Deva-Latn-1972

data/maps/un-ori-Orya-Latn-1972.yaml

@@ -0,0 +1,247 @@
+---
+authority_id: ungegn
+id: 1972
+language: iso-639-2:ori
+source_script: Orya
+destination_script: Latn
+name: REPORT ON THE CURRENT STATUS OF UNITED NATIONS ROMANIZATION SYSTEMS FOR GEOGRAPHICAL NAMES -- Oriya Romanization, 1972
+url: http://www.eki.ee/wgrs/v2_2/rom1_or.pdf
+creation_date: 1972
+confirmation_date: 2003
+description: |
+  The United Nations recommended system was approved in 1972 (II/11), based on a report
+  prepared by D. N. Sharma. The note on the system was published in volume II of the
+  conference reports.
+
+  There is no evidence of the use of the system either in India or in international cartographic
+  products.
+
+  Oriya uses an alphasyllabic script whereby each character represents a syllable rather than one sound.
+  Vowels and diphthongs are marked in two ways: as independent characters (used syllable-initially) and in an
+  abbreviated form, to denote vowels after consonants. The romanization table is unambiguous. The system is mostly
+  reversible but there may exist some ambiguities in the romanization of vowels (independent vs. abbreviated characters)
+  and consonants (combinations with subscript consonants vs. character sequences).
+
+notes:
+  - Combinations with r as the first component are written with a special superscript symbol, e.g. ର୍କ rka.
+
+tests:
+  - source: "ର୍କ"
+    expected: "rka"
+  - source: "ଓଡ଼ିଆ"
+    expected: "oṙiā"
+  - source: "ଓଡ଼ିଶା"
+    expected: "oṙishā"
+  - source: "ଭୁବନେଶ୍ୱର"
+    expected: "bhubaneshvara"
+  - source: "ଆଇପିଏଲ୍‌-୧୩: ଦିଲ୍ଲୀ କ୍ୟାପିଟାଲ୍ସକୁ ୮୮ ରନ୍‌ ପରାସ୍ତ କଲା ସନରାଇଜର୍ସ ହାଇଦ୍ରାବାଦ"
+    expected: "āipiel-13: dillī kyāpiṭālsaku 88 ran parāsta kalā sanarāijarsa hāidrābāda"
+  - source: "ପ୍ରେମ ସମ୍ପର୍କରେ ଭଟ୍ଟା: ରାଗରେ ପ୍ରେମିକାର ତଣ୍ଟି କାଟି ନିଜେ ବିଷ ପିଇଲା ପ୍ରେମିକ"
+    expected: "prema samparkare bhaṭṭā: rāgare premikāra taṇṭi kāṭi nije biṣha piilā premika"
+  - source: "ପ୍ରେମ ସମ୍ପର୍କରେ ଭଟ୍ଟା: ରାଗରେ ପ୍ରେମିକାର ତଣ୍ଟି କାଟି ନିଜେ ବିଷ ପିଇଲା ପ୍ରେମିକ"
+    expected: "prema samparkare bhaṭṭā: rāgare premikāra taṇṭi kāṭi nije biṣha piilā premika"
+  - source: "ହୋଟେଲ, ଲଜ୍‌ରେ ରୁମ୍‌ ମିଳୁନି: ନେତା‌ଙ୍କ ନାଁରେ ଆଗୁଆ ହୋଇଯାଇଛି ବୁକିଂ"
+    expected: "heāṭela, lajre rum miḷuni: netāṅka nāmre āguā heāiỵāichhhi bukiṃ"
+  - source: "ପର୍ଯ୍ୟଟକମାନଙ୍କ ନିମନ୍ତେ ନଭେମ୍ବର ୧ରୁ ଖୋଲିବ ଶିମିଳିପାଳ ଅଭୟାରଣ୍ୟ"
+    expected: "parỵyaṭakamānaṅka nimante nabhembara 1ru kholiba shimiḷipāḷa abhayāraṇya"
+  - source: "ପାରିବାରିକ ଅଶାନ୍ତିର କରୁଣ ପରିଣତି: କୂଅକୁ ଡେଇଁଲେ ମା’-ଝିଅ, ଝିଅ ମୃତ"
+    expected: "pāribārika ashāntira karuṇa pariṇati: kūaku ḍeimle mā’-jhia, jhia mṛta"
+  - source: "‘ଭ୍ରଷ୍ଟାଚାରର ବଂଶବାଦ’ ଏବେ ସାଜିଛି ଦେଶ ପାଇଁ ନୂଆ ସମସ୍ୟା; ପ୍ରଧାନମନ୍ତ୍ରୀ ମୋଦୀ"
+    expected: "‘bhraṣhṭāchārara baṃshabāda’ ebe sājichhhi desha pāim nūā samasyā; pradhānamantrī modī"
+  - source: "ପାହାଡ଼ି ଇଲାକାବାସୀଙ୍କ ଆଶାର ବତୀ ‘ପାର୍ବତୀ’"
+    expected: "pāhāṙi ilākābāsīṅka āshāra batī ‘pārbatī’"
+
+
+map:
+
+  rules:
+    - pattern: ([କ]=?)(?=[\u0b4d\u0b3e\u0b3f\u0b40\u0b41\u0b42\u0b43\u0b47\u0b48\u0b4b\u0b4c])
+      result:   'k'
+    - pattern: ([ଖ]=?)(?=[\u0b4d\u0b3e\u0b3f\u0b40\u0b41\u0b42\u0b43\u0b47\u0b48\u0b4b\u0b4c])
+      result:   'kh'
+    - pattern: ([ଗ]=?)(?=[\u0b4d\u0b3e\u0b3f\u0b40\u0b41\u0b42\u0b43\u0b47\u0b48\u0b4b\u0b4c])
+      result:   'g'
+    - pattern: ([ଘ]=?)(?=[\u0b4d\u0b3e\u0b3f\u0b40\u0b41\u0b42\u0b43\u0b47\u0b48\u0b4b\u0b4c])
+      result:   'gh'
+    - pattern: ([ଙ]=?)(?=[\u0b4d\u0b3e\u0b3f\u0b40\u0b41\u0b42\u0b43\u0b47\u0b48\u0b4b\u0b4c])
+      result:   'ṅ'
+    - pattern: ([ଚ]=?)(?=[\u0b4d\u0b3e\u0b3f\u0b40\u0b41\u0b42\u0b43\u0b47\u0b48\u0b4b\u0b4c])
+      result:   'ch'
+    - pattern: ([ଛ]=?)(?=[\u0b4d\u0b3e\u0b3f\u0b40\u0b41\u0b42\u0b43\u0b47\u0b48\u0b4b\u0b4c])
+      result:   'chhh'
+    - pattern: ([ଜ]=?)(?=[\u0b4d\u0b3e\u0b3f\u0b40\u0b41\u0b42\u0b43\u0b47\u0b48\u0b4b\u0b4c])
+      result:   'j'
+    - pattern: ([ଝ]=?)(?=[\u0b4d\u0b3e\u0b3f\u0b40\u0b41\u0b42\u0b43\u0b47\u0b48\u0b4b\u0b4c])
+      result:   'jh'
+    - pattern: ([ଞ]=?)(?=[\u0b4d\u0b3e\u0b3f\u0b40\u0b41\u0b42\u0b43\u0b47\u0b48\u0b4b\u0b4c])
+      result:   'ñ'
+    - pattern: ([ଟ]=?)(?=[\u0b4d\u0b3e\u0b3f\u0b40\u0b41\u0b42\u0b43\u0b47\u0b48\u0b4b\u0b4c])
+      result:   'ṭ'
+    - pattern: ([ଠ]=?)(?=[\u0b4d\u0b3e\u0b3f\u0b40\u0b41\u0b42\u0b43\u0b47\u0b48\u0b4b\u0b4c])
+      result:   'ṭh'
+    - pattern: ([ଡ]=?)(?=[\u0b4d\u0b3e\u0b3f\u0b40\u0b41\u0b42\u0b43\u0b47\u0b48\u0b4b\u0b4c])
+      result:   'ḍ'
+    - pattern: ([ଡ଼]=?)(?=[\u0b4d\u0b3e\u0b3f\u0b40\u0b41\u0b42\u0b43\u0b47\u0b48\u0b4b\u0b4c])
+      result:   'ṙ'
+    - pattern: ([ଢ]=?)(?=[\u0b4d\u0b3e\u0b3f\u0b40\u0b41\u0b42\u0b43\u0b47\u0b48\u0b4b\u0b4c])
+      result:   'ḍh'
+    - pattern: ([ଢ଼]=?)(?=[\u0b4d\u0b3e\u0b3f\u0b40\u0b41\u0b42\u0b43\u0b47\u0b48\u0b4b\u0b4c])
+      result:   'ṙh'
+    - pattern: ([ଣ]=?)(?=[\u0b4d\u0b3e\u0b3f\u0b40\u0b41\u0b42\u0b43\u0b47\u0b48\u0b4b\u0b4c])
+      result:   'ṇ'
+    - pattern: ([ତ]=?)(?=[\u0b4d\u0b3e\u0b3f\u0b40\u0b41\u0b42\u0b43\u0b47\u0b48\u0b4b\u0b4c])
+      result:   't'
+    - pattern: ([ଥ]=?)(?=[\u0b4d\u0b3e\u0b3f\u0b40\u0b41\u0b42\u0b43\u0b47\u0b48\u0b4b\u0b4c])
+      result:   'th'
+    - pattern: ([ଦ]=?)(?=[\u0b4d\u0b3e\u0b3f\u0b40\u0b41\u0b42\u0b43\u0b47\u0b48\u0b4b\u0b4c])
+      result:   'd'
+    - pattern: ([ଧ]=?)(?=[\u0b4d\u0b3e\u0b3f\u0b40\u0b41\u0b42\u0b43\u0b47\u0b48\u0b4b\u0b4c])
+      result:   'dh'
+    - pattern: ([ନ]=?)(?=[\u0b4d\u0b3e\u0b3f\u0b40\u0b41\u0b42\u0b43\u0b47\u0b48\u0b4b\u0b4c])
+      result:   'n'
+    - pattern: ([ପ]=?)(?=[\u0b4d\u0b3e\u0b3f\u0b40\u0b41\u0b42\u0b43\u0b47\u0b48\u0b4b\u0b4c])
+      result:   'p'
+    - pattern: ([ଫ]=?)(?=[\u0b4d\u0b3e\u0b3f\u0b40\u0b41\u0b42\u0b43\u0b47\u0b48\u0b4b\u0b4c])
+      result:   'ph'
+    - pattern: ([ବ]=?)(?=[\u0b4d\u0b3e\u0b3f\u0b40\u0b41\u0b42\u0b43\u0b47\u0b48\u0b4b\u0b4c])
+      result:   'b'
+    - pattern: ([ଭ]=?)(?=[\u0b4d\u0b3e\u0b3f\u0b40\u0b41\u0b42\u0b43\u0b47\u0b48\u0b4b\u0b4c])
+      result:   'bh'
+    - pattern: ([ମ]=?)(?=[\u0b4d\u0b3e\u0b3f\u0b40\u0b41\u0b42\u0b43\u0b47\u0b48\u0b4b\u0b4c])
+      result:   'm'
+    - pattern: ([ଯ]=?)(?=[\u0b4d\u0b3e\u0b3f\u0b40\u0b41\u0b42\u0b43\u0b47\u0b48\u0b4b\u0b4c])
+      result:   'ỵ'
+    - pattern: ([ୟ]=?)(?=[\u0b4d\u0b3e\u0b3f\u0b40\u0b41\u0b42\u0b43\u0b47\u0b48\u0b4b\u0b4c])
+      result:   'y'
+    - pattern: ([ର]=?)(?=[\u0b4d\u0b3e\u0b3f\u0b40\u0b41\u0b42\u0b43\u0b47\u0b48\u0b4b\u0b4c])
+      result:   'r'
+    - pattern: ([ଲ]=?)(?=[\u0b4d\u0b3e\u0b3f\u0b40\u0b41\u0b42\u0b43\u0b47\u0b48\u0b4b\u0b4c])
+      result:   'l'
+    - pattern: ([ଳ]=?)(?=[\u0b4d\u0b3e\u0b3f\u0b40\u0b41\u0b42\u0b43\u0b47\u0b48\u0b4b\u0b4c])
+      result:   'ḷ'
+    - pattern: ([ଶ]=?)(?=[\u0b4d\u0b3e\u0b3f\u0b40\u0b41\u0b42\u0b43\u0b47\u0b48\u0b4b\u0b4c])
+      result:   'sh'
+    - pattern: ([ଷ]=?)(?=[\u0b4d\u0b3e\u0b3f\u0b40\u0b41\u0b42\u0b43\u0b47\u0b48\u0b4b\u0b4c])
+      result:   'ṣh'
+    - pattern: ([ସ]=?)(?=[\u0b4d\u0b3e\u0b3f\u0b40\u0b41\u0b42\u0b43\u0b47\u0b48\u0b4b\u0b4c])
+      result:   's'
+    - pattern: ([ହ]=?)(?=[\u0b4d\u0b3e\u0b3f\u0b40\u0b41\u0b42\u0b43\u0b47\u0b48\u0b4b\u0b4c])
+      result:   'h'
+    - pattern: ([କ୍ଷ]=?)(?=[\u0b4d\u0b3e\u0b3f\u0b40\u0b41\u0b42\u0b43\u0b47\u0b48\u0b4b\u0b4c])
+      result:   'kṣh'
+
+  characters:
+    'ଅ': 'a'
+    'ଆ': 'ā'
+    'ଇ': 'i'
+    'ଈ': 'ī'
+    'ଉ': 'u'
+    'ଊ': 'ū'
+    'ଋ': 'ṛ'
+    'ୠ': 'ṝ'
+    'ଌ': 'ḻ'
+    'ଏ': 'e'
+    'ଐ': 'ai'
+    'ଓ': 'o'
+    'ୱ': 'va'
+    'ଔ': 'au'
+
+    # II. Consonants
+    # Gutturals
+    'କ': 'ka'
+    'ଖ': 'kha'
+    'ଗ': 'ga'
+    'ଘ': 'gha'
+    'ଙ': 'ṅa'
+
+    # Palatals
+    'ଚ': 'cha'
+    'ଛ': 'chha'
+    'ଜ': 'ja'
+    'ଝ': 'jha'
+    'ଞ': 'ña'
+
+    # Cerebrals
+    'ଟ':  'ṭa'
+    'ଠ':  'ṭha'
+    'ଡ':  'ḍa'
+    'ଡ଼':  'ṙa'
+    'ଢ':  'ḍha'
+    'ଢ଼':  'ṙha'
+    'ଣ':  'ṇa'
+
+    # Dentals
+    'ତ': 'ta'
+    'ଥ': 'tha'
+    'ଦ': 'da'
+    'ଧ': 'dha'
+    'ନ': 'na'
+
+    # Labials
+    'ପ': 'pa'
+    'ଫ': 'pha'
+    'ବ': 'ba'
+    'ଭ': 'bha'
+    'ମ': 'ma'
+
+    # Semivowels
+    'ଯ': 'ỵa'
+    'ୟ': 'ya'
+    'ର': 'ra'
+    'ଲ': 'la'
+    'ଳ': 'ḷa'
+
+    # Sibilants
+    'ଶ': 'sha'
+    'ଷ': 'ṣha'
+    'ସ': 'sa'
+
+
+    # Aspirate
+    'ହ': 'ha'
+
+    'କ୍ଷ': 'kṣha'
+
+    # Chandrabindu
+    'ଁ': 'm'
+
+    # Bisarga
+    'ଃ': 'ḥ'
+
+    # Anusvāra
+    'ଂ': 'ṃ'
+
+    # Medials # Needed for connecting constants
+
+    'ା': 'ā'
+    'ି': 'i'
+    'ୀ': 'ī'
+    'ୁ': 'u'
+    'ୂ': 'ū'
+    'ୃ': 'ṛ'
+    'େ': 'e'
+    'ୈ': 'ai'
+    'ୋ': 'o'
+    'ୌ': 'au'
+
+    '्': ''
+    '୍': ''
+    '़': ''
+    '଼': ''
+    '।': '.'
+    "‍": ''# Used for joining
+    "‌": ''# Used for non joining
+
+    # Numbers
+
+    '୦': '0'
+    '୧': '1'
+    '୨': '2'
+    '୩': '3'
+    '୪': '4'
+    '୫': '5'
+    '୬': '6'
+    '୭': '7'
+    '୮': '8'
+    '୯': '9'
+

data/maps/un-pan-Guru-Latn-1972.yaml

@@ -0,0 +1,402 @@
+---
+authority_id: un
+id: 1972
+language: iso-639-2:pan
+source_script: Guru
+destination_script: Latn
+name: REPORT ON THE CURRENT STATUS OF UNITED NATIONS ROMANIZATION SYSTEMS FOR GEOGRAPHICAL NAMES --Panjabi Romanization Version 4.0
+url: https://www.eki.ee/wgrs/rom1_pa.htm
+creation_date: 1972
+confirmation_date: 2016
+description: |
+  The United Nations recommended system was approved in 1972 (II/11) and amended in 1977 (III/12),
+  based on a report prepared by D. N. Sharma. The tables and their corrections were published in volume
+  II of the conference reports1,2.
+
+  There is no evidence of the use of the system either in India or in international cartographic products.
+
+  Punjabi (Panjābī) in India uses an alphasyllabic script (Gurmukhi) whereby each character represents a syllable
+  rather than one sound. Vowels and diphthongs are marked in two ways: as independent characters (used syllable-initially)
+  and in an abbreviated form, to denote vowels after consonants. The romanization table is unambiguous. The system is mostly
+  reversible but there exist some ambiguities in the romanization of vowels (independent vs. abbreviated characters) and
+  consonants (combinations with subscript consonants vs. character sequences).
+
+  References
+
+  Second United Nations Conference on the Standardization of Geographical Names. London, 10–31 May 1972. Vol. II. Technical papers.
+  United Nations. New York 1974, pp. 136–138.
+
+  Third United Nations Conference on the Standardization of Geographical Names. Athens, 17 August – 7 September 1977. Vol. II,
+  Technical papers, pp. 393 etc.
+
+
+
+notes:
+  - |
+    These characters are used in combination with abbreviated vowel characters: ਉ u, ਊ ū, ਅ a, ਆ ā, ਐ ai, ਔ au, ਇ i, ਈ ī, ਏ e; exceptional variation: ਓ o.
+  - |
+    Dotted variants of the characters: ਸ਼ sha, ਖ਼ ḳha, ਗ਼ g̣a, ਜ਼ za, ਫ਼ fa.
+  - |
+    (ੰ) Used if it is preceded by short vowels (a, i, u) and ū, excluding the independent vowel character ਉ (u, ū), e.g. ਸੰਗ saṁg, ਸਿੰਗ siṁg, ਬੁੰਦਾ buṁdā, ਬੂੰਦ būṁd, ਇੰਜਨ iṁjan.
+  - |
+    (ਂ) Used in all other occasions, e.g. ਝੋਂਕਾ jhoṁkā.
+  - |
+    (ੱ) Marks doubling of the following consonant: ਨਿੱਕਾ nikkā, ਲੱਭਣਾ labhbhṇā, ਕੁੱਤਾ kuttā, ਹਿੱਸਾ hissā, ਲੱਮਾ lammā.
+  - |
+    Absence of the inherent vowel (-a) is not marked in the spelling in any way except for the combinations
+    with subscript characters and those which are doubled by ੱ (adhaka).
+
+tests:
+  - source: "ਪੰਜਾਬ 'ਚ ਵਧ ਰਿਹਾ ਖ਼ੁਦਕੁਸ਼ੀਆਂ ਦਾ ਰੁਝਾਨ"
+    expected: "paṁzāba 'cha vadha rihā khaḳhudakusḳhīāṁ dā rujhāna"
+  - source: "ਲੱਖ ਤੋਂ ਪਾਰ ਪੁੱਜਾ ਸਰਗਰਮ ਕੇਸਾਂ ਦਾ ਅੰਕੜਾ, ਦਿੱਲੀ 'ਚ ਦੋ ਲੱਖ ਤੋਂ ਪਾਰ ਇਨਫੈਕਟਿਡ"
+    expected: "lakkha toṁ pāra puzzā sragarama kesāṁ dā aṁkaṙā, dillī 'cha do lakkha toṁ pāra inaphaikaṭiḍa"
+  - source: "ਪਰਿਵਾਰਕ ਸਮੱਸਿਆਵਾਂ ਅਤੇ ਵਿਆਹ ਵੀ ਹੈ ਹੋਰ ਅਹਿਮ ਕਾਰਨ"
+    expected: "parivāraka smassiāvāṁ ate viāh vī hai hora ahima kārana"
+  - source: "ਮਰਦਾਂ 'ਚ ਔਰਤਾਂ ਨਾਲੋਂ ਵੱਧ ਹੈ ਖ਼ੁਦਕੁਸ਼ੀ ਦਾ ਰੁਝਾਨ"
+    expected: "maradāṁ 'cha auratāṁ nāloṁ vaddha hai khaḳhudakusḳhī dā rujhāna"
+  - source: "ਰਾਸ਼ਟਰੀ ਪੱਧਰ 'ਤੇ ਪੰਜਾਬ ਦੀ ਸਥਿਤੀ ਕਾਫ਼ੀ ਸੂਬਿਆਂ ਤੋਂ ਬਿਹਤਰ"
+    expected: "rāsṭarī paddhara 'te paṁzāba dī sthitī kāphaḳhī sūbiāṁ toṁ bihtara"
+  - source: "ਚੀਨੀ ਸੈਨਾ ਨੇ ਲਾਪਤਾ ਅਰੁਣਾਚਲ ਦੇ 5 ਨੌਜਵਾਨਾਂ ਬਾਰੇ ਦੱਸਿਆ"
+    expected: "chīnī sainā ne lāpatā aruṇāchala de 5 naujavānāṁ bāre dassiā"
+  - source: "ਸਾਖਰਤਾ ਦੇ ਮਾਮਲੇ 'ਚ ਦੇਸ਼ 'ਚ 7ਵੇਂ ਨੰਬਰ 'ਤੇ ਪੰਜਾਬ"
+    expected: "sākharatā de māmale 'cha des 'cha 7veṁ naṁbara 'te paṁzāba"
+  - source: "ਦਿੱਲੀ ਕਮੇਟੀ ਦੇ ਮੈਂਬਰ ਸ਼ੰਟੀ ਨੇ ਅਕਾਲੀ ਦਲ ਤੋਂ ਦਿੱਤਾ ਅਸਤੀਫ਼ਾ"
+    expected: "dillī kameṭī de maiṁbara sṁṭī ne akālī dala toṁ dittā astīphaḳhā"
+  - source: "੧੦੨ ਹੋਰ ਕੋਰੋਨਾ ਪਾਜ਼ੀਟਿਵ ਮਰੀਜ਼ਾਂ ਦੀ ਪੁਸ਼ਟੀ, ਇਕ ਦੀ ਮੌਤ"
+    expected: "102 hora koronā pājaḳhīṭiva marījaḳhāṁ dī pusṭī, ika dī mauta"
+  - source: "ਸੜਕ ਹਾਦਸੇ ਦੌਰਾਨ ਇਕ ਦੀ ਮੌਤ"
+    expected: "sṙaka hādase daurāna ika dī mauta"
+
+map:
+
+  rules:
+    - pattern: (?<!ੱ)([ਕ]=?)(?=[\u0a3e\u0a3f\u0a40\u0a41\u0a42\u0a47\u0a48\u0a4b\u0a4c\u0a4d])
+      result:  'k'
+    - pattern: (?<!ੱ)([ਖ]=?)(?=[\u0a3e\u0a3f\u0a40\u0a41\u0a42\u0a47\u0a48\u0a4b\u0a4c\u0a4d])
+      result:  'kh'
+    - pattern: (?<!ੱ)([ਖ਼]=?)(?=[\u0a3e\u0a3f\u0a40\u0a41\u0a42\u0a47\u0a48\u0a4b\u0a4c\u0a4d])
+      result:  'ḳh'
+    - pattern: (?<!ੱ)([ਗ]=?)(?=[\u0a3e\u0a3f\u0a40\u0a41\u0a42\u0a47\u0a48\u0a4b\u0a4c\u0a4d])
+      result:  'g'
+    - pattern: (?<!ੱ)([ਗ਼]=?)(?=[\u0a3e\u0a3f\u0a40\u0a41\u0a42\u0a47\u0a48\u0a4b\u0a4c\u0a4d])
+      result:  'g̣'
+    - pattern: (?<!ੱ)([ਘ]=?)(?=[\u0a3e\u0a3f\u0a40\u0a41\u0a42\u0a47\u0a48\u0a4b\u0a4c\u0a4d])
+      result:  'gh'
+    - pattern: (?<!ੱ)([ਙ]=?)(?=[\u0a3e\u0a3f\u0a40\u0a41\u0a42\u0a47\u0a48\u0a4b\u0a4c\u0a4d])
+      result:  'ṅ'
+    - pattern: (?<!ੱ)([ਚ]=?)(?=[\u0a3e\u0a3f\u0a40\u0a41\u0a42\u0a47\u0a48\u0a4b\u0a4c\u0a4d])
+      result:  'ch'
+    - pattern: (?<!ੱ)([ਛ]=?)(?=[\u0a3e\u0a3f\u0a40\u0a41\u0a42\u0a47\u0a48\u0a4b\u0a4c\u0a4d])
+      result:  'chh'
+    - pattern: (?<!ੱ)([ਜ਼]=?)(?=[\u0a3e\u0a3f\u0a40\u0a41\u0a42\u0a47\u0a48\u0a4b\u0a4c\u0a4d])
+      result:  'z'
+    - pattern: (?<!ੱ)([ਜ]=?)(?=[\u0a3e\u0a3f\u0a40\u0a41\u0a42\u0a47\u0a48\u0a4b\u0a4c\u0a4d])
+      result:  'j'
+    - pattern: (?<!ੱ)([ਝ]=?)(?=[\u0a3e\u0a3f\u0a40\u0a41\u0a42\u0a47\u0a48\u0a4b\u0a4c\u0a4d])
+      result:  'jh'
+    - pattern: (?<!ੱ)([ਞ]=?)(?=[\u0a3e\u0a3f\u0a40\u0a41\u0a42\u0a47\u0a48\u0a4b\u0a4c\u0a4d])
+      result:  'ñ'
+    - pattern: (?<!ੱ)([ਟ]=?)(?=[\u0a3e\u0a3f\u0a40\u0a41\u0a42\u0a47\u0a48\u0a4b\u0a4c\u0a4d])
+      result:  'ṭ'
+    - pattern: (?<!ੱ)([ਠ]=?)(?=[\u0a3e\u0a3f\u0a40\u0a41\u0a42\u0a47\u0a48\u0a4b\u0a4c\u0a4d])
+      result:  'ṭh'
+    - pattern: (?<!ੱ)([ਡ]=?)(?=[\u0a3e\u0a3f\u0a40\u0a41\u0a42\u0a47\u0a48\u0a4b\u0a4c\u0a4d])
+      result:  'ḍ'
+    - pattern: (?<!ੱ)([ਢ]=?)(?=[\u0a3e\u0a3f\u0a40\u0a41\u0a42\u0a47\u0a48\u0a4b\u0a4c\u0a4d])
+      result:  'ḍh'
+    - pattern: (?<!ੱ)([ਣ]=?)(?=[\u0a3e\u0a3f\u0a40\u0a41\u0a42\u0a47\u0a48\u0a4b\u0a4c\u0a4d])
+      result:  'ṇ'
+    - pattern: (?<!ੱ)([ਤ]=?)(?=[\u0a3e\u0a3f\u0a40\u0a41\u0a42\u0a47\u0a48\u0a4b\u0a4c\u0a4d])
+      result:  't'
+    - pattern: (?<!ੱ)([ਥ]=?)(?=[\u0a3e\u0a3f\u0a40\u0a41\u0a42\u0a47\u0a48\u0a4b\u0a4c\u0a4d])
+      result:  'th'
+    - pattern: (?<!ੱ)([ਦ]=?)(?=[\u0a3e\u0a3f\u0a40\u0a41\u0a42\u0a47\u0a48\u0a4b\u0a4c\u0a4d])
+      result:  'd'
+    - pattern: (?<!ੱ)([ਧ]=?)(?=[\u0a3e\u0a3f\u0a40\u0a41\u0a42\u0a47\u0a48\u0a4b\u0a4c\u0a4d])
+      result:  'dh'
+    - pattern: (?<!ੱ)([ਨ]=?)(?=[\u0a3e\u0a3f\u0a40\u0a41\u0a42\u0a47\u0a48\u0a4b\u0a4c\u0a4d])
+      result:  'n'
+    - pattern: (?<!ੱ)([ਪ]=?)(?=[\u0a3e\u0a3f\u0a40\u0a41\u0a42\u0a47\u0a48\u0a4b\u0a4c\u0a4d])
+      result:  'p'
+    - pattern: (?<!ੱ)([ਫ]=?)(?=[\u0a3e\u0a3f\u0a40\u0a41\u0a42\u0a47\u0a48\u0a4b\u0a4c\u0a4d])
+      result:  'ph'
+    - pattern: (?<!ੱ)([ਫ਼]=?)(?=[\u0a3e\u0a3f\u0a40\u0a41\u0a42\u0a47\u0a48\u0a4b\u0a4c\u0a4d])
+      result:  'f'
+    - pattern: (?<!ੱ)([ਬ]=?)(?=[\u0a3e\u0a3f\u0a40\u0a41\u0a42\u0a47\u0a48\u0a4b\u0a4c\u0a4d])
+      result:  'b'
+    - pattern: (?<!ੱ)([ਭ]=?)(?=[\u0a3e\u0a3f\u0a40\u0a41\u0a42\u0a47\u0a48\u0a4b\u0a4c\u0a4d])
+      result:  'bh'
+    - pattern: (?<!ੱ)([ਮ]=?)(?=[\u0a3e\u0a3f\u0a40\u0a41\u0a42\u0a47\u0a48\u0a4b\u0a4c\u0a4d])
+      result:  'm'
+    - pattern: (?<!ੱ)([ਯ]=?)(?=[\u0a3e\u0a3f\u0a40\u0a41\u0a42\u0a47\u0a48\u0a4b\u0a4c\u0a4d])
+      result:  'y'
+    - pattern: (?<!ੱ)([ਰ]=?)(?=[\u0a3e\u0a3f\u0a40\u0a41\u0a42\u0a47\u0a48\u0a4b\u0a4c\u0a4d])
+      result:  'r'
+    - pattern: (?<!ੱ)([ਲ]=?)(?=[\u0a3e\u0a3f\u0a40\u0a41\u0a42\u0a47\u0a48\u0a4b\u0a4c\u0a4d])
+      result:  'l'
+    - pattern: (?<!ੱ)([ਲੵ]=?)(?=[\u0a3e\u0a3f\u0a40\u0a41\u0a42\u0a47\u0a48\u0a4b\u0a4c\u0a4d])
+      result:  'l'
+    - pattern: (?<!ੱ)([ਲ਼]=?)(?=[\u0a3e\u0a3f\u0a40\u0a41\u0a42\u0a47\u0a48\u0a4b\u0a4c\u0a4d])
+      result:  'l'
+    - pattern: (?<!ੱ)([ਵ]=?)(?=[\u0a3e\u0a3f\u0a40\u0a41\u0a42\u0a47\u0a48\u0a4b\u0a4c\u0a4d])
+      result:  'v'
+    - pattern: (?<!ੱ)([ੜ]=?)(?=[\u0a3e\u0a3f\u0a40\u0a41\u0a42\u0a47\u0a48\u0a4b\u0a4c\u0a4d])
+      result:  'ṙ'
+    - pattern: (?<!ੱ)([ਸ]=?)(?=[\u0a3e\u0a3f\u0a40\u0a41\u0a42\u0a47\u0a48\u0a4b\u0a4c\u0a4d])
+      result:  's'
+    - pattern: (?<!ੱ)([ਸ਼]=?)(?=[\u0a3e\u0a3f\u0a40\u0a41\u0a42\u0a47\u0a48\u0a4b\u0a4c\u0a4d])
+      result:  'sh'
+    - pattern: (?<!ੱ)([ਹ]=?)(?=[\u0a3e\u0a3f\u0a40\u0a41\u0a42\u0a47\u0a48\u0a4b\u0a4c\u0a4d])
+      result:  'h'
+
+    - pattern: (?<=ੱ)([ਕ]=?)(?=[\u0a3e\u0a3f\u0a40\u0a41\u0a42\u0a47\u0a48\u0a4b\u0a4c\u0a4d])
+      result: 'kk'
+    - pattern: (?<=ੱ)([ਖ]=?)(?=[\u0a3e\u0a3f\u0a40\u0a41\u0a42\u0a47\u0a48\u0a4b\u0a4c\u0a4d])
+      result: 'kkh'
+    - pattern: (?<=ੱ)([ਖ਼]=?)(?=[\u0a3e\u0a3f\u0a40\u0a41\u0a42\u0a47\u0a48\u0a4b\u0a4c\u0a4d])
+      result: 'ḳḳh'
+    - pattern: (?<=ੱ)([ਗ]=?)(?=[\u0a3e\u0a3f\u0a40\u0a41\u0a42\u0a47\u0a48\u0a4b\u0a4c\u0a4d])
+      result: 'gg'
+    - pattern: (?<=ੱ)([ਗ਼]=?)(?=[\u0a3e\u0a3f\u0a40\u0a41\u0a42\u0a47\u0a48\u0a4b\u0a4c\u0a4d])
+      result: 'gg̣'
+    - pattern: (?<=ੱ)([ਘ]=?)(?=[\u0a3e\u0a3f\u0a40\u0a41\u0a42\u0a47\u0a48\u0a4b\u0a4c\u0a4d])
+      result: 'ggh'
+    - pattern: (?<=ੱ)([ਙ]=?)(?=[\u0a3e\u0a3f\u0a40\u0a41\u0a42\u0a47\u0a48\u0a4b\u0a4c\u0a4d])
+      result: 'ṅṅ'
+    - pattern: (?<=ੱ)([ਚ]=?)(?=[\u0a3e\u0a3f\u0a40\u0a41\u0a42\u0a47\u0a48\u0a4b\u0a4c\u0a4d])
+      result: 'cch'
+    - pattern: (?<=ੱ)([ਛ]=?)(?=[\u0a3e\u0a3f\u0a40\u0a41\u0a42\u0a47\u0a48\u0a4b\u0a4c\u0a4d])
+      result: 'cchh'
+    - pattern: (?<=ੱ)([ਜ਼]=?)(?=[\u0a3e\u0a3f\u0a40\u0a41\u0a42\u0a47\u0a48\u0a4b\u0a4c\u0a4d])
+      result: 'zz'
+    - pattern: (?<=ੱ)([ਜ]=?)(?=[\u0a3e\u0a3f\u0a40\u0a41\u0a42\u0a47\u0a48\u0a4b\u0a4c\u0a4d])
+      result: 'jj'
+    - pattern: (?<=ੱ)([ਝ]=?)(?=[\u0a3e\u0a3f\u0a40\u0a41\u0a42\u0a47\u0a48\u0a4b\u0a4c\u0a4d])
+      result: 'jjh'
+    - pattern: (?<=ੱ)([ਞ]=?)(?=[\u0a3e\u0a3f\u0a40\u0a41\u0a42\u0a47\u0a48\u0a4b\u0a4c\u0a4d])
+      result: 'ññ'
+    - pattern: (?<=ੱ)([ਟ]=?)(?=[\u0a3e\u0a3f\u0a40\u0a41\u0a42\u0a47\u0a48\u0a4b\u0a4c\u0a4d])
+      result: 'ṭṭ'
+    - pattern: (?<=ੱ)([ਠ]=?)(?=[\u0a3e\u0a3f\u0a40\u0a41\u0a42\u0a47\u0a48\u0a4b\u0a4c\u0a4d])
+      result: 'ṭṭh'
+    - pattern: (?<=ੱ)([ਡ]=?)(?=[\u0a3e\u0a3f\u0a40\u0a41\u0a42\u0a47\u0a48\u0a4b\u0a4c\u0a4d])
+      result: 'ḍḍ'
+    - pattern: (?<=ੱ)([ਢ]=?)(?=[\u0a3e\u0a3f\u0a40\u0a41\u0a42\u0a47\u0a48\u0a4b\u0a4c\u0a4d])
+      result: 'ḍḍh'
+    - pattern: (?<=ੱ)([ਣ]=?)(?=[\u0a3e\u0a3f\u0a40\u0a41\u0a42\u0a47\u0a48\u0a4b\u0a4c\u0a4d])
+      result: 'ṇṇ'
+    - pattern: (?<=ੱ)([ਤ]=?)(?=[\u0a3e\u0a3f\u0a40\u0a41\u0a42\u0a47\u0a48\u0a4b\u0a4c\u0a4d])
+      result: 'tt'
+    - pattern: (?<=ੱ)([ਥ]=?)(?=[\u0a3e\u0a3f\u0a40\u0a41\u0a42\u0a47\u0a48\u0a4b\u0a4c\u0a4d])
+      result: 'tth'
+    - pattern: (?<=ੱ)([ਦ]=?)(?=[\u0a3e\u0a3f\u0a40\u0a41\u0a42\u0a47\u0a48\u0a4b\u0a4c\u0a4d])
+      result: 'dd'
+    - pattern: (?<=ੱ)([ਧ]=?)(?=[\u0a3e\u0a3f\u0a40\u0a41\u0a42\u0a47\u0a48\u0a4b\u0a4c\u0a4d])
+      result: 'ddh'
+    - pattern: (?<=ੱ)([ਨ]=?)(?=[\u0a3e\u0a3f\u0a40\u0a41\u0a42\u0a47\u0a48\u0a4b\u0a4c\u0a4d])
+      result: 'nn'
+    - pattern: (?<=ੱ)([ਪ]=?)(?=[\u0a3e\u0a3f\u0a40\u0a41\u0a42\u0a47\u0a48\u0a4b\u0a4c\u0a4d])
+      result: 'pp'
+    - pattern: (?<=ੱ)([ਫ]=?)(?=[\u0a3e\u0a3f\u0a40\u0a41\u0a42\u0a47\u0a48\u0a4b\u0a4c\u0a4d])
+      result: 'pph'
+    - pattern: (?<=ੱ)([ਫ਼]=?)(?=[\u0a3e\u0a3f\u0a40\u0a41\u0a42\u0a47\u0a48\u0a4b\u0a4c\u0a4d])
+      result: 'ff'
+    - pattern: (?<=ੱ)([ਬ]=?)(?=[\u0a3e\u0a3f\u0a40\u0a41\u0a42\u0a47\u0a48\u0a4b\u0a4c\u0a4d])
+      result: 'bb'
+    - pattern: (?<=ੱ)([ਭ]=?)(?=[\u0a3e\u0a3f\u0a40\u0a41\u0a42\u0a47\u0a48\u0a4b\u0a4c\u0a4d])
+      result: 'bbh'
+    - pattern: (?<=ੱ)([ਮ]=?)(?=[\u0a3e\u0a3f\u0a40\u0a41\u0a42\u0a47\u0a48\u0a4b\u0a4c\u0a4d])
+      result: 'mm'
+    - pattern: (?<=ੱ)([ਯ]=?)(?=[\u0a3e\u0a3f\u0a40\u0a41\u0a42\u0a47\u0a48\u0a4b\u0a4c\u0a4d])
+      result: 'yy'
+    - pattern: (?<=ੱ)([ਰ]=?)(?=[\u0a3e\u0a3f\u0a40\u0a41\u0a42\u0a47\u0a48\u0a4b\u0a4c\u0a4d])
+      result: 'rr'
+    - pattern: (?<=ੱ)([ਲ]=?)(?=[\u0a3e\u0a3f\u0a40\u0a41\u0a42\u0a47\u0a48\u0a4b\u0a4c\u0a4d])
+      result: 'll'
+    - pattern: (?<=ੱ)([ਲੵ]=?)(?=[\u0a3e\u0a3f\u0a40\u0a41\u0a42\u0a47\u0a48\u0a4b\u0a4c\u0a4d])
+      result: 'll'
+    - pattern: (?<=ੱ)([ਲ਼]=?)(?=[\u0a3e\u0a3f\u0a40\u0a41\u0a42\u0a47\u0a48\u0a4b\u0a4c\u0a4d])
+      result: 'll'
+    - pattern: (?<=ੱ)([ਵ]=?)(?=[\u0a3e\u0a3f\u0a40\u0a41\u0a42\u0a47\u0a48\u0a4b\u0a4c\u0a4d])
+      result: 'vv'
+    - pattern: (?<=ੱ)([ੜ]=?)(?=[\u0a3e\u0a3f\u0a40\u0a41\u0a42\u0a47\u0a48\u0a4b\u0a4c\u0a4d])
+      result: 'ṙṙ'
+    - pattern: (?<=ੱ)([ਸ]=?)(?=[\u0a3e\u0a3f\u0a40\u0a41\u0a42\u0a47\u0a48\u0a4b\u0a4c\u0a4d])
+      result: 'ss'
+    - pattern: (?<=ੱ)([ਸ਼]=?)(?=[\u0a3e\u0a3f\u0a40\u0a41\u0a42\u0a47\u0a48\u0a4b\u0a4c\u0a4d])
+      result: 'ssh'
+    - pattern: (?<=ੱ)([ਹ]=?)(?=[\u0a3e\u0a3f\u0a40\u0a41\u0a42\u0a47\u0a48\u0a4b\u0a4c\u0a4d])
+      result: 'hh'
+
+  characters:
+
+    # I. Vowels and Diphthongs (see Note 1)
+    'ਅ': 'a'
+    'ਆ': 'ā'
+    'ਇ': 'i'
+    'ਈ': 'ī'
+    'ਉ': 'u'
+    'ਊ': 'ū'
+    'ਏ': 'e'
+    'ਐ': 'ai'
+    'ਓ': 'o'
+    'ਔ': 'au'
+
+    'ਾ': "ā"
+    'ਿ': "i"
+    'ੀ': "ī"
+    'ੁ': "u"
+    'ੂ': "ū"
+    'ੇ': "e"
+    'ੈ': "ai"
+    'ੋ': "o"
+    'ੌ': "au"
+
+    # II. Consonants
+    'ਕ': 'ka'
+    'ਖ': 'kha'
+    'ਖ਼': 'ḳha'
+    'ਗ': 'ga'
+    'ਗ਼': 'g̣a'
+    'ਘ': 'gha'
+    'ਙ': 'ṅa'
+    'ਚ': 'cha'
+    'ਛ': 'chha'
+    'ਜ਼': 'za'
+    'ਜ': 'ja'
+    'ਝ': 'jha'
+    'ਞ': 'ña'
+    'ਟ': 'ṭa'
+    'ਠ': 'ṭha'
+    'ਡ': 'ḍa'
+    'ਢ': 'ḍha'
+    'ਣ': 'ṇa'
+    'ਤ': 'ta'
+    'ਥ': 'tha'
+    'ਦ': 'da'
+    'ਧ': 'dha'
+    'ਨ': 'na'
+    'ਪ': 'pa'
+    'ਫ': 'pha'
+    'ਫ਼': 'fa'
+    'ਬ': 'ba'
+    'ਭ': 'bha'
+    'ਮ': 'ma'
+    'ਯ': 'ya'
+    'ਰ': 'ra'
+    'ਲ': 'la'
+    'ਲੵ': 'la'
+    'ਲ਼': 'la'
+    'ਵ': 'va'
+    'ੜ': 'ṙa'
+    'ਸ': 's'
+    'ਸ਼': 'sha'
+    'ਹ': 'h'
+    'ਂ': 'ṁ'
+    'ੰ': 'ṁ'
+
+    # Adhik character doubling of the following consonant[Note 5]
+    'ੱਕ': 'kka'
+    'ੱਖ': 'kkha'
+    'ੱਖ਼': 'ḳḳha'
+    'ੱਗ': 'gga'
+    'ੱਗ਼': 'gg̣a'
+    'ੱਘ': 'ggha'
+    'ੱਙ': 'ṅṅa'
+    'ੱਚ': 'ccha'
+    'ੱਛ': 'cchha'
+    'ੱਜ਼': 'zza'
+    'ੱਜ': 'jja'
+    'ੱਝ': 'jjha'
+    'ੱਞ': 'ñña'
+    'ੱਟ': 'ṭṭa'
+    'ੱਠ': 'ṭṭha'
+    'ੱਡ': 'ḍḍa'
+    'ੱਢ': 'ḍḍha'
+    'ੱਣ': 'ṇṇa'
+    'ੱਤ': 'tta'
+    'ੱਥ': 'ttha'
+    'ੱਦ': 'dda'
+    'ੱਧ': 'ddha'
+    'ੱਨ': 'nna'
+    'ੱਪ': 'ppa'
+    'ੱਫ': 'ppha'
+    'ੱਫ਼': 'ffa'
+    'ੱਬ': 'bba'
+    'ੱਭ': 'bbha'
+    'ੱਮ': 'mma'
+    'ੱਯ': 'yya'
+    'ੱਰ': 'rra'
+    'ੱਲ': 'lla'
+    'ੱਲੵ': 'lla'
+    'ੱਲ਼': 'lla'
+    'ੱਵ': 'vva'
+    'ੱੜ': 'ṙṙa'
+    'ੱਸ': 'ss'
+    'ੱਸ਼': 'ssha'
+    'ੱਹ': 'hh'
+
+    # Adhik character doubling of the following consonant and ends with ੍ [Note 5]
+    'ੱਕ੍': 'kk'
+    'ੱਖ੍': 'kkh'
+    'ੱਖ਼੍': 'ḳḳh'
+    'ੱਗ੍': 'gg'
+    'ੱਗ਼੍': 'gg̣'
+    'ੱਘ੍': 'ggh'
+    'ੱਙ੍': 'ṅṅ'
+    'ੱਚ੍': 'cch'
+    'ੱਛ੍': 'cchh'
+    'ੱਜ਼੍': 'zz'
+    'ੱਜ੍': 'jj'
+    'ੱਝ੍': 'jjh'
+    'ੱਞ੍': 'ññ'
+    'ੱਟ੍': 'ṭṭ'
+    'ੱਠ੍': 'ṭṭh'
+    'ੱਡ੍': 'ḍḍ'
+    'ੱਢ੍': 'ḍḍh'
+    'ੱਣ੍': 'ṇṇ'
+    'ੱਤ੍': 'tt'
+    'ੱਥ੍': 'tth'
+    'ੱਦ੍': 'dd'
+    'ੱਧ੍': 'ddh'
+    'ੱਨ੍': 'nn'
+    'ੱਪ੍': 'pp'
+    'ੱਫ੍': 'pph'
+    'ੱਫ਼੍': 'ff'
+    'ੱਬ੍': 'bb'
+    'ੱਭ੍': 'bbh'
+    'ੱਮ੍': 'mm'
+    'ੱਯ੍': 'yy'
+    'ੱਰ੍': 'rr'
+    'ੱਲ੍': 'll'
+    'ੱਲੵ੍': 'll'
+    'ੱਲ਼੍': 'll'
+    'ੱਵ੍': 'vv'
+    'ੱੜ੍': 'ṙṙ'
+    'ੱਸ੍': 'ss'
+    'ੱਸ਼੍': 'ssh'
+    'ੱਹ੍': 'hh'
+
+
+    # III. Subscript consonant characters
+    "੍ਹ": "-h"
+    "੍ਵ": "-v"
+    "੍ਰ": "-r"
+    "੍ਯ": "-y"
+
+    "੍": ""
+    "ੱ": ""
+    "਼": ""
+
+    # digits
+    '੦': '0'
+    '੧': '1'
+    '੨': '2'
+    '੩': '3'
+    '੪': '4'
+    '੫': '5'
+    '੬': '6'
+    '੭': '7'
+    '੮': '8'
+    '੯': '9'