gphys 1.1.1 → 1.2.2

data/doc/ep_flux/math-doc/document.tex

@@ -1,2018 +0,0 @@
-% TITLE     NumRu::GPhys::EP_Flux
-%
-% HISTORY   2004/08/09 �͸�����
-%           2004/11/12 �͸����� ( �ǿ����� )
-%           2005/02/13 ��������
-%
-
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-\Dtitle[NumRu::GPhys::EP\_Flux]{NumRu::GPhys::EP\_Flux \\�����ɥ������}
-\Dauthor[�ϵ�ή����Ǿ�����]{�ϵ�ή����Ǿ�����}
-\Dfile{}
-
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-%\def\thefigure{\arabic{section}.\arabic{figure}}
-%\def\thetable{\arabic{section}.\arabic{table}}
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-%\def\thesection{\arabic{section}}
-%\def\theequation{\arabic{section}.\arabic{equation}}
-\def\thepage{\arabic{page}}
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-\begin{document}
-
-%%% �����ȥ�ڡ�������
-\maketitle
-
-%%% �ܼ��ڡ�������
-\tableofcontents
-
-\chapter{�Ϥ����}
-
-NumRu::GPhys::EP\_Flux �� Eliassen-Palm �ե�å���(EP �ե�å���)
-����ӻĺ��۴Ĥ�׻�����᥽�åɤ򽸤᤿�⥸�塼��Ǥ���. 
-�����Ǥ�, ��ľ��ɸ�Ȥ����п����Ϻ�ɸ���Ѥ���
-���ɸ�Ϥˤ�����ץ�ߥƥ���������(���Ϲ�������򤷤ʤ�) 
-EP �ե�å����Τ���Υ᥽�åɤ������Ѱդ���Ƥ���.
-����Ū�ˤ� Plumb �ե�å����� Takaya-Nakamura �ե�å�����׻�����
-�᥽�åɤ⥵�ݡ��Ȥ���ͽ��Ǥ���. 
-�ܥɥ�����ȤǤ� NumRu::GPhys::EP\_Flux �ǻ��Ѥ����
-�����β���ȳƥ᥽�åɤγ����Ԥ�. 
-�ʤ�, NumRu::GPhys::EP\_Flux �Ǥ�, ��ʬ�黻�Τ����, 
-�̥⥸�塼�� NumRu::Derivative ����� NumRu::GPhys::Derivative ��
-��������᥽�åɤ���Ѥ��Ƥ���.
-��ʬ�黻�᥽�åɤ˴ؤ���ܺ٤Ϥ��줾��Υ⥸�塼��Υɥ�����Ȥ�
-���Ȥ��줿��.
-
-
-\chapter{NumRu::GPhys::EP\_Flux �Ƿ׻���������}
-
-�ܾϤǤ� NumRu::GPhys::EP\_Flux ������������̤β����Ԥ�.
-������ǥ�� Andrews {\it et al}.(1987) ���� 3 �Ϥ˴�Ť�.
-
-\section{�Ϥ�����}
-\Dseclab{����}
-
-���̾���絤��ͤ���.
-�絤�θ����Ͽ�ʿ�����ι�������������, 
-��ľ�������ſ尵ʿ�դ�����Ω�Ĥ�ΤȤ���. 
-���ٷ��ٺ�ɸ�Ϥ��Ѥ�, ���� $\lambda$ ���������, 
-���� $\phi$ �����̸���������Ȥ�. 
-��ľ��ɸ�ˤ��п����Ϻ�ɸ$z^*$
-\begin{eqnarray}\Deqlab{logp}
-  z^* &=& -H \ln(p/p_s),\ \ \ \ H = \frac{R_{d} T_s}{g_0}
-\end{eqnarray}
-���Ѥ���. 
-������ $H$ �ϥ�������ϥ���, 
-$R_{d}$ �ϴ�������ε������
-(���׵�������� $R$, ���������ʬ���̤� $w$ �Ȥ����
- $R_{d} = R/w$), 
-$T_s$ ��ɸ�໲�Ȳ���(���), 
-$g_0$����ɽ�̤ˤ�������ϲ�®��(���), 
-$p$�ϰ���, $p_s$ �ϻ��Ȱ��ϤǤ���.
-$p_s$ �Ȥ�����ɽ�̰��Ϥ���ɽ��(���)���Ѥ���. 
-
-\section{EP �ե�å���}
-\Dseclab{EP �ե�å���}
-
-�ܥ⥸�塼��Ǥ�����Ⱦ�¤ȸ�Ҥ� $\rho_s$ �ǵ��ʲ����� EP �ե�å���
-(�ʹ�, ���ʲ����� EP �ե�å���)��׻�, ���Ϥ���.
-���ʲ����� EP �ե�å�����
-  \begin{subequations}\Deqlab{normalized_F}
-  \begin{align}
-      \Deqlab{normalized_epflx_phi}
-      \hat{F}_\phi  &\equiv \sigma
-      \cos \phi \left(
-        \DP{\overline{u}}{z^*}
-        \frac{\overline{v'\theta'}}{\DP{\overline{\theta}}{z^*}} - \overline{u'v'}
-      \right), \\
-      \Deqlab{normalized_epflx_z^*}
-      \hat{F}_{z^*} &\equiv \sigma 
-      \cos \phi \left(
-         \left[ f - \Dinv{a\cos\phi}{\DP{\overline{u}\cos \phi}{\phi}} \right]
-         \frac{\overline{v'\theta'}}{\DP{\overline{\theta}}{z^*}} - \overline{u'w'}
-      \right)
-  \end{align}
-\end{subequations}
-����������. 
-������$\hat{F}_\phi$, $\hat{F}_{z^*}$ �Ϥ��줾��
-���ʲ����줿 EP �ե�å����� $\phi$ ��ʬ, $z^*$ ��ʬ�Ǥ���.
-$\overline{\bullet}$ �����������顼ʿ����, 
-$\bullet'$ �����������顼ʿ���̤���Τ����ɽ��. 
-$u, v, w$ �Ϥ��줾��������®, ������®, �п�����®�٤�
-\begin{eqnarray*}
-  (u, v, w) &\equiv& \left(a\cos\phi\DD{\lambda}{t}, a\DD{\phi}{t}, \DD{z^*}{t}\right)
-\end{eqnarray*}
-����������. 
-$\theta$ �ϲ���, $a$ ������Ⱦ��(���)�Ǥ���.
-$\sigma$ ��
-\begin{align}
-  \sigma \equiv \frac{\rho_0}{\rho_s} = \exp\left(\frac{-z^*}{H}\right),
-\end{align}
-�Ǥ���. 
-������, $\rho_0$ �ϴ��ܾ��̩�٤�
-\begin{eqnarray*} \Deqlab{basic_density}
-  \rho_0(z^*) &\equiv& \rho_s e^{-z^*/H}, \hspace{2em} \rho_s \equiv p_s/RT_s
-\end{eqnarray*}
-�Ǥ���. 
-$f$�ϥ��ꥪ��ѥ�᡼����
-\begin{eqnarray} \Deqlab{colioli}
-  f = 2 \Omega \sin \phi = \frac{4 \pi}{T_{rot}} \sin \phi
-\end{eqnarray}
-����������. 
-$\Omega$ �ϼ�ž��®��, $T_{rot}$�ϼ�ž�����Ǥ���.
-�ܥ⥸�塼��Ǥ�, ��ž��®�٤��ѹ����뤿��ˤ�
-$T_{rot}$ ���ͤ�Ϳ������ͤˤʤäƤ���.
-
-
-����, Andrews {\it et al}. (1987) �Ǽ�����Ƥ���
-EP �ե�å����ϼ��Τ褦���������� 
-%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
-%    \item EP �ե�å���
-%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
-\begin{subequations}
-  \begin{align}
-      \Deqlab{epflx_phi}
-        {F_\phi} =& \rho_0 a
-        \cos \phi \left(\DP{\overline{u}}{\overline{z^*}}
-        \frac{\overline{v'\theta'}}{\DP{\overline{\theta}}{z^*}} - \overline{u'v'}\right)\\
-      \Deqlab{epflx_z^*}
-        {F_z^*} =& \rho_0 a
-        \cos \phi \left(\left[ f - \frac{\DP{\overline{u}\cos \phi}{\phi}}{a\cos\phi} \right]
-       \frac{\overline{v'\theta'}}{\DP{\overline{\theta}}{z^*}} - \overline{u'w'}\right).
-  \end{align}
-\end{subequations}
-������$F_\phi$, $F_{z^*}$�Ϥ��줾�� EP �ե�å�����$\phi$��ʬ, $z^*$��ʬ�Ǥ���.
-$F_y, F_z^*$ �� $\hat{F_y}, \hat{F_z^*}$ �ϰʲ��Τ褦�˴ط��դ�����.
-\begin{align}
-  \Deqlab{relation_F_vs_F^}
-  (F_y, F_z^*) = a\rho_s(\hat{F_y}, \hat{F_{z^*}})
-\end{align}
-
-\section{�ĺ��۴�}
-
-�ĺ��۴�$(0, \overline{v}^*, \overline{w}^*)$�ϰʲ��η�����������.
-\begin{subequations}\Deqlab{residual}
-  \begin{align}
-  \Deqlab{residual_v}
-  \overline{v}^* &\equiv \overline{v} 
-   - \Dinv{\rho_0}\DP{}{z^*}\left(\rho_0\frac{\overline{v'\theta'}}
-                   {\DP{\overline{\theta}}{z^*}}\right)\notag\\
-                 &= \overline{v} 
-   - \Dinv{\sigma}\DP{}{z^*}\left(\sigma\frac{\overline{v'\theta'}}
-                   {\DP{\overline{\theta}}{z^*}}\right)\\
-  \Deqlab{residual_w}
-  \overline{w}^* &\equiv \overline{w} 
-   + \Dinv{a \cos\phi}\DP{}{\phi}\left(\cos\phi\frac{\overline{v'\theta'}}
-                   {\DP{\overline{\theta}}{z^*}}\right)
-  \end{align}
-\end{subequations}
-
-\section{ʿ������ή�μ�}
-
-���ʲ����� EP �ե�å������Ѥ����, TEM �Ϥˤ����� $u$ �μ���
-�ʲ��Τ褦�ˤʤ�.
-\begin{eqnarray}
-      \Deqlab{transformed_euler_mean_pe_momentum_x_with_F^}& &
-      \DP{\overline{u}}{t}
-        + \overline{v}^*\left[\Dinv{a\cos\phi}\DP{}{\phi}(\overline{u}\cos\phi) - f\right]
-        + \overline{w}^*\DP{\overline{u}}{z^*}
-        - \overline{X} =
-        \Dinv{\sigma \cos\phi}\Ddiv\Dvect{\hat{F}}.
-\end{eqnarray}
-
-
-\section{�Ҹ��̾��ȯ���黻��}
-
-�Ҹ��̤ˤ�����ȯ���黻�Ҥ�, $\Dvect{F}$ ��Ǥ�դΥ٥��ȥ뤷������
-�ʲ��η�����������.
-\begin{align}
-  \Deqlab{div}
-  \Ddiv{} \Dvect{F}= \Dinv{a \cos \phi} \DP{(\cos \phi F_{\phi})}{\phi} 
-                    + \DP{F_{z^{*}}}{z^*}
-\end{align}
-
-
-\section{����ή���ؿ�}
-
-�ĺ��۴Ĥμ���ή���ؿ� $\Psi^*$ ��
-\begin{subequations}
-  \begin{align}
-    \sigma \overline{v}^* &= -g\Dinv{2\pi a \cos\phi }\DP{\Psi^*}{z^{*}}, \\
-    \sigma \overline{w}^* &= g\Dinv{2\pi a^2\cos\phi}\DP{\Psi^*}{\phi}
-  \end{align}
-\end{subequations}
-���������. 
-�弰����ʬ���� $\Psi^*$ ����뤿���, 
-�ܥ⥸�塼��Ǥ� \Deqref{logp} ����Ѥ���
-�п����Ϻ�ɸ ($z^*$) �Ϥ��鰵�Ϻ�ɸ($p$)�Ϥ�
-\begin{align}
-  \DP{}{z^*}\Psi^* &= -\frac{p}{H}\DP{}{p}\Psi^*
-\end{align}
-���Ѵ���, �絤��ü($p=0$)�ˤ����� $\Psi^* = 0$ �Ȥ�����ʬ��
-\begin{align}
-  \Psi^*(\theta, p) = \frac{2\pi a \cos\phi}{g} \int_{0}^{p}\overline{v}^*\Dd p
-\end{align}
-�ȼ���ή���ؿ���Ƴ���Ƥ���.
-%\footnote{   (2005/1/27 ����) ���ɤ�����ä�?\\
-%             (2005/1/27 �͸�) �ɤ���Ǥ�}
-
-
-\section{�ѿ��Ѵ�}
-
-EP\_Flux �⥸�塼��Ǥ�Ϳ����줿�ǡ����˱�����
-�ѿ��Ѵ���ܤ���礬����. �����Ѵ��ϰʲ��Τ褦�˹Ԥ�.
-
-\vspace{5mm}
-
-���Ϥ����ǡ����α�ľ�����������Ǥ��ä����, 
-�ʲ��δط������Ѥ��ƹ��ټ����Ѵ���, �׻���Ԥ�.
-\begin{subequations}
-\begin{align}
-    z^* &= -H \log \left( \frac{p}{p_{00}} \right),\\
-    p &= p_{00} \exp \left( -\frac{z^*}{H} \right) \Deqlab{p-henkan}
-\end{align}
-\end{subequations}
-������$p$�ϰ���, $p_{00}$����ɽ�̻��͵���(���)�Ǥ���.
-
-\vspace{5mm}
-
-���Ϥ�$\theta$��$w$ �Ǥʤ�, ����$T$, ���ϡ�®�١�$\omega \equiv Dp/Dt$
-�ξ��Ϥ��줾��򸵤�$w$, $\theta$�����ɬ�פ�����. �ܥ⥸�塼��Ǥϰʲ��μ�
-���Ѥ���$w, \theta$�����.
-\begin{align}
-  w &= -\omega H / p\\
-  \theta &= T \left(\frac{p_{00}}{p}\right)^\kappa, \kappa = R/C_p
-\end{align}
-������$R$, $C_p$�Ϥ��줾�촥������ε������������갵��Ǯ�Ǥ���. 
-%$\theta$ �� \Deqref{p-henkan} ���Ѥ����
-%\begin{align}
-%  \theta = T\exp \left( \frac{\kappa z^*}{H} \right )
-%\end{align}
-%�Ƚ񤯤��Ȥ�Ǥ���
-%\footnotemark.
-%\footnotetext{ (2005/2/13 ����) ���μ���ɬ�פʤΤǤ��礦��?
-%               (2005/2/17 ����) ���μ���ȤäƤ��Ǥ���. �����ư��
-%��
-%}
-
-
-%\chapter{�᥽�åɤΥ�ե���󥹥ޥ˥奢��}
-% ���: ����Ū�ˤϥ᥽�åɥ�ե����(���ܸ�)�������???
-
-
-
-\appendix
-
-\chapter{�ץ�ߥƥ����������Ϥ��ѷ������顼ʿ�Ѥ�����}
-\Dchaplab{Ƴ��}
-
-�ܾϤǤ��ѷ������顼ʿ���������Ϥ�EP �ե�å��� ����ӻĺ��۴Ĥδط����
-ǧ����. �ޤ��п����Ϻ�ɸ�Ϥ��Ѥ������̾�Σ������ץ�ߥƥ�������������
-����. �����Ǥ��Υ����顼ʿ�Ѥ�����ѷ������顼ʿ���������Ϥ�Ƴ�Ф���. ��
-����ѷ������顼ʿ���������˴�Ť� EP �ե�å�������ӻĺ��۴Ĥ��������.
-
-
-\section{���̾���п����Ϻ�ɸ�Ϥˤ�����ץ�ߥƥ���������}
-
-���̾���п����Ϻ�ɸ�Ϥˤ�����ץ�ߥƥ����������ϰʲ����̤�Ǥ���.
-�����Ǥ� Andrews {\it et al.} (1987) �� (3.1.3) ���򻲹ͤˤ���.
-\begin{subequations}\Deqlab{pe}
-    \begin{align}
-      \Deqlab{pe_momentum_x}
-         \DD{u}{t}       &-  \left(f + \frac{u\tan\phi}{a}\right)v
-                                        + \Dinv{a\cos\phi}\DP{\Phi}{\lambda} = X,\\
-      \Deqlab{pe_momentum_y}
-         \DD{v}{t}       &+  \left(f + \frac{u\tan\phi}{a}\right)u 
-                                                   + \Dinv{a}\DP{\Phi}{\phi} = Y,
-\end{align}
-
-\begin{align}
-\Deqlab{pe_momentum_z^*}
-   \DP{\Phi}{z^*} & = \frac{R\theta e^{-\kappa z^*/H}}{H},
-\end{align}
-
-\begin{align}
-\Deqlab{pe_continuity}
-     \Dinv{a\cos\phi} &
-     \left[
-             \DP{u}{\lambda} + \left( \DP{v\cos\phi}{\phi} \right)
-     \right]                                  
-   + \Dinv{\rho_0}\DP{}{z^*}\left(\rho_0 w\right)
- =   0,
-\end{align}
-
-\begin{align}
-      \Deqlab{pe_thermal}
-         \DD{\theta}{t}  &=  Q, 
-\end{align}
-\end{subequations}
-������ $\Phi$ �ϥ����ݥƥ󥷥��ϥ���, 
-$X, Y$ �Ϥ��줾�쳰�Ϥ� $\lambda$��ʬ �� $\phi$��ʬ, 
-$\kappa=R_{d}/c_p$ ($c_p$ ��������Ǯ)�Ǥ���. 
-$Q$������Ǯ��Ǯ���,
-\begin{eqnarray*} \Deqlab{adiabatic_heating_term}
-  Q &=& \frac{J}{C_p}e^{\kappa z^*/H}
-\end{eqnarray*}
-�Ǥ���. 
-$J$ ��ñ�̼��̤����������Ǯ��ǮΨ�Ǥ���. 
-���������������ʳ����ѿ�������ˤĤ��Ƥ� 
-\Dsecref{����}, \Dsecref{EP �ե�å���} ��
-�򻲾ȤΤ���.
-
-
-\section{�����顼ʿ����������}
-
-����ʪ���� $A$ �ˤĤ���, $\phi, z^*, t$ ����ꤷ��
-���������ˤȤä�ʿ��
-\begin{eqnarray} \Deqlab{euler_mean}
-  \overline{A}(\phi, z^*, t) \equiv \Dinv{2\pi}\int_0^{2\pi} A(\lambda, \phi, z^*, t) \Dd \lambda
-\end{eqnarray}
-�򥪥��顼ʿ�ѤȸƤ�.
-�����顼ʿ�Ѥ���Τ���� $A'$ �Ȥ����
-\begin{eqnarray} \Deqlab{euler_eddy}
-  A' = A - \overline{A}
-\end{eqnarray}
-�Ǥ���. 
-����ˤ��, 
-$\overline{A'}=0$, $\partial \overline{A}/\partial\lambda = 0$
-�Ȥʤ�.
-
-\Deqref{pe} ��γ��̤򥪥��顼ʿ�ѤȤ�������Τ����ʬ���ƽ񤯤�
-\begin{subequations}\Deqlab{exp_pe}
-%  \def\theequation{\arabic{section}.\arabic{parentequation}.\arabic{equation}}
-  \begin{align}
-  \Deqlab{exp_pe_momentum_x}
-   & \DP{}{t}(\overline{u} + u') 
-          + \frac{\overline{u} + u'}{a\cos\phi}\DP{}{\lambda}(\overline{u} + u')
-          + \frac{\overline{v} + v'}{a}\DP{}{\phi}(\overline{u} + u')
-          + (\overline{w} + w')\DP{}{z^*}(\overline{u} + u') \notag\\
-   &  \qquad - \left[f + \frac{\tan\phi}{a}(\overline{u} + u')\right](\overline{v} + v')
-       + \Dinv{a\cos\phi}\DP{}{\lambda}(\overline{\Phi} + \Phi') = \overline{X} + X',\\
-  \Deqlab{exp_pe_momentum_y}
-  &  \DP{}{t}(\overline{v} + v') 
-          + \frac{\overline{u} + u'}{a\cos\phi}\DP{}{\lambda}(\overline{v} + v')
-          + \frac{\overline{v} + v'}{a}\DP{}{\phi}(\overline{v} + v')
-          + (\overline{w} + w')\DP{}{z^*}(\overline{v} + v')\notag\\
-  &  \qquad  + \left[f + \frac{\tan\phi}{a}(\overline{u} + u')\right](\overline{u} + u')
-       + \Dinv{a}\DP{}{\phi}(\overline{\Phi} + \Phi') = \overline{Y} +
-   Y',
-   \\
-  \Deqlab{exp_pe_momentum_z^*}
-  &  \DP{}{z^*}(\overline{\Phi} + \Phi') 
-       =  \frac{Re^{-\kappa z^*/H}}{H}(\overline{\theta} + \theta'),\\
-  \Deqlab{exp_pe_continuity}
-  & \Dinv{a\cos\phi} \left[\DP{}{\lambda}(\overline{u} + u')
-       + \DP{}{\phi}\{(\overline{v} + v')\cos\phi\}\right]
-       + \Dinv{\rho_0}\DP{}{z^*}[\rho_0 (\overline{w} + w')] = 0,\\
-  \Deqlab{exp_pe_thermal}
-   & \DP{}{t}(\overline{\theta} + \theta') 
-          + \frac{\overline{u} + u'}{a\cos\phi}\DP{}{\lambda}(\overline{\theta} + \theta')
-          + \frac{\overline{v} + v'}{a}\DP{}{\phi}(\overline{\theta} + \theta')
-          + (\overline{w} + w')\DP{}{z^*}(\overline{\theta} + \theta')\notag\\
-   &  \qquad = \overline{Q} + Q'
-  \end{align}
-\end{subequations}
-�Ȥʤ�. 
-�嵭���ѷ�����, ���դ�ʿ���̤�ʿ����Ʊ�Τ��Ѥι��, 
-���դˤ���ʳ��ι��ޤȤ���
-\begin{subequations}\Deqlab{exp2_pe}
-%  \def\theequation{\arabic{section}.\arabic{parentequation}.\arabic{equation}}
-  \begin{align}
-  \Deqlab{exp2_pe_momentum_x}
-  &  \DP{\overline{u}}{t}
-        + \frac{\overline{u}}{a\cos\phi}\DP{\overline{u}}{\lambda}
-        + \frac{\overline{v}}{a}\DP{\overline{u}}{\phi}
-        + \overline{w}\DP{\overline{u}}{z^*}
-        - f\overline{v} 
-        - \frac{\tan\phi}{a} \overline{u} \ \overline{v}
-        + \Dinv{a\cos\phi}\DP{\overline{\Phi}}{\lambda}
-        - \overline{X} 
- \notag\\
-  & \qquad
-      =    - \DP{u'}{t}
-          - \frac{\overline{u}}{a\cos\phi}\DP{u'}{\lambda}
-          - \frac{u'}{a\cos\phi}\DP{\overline{u}}{\lambda}
-          - \frac{u'}{a\cos\phi}\DP{u'}{\lambda} \notag\\
-    & \qquad \qquad
-          - \frac{\overline{v}}{a}\DP{u'}{\phi}
-          - \frac{v'}{a}\DP{\overline{u}}{\phi}
-          - \frac{v'}{a}\DP{u'}{\phi}
-          - \overline{w}\DP{u'}{z^*}
-          - w'\DP{\overline{u}}{z^*}
-          - w'\DP{u'}{z^*}
-          + fv'\notag\\
-   & \qquad \qquad
-          + \frac{\tan\phi}{a} \overline{u} v'
-          + \frac{\tan\phi}{a} u' \overline{v}
-          + \frac{\tan\phi}{a} u'v'
-%\notag\\
-%    & \qquad
-          - \Dinv{a\cos\phi}\DP{\Phi'}{\lambda}
-          + X',\\
-%
-  \Deqlab{exp2_pe_momentum_y}
-  &  \DP{\overline{v}}{t} 
-        + \frac{\overline{u}}{a\cos\phi}\DP{\overline{v}}{\lambda}
-        + \frac{\overline{v}}{a}\DP{\overline{v}}{\phi}
-        + \overline{w}\DP{\overline{v}}{z^*}
-        + f\overline{u}
-        + \frac{\tan\phi}{a}(\overline{u})^2
-        + \Dinv{a}\DP{\overline{\Phi}}{\phi}
-        - \overline{Y} 
-    \notag\\
-  & \qquad 
-       =   - \DP{v'}{t}
-          - \frac{\overline{u}}{a\cos\phi}\DP{v'}{\lambda}
-          - \frac{u'}{a\cos\phi}\DP{\overline{v}}{\lambda}
-          - \frac{u'}{a\cos\phi}\DP{v'}{\lambda}\notag\\
-  & \qquad \qquad
-          - \frac{\overline{v}}{a}\DP{v'}{\phi}
-          - \frac{v'}{a}\DP{\overline{v}}{\phi}
-          - \frac{v'}{a}\DP{v'}{\phi}
-%\notag\\
-%  & \qquad \qquad
-          - \overline{w}\DP{v'}{z^*}
-          - w'\DP{\overline{v}}{z^*}
-          - w'\DP{v'}{z^*}
-%\notag\\
-%  & \qquad
-          - fu'\notag\\
-  & \qquad \qquad
-          - 2\frac{\tan\phi}{a}\overline{u}u'
-          - \frac{\tan\phi}{a}(u')^2
-%\notag\\
-%  & \qquad
-          - \Dinv{a\cos\phi}\DP{\Phi'}{\phi}
-          + Y',\\
-%
-  \Deqlab{exp2_pe_momentum_z^*}
-  &  \DP{\overline{\Phi}}{z^*} - \frac{Re^{-\kappa z^*/H}}{H}\overline{\theta}
-       = - \DP{\Phi'}{z^*} + \frac{Re^{-\kappa z^*/H}}{H}\theta',\\
-  \Deqlab{exp2_pe_continuity}
-  &  \Dinv{a\cos\phi} \left[\DP{\overline{u}}{\lambda}
-       + \DP{}{\phi}(\overline{v}\cos\phi)\right]
-       + \Dinv{\rho_0}\DP{}{z^*}(\rho_0 \overline{w}) 
-      \notag\\
-  & \qquad
-     =  - \Dinv{a\cos\phi}\left[
-           \DP{u'}{\lambda}
-         + \DP{}{\phi}(v'\cos\phi)
-       \right]
-       - \Dinv{\rho_0}\DP{}{z^*}(\rho_0 w') ,\\
-  \Deqlab{exp2_pe_thermal}
-  &  \DP{\overline{\theta}}{t}
-   + \frac{\overline{u}}{a\cos\phi}\DP{\overline{\theta}}{\lambda}
-   + \frac{\overline{v}}{a}\DP{\overline{\theta}}{\phi}
-   + \overline{w}\DP{\overline{\theta}}{z^*}
-  - \overline{Q} 
- \notag\\
- & \qquad
-   =  - \DP{\theta'}{t}
-      - \frac{\overline{u}}{a\cos\phi}\DP{\theta'}{\lambda}
-      - \frac{u'}{a\cos\phi}\DP{\overline{\theta}}{\lambda}
-      - \frac{u'}{a\cos\phi}\DP{\theta'}{\lambda}
- \notag \\
- & \qquad \qquad
-          - \frac{\overline{v}}{a}\DP{\theta'}{\phi}
-          - \frac{v'}{a}\DP{\overline{\theta}}{\phi}
-          - \frac{v'}{a}\DP{\theta'}{\phi}
-          - \overline{w}\DP{\theta'}{z^*}
-          - w'\DP{\overline{\theta}}{z^*}
-          - w'\DP{\theta'}{z^*}
-          + Q'
-  \end{align}
-\end{subequations}
-�Ƚ񤱤�. 
-\Deqref{exp2_pe} �򥪥��顼ʿ�Ѥ����, 
-\begin{subequations}\Deqlab{euler_mean_pe}
-%  \def\theequation{\arabic{section}.\arabic{parentequation}.\arabic{equation}}
-  \begin{align}
-  \Deqlab{euler_mean_pe_momentum_x}
-  &  \DP{\overline{u}}{t}
-        + \Dinv{a}\overline{v}\DP{\overline{u}}{\phi}
-        + \overline{w}\DP{\overline{u}}{z^*}
-        - f\overline{v} 
-        - \frac{\tan\phi}{a} \overline{u} \ \overline{v}
-        - \overline{X} 
-      \notag\\
-  & \qquad
-    =    - \Dinv{a\cos\phi}\overline{u'\DP{u'}{\lambda}}
-          - \Dinv{a}\overline{v'\DP{u'}{\phi}}
-          - \overline{w'\DP{u'}{z^*}}
-          + \frac{\tan\phi}{a}\overline{u'v'},\\
-%
-\Deqlab{euler_mean_pe_momentum_y}
-  &   \DP{\overline{v}}{t}
-    + \frac{\overline{v}}{a}\DP{\overline{v}}{\phi}
-    + \overline{w} \DP{\overline{v}}{z^*}
-    + f \overline{u}
-    + \frac{\tan \phi}{a} (\overline{u})^2
-    + \Dinv{a}\DP{\overline{\Phi}}{\phi}
-    - \overline{Y}
-     \notag\\
-  & \qquad
-  = - \Dinv{a \cos \phi} \overline{ u' \DP{v'}{\lambda} }
-    - \Dinv{a} \overline{{v'}\DP{v'}{\phi}}
-    - \overline{w'\DP{v'}{z^*}}
-    - \frac{\tan \phi}{a} \overline{u'^2},\\
-%
-\Deqlab{euler_mean_pe_momentum_z^*}
-  &  \DP{\overline{\Phi}}{z^*} 
-     - \frac{Re^{-\kappa z^*/H}}{H}\overline{\theta} = 0,\\
-  \Deqlab{euler_mean_pe_continuity}
-  &  \Dinv{a\cos\phi}
-     \left[
-       \DP{}{\phi}(\overline{v}\cos\phi)
-     \right]
-       + \Dinv{\rho_0}\DP{}{z^*}(\rho_0 \overline{w}) 
-       = 0,\\
-%
-  \Deqlab{euler_mean_pe_thermal}
-  &  \DP{\overline{\theta}}{t}
-        + \frac{\overline{v}}{a}\DP{\overline{\theta}}{\phi}
-        + \overline{w}\DP{\overline{\theta}}{z^*}
-        - \overline{Q} =
-          - \Dinv{a\cos\phi}\overline{u'\DP{\theta'}{\lambda}}
-          - \Dinv{a}\overline{v'\DP{\theta'}{\phi}}
-          - \overline{w'\DP{\theta'}{z^*}}
-  \end{align}
-\end{subequations}
-�Ȥʤ�. 
-������ \Deqref{exp2_pe_continuity}, \Deqref{euler_mean_pe_continuity}
-��������ʿ�Ѥ���Τ���˴ؤ���Ϣ³�μ�
-\begin{eqnarray} \Deqlab{euler_eddy_pe_continuity}
-    \Dinv{a\cos\phi}\left[\DP{u'}{\lambda}
-       + \DP{}{\phi}(v'\cos\phi)\right]
-       + \Dinv{\rho_0}\DP{}{z^*}(\rho_0 w') 
-       = 0
-\end{eqnarray}
-��������. 
-
-\vspace{5mm}
-
-\Deqref{euler_eddy_pe_continuity} ��Ȥä�
-\Deqref{euler_mean_pe_momentum_x} ���ѷ�����.
-\Deqref{euler_eddy_pe_continuity} �� $u'$ �򤫤���
-�����顼ʿ�Ѥ�Ȥ��
-\begin{eqnarray}
-     \Dinv{a \cos \phi} \overline{u'  \DP{u'}{\lambda}}
-   + \Dinv{a} \overline{ u'  \DP{v'}{\phi} }
-   - \frac{\tan \phi}{a} \overline{ u'  v' }
-   + \overline{ u'  \DP{w'}{z^*} }
-   + \Dinv{\rho_0} \DP{\rho_0}{z^*} \overline{ u' w' } 
-       = 0
-\end{eqnarray}
-����� \Deqref{euler_mean_pe_momentum_x} �˲ä����
-\begin{align*}
-    \DP{\overline{u}}{t}&
-        + \Dinv{a}\overline{v}\DP{\overline{u}}{\phi}
-        + \overline{w}\DP{\overline{u}}{z^*}
-        - f\overline{v} 
-        - \frac{\tan\phi}{a}\overline{u}\overline{v}
-        - \overline{X} \notag\\
-& =     - \frac{2}{a\cos\phi} \overline{u'\DP{u'}{\lambda}}
-        - \Dinv{a}\overline{v'\DP{u'}{\phi}}
-        - \overline{w'\DP{u'}{z^*}}
-%\notag\\
-%    & 
-        - \Dinv{a}\overline{u'\DP{v'}{\phi}}
-        + \frac{2\tan\phi}{a}\overline{u'v'}
-        - \overline{u'\DP{w'}{z^*}}
-        - \Dinv{\rho_0} \DP{\rho_0}{z^*} \overline{u'w'}
-\end{align*}
-������
-\begin{align*}
-     - \frac{2}{a\cos\phi} \overline{ u' \DP{u'}{\lambda} }
- & = - \Dinv{a\cos\phi}\overline{\DP{(u')^2}{\lambda}}
-   = 0,\\
-%
-     - \Dinv{a}\overline{v'\DP{u'}{\phi}}
-     - \Dinv{a}\overline{u'\DP{v'}{\phi}}
-     + \frac{2\tan\phi}{a}\overline{u'v'}
- & = - \Dinv{a\cos^2\phi}\DP{}{\phi}(\overline{v'u'}\cos^2\phi), \\
-%
-     - \overline{w'\DP{u'}{z^*}}
-     - \overline{u'\DP{w'}{z^*}}
-     - \Dinv{\rho_0} \DP{\rho_0}{z^*} \overline{u'w'}
- & = - \Dinv{\rho_0}\DP{}{z^*}(\rho_0\overline{w'u'})
-\end{align*}
-���Ѥ����,
-\begin{align*}
- &  \DP{\overline{u}}{t}
-   + \Dinv{a}\overline{v}\DP{\overline{u}}{\phi}
-   + \overline{w}\DP{\overline{u}}{z^*}
-   - f\overline{v} 
-   - \frac{\tan\phi}{a} \overline{u} \ \overline{v}
-   - \overline{X}
-      \notag \\
- & \qquad
-  =  - \Dinv{a\cos^2\phi}\DP{}{\phi}(\overline{v'u'}\cos^2\phi)
-   - \Dinv{\rho_0}\DP{}{z^*}(\rho_0\overline{w'u'})
-\end{align*}
-�Ƚ񤯤��Ȥ��Ǥ���.  
-\Deqref{euler_mean_pe_momentum_y} �˴ؤ��Ƥ�Ʊ�ͤ�, 
-\Deqref{euler_eddy_pe_continuity} �� $v'$ �򤫤���
-�����顼ʿ�Ѥ�Ȥä���
-\begin{eqnarray}
-     \Dinv{a \cos \phi} \overline{ v' \DP{u'}{\lambda} }
-   + \Dinv{a} \overline{ v' \DP{v'}{\phi} }
-   + \frac{\tan \phi}{a} \overline{ v'^2 }
-   + \overline{ v'  \DP{w'}{z^*} }
-   + \Dinv{\rho_0} \DP{\rho_0}{z^*} \overline{ v' w' } 
- =   0
-\end{eqnarray}
-�� \Deqref{euler_mean_pe_momentum_y} �˲ä����
-\begin{align*}
- &     \DP{\overline{v}}{t}
-     + \frac{\overline{v}}{a} \DP{\overline{v}}{\phi}
-     + \overline{w} \DP{\overline{v}}{z^*}
-     + f \overline{u}
-     + \frac{\tan\phi}{a} (\overline{u})^2
-     + \Dinv{a} \DP{\overline{\Phi}}{\phi}
-     - \overline{Y}
-     \notag\\
- & \qquad
-   = - \Dinv{a\cos\phi}\overline{u'\DP{v'}{\lambda}}
-     - \Dinv{a}\overline{{v'}\DP{v'}{\phi}}
-     - \overline{w'\DP{v'}{z^*}}
-     - \frac{\tan\phi}{a} \overline{u'^2}
-     \notag\\
- & \qquad \qquad
-     -  \Dinv{a \cos \phi} \overline{v'  \DP{u'}{\lambda}}
-     - \Dinv{a} \overline{ v'  \DP{v'}{\phi} }
-     + \frac{\tan \phi}{a} \overline{ v'^2 }
-     - \overline{ v'  \DP{w'}{z^*} }
-     - \Dinv{\rho_0} \DP{\rho_0}{z^*} \overline{ v' w' }
-\end{align*}
-��������. 
-������
-\begin{eqnarray}
-       - \Dinv{a\cos\phi}\overline{u'\DP{v'}{\lambda}}
-       - \Dinv{a \cos \phi} \overline{v'  \DP{u'}{\lambda}}
-& = & - \Dinv{a\cos\phi}\overline{\DP{(u' v')}{\lambda}}
-  = 0, \nonumber \\
-%
-      - \Dinv{a} \overline{ v' \DP{v'}{\phi} }
-      - \Dinv{a} \overline{ v' \DP{v'}{\phi} }
-      + \frac{\tan \phi}{a} \overline{ v'^2 }
-& = & 
-      - \Dinv{a \cos \phi} 
-        \DP{}{\phi} \left( \cos \phi \overline{v'^2} \right)
-   \nonumber \\
-%
-   - \overline{w'\DP{v'}{z^*}}
-   - \overline{ v'  \DP{w'}{z^*} }
-   - \Dinv{\rho_0} \DP{\rho_0}{z^*} \overline{ v' w' }
-& = & 
-   - \Dinv{\rho_0} \DP{}{z^*} \left( \rho_0 \overline{ v' w' } \right)
-\end{eqnarray}
-���Ѥ����
-\begin{align*}
- &      \DP{\overline{v}}{t}
-      + \frac{\overline{v}}{a} \DP{\overline{v}}{\phi}
-      + \overline{w}\ DP{\overline{v}}{z^*}
-      + f \overline{u}
-      + \frac{\tan\phi}{a}(\overline{u})^2
-      + \Dinv{a} \DP{\overline{\Phi}}{\phi}
-      - \overline{Y}
-     \notag\\
- & \qquad 
-   =  - \Dinv{a \cos \phi} 
-        \DP{}{\phi} \left( \cos \phi \overline{v'^2} \right)
-      - \frac{\tan\phi}{a} \overline{u'^2}
-      - \Dinv{\rho_0} \DP{}{z^*} \left( \rho_0 \overline{ v' w' } \right)
-\end{align*}
-�Ƚ񤯤��Ȥ��Ǥ���.
-\Deqref{euler_mean_pe_thermal} �ˤĤ��Ƥ�Ʊ�ͤ�, 
-\Deqref{euler_eddy_pe_continuity} �� $\theta'$ �򤫤���
-�����顼ʿ�Ѥ�Ȥä���
-\begin{eqnarray}
-     \Dinv{a \cos \phi} \overline{\theta'  \DP{u'}{\lambda}}
-   + \Dinv{a} \overline{ \theta'  \DP{v'}{\phi} }
-   - \frac{\tan \phi}{a} \overline{ \theta' v' }
-   + \overline{ \theta'  \DP{w'}{z^*} }
-   + \Dinv{\rho_0} \DP{\rho_0}{z^*} \overline{ \theta' w' } 
-       = 0
-\end{eqnarray}
-�� \Deqref{euler_mean_pe_thermal} �˲ä����
-\begin{align*}
-   &  \DP{\overline{\theta}}{t}
-        + \frac{\overline{v}}{a}\DP{\overline{\theta}}{\phi}
-        + \overline{w}\DP{\overline{\theta}}{z^*}
-        - \overline{Q} 
-     \notag\\
-  & \qquad = 
-          - \Dinv{a\cos\phi}\overline{u'\DP{\theta'}{\lambda}}
-          - \Dinv{a}\overline{v'\DP{\theta'}{\phi}}
-          - \overline{w'\DP{\theta'}{z^*}}
-     \notag\\
-  & \qquad \qquad
-   -  \Dinv{a \cos \phi} \overline{\theta'  \DP{u'}{\lambda}}
-   - \Dinv{a} \overline{ \theta'  \DP{v'}{\phi} }
-   + \frac{\tan \phi}{a} \overline{ \theta' v' }
-   - \overline{ \theta'  \DP{w'}{z^*} }
-   - \Dinv{\rho_0} \DP{\rho_0}{z^*} \overline{ \theta' w' } 
-\end{align*}
-��������.
-������
-\begin{eqnarray}
-       - \Dinv{a \cos \phi}\overline{u' \DP{\theta'}{\lambda}}
-       - \Dinv{a \cos \phi} \overline{\theta'  \DP{u'}{\lambda}}
-& = & - \Dinv{a\cos\phi}\overline{\DP{(u' \theta')}{\lambda}}
-  = 0, \nonumber \\
-%
-      - \Dinv{a} \overline{ v' \DP{\theta'}{\phi} }
-      - \Dinv{a} \overline{ \theta' \DP{v'}{\phi} }
-      + \frac{\tan \phi}{a} \overline{ \theta' v' }
-& = & 
-      - \Dinv{a \cos \phi} 
-        \DP{}{\phi} \left( \cos \phi \overline{v' \theta'} \right)
-   \nonumber \\
-%
-   - \overline{w'\DP{\theta'}{z^*}}
-   - \overline{ \theta'  \DP{w'}{z^*} }
-   - \Dinv{\rho_0} \DP{\rho_0}{z^*} \overline{  \theta' w'  }
-& = & 
-   - \Dinv{\rho_0} \DP{}{z^*} \left( \rho_0 \overline{ w' \theta' } \right) 
-             \nonumber
-\end{eqnarray}
-���Ѥ����
-\begin{align*}
-   &  \DP{\overline{\theta}}{t}
-        + \frac{\overline{v}}{a}\DP{\overline{\theta}}{\phi}
-        + \overline{w}\DP{\overline{\theta}}{z^*}
-        - \overline{Q} 
- =     - \Dinv{a \cos \phi} 
-        \DP{}{\phi} \left( \cos \phi \overline{v' \theta'} \right)
-      - \Dinv{\rho_0} \DP{}{z^*} \left( \rho_0 \overline{ w' \theta' } \right) 
-\end{align*}
-�Ȥʤ�.
-
-\vspace{5mm}
-
-�ʾ��ޤȤ���, �ʲ���{\bfseries �����顼ʿ��������}��������.
-\begin{screen}
-\begin{subequations}
-\Deqlab{new_euler_mean_pe}
-%\setcounter{equation}{0} 
-%\begin{itemize}
-%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
-%\item ��ư������
-%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
-\begin{align}
-\Deqlab{new_euler_mean_pe_momentum_x}
-       \DP{\overline{u}}{t}
- &   + \Dinv{a}\overline{v} \DP{\overline{u}}{\phi}
-     + \overline{w} \DP{\overline{u}}{z^*}
-     - f\overline{v} 
-     - \frac{\tan\phi}{a} \overline{u} \ \overline{v}
-     - \overline{X} 
-             \notag\\ 
- & \qquad
-   = - \Dinv{a\cos^2\phi} 
-       \DP{}{\phi} (\overline{v'u'} \cos^2 \phi)
-     - \Dinv{\rho_0} \DP{}{z^*}(\rho_0\overline{w'u'}),\\
-%
-\Deqlab{new_euler_mean_pe_momentum_y}
-       \DP{\overline{v}}{t}
- &   + \frac{\overline{v}}{a} \DP{\overline{v}}{\phi}
-     + \overline{w} \DP{\overline{v}}{z^*}
-     + f \overline{u}
-     + \frac{\tan\phi}{a} (\overline{u})^2
-     + \Dinv{a} \DP{\overline{\Phi}}{\phi}
-     - \overline{Y}
-      \notag\\
- & \qquad
-   = - \Dinv{a\cos\phi}\DP{}{\phi}(\overline{v'^2} \cos\phi)
-     - \Dinv{\rho_0}\DP{}{z^*}(\rho_0\overline{v' w'})
-     - \overline{u'^2}\frac{\tan\phi}{a},
-\end{align}
-%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
-%\item �ſ尵ʿ�դμ�
-%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% 
-\begin{align}
-\Deqlab{new_euler_mean_pe_momentum_z^*}
-        \DP{\overline{\Phi}}{z^*} - \frac{Re^{-\kappa z^*/H}}{H}\overline{\theta} = 0,
-    \end{align}
-%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
-%\item Ϣ³�μ�
-%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% 
-\begin{align}    
-      \Deqlab{new_euler_mean_pe_continuity}
-        \Dinv{a\cos\phi}&
-       \DP{}{\phi}(\overline{v}\cos\phi)
-       + \Dinv{\rho_0}\DP{}{z^*}(\rho_0 \overline{w}) 
-       = 0,
-\end{align}
-%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
-%\item Ǯ�ϳؤμ�
-%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% 
-\begin{align}
-      \Deqlab{new_euler_mean_pe_thermal}
-       \DP{\overline{\theta}}{t}
-        + \frac{\overline{v}}{a}\DP{\overline{\theta}}{\phi}
-        + \overline{w}\DP{\overline{\theta}}{z^*}
-        - \overline{Q} =
-		- \Dinv{a\cos\phi}\DP{}{\phi}(\overline{v'\theta'}\cos\phi)
-		- \Dinv{\rho_0}\DP{}{z^*}(\rho_0\overline{w'\theta'}).
-\end{align}
-%\end{itemize}
- \end{subequations}
-\end{screen}
-
-
-\section{�ѷ������顼ʿ����������}
-
-\Deqref{new_euler_mean_pe} �� EP �ե�å���, �ĺ��۴Ĥ��Ѥ��ƽ�ľ��.
-EP �ե�å���, �ĺ��۴Ĥϰʲ��Τ褦���������.
-\begin{subequations}
-%  \begin{itemize}
-    %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
- %   \item �ĺ��۴�
-    %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
-    \begin{align}
-       \Deqlab{residual_v_app}
-	\overline{v}^* 
-	& =
-     \overline{v} 
-	- \Dinv{\rho_0} \DP{}{z^*}
-	\left( \rho_0 
-	 \frac{\overline{v'\theta'}}
-	 {\overline{\DP{\theta}{z^*}}}
-	\right)
-	\\
-       \Deqlab{residual_w_app} 
-                  \overline{w}^* 
-     & =    \overline{w} 
-                + \Dinv{a \cos\phi} 
-                  \DP{}{\phi}
-                  \left( \cos \phi 
-                         \frac{\overline{v'\theta'}}
-                              {\overline{\DP{\theta}{z^*}}}
-                  \right)
-    \end{align}
- \end{subequations}
-    %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
-%    \item EP �ե�å���
-    %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
-    \begin{eqnarray*}
-        {F_\phi} &=& \rho_0 a
-        \cos \phi \left(\DP{\overline{u}}{\overline{z^*}}
-        \frac{\overline{v'\theta'}}{\DP{\overline{\theta}}{z^*}} -
-     \overline{u'v'}\right) \\
-        {F_z^*} &=& \rho_0 a
-        \cos \phi \left(\left[ f - \frac{\DP{\overline{u}\cos \phi}{\phi}}{a\cos\phi} \right]
-       \frac{\overline{v'\theta'}}{\DP{\overline{\theta}}{z^*}} -
-     \overline{u'w'}\right) 
-    \end{eqnarray*}
-%  \end{itemize}
-
-
-\vspace{5mm}
-
-�ޤ�Ϣ³�μ���񤭴�����.
-\Deqref{new_euler_mean_pe_continuity} ��
-\Deqref{residual_v_app}, \Deqref{residual_w_app} �����������
-\begin{align*}    
-&    \Dinv{a \cos \phi}
-     \DP{}{\phi}\left[
-     \left\{ 
-             \overline{v}^* 
-           + \Dinv{\rho_0} \DP{}{z^*}
-             \left( \rho_0 
-                    \frac{\overline{v'\theta'}}
-                         {\overline{\DP{\theta}{z^*}}}
-             \right)
-     \right\}
-     \cos\phi \right] \\
-& \qquad
-   + \Dinv{\rho_0}
-     \DP{}{z^*} 
-     \left[ \rho_0 
-         \left\{
-              \overline{w}^* 
-            - \Dinv{a \cos\phi} 
-              \DP{}{\phi}
-              \left( \cos \phi 
-                         \frac{\overline{v'\theta'}}
-                              {\overline{\DP{\theta}{z^*}}}
-              \right)
-       \right\}
-     \right]
-       = 0, \\
-%
-& 
-     \Dinv{a \cos \phi}
-     \DP{}{\phi}
-     \left(
-             \overline{v}^* \cos\phi
-     \right)
-   + \Dinv{\rho_0}
-     \DP{}{z^*} 
-     \left( \rho_0  \overline{w}^*  \right) 
-            \\
-& \qquad
-   + \Dinv{a \cos \phi}
-     \DP{}{\phi}
-     \left\{ 
-            \Dinv{\rho_0} \DP{}{z^*}
-             \left( \rho_0 
-                    \frac{\overline{v'\theta'}}
-                         {\overline{\DP{\theta}{z^*}}}
-             \right) \cos\phi
-     \right\}
-   - \Dinv{\rho_0}
-     \DP{}{z^*} 
-     \left\{
-             \rho_0  \Dinv{a \cos\phi} 
-              \DP{}{\phi}
-              \left( \cos \phi 
-                         \frac{\overline{v'\theta'}}
-                              {\overline{\DP{\theta}{z^*}}}
-              \right)
-       \right\}
-       = 0.
-\end{align*}
-�����軰�����͹��������Ф���
-\begin{align*}
-& \qquad 
-     \Dinv{a \cos \phi}
-     \DP{}{\phi}
-     \left\{ 
-            \Dinv{\rho_0} \DP{}{z^*}
-             \left( \rho_0 
-                    \frac{\overline{v'\theta'}}
-                         {\overline{\DP{\theta}{z^*}}}
-             \right) \cos\phi
-     \right\}
-   - \Dinv{\rho_0}
-     \DP{}{z^*} 
-     \left\{
-             \rho_0  \Dinv{a \cos\phi} 
-              \DP{}{\phi}
-              \left( \cos \phi 
-                         \frac{\overline{v'\theta'}}
-                              {\overline{\DP{\theta}{z^*}}}
-              \right)
-       \right\} \\
-& = 
-     \Dinv{a \cos \phi}
-     \left[
-        \DP{}{\phi}
-        \left\{ 
-            \Dinv{\rho_0} \DP{}{z^*}
-             \left( \rho_0 
-                    \frac{\overline{v'\theta'}}
-                         {\overline{\DP{\theta}{z^*}}}
-              \right) \cos\phi
-         \right\}
-       - \Dinv{\rho_0}
-         \DP{}{z^*} 
-         \left\{
-             \rho_0 
-              \DP{}{\phi}
-              \left( \cos \phi 
-                         \frac{\overline{v'\theta'}}
-                              {\overline{\DP{\theta}{z^*}}}
-              \right)
-         \right\}
-     \right]
- \\
-& = 
-     \Dinv{a \cos \phi}
-     \left[
-        \Dinv{\rho_0}
-        \DP{}{\phi}
-        \left\{ 
-             \DP{}{z^*}
-             \left( \rho_0 
-                    \frac{\overline{v'\theta'}}
-                         {\overline{\DP{\theta}{z^*}}}
-                    \cos\phi
-              \right) 
-         \right\}
-       - \Dinv{\rho_0}
-         \DP{}{z^*} 
-         \left\{
-              \DP{}{\phi}
-              \left(\rho_0  \cos \phi 
-                         \frac{\overline{v'\theta'}}
-                              {\overline{\DP{\theta}{z^*}}}
-              \right)
-         \right\}
-     \right]
- \\
-& = 0.
-\end{align*}
-�������ä�, Ϣ³�μ��ϰʲ��Τ褦�ˤʤ�.
-\begin{eqnarray}
-      \Dinv{a \cos \phi}
-     \DP{}{\phi}
-     \left(
-             \overline{v}^* \cos\phi
-     \right)
-   + \Dinv{\rho_0}
-     \DP{}{z^*} 
-     \left( \rho_0  \overline{w}^*  \right) = 0.
-\end{eqnarray}
-
-
-\vspace{5mm}
-
-
-���� $u$ �μ���񤭴�����.
-\Deqref{new_euler_mean_pe_momentum_x} ��
-\Deqref{residual_v_app}, \Deqref{residual_w_app} �����������
-\begin{align}
-     \DP{\overline{u}}{t}&
-   + \Dinv{a}
-     \left[ 
-             \overline{v}^* 
-           + \Dinv{\rho_0} \DP{}{z^*}
-             \left( \rho_0 
-                    \frac{\overline{v'\theta'}}
-                         {\overline{\DP{\theta}{z^*}}}
-             \right)
-     \right]
-     \DP{\overline{u}}{\phi}
-   + \left[
-              \overline{w}^* 
-            - \Dinv{a \cos\phi} 
-              \DP{}{\phi}
-              \left( \cos \phi 
-                         \frac{\overline{v'\theta'}}
-                              {\overline{\DP{\theta}{z^*}}}
-              \right)
-     \right]
-     \DP{\overline{u}}{z^*} \nonumber  \\
-& \qquad \qquad
-   - f 
-          \left[ 
-             \overline{v}^* 
-           + \Dinv{\rho_0} \DP{}{z^*}
-             \left( \rho_0 
-                    \frac{\overline{v'\theta'}}
-                         {\overline{\DP{\theta}{z^*}}}
-             \right)
-     \right]
-   - \frac{\tan \phi}{a} \overline{u} 
-     \left[ 
-             \overline{v}^* 
-           + \Dinv{\rho_0} \DP{}{z^*}
-             \left( \rho_0 
-                    \frac{\overline{v'\theta'}}
-                         {\overline{\DP{\theta}{z^*}}}
-             \right)
-     \right]
-   - \overline{X} 
-             \nonumber \\ & \qquad
- = - \Dinv{a\cos^2\phi} \DP{}{\phi} (\overline{v'u'} \cos^2 \phi)
-   - \Dinv{\rho_0} \DP{}{z^*} (\rho_0\overline{w'u'}),\nonumber \\
-%
-     \DP{\overline{u}}{t}&
-   + \frac{\overline{v}^*}{a} \DP{\overline{u}}{\phi}
-   + \overline{w}^* \DP{\overline{u}}{z^*}
-   - f \overline{v}^* 
-   - \frac{\tan \phi}{a} \overline{u} \  \overline{v}^* 
-   - \overline{X}   \nonumber \\ 
-  & \qquad
- = - \Dinv{a\cos^2\phi} \DP{}{\phi} (\overline{v'u'} \cos^2 \phi)
-   + \Dinv{a \cos\phi} 
-              \DP{}{\phi}
-              \left( \cos \phi 
-                         \frac{\overline{v'\theta'}}
-                              {\overline{\DP{\theta}{z^*}}}
-              \right) \DP{\overline{u}}{z^*} \nonumber \\
- & \qquad \qquad
-   + f \Dinv{\rho_0} \DP{}{z^*}
-     \left( \rho_0 
-                    \frac{\overline{v'\theta'}}
-                         {\overline{\DP{\theta}{z^*}}}
-     \right)
-   - \Dinv{\rho_0} \DP{}{z^*} (\rho_0\overline{w'u'})
-  \nonumber \\
- & \qquad \qquad
-   - \Dinv{\rho_0 a} \DP{}{z^*}
-     \left( \rho_0 
-                    \frac{\overline{v'\theta'}}
-                         {\overline{\DP{\theta}{z^*}}}
-     \right)
-     \DP{\overline{u}}{\phi}
-   + \frac{\tan \phi}{a} \overline{u}  \Dinv{\rho_0} \DP{}{z^*}
-     \left( \rho_0 
-                    \frac{\overline{v'\theta'}}
-                         {\overline{\DP{\theta}{z^*}}}
-     \right), \nonumber \\
-%
-     \DP{\overline{u}}{t}&
-   + \frac{\overline{v}^*}{a \cos \phi} \DP{}{\phi} 
-     \left(  \overline{u} \cos \phi \right)
-   + \overline{w}^* \DP{\overline{u}}{z^*}
-   - f \overline{v}^* 
-   - \overline{X} 
-             \nonumber \\ & \qquad
- = - \Dinv{\rho_0 a^2 \cos^2 \phi} 
-     \DP{}{\phi} (\rho_0 a \overline{v'u'} \cos^2 \phi)
-   + \Dinv{a \cos\phi} 
-              \DP{}{\phi}
-              \left( \cos \phi 
-                         \frac{\overline{v'\theta'}}
-                              {\overline{\DP{\theta}{z^*}}}
-              \right) \DP{\overline{u}}{z^*}
-    \nonumber \\
- & \qquad \qquad
-   + \frac{1}{\rho_0 a \cos \phi} 
-     \DP{}{z^*}
-     \left( f \rho_0  a \cos \phi 
-            \frac{\overline{v'\theta'}}
-                 {\overline{\DP{\theta}{z^*}}}
-     \right)
-   - \frac{1}{\rho_0 a \cos \phi} 
-     \DP{}{z^*} (\rho_0 a \cos \phi  \overline{w'u'})
-  \nonumber \\
- & \qquad \qquad
-   - \Dinv{\rho_0 a} \DP{}{z^*}
-     \left( \rho_0 
-                    \frac{\overline{v'\theta'}}
-                         {\overline{\DP{\theta}{z^*}}}
-     \right)
-     \DP{\overline{u}}{\phi}
-   + \frac{\tan \phi}{a} \overline{u}  \Dinv{\rho_0} \DP{}{z^*}
-     \left( \rho_0 
-                    \frac{\overline{v'\theta'}}
-                         {\overline{\DP{\theta}{z^*}}}
-     \right) \Deqlab{tem-u-tochuu}
-\end{align}
-\Deqref{tem-u-tochuu} �α��դ�ʲ��Τ褦���ѷ�����.
-\begin{align}
-&   - \Dinv{\rho_0 a^2 \cos^2 \phi} 
-     \DP{}{\phi} (\rho_0 a \overline{v'u'} \cos^2 \phi)
-   + \Dinv{\rho_0 a^2 \cos^2 \phi} 
-     \rho_0 a \cos \phi
-     \DP{\overline{u}}{z^*}
-     \DP{}{\phi}
-     \left( \cos \phi 
-            \frac{\overline{v'\theta'}}
-                 {\overline{\DP{\theta}{z^*}}}
-     \right) 
-                     \nonumber \\
- & \qquad \qquad
-   + \frac{1}{\rho_0 a \cos \phi} 
-     \DP{}{z^*}
-     \left( f \rho_0  a \cos \phi 
-            \frac{\overline{v'\theta'}}
-                 {\overline{\DP{\theta}{z^*}}}
-     \right)
-   - \frac{1}{\rho_0 a \cos \phi} 
-     \DP{}{z^*} (\rho_0 a \cos \phi  \overline{w'u'})
-                     \nonumber  \\
- & \qquad \qquad
-   - \Dinv{\rho_0 a} \DP{}{z^*}
-     \left( \rho_0 
-                    \frac{\overline{v'\theta'}}
-                         {\overline{\DP{\theta}{z^*}}}
-            \DP{\overline{u}}{\phi}     
-     \right)
-   + \Dinv{\rho_0 a} 
-     \rho_0 
-     \frac{\overline{v'\theta'}}
-          {\overline{\DP{\theta}{z^*}}}
-     \DP{}{z^*}
-     \left( 
-            \DP{\overline{u}}{\phi}
-     \right)   \nonumber \\
-& \qquad \qquad
-   + \frac{\tan \phi}{\rho_0 a}
-     \DP{}{z^*}
-     \left( \overline{u} \rho_0 
-            \frac{\overline{v'\theta'}}
-                 {\overline{\DP{\theta}{z^*}}}
-     \right)
-   - \frac{\tan \phi}{\rho_0 a}
-     \rho_0 
-     \frac{\overline{v'\theta'}}
-          {\overline{\DP{\theta}{z^*}}}
-     \DP{}{z^*}
-     \left( \overline{u}
-     \right)         \nonumber  \\
-%
-& =
-     \Dinv{\rho_0 a^2 \cos^2 \phi} 
-     \left[
-      -  \DP{}{\phi} (\rho_0 a \overline{v'u'} \cos^2 \phi)
-      +  \rho_0 a \cos \phi
-     \DP{\overline{u}}{z^*}
-     \DP{}{\phi}
-     \left( \cos \phi 
-                         \frac{\overline{v'\theta'}}
-                              {\overline{\DP{\theta}{z^*}}}
-          \right) 
-     \right]                 \nonumber     \\
- & \qquad
-   + \Dinv{\rho_0 a} 
-     \rho_0 
-     \frac{\overline{v'\theta'}}
-          {\overline{\DP{\theta}{z^*}}}
-     \DP{}{z^*}
-     \left( 
-            \DP{\overline{u}}{\phi}
-     \right) 
-   - \frac{\tan \phi}{\rho_0 a}
-     \rho_0 
-     \frac{\overline{v'\theta'}}
-          {\overline{\DP{\theta}{z^*}}}
-     \DP{\overline{u}}{z^*}             \nonumber  \\
- & \qquad
-   + \frac{1}{\rho_0 a \cos \phi} 
-     \DP{}{z^*}
-     \left[
-         \left( f \rho_0  a \cos \phi 
-            \frac{\overline{v'\theta'}}
-                 {\overline{\DP{\theta}{z^*}}}
-         \right)
-       - \rho_0 a \cos \phi  \overline{w'u'}
-     \right]                \nonumber   \\
- & \qquad
-   - \Dinv{\rho_0 a} \DP{}{z^*}
-     \left( \rho_0 
-                    \frac{\overline{v'\theta'}}
-                         {\overline{\DP{\theta}{z^*}}}
-            \DP{\overline{u}}{\phi}     
-     \right)
-   + \frac{\tan \phi}{\rho_0 a}
-     \DP{}{z^*}
-     \left( \overline{u} \rho_0 
-            \frac{\overline{v'\theta'}}
-                 {\overline{\DP{\theta}{z^*}}}
-     \right)          \nonumber      \\
-%
-& =
-     \Dinv{\rho_0 a^2 \cos^2 \phi} 
-     \left[
-      -  \DP{}{\phi} (\rho_0 a \overline{v'u'} \cos^2 \phi)
-      +  \rho_0 a \cos \phi
-     \DP{\overline{u}}{z^*}
-     \DP{}{\phi}
-     \left( \cos \phi 
-                         \frac{\overline{v'\theta'}}
-                              {\overline{\DP{\theta}{z^*}}}
-          \right) 
-     \right]                  \nonumber     \\
- & \qquad
-   + \Dinv{\rho_0 a^2 \cos^2 \phi} 
-     \left[
-        \rho_0 a \cos^2 \phi
-        \frac{\overline{v'\theta'}}
-             {\overline{\DP{\theta}{z^*}}}
-        \DP{}{z^*}
-        \left( 
-             \DP{\overline{u}}{\phi}
-        \right) 
-      - \rho_0 a \cos^2 \phi \tan \phi
-        \frac{\overline{v'\theta'}}
-          {\overline{\DP{\theta}{z^*}}}
-        \DP{\overline{u}}{z^*}
-     \right]                \nonumber   \\
- & \qquad
-   + \frac{1}{\rho_0 a \cos \phi} 
-     \DP{}{z^*}
-     \left[
-         \left( f \rho_0  a \cos \phi 
-            \frac{\overline{v'\theta'}}
-                 {\overline{\DP{\theta}{z^*}}}
-         \right)
-       - \rho_0 a \cos \phi  \overline{w'u'}
-     \right]                \nonumber   \\
- & \qquad
-   + \Dinv{\rho_0 a \cos \phi} 
-     \left[
-       - \cos \phi
-         \DP{}{z^*}
-         \left( \rho_0 
-                \frac{\overline{v'\theta'}}
-                     {\overline{\DP{\theta}{z^*}}}
-                \DP{\overline{u}}{\phi}     
-          \right)
-       + \cos \phi \tan \phi
-         \DP{}{z^*}
-         \left( \overline{u} \rho_0 
-            \frac{\overline{v'\theta'}}
-                 {\overline{\DP{\theta}{z^*}}}
-         \right)
-     \right]                   \nonumber      \\
-%
-& =  \Dinv{\rho_0 a^2 \cos^2 \phi} 
-     \left[
-      -  \DP{}{\phi} (\rho_0 a \overline{v'u'} \cos^2 \phi)
-      +  \rho_0 a \cos \phi
-     \DP{\overline{u}}{z^*}
-     \DP{}{\phi}
-     \left( \cos \phi 
-            \frac{\overline{v'\theta'}}
-                 {\overline{\DP{\theta}{z^*}}}
-     \right) 
-     \right]              \nonumber     \\
- & \qquad
-   + \Dinv{\rho_0 a^2 \cos^2 \phi} 
-     \left[
-        \rho_0 a \cos^2 \phi
-        \frac{\overline{v'\theta'}}
-             {\overline{\DP{\theta}{z^*}}}
-        \DP{}{\phi}
-        \left( 
-             \DP{\overline{u}}{z^*}
-        \right) 
-      + \cos \phi \DP{}{\phi} \left( \rho_0 a \cos \phi \right)
-        \frac{\overline{v'\theta'}}
-          {\overline{\DP{\theta}{z^*}}}
-        \DP{\overline{u}}{z^*}
-     \right]          \nonumber     \\
- & \qquad
-   + \frac{1}{\rho_0 a \cos \phi} 
-     \DP{}{z^*}
-     \left[
-         f \rho_0  a \cos \phi 
-            \frac{\overline{v'\theta'}}
-                 {\overline{\DP{\theta}{z^*}}}
-       - \rho_0 a \cos \phi  \overline{w'u'}
-     \right]                   \nonumber   \\
- & \qquad
-   + \Dinv{\rho_0 a \cos \phi} 
-     \DP{}{z^*}
-     \left[
-       - \rho_0 \cos \phi
-         \frac{\overline{v'\theta'}}
-              {\overline{\DP{\theta}{z^*}}}
-         \DP{\overline{u}}{\phi}     
-       + \sin \phi \overline{u} \rho_0 
-         \frac{\overline{v'\theta'}}
-              {\overline{\DP{\theta}{z^*}}}
-     \right]
-    \Deqlab{tem-u-uhen}
-\end{align}
-\Deqref{tem-u-uhen} ���������������������
-\begin{align*}
-%
-&   \Dinv{\rho_0 a^2 \cos^2 \phi} 
-    \left[
-      -  \DP{}{\phi} (\rho_0 a \overline{v'u'} \cos^2 \phi)
-      +  \rho_0 a \cos \phi
-     \DP{\overline{u}}{z^*}
-     \DP{}{\phi}
-     \left( \cos \phi 
-                         \frac{\overline{v'\theta'}}
-                              {\overline{\DP{\theta}{z^*}}}
-          \right) 
-     \right] 
-    \\
- & \qquad
-   + \Dinv{\rho_0 a^2 \cos^2 \phi} 
-     \left[
-        \rho_0 a \cos^2 \phi
-        \frac{\overline{v'\theta'}}
-             {\overline{\DP{\theta}{z^*}}}
-        \DP{}{\phi}
-        \left( 
-             \DP{\overline{u}}{z^*}
-        \right) 
-      + \cos \phi \DP{}{\phi} \left( \rho_0 a \cos \phi \right)
-        \frac{\overline{v'\theta'}}
-          {\overline{\DP{\theta}{z^*}}}
-        \DP{\overline{u}}{z^*}
-     \right]
-    \\
-%
-& =
-     \Dinv{\rho_0 a^2 \cos^2 \phi} 
-     \left[
-      -  \DP{}{\phi} (\rho_0 a \overline{v'u'} \cos^2 \phi)
-     \right] 
-    \\
- & \qquad
-   + \Dinv{\rho_0 a^2 \cos^2 \phi} 
-     \left[
-        \rho_0 a \cos^2 \phi
-        \frac{\overline{v'\theta'}}
-             {\overline{\DP{\theta}{z^*}}}
-        \DP{}{\phi}
-        \left( 
-             \DP{\overline{u}}{z^*}
-        \right) 
-      +  \DP{\overline{u}}{z^*}
-         \DP{}{\phi}
-         \left(\rho_0 a \cos^2 \phi
-                         \frac{\overline{v'\theta'}}
-                              {\overline{\DP{\theta}{z^*}}}
-          \right) 
-     \right]
-    \\
-%
-& =
-     \Dinv{\rho_0 a^2 \cos^2 \phi} 
-     \left[
-      -  \DP{}{\phi} (\rho_0 a \overline{v'u'} \cos^2 \phi)
-     \right] 
-   + \Dinv{\rho_0 a^2 \cos^2 \phi} 
-     \left[
-         \DP{}{\phi}
-         \left(\rho_0 a \cos^2 \phi
-                         \frac{\overline{v'\theta'}}
-                              {\overline{\DP{\theta}{z^*}}}
-               \DP{\overline{u}}{z^*}
-          \right) 
-     \right]
-    \\
-%
-& = \Dinv{\rho_0 a^2 \cos^2 \phi} 
-    \DP{}{\phi}
-    \left[
-         -  \rho_0 a \overline{v'u'} \cos^2 \phi
-         +  \rho_0 a \cos^2 \phi
-                         \frac{\overline{v'\theta'}}
-                              {\overline{\DP{\theta}{z^*}}}
-               \DP{\overline{u}}{z^*}
-     \right] 
-    \\
-%
-& = \Dinv{\rho_0 a^2 \cos^2 \phi} 
-    \DP{}{\phi}
-    \left[
-           \rho_0 a \cos^2 \phi
-            \left\{
-                 \DP{\overline{u}}{z^*}
-                 \frac{\overline{v'\theta'}}
-                      {\overline{\DP{\theta}{z^*}}}
-              -  \overline{v'u'}
-            \right\}
-     \right] 
-    \\
-%
-& = \Dinv{\rho_0 a^2 \cos^2 \phi} 
-    \DP{}{\phi}
-    \left(
-           \cos \phi F^{*}_{\phi}
-    \right)
-\end{align*}
-\Deqref{tem-u-uhen} ���軰�����͹�������Ф���
-\begin{align*}
- &
-    \frac{1}{\rho_0 a \cos \phi} 
-     \DP{}{z^*}
-     \left[
-         f \rho_0  a \cos \phi 
-            \frac{\overline{v'\theta'}}
-                 {\overline{\DP{\theta}{z^*}}}
-       - \rho_0 a \cos \phi  \overline{w'u'}
-     \right]
-%  \\
-% & \qquad
-   + \Dinv{\rho_0 a \cos \phi} 
-     \DP{}{z^*}
-     \left[
-       - \rho_0 \cos \phi
-         \frac{\overline{v'\theta'}}
-              {\overline{\DP{\theta}{z^*}}}
-         \DP{\overline{u}}{\phi}     
-       + \sin \phi \overline{u} \rho_0 
-         \frac{\overline{v'\theta'}}
-              {\overline{\DP{\theta}{z^*}}}
-     \right]
-     \\
-& = 
-    \frac{1}{\rho_0 a \cos \phi} 
-     \DP{}{z^*}
-     \left[
-        \rho_0  a \cos \phi 
-        \left\{
-             f \frac{\overline{v'\theta'}}
-                 {\overline{\DP{\theta}{z^*}}}
-          -  \overline{w'u'}
-          -  \frac{\overline{v'\theta'}}
-              {a \overline{\DP{\theta}{z^*}}}
-             \DP{\overline{u}}{\phi}     
-          + \sin \phi \overline{u} 
-            \frac{\overline{v'\theta'}}
-              {a \cos \phi \overline{\DP{\theta}{z^*}}}
-        \right\}
-     \right]
-  \\
-& = 
-    \frac{1}{\rho_0 a \cos \phi} 
-     \DP{}{z^*}
-     \left[
-        \rho_0  a \cos \phi 
-        \left\{
-             f \frac{\overline{v'\theta'}}
-                 {\overline{\DP{\theta}{z^*}}}
-          - \left( 
-                \cos \phi
-                \DP{\overline{u}}{\phi}     
-              - \sin \phi \overline{u} 
-            \right) 
-            \frac{\overline{v'\theta'}}
-                 {a  \cos \phi \overline{\DP{\theta}{z^*}}}
-          -  \overline{w'u'}
-        \right\}
-     \right]
-  \\
-& = 
-    \frac{1}{\rho_0 a \cos \phi} 
-     \DP{}{z^*}
-     \left[
-        \rho_0  a \cos \phi 
-        \left\{
-             f \frac{\overline{v'\theta'}}
-                 {\overline{\DP{\theta}{z^*}}}
-          - \DP{(\overline{u} \cos \phi)}{\phi}
-            \frac{\overline{v'\theta'}}
-                 {a  \cos \phi \overline{\DP{\theta}{z^*}}}
-          -  \overline{w'u'}
-        \right\}
-     \right]
-  \\
-& = 
-    \frac{1}{\rho_0 a \cos \phi} 
-     \DP{}{z^*}
-     \left[
-        \rho_0  a \cos \phi 
-        \left\{
-             \left(     f 
-                     -  \frac{\DP{(\overline{u} \cos \phi)}{\phi}}
-                             {a  \cos \phi}
-             \right)
-             \frac{\overline{v'\theta'}}
-                  {\overline{\DP{\theta}{z^*}}}
-          -  \overline{w'u'}
-        \right\}
-     \right]
-  \\
-& =  \frac{1}{\rho_0 a \cos \phi} 
-     \DP{F^{*}_{z}}{z^*}
-\end{align*}
-�ʾ���, \Deqref{tem-u-tochuu} �ϼ��Τ褦�ˤʤ�.
-\begin{align*}
-&     \DP{\overline{u}}{t}
-   + \frac{\overline{v}^*}{a \cos \phi} \DP{}{\phi} 
-     \left(  \overline{u} \cos \phi \right)
-   + \overline{w}^* \DP{\overline{u}}{z^*}
-   - f \overline{v}^* 
-   - \overline{X} 
- =  \Dinv{\rho_0 a^2 \cos^2 \phi} 
-    \DP{}{\phi}
-    \left(
-           \cos \phi F^{*}_{\phi}
-    \right)
-   + \frac{1}{\rho_0 a \cos \phi} 
-     \DP{F^{*}_{z}}{z^*}, 
-  \nonumber \\ 
-%
-&     \DP{\overline{u}}{t}
-   + \frac{\overline{v}^*}{a \cos \phi} \DP{}{\phi} 
-     \left(  \overline{u} \cos \phi \right)
-   + \overline{w}^* \DP{\overline{u}}{z^*}
-   - f \overline{v}^* 
-   - \overline{X} 
- =  \Dinv{\rho_0 a \cos \phi} \Ddiv{\Dvect{F}}.
-\end{align*}
-������, �Ҹ������ȯ����ʲ��Τ褦��ɽ����.
-\begin{align}
-      \Ddiv{\Dvect{F}} 
-    = \Dinv{a \cos \phi } \DP{(\cos \phi F_{\phi})}{\phi} + \DP{F_{z^{*}}}{z^*}
-\end{align}
-
-\vspace{5mm}
-
-����Ǯ�ϳؤμ���񤭴�����.
-\Deqref{new_euler_mean_pe_thermal} ��
-\Deqref{residual_v_app}, \Deqref{residual_w_app} �����������
-\begin{align*}
-&    \DP{\overline{\theta}}{t}
-   + \frac{1}{a} 
-     \left[ 
-             \overline{v}^* 
-           + \Dinv{\rho_0} \DP{}{z^*}
-             \left( \rho_0 
-                    \frac{\overline{v'\theta'}}
-                         {\overline{\DP{\theta}{z^*}}}
-             \right)
-     \right]
-     \DP{\overline{\theta}}{\phi}
-   + \left[
-              \overline{w}^* 
-            - \Dinv{a \cos\phi} 
-              \DP{}{\phi}
-              \left( \cos \phi 
-                         \frac{\overline{v'\theta'}}
-                              {\overline{\DP{\theta}{z^*}}}
-              \right)
-     \right]
-     \DP{\overline{\theta}}{z^*}
-   - \overline{Q} \\
-        & \qquad  
- =
-   - \Dinv{a\cos\phi}\DP{}{\phi}(\overline{v'\theta'}\cos\phi)
-   - \Dinv{\rho_0}\DP{}{z^*}(\rho_0\overline{w'\theta'}), \\
-%
-&    \DP{\overline{\theta}}{t}
-   + \frac{\overline{v}^*}{a}  \DP{\overline{\theta}}{\phi}
-   + \overline{w}^* \DP{\overline{\theta}}{z^*}
-   - \overline{Q} \\
-        & \qquad  
- = - \Dinv{\rho_0 a} \DP{}{z^*}
-     \left( \rho_0 
-                    \frac{\overline{v'\theta'}}
-                         {\overline{\DP{\theta}{z^*}}}
-             \right) \DP{\overline{\theta}}{\phi}
-   + \Dinv{a \cos\phi} 
-     \DP{}{\phi}
-     \left( \cos \phi 
-                         \frac{\overline{v'\theta'}}
-                              {\overline{\DP{\theta}{z^*}}}
-     \right) \DP{\overline{\theta}}{z^*} \\
-& \qquad \qquad
-   - \Dinv{a\cos\phi}\DP{}{\phi}(\overline{v'\theta'}\cos\phi)
-   - \Dinv{\rho_0}\DP{}{z^*}(\rho_0\overline{w'\theta'}) \\
-\end{align*}
-�Ȥʤ�.
-���α��դ򹹤��ѷ������
-\begin{align*}
-&  - \Dinv{\rho_0} \DP{}{z^*}
-     \left( \rho_0 
-                    \frac{\overline{v'\theta'}}
-                         {a \overline{\DP{\theta}{z^*}}}
-             \right) \DP{\overline{\theta}}{\phi}
-   + \Dinv{a \cos\phi} 
-              \DP{}{\phi}
-              \left( \cos \phi 
-                         \frac{\overline{v'\theta'}}
-                              {\overline{\DP{\theta}{z^*}}}
-              \right) \DP{\overline{\theta}}{z^*} \\
-& \qquad
-   - \Dinv{a\cos\phi}\DP{}{\phi}(\overline{v'\theta'}\cos\phi)
-   - \Dinv{\rho_0}\DP{}{z^*}(\rho_0\overline{w'\theta'}) \\
-%
- = &
-  - \Dinv{\rho_0} \DP{}{z^*}
-     \left(  \rho_0 
-             \frac{\overline{v'\theta'}}
-                  {a \overline{\DP{\theta}{z^*}}}
-             \DP{\overline{\theta}}{\phi}
-     \right) 
-  +  \frac{\overline{v'\theta'}}
-          {a \overline{\DP{\theta}{z^*}}}
-     \DP{}{z^*}\DP{\overline{\theta}}{\phi} \\
- & \qquad 
-   + \Dinv{a \cos\phi} 
-     \left[  
-                \DP{}{\phi} \left( \cos \phi  \overline{v'\theta'} \right)  
-                \frac{1}{\overline{\DP{\theta}{z^*}}}
-            +  \cos \phi \overline{v'\theta'}
-               \DP{}{\phi} \left( \overline{\DP{\theta}{z^*}} \right)^{-1}
-     \right] \DP{\overline{\theta}}{z^*} \\
-& \qquad 
-   - \Dinv{a\cos\phi}\DP{}{\phi}(\overline{v'\theta'}\cos\phi)
-   - \Dinv{\rho_0}\DP{}{z^*}(\rho_0\overline{w'\theta'}) \\
-%
- = &
-  - \Dinv{\rho_0} \DP{}{z^*}
-     \left(  \rho_0 
-             \frac{\overline{v'\theta'}}
-                  {a \overline{\DP{\theta}{z^*}}}
-             \DP{\overline{\theta}}{\phi}
-     \right) 
-  +  \frac{\overline{v'\theta'}}
-          {a \overline{\DP{\theta}{z^*}}}
-     \DP{}{z^*}\DP{\overline{\theta}}{\phi}
-  +  \Dinv{a}  
-     \overline{v'\theta'}
-     \DP{}{\phi} \left( \overline{\DP{\theta}{z^*}} \right)^{-1}
-     \DP{\overline{\theta}}{z^*}
-   - \Dinv{\rho_0}\DP{}{z^*}(\rho_0\overline{w'\theta'}) \\
-%
- = &
-  - \Dinv{\rho_0} \DP{}{z^*}
-    \left[ \rho_0 
-             \frac{\overline{v'\theta'}}
-                  {a \overline{\DP{\theta}{z^*}}}
-             \DP{\overline{\theta}}{\phi}
-            + \rho_0\overline{w'\theta'}
-    \right]
-  + \frac{\overline{v'\theta'}}{a}
-    \left[
-             \frac{1}
-                  {\overline{\DP{\theta}{z^*}}}
-             \DP{}{z^*}\DP{\overline{\theta}}{\phi}
-        +    \DP{}{\phi} \left( \overline{\DP{\theta}{z^*}} \right)^{-1}
-             \DP{\overline{\theta}}{z^*}
-     \right] \\
-%
- = &
-  - \Dinv{\rho_0} \DP{}{z^*}
-    \left[ \rho_0 
-           \left(
-                \frac{\overline{v'\theta'}}
-                     {a \overline{\DP{\theta}{z^*}}}
-                \DP{\overline{\theta}}{\phi}
-              + \overline{w'\theta'}
-           \right)  
-    \right]
-  + \frac{\overline{v'\theta'}}{a}
-    \DP{}{\phi}
-    \left(
-         \frac{ \DP{\overline{\theta}}{z^*} }
-                  { \overline{\DP{\theta}{z^*}} }
-    \right)     \\
-%
- = &
-  - \Dinv{\rho_0} \DP{}{z^*}
-    \left[ \rho_0 
-           \left(
-                \frac{\overline{v'\theta'}}
-                     {a \overline{\DP{\theta}{z^*}}}
-                \DP{\overline{\theta}}{\phi}
-              + \overline{w'\theta'}
-           \right)  
-    \right].
-\end{align*}
-������, Ǯ�ϳؤμ��ϰʲ��Τ褦�ˤʤ�.
-\begin{align*}
-   \DP{\overline{\theta}}{t}
-   + \frac{\overline{v}^*}{a}  \DP{\overline{\theta}}{\phi}
-   + \overline{w}^* \DP{\overline{\theta}}{z^*}
-   - \overline{Q}
- = 
-  - \Dinv{\rho_0} \DP{}{z^*}
-    \left[ \rho_0 
-           \left(
-                \frac{\overline{v'\theta'}}
-                     {a \overline{\DP{\theta}{z^*}}}
-                \DP{\overline{\theta}}{\phi}
-              + \overline{w'\theta'}
-           \right)  
-    \right].
-\end{align*}
-
-\vspace{5mm}
-
-�Ǹ�� $v$ �μ��ˤĤ��ƹͤ���.
-\Deqref{new_euler_mean_pe_momentum_y} ��
-\Deqref{residual_v_app}, \Deqref{residual_w_app} �����������
-\begin{align*}
- &     \DP{}{t}
-       \left[ 
-             \overline{v}^* 
-           + \Dinv{\rho_0} \DP{}{z^*}
-             \left( \rho_0 
-                    \frac{\overline{v'\theta'}}
-                         {\overline{\DP{\theta}{z^*}}}
-             \right)
-       \right]
-     + \frac{1}{a} 
-       \left[ 
-             \overline{v}^* 
-           + \Dinv{\rho_0} \DP{}{z^*}
-             \left( \rho_0 
-                    \frac{\overline{v'\theta'}}
-                         {\overline{\DP{\theta}{z^*}}}
-             \right)
-       \right]
-       \DP{}{\phi}
-       \left[ 
-             \overline{v}^* 
-           + \Dinv{\rho_0} \DP{}{z^*}
-             \left( \rho_0 
-                    \frac{\overline{v'\theta'}}
-                         {\overline{\DP{\theta}{z^*}}}
-             \right)
-       \right]  
-                     \\
- &       \qquad    \qquad
-     + \left[
-              \overline{w}^* 
-            - \Dinv{a \cos\phi} 
-              \DP{}{\phi}
-              \left( \cos \phi 
-                         \frac{\overline{v'\theta'}}
-                              {\overline{\DP{\theta}{z^*}}}
-              \right)
-       \right]
-       \DP{}{z^*}
-       \left[ 
-             \overline{v}^* 
-           + \Dinv{\rho_0} \DP{}{z^*}
-             \left( \rho_0 
-                    \frac{\overline{v'\theta'}}
-                         {\overline{\DP{\theta}{z^*}}}
-             \right)
-       \right]
-                     \\
- &    \qquad       \qquad
-     + f \overline{u}
-     + \frac{\tan\phi}{a} (\overline{u})^2
-     + \Dinv{a} \DP{\overline{\Phi}}{\phi}
-     - \overline{Y}     \\
- & \qquad
-   = - \Dinv{a\cos\phi}\DP{}{\phi}(\overline{v'^2} \cos\phi)
-     - \Dinv{\rho_0}\DP{}{z^*}(\rho_0\overline{v' w'})
-     - \overline{u'^2}\frac{\tan\phi}{a}, \\
-%
- &     f \overline{u}
-     + \frac{\tan\phi}{a} (\overline{u})^2
-     + \Dinv{a} \DP{\overline{\Phi}}{\phi}
-         \\
- & \qquad
-   = -  \DP{}{t}
-       \left[ 
-             \overline{v}^* 
-           + \Dinv{\rho_0} \DP{}{z^*}
-             \left( \rho_0 
-                    \frac{\overline{v'\theta'}}
-                         {\overline{\DP{\theta}{z^*}}}
-             \right)
-       \right]
-     - \frac{1}{a} 
-       \left[ 
-             \overline{v}^* 
-           + \Dinv{\rho_0} \DP{}{z^*}
-             \left( \rho_0 
-                    \frac{\overline{v'\theta'}}
-                         {\overline{\DP{\theta}{z^*}}}
-             \right)
-       \right]
-       \DP{}{\phi}
-       \left[ 
-             \overline{v}^* 
-           + \Dinv{\rho_0} \DP{}{z^*}
-             \left( \rho_0 
-                    \frac{\overline{v'\theta'}}
-                         {\overline{\DP{\theta}{z^*}}}
-             \right)
-       \right]  
-                     \\
- &       \qquad    \qquad
-     - \left[
-              \overline{w}^* 
-            - \Dinv{a \cos\phi} 
-              \DP{}{\phi}
-              \left( \cos \phi 
-                         \frac{\overline{v'\theta'}}
-                              {\overline{\DP{\theta}{z^*}}}
-              \right)
-       \right]
-       \DP{}{z^*}
-       \left[ 
-             \overline{v}^* 
-           + \Dinv{\rho_0} \DP{}{z^*}
-             \left( \rho_0 
-                    \frac{\overline{v'\theta'}}
-                         {\overline{\DP{\theta}{z^*}}}
-             \right)
-       \right]
-                     \\
- &    \qquad       \qquad
-   - \Dinv{a\cos\phi} \DP{}{\phi}(\overline{v'^2} \cos \phi)
-   - \Dinv{\rho_0} \DP{}{z^*}(\rho_0\overline{v' w'})
-   - \overline{u'^2} \frac{\tan\phi}{a}
-   + \overline{Y}
-\end{align*}
-Andrews {\it et al.} (1987) �ˤ���, ���μ��α��դ��̤�
-���դ���٤�о�����. ���դι�����ƤޤȤ�� $G$ �Ƚ񤯤�
-$v$ �μ��ϼ��Τ褦�ˤʤ�.
-\begin{align*}
-     \overline{u} 
-     \left( f + \frac{\tan\phi}{a} \overline{u} \right) 
-   + \Dinv{a} \DP{\overline{\Phi}}{\phi}
- =   G.
-\end{align*}
-
-\vspace{5mm}
-
-�ʾ��ޤȤ���, �ʲ���{\bfseries �ѷ������顼ʿ��������}��������.
-\begin{screen}
-\begin{subequations}\Deqlab{transformed_euler_mean_pe}
-%\def\theequation{\arabic{section}.\arabic{parentequation}\alph{equation}}
-%\begin{itemize}
-%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
-%\item ��ư������
-%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
-\begin{align}
-\Deqlab{transformed_euler_mean_pe_momentum_x}&
-      \DP{\overline{u}}{t}
-    + \overline{v}^*
-      \left[
-             \Dinv{a\cos\phi}\DP{}{\phi}(\overline{u}\cos\phi) - f
-      \right]
-    + \overline{w}^*\DP{\overline{u}}{z^*}
-    - \overline{X} 
- =    \Dinv{\rho_0 a \cos\phi}\Ddiv\Dvect{F},    \\
-\Deqlab{transformed_euler_mean_pe_momentum_y}&
-      \overline{u}
-      \left( f + \overline{u}\frac{\tan\phi}{a} \right) 
-    + \Dinv{a}\DP{\overline{\Phi}}{\phi}
- = G.
-\end{align}
-%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
-%\item �ſ尵ʿ�դμ�
-%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% 
-\begin{align}
-\Deqlab{transformed_euler_mean_pe_momentum_z^*}
-     \DP{\overline{\Phi}}{z^*} 
-   - \frac{Re^{-\kappa z^*/H}}{H}\overline{\theta}
- =   0.
-\end{align}
-%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
-%\item Ϣ³�μ�
-%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% 
-\begin{align}    
-      \Deqlab{transformed_euler_mean_pe_continuity}
-        \Dinv{a\cos\phi}&\left[
-       \DP{}{\phi}(\overline{v}^*\cos\phi)\right]
-       + \Dinv{\rho_0}\DP{}{z^*}(\rho_0 \overline{w}^*) 
-       = 0.
-\end{align}
-%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
-%\item Ǯ�ϳؤμ�
-%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% 
-\begin{align}
-      \Deqlab{transformed_euler_mean_pe_thermal}
-       \DP{\overline{\theta}}{t}
-        + \frac{\overline{v}^*}{a}\DP{\overline{\theta}}{\phi}
-        + \overline{w}^*\DP{\overline{\theta}}{z^*}
-        - \overline{Q} =
-		- \Dinv{\rho_0}\DP{}{z^*}
-                \left[\rho_0
-                      \left(
-                        \overline{v'\theta'}\frac{\DP{\overline{\theta}}{\phi}}
-                                 {a\DP{\overline{\theta}}{z^*}} + \overline{w'\theta'}
-                      \right)
-                \right].
-\end{align}
-%\end{itemize}
-\end{subequations}
-\end{screen}
-
-
-
-\clearpage
-
-\begin{thebibliography}{1}
-\bibitem{AHL1987} D.G. Andrews, J.R. Holton, and C.B. Leovy. 
-                  Middle atmosphere dynamics, International Geophysics Series. 
-                  Academic Press, 1987
-\bibitem{H1975}   J.R. Holton. 
-                  The Dynamic Meteorology of the Stratosphere and Mesosphere, 
-                  American Meteorological Society, 1975
-\end{thebibliography}
-
-
-\end{document}