exiftool_vendored 9.45.0 → 9.46.0

data/bin/Image-ExifTool-9.46/lib/Image/ExifTool/H264.pm

@@ -0,0 +1,1102 @@
+#------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+# File:         H264.pm
+#
+# Description:  Read meta information from H.264 video
+#
+# Revisions:    2010/01/31 - P. Harvey Created
+#
+# References:   1) http://www.itu.int/rec/T-REC-H.264/e (T-REC-H.264-200305-S!!PDF-E.pdf)
+#               2) http://miffteevee.co.uk/documentation/development/H264Parser_8cpp-source.html
+#               3) http://ffmpeg.org/
+#               4) US Patent 2009/0052875 A1
+#               5) European Patent (EP2 051 528A1) application no. 07792522.0 filed 08.08.2007
+#               6) Dave Nicholson private communication
+#               7) http://www.freepatentsonline.com/20050076039.pdf
+#               8) Michael Reitinger private communication (RX100)
+#
+# Glossary:     RBSP = Raw Byte Sequence Payload
+#------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+package Image::ExifTool::H264;
+
+use strict;
+use vars qw($VERSION %convMake);
+use Image::ExifTool qw(:DataAccess :Utils);
+use Image::ExifTool::Exif;
+
+$VERSION = '1.10';
+
+sub ProcessSEI($$);
+
+my $parsePictureTiming; # flag to enable parsing of picture timing information (test only)
+
+# lookup for camera manufacturer name
+%convMake = (
+    0x0103 => 'Panasonic',
+    0x0108 => 'Sony',
+    0x1011 => 'Canon',
+    0x1104 => 'JVC', #Rob Lewis
+);
+
+# information extracted from H.264 video streams
+%Image::ExifTool::H264::Main = (
+    GROUPS => { 2 => 'Video' },
+    VARS => { NO_ID => 1 },
+    NOTES => q{
+        Tags extracted from H.264 video streams.  The metadata for AVCHD videos is
+        stored in this stream.
+    },
+    ImageWidth => { },
+    ImageHeight => { },
+    MDPM => { SubDirectory => { TagTable => 'Image::ExifTool::H264::MDPM' } },
+);
+
+# H.264 Supplemental Enhancement Information User Data (ref PH/4)
+%Image::ExifTool::H264::MDPM = (
+    GROUPS => { 2 => 'Camera' },
+    PROCESS_PROC => \&ProcessSEI,
+    TAG_PREFIX => 'MDPM',
+    NOTES => q{
+        The following tags are decoded from the Modified Digital Video Pack Metadata
+        (MDPM) of the unregistered user data with UUID
+        17ee8c60f84d11d98cd60800200c9a66 in the H.264 Supplemental Enhancement
+        Information (SEI).  I<[Yes, this description is confusing, but nothing
+        compared to the challenge of actually decoding the data!]>  This information
+        may exist at regular intervals through the entire video, but only the first
+        occurrence is extracted unless the ExtractEmbedded (-ee) option is used (in
+        which case subsequent occurrences are extracted as sub-documents).
+    },
+    # (Note: all these are explained in IEC 61834-4, but it costs money so it is useless to me)
+    # 0x00 - ControlCassetteID (ref 7)
+    # 0x01 - ControlTapeLength (ref 7)
+    # 0x02 - ControlTimerActDate (ref 7)
+    # 0x03 - ControlTimerACS_S_S (ref 7)
+    # 0x04-0x05 - ControlPR_StartPoint (ref 7)
+    # 0x06 - ControlTagIDNoGenre (ref 7)
+    # 0x07 - ControlTopicPageHeader (ref 7)
+    # 0x08 - ControlTextHeader (ref 7)
+    # 0x09 - ControlText (ref 7)
+    # 0x0a-0x0b - ControlTag (ref 7)
+    # 0x0c - ControlTeletextInfo (ref 7)
+    # 0x0d - ControlKey (ref 7)
+    # 0x0e-0x0f - ControlZoneEnd (ref 7)
+    # 0x10 - TitleTotalTime (ref 7)
+    # 0x11 - TitleRemainTime (ref 7)
+    # 0x12 - TitleChapterTotalNo (ref 7)
+    0x13 => {
+        Name => 'TimeCode',
+        Notes => 'hours:minutes:seconds:frames',
+        ValueConv => 'sprintf("%.2x:%.2x:%.2x:%.2x",reverse unpack("C*",$val))',
+    },
+    # 0x14 - TitleBinaryGroup
+    # 0x15 - TitleCassetteNo (ref 7)
+    # 0x16-0x17 - TitleSoftID (ref 7)
+    # (0x18,0x19 listed as TitleTextHeader/TitleText by ref 7)
+    0x18 => {
+        Name => 'DateTimeOriginal',
+        Description => 'Date/Time Original',
+        Groups => { 2 => 'Time' },
+        Notes => 'combined with tag 0x19',
+        Combine => 1,   # the next tag (0x19) contains the rest of the date
+        # first byte is timezone information:
+        #   0x80 - unused
+        #   0x40 - DST flag (currently not decoded)
+        #   0x20 - TimeZoneSign
+        #   0x1e - TimeZoneValue
+        #   0x01 - half-hour flag
+        ValueConv => q{
+            my ($tz, @a) = unpack('C*',$val);
+            return sprintf('%.2x%.2x:%.2x:%.2x %.2x:%.2x:%.2x%s%.2d:%s', @a,
+                           $tz & 0x20 ? '-' : '+', ($tz >> 1) & 0x0f,
+                           $tz & 0x01 ? '30' : '00');
+        },
+        PrintConv => '$self->ConvertDateTime($val)',
+    },
+    # 0x1a-0x1b - TitleStart (ref 7)
+    # 0x1c-0x1d - TitleReelID (ref 7)
+    # 0x1e-0x1f - TitleEnd (ref 7)
+    # 0x20 - ChapterTotalTime (ref 7)
+    # 0x42 - ProgramRecDTime (ref 7)
+    # 0x50/0x60 - (AAUX/VAUX)Source (ref 7)
+    # 0x51/0x61 - (AAUX/VAUX)SourceControl (ref 7)
+    # 0x52/0x62 - (AAUX/VAUX)RecDate (ref 7)
+    # 0x53/0x63 - (AAUX/VAUX)RecTime (ref 7)
+    # 0x54/0x64 - (AAUX/VAUX)BinaryGroup (ref 7)
+    # 0x55/0x65 - (AAUX/VAUX)ClosedCaption (ref 7)
+    # 0x56/0x66 - (AAUX/VAUX)TR (ref 7)
+    0x70 => { # ConsumerCamera1
+        Name => 'Camera1',
+        SubDirectory => { TagTable => 'Image::ExifTool::H264::Camera1' },
+    },
+    0x71 => { # ConsumerCamera2
+        Name => 'Camera2',
+        SubDirectory => { TagTable => 'Image::ExifTool::H264::Camera2' },
+    },
+    # 0x73 Lens - val: 0x75ffffd3,0x0effffd3,0x59ffffd3,0x79ffffd3,0xffffffd3...
+    # 0x74 Gain
+    # 0x75 Pedestal
+    # 0x76 Gamma
+    # 0x77 Detail
+    # 0x7b CameraPreset
+    # 0x7c Flare
+    # 0x7d Shading
+    # 0x7e Knee
+    0x7f => { # Shutter
+        Name => 'Shutter',
+        SubDirectory => {
+            TagTable => 'Image::ExifTool::H264::Shutter',
+            ByteOrder => 'LittleEndian', # weird
+        },
+    },
+    0xa0 => {
+        Name => 'ExposureTime',
+        Format => 'rational32u',
+        Groups => { 2 => 'Image' },
+        PrintConv => 'Image::ExifTool::Exif::PrintExposureTime($val)',
+    },
+    0xa1 => {
+        Name => 'FNumber',
+        Format => 'rational32u',
+        Groups => { 2 => 'Image' },
+    },
+    0xa2 => {
+        Name => 'ExposureProgram',
+        Format => 'int32u', # (guess)
+        PrintConv => {
+            0 => 'Not Defined',
+            1 => 'Manual',
+            2 => 'Program AE',
+            3 => 'Aperture-priority AE',
+            4 => 'Shutter speed priority AE',
+            5 => 'Creative (Slow speed)',
+            6 => 'Action (High speed)',
+            7 => 'Portrait',
+            8 => 'Landscape',
+        },
+    },
+    0xa3 => {
+        Name => 'BrightnessValue',
+        Format => 'rational32s',
+        Groups => { 2 => 'Image' },
+    },
+    0xa4 => {
+        Name => 'ExposureCompensation',
+        Format => 'rational32s',
+        Groups => { 2 => 'Image' },
+        PrintConv => 'Image::ExifTool::Exif::PrintFraction($val)',
+    },
+    0xa5 => {
+        Name => 'MaxApertureValue',
+        Format => 'rational32u',
+        ValueConv => '2 ** ($val / 2)',
+        PrintConv => 'sprintf("%.1f",$val)',
+    },
+    0xa6 => {
+        Name => 'Flash',
+        Format => 'int32u', # (guess)
+        Flags => 'PrintHex',
+        SeparateTable => 'EXIF Flash',
+        PrintConv =>  \%Image::ExifTool::Exif::flash,
+    },
+    0xa7 => {
+        Name => 'CustomRendered',
+        Format => 'int32u', # (guess)
+        Groups => { 2 => 'Image' },
+        PrintConv => {
+            0 => 'Normal',
+            1 => 'Custom',
+        },
+    },
+    0xa8 => {
+        Name => 'WhiteBalance',
+        Format => 'int32u', # (guess)
+        Priority => 0,
+        PrintConv => {
+            0 => 'Auto',
+            1 => 'Manual',
+        },
+    },
+    0xa9 => {
+        Name => 'FocalLengthIn35mmFormat',
+        Format => 'rational32u',
+        PrintConv => '"$val mm"',
+    },
+    0xaa => {
+        Name => 'SceneCaptureType',
+        Format => 'int32u', # (guess)
+        PrintConv => {
+            0 => 'Standard',
+            1 => 'Landscape',
+            2 => 'Portrait',
+            3 => 'Night',
+        },
+    },
+    # 0xab-0xaf ExifOption
+    0xb0 => {
+        Name => 'GPSVersionID',
+        Format => 'int8u',
+        Count => 4,
+        Groups => { 1 => 'GPS', 2 => 'Location' },
+        PrintConv => '$val =~ tr/ /./; $val',
+    },
+    0xb1 => {
+        Name => 'GPSLatitudeRef',
+        Format => 'string',
+        Groups => { 1 => 'GPS', 2 => 'Location' },
+        PrintConv => {
+            N => 'North',
+            S => 'South',
+        },
+    },
+    0xb2 => {
+        Name => 'GPSLatitude',
+        Format => 'rational32u',
+        Groups => { 1 => 'GPS', 2 => 'Location' },
+        Notes => 'combined with tags 0xb3 and 0xb4',
+        Combine => 2,   # combine the next 2 tags (0xb2=deg, 0xb3=min, 0xb4=sec)
+        ValueConv => 'Image::ExifTool::GPS::ToDegrees($val)',
+        PrintConv => 'Image::ExifTool::GPS::ToDMS($self, $val, 1)',
+    },
+    0xb5 => {
+        Name => 'GPSLongitudeRef',
+        Format => 'string',
+        Groups => { 1 => 'GPS', 2 => 'Location' },
+        PrintConv => {
+            E => 'East',
+            W => 'West',
+        },
+    },
+    0xb6 => {
+        Name => 'GPSLongitude',
+        Format => 'rational32u',
+        Groups => { 1 => 'GPS', 2 => 'Location' },
+        Combine => 2,   # combine the next 2 tags (0xb6=deg, 0xb7=min, 0xb8=sec)
+        Notes => 'combined with tags 0xb7 and 0xb8',
+        ValueConv => 'Image::ExifTool::GPS::ToDegrees($val)',
+        PrintConv => 'Image::ExifTool::GPS::ToDMS($self, $val, 1)',
+    },
+    0xb9 => {
+        Name => 'GPSAltitudeRef',
+        Format => 'int32u', # (guess)
+        Groups => { 1 => 'GPS', 2 => 'Location' },
+        ValueConv => '$val ? 1 : 0', # because I'm not sure about the Format
+        PrintConv => {
+            0 => 'Above Sea Level',
+            1 => 'Below Sea Level',
+        },
+    },
+    0xba => {
+        Name => 'GPSAltitude',
+        Format => 'rational32u',
+        Groups => { 1 => 'GPS', 2 => 'Location' },
+    },
+    0xbb => {
+        Name => 'GPSTimeStamp',
+        Format => 'rational32u',
+        Groups => { 1 => 'GPS', 2 => 'Time' },
+        Combine => 2,    # the next tags (0xbc/0xbd) contain the minutes/seconds
+        Notes => 'combined with tags 0xbc and 0xbd',
+        ValueConv => 'Image::ExifTool::GPS::ConvertTimeStamp($val)',
+    },
+    0xbe => {
+        Name => 'GPSStatus',
+        Format => 'string',
+        Groups => { 1 => 'GPS', 2 => 'Location' },
+        PrintConv => {
+            A => 'Measurement Active',
+            V => 'Measurement Void',
+        },
+    },
+    0xbf => {
+        Name => 'GPSMeasureMode',
+        Format => 'string',
+        Groups => { 1 => 'GPS', 2 => 'Location' },
+        PrintConv => {
+            2 => '2-Dimensional Measurement',
+            3 => '3-Dimensional Measurement',
+        },
+    },
+    0xc0 => {
+        Name => 'GPSDOP',
+        Description => 'GPS Dilution Of Precision',
+        Format => 'rational32u',
+        Groups => { 1 => 'GPS', 2 => 'Location' },
+    },
+    0xc1 => {
+        Name => 'GPSSpeedRef',
+        Format => 'string',
+        Groups => { 1 => 'GPS', 2 => 'Location' },
+        PrintConv => {
+            K => 'km/h',
+            M => 'mph',
+            N => 'knots',
+        },
+    },
+    0xc2 => {
+        Name => 'GPSSpeed',
+        Format => 'rational32u',
+        Groups => { 1 => 'GPS', 2 => 'Location' },
+    },
+    0xc3 => {
+        Name => 'GPSTrackRef',
+        Format => 'string',
+        Groups => { 1 => 'GPS', 2 => 'Location' },
+        PrintConv => {
+            M => 'Magnetic North',
+            T => 'True North',
+        },
+    },
+    0xc4 => {
+        Name => 'GPSTrack',
+        Format => 'rational32u',
+        Groups => { 1 => 'GPS', 2 => 'Location' },
+    },
+    0xc5 => {
+        Name => 'GPSImgDirectionRef',
+        Format => 'string',
+        Groups => { 1 => 'GPS', 2 => 'Location' },
+        PrintConv => {
+            M => 'Magnetic North',
+            T => 'True North',
+        },
+    },
+    0xc6 => {
+        Name => 'GPSImgDirection',
+        Format => 'rational32u',
+        Groups => { 1 => 'GPS', 2 => 'Location' },
+    },
+    0xc7 => {
+        Name => 'GPSMapDatum',
+        Format => 'string',
+        Groups => { 1 => 'GPS', 2 => 'Location' },
+        Combine => 1,    # the next tag (0xc8) contains the rest of the string
+        Notes => 'combined with tag 0xc8',
+    },
+    # 0xc9-0xcf - GPSOption
+    0xe0 => {
+        Name => 'MakeModel',
+        SubDirectory => { TagTable => 'Image::ExifTool::H264::MakeModel' },
+    },
+    # 0xe1-0xef - MakerOption
+    # 0xe1 - val: 0x01000670,0x01000678,0x06ffffff,0x01ffffff,0x01000020,0x01000400...
+    # 0xe2-0xe8 - val: 0x00000000 in many samples
+    0xe1 => { #6
+        Name => 'RecInfo',
+        Condition => '$$self{Make} eq "Canon"',
+        Notes => 'Canon only',
+        SubDirectory => { TagTable => 'Image::ExifTool::H264::RecInfo' },
+    },
+    0xe4 => { #PH
+        Name => 'Model',
+        Condition => '$$self{Make} eq "Sony"',
+        Description => 'Camera Model Name',
+        Notes => 'Sony cameras only, combined with tags 0xe5 and 0xe6',
+        Format => 'string',
+        Combine => 2, # (not sure about 0xe6, but include it just in case)
+        RawConv => '$val eq "" ? undef : $val',
+    },
+    0xee => { #6 (HFS200)
+        Name => 'FrameInfo',
+        Condition => '$$self{Make} eq "Canon"',
+        Notes => 'Canon only',
+        SubDirectory => { TagTable => 'Image::ExifTool::H264::FrameInfo' },
+    },
+);
+
+# ConsumerCamera1 information (ref PH)
+%Image::ExifTool::H264::Camera1 = (
+    PROCESS_PROC => \&Image::ExifTool::ProcessBinaryData,
+    GROUPS => { 2 => 'Camera' },
+    TAG_PREFIX => 'Camera1',
+    PRINT_CONV => 'sprintf("0x%.2x",$val)',
+    FIRST_ENTRY => 0,
+    0 => {
+        Name => 'ApertureSetting',
+        PrintHex => 1,
+        PrintConv => {
+            0xff => 'Auto',
+            0xfe => 'Closed',
+            OTHER => sub { sprintf('%.1f', 2 ** (($_[0] & 0x3f) / 8)) },
+        },
+    },
+    1 => {
+        Name => 'Gain',
+        Mask => 0x0f,
+        # (0x0f would translate to 42 dB, but this value is used by the Sony
+        #  HXR-NX5U for any out-of-range value such as -6 dB or "hyper gain" - PH)
+        ValueConv => '($val - 1) * 3',
+        PrintConv => '$val==42 ? "Out of range" : "$val dB"',
+    },
+    1.1 => {
+        Name => 'ExposureProgram',
+        Mask => 0xf0,
+        ValueConv => '$val == 0xf0 ? undef : $val',
+        PrintConv => {
+            0x00 => 'Program AE',
+            0x10 => 'Gain', #?
+            0x20 => 'Shutter speed priority AE',
+            0x30 => 'Aperture-priority AE',
+            0x40 => 'Manual',
+        },
+    },
+    2.1 => {
+        Name => 'WhiteBalance',
+        Mask => 0xe0,
+        ValueConv => '$val == 0xe0 ? undef : $val',
+        PrintConv => {
+            0x00 => 'Auto',
+            0x20 => 'Hold',
+            0x40 => '1-Push',
+            0x60 => 'Daylight',
+        },
+    },
+    3 => {
+        Name => 'Focus',
+        ValueConv => '$val == 0xff ? undef : $val',
+        PrintConv => q{
+            my $foc = ($val & 0x7e) / (($val & 0x01) ? 40 : 400);
+            return ($val & 0x80 ? 'Manual' : 'Auto') . " ($foc)";
+        },
+    },
+);
+
+# ConsumerCamera2 information (ref PH)
+%Image::ExifTool::H264::Camera2 = (
+    PROCESS_PROC => \&Image::ExifTool::ProcessBinaryData,
+    GROUPS => { 2 => 'Camera' },
+    TAG_PREFIX => 'Camera2',
+    PRINT_CONV => 'sprintf("0x%.2x",$val)',
+    FIRST_ENTRY => 0,
+    1 => {
+        Name => 'ImageStabilization',
+        PrintHex => 1,
+        PrintConv => {
+            0 => 'Off',
+            0x3f => 'On (0x3f)', #8
+            0xbf => 'Off (0xbf)', #8
+            0xff => 'n/a',
+            OTHER => sub {
+                my $val = shift;
+                sprintf("%s (0x%.2x)", $val & 0x10 ? "On" : "Off", $val);
+            },
+        },
+    },
+);
+
+# camera info 0x7f (ref PH)
+%Image::ExifTool::H264::Shutter = (
+    PROCESS_PROC => \&Image::ExifTool::ProcessBinaryData,
+    GROUPS => { 2 => 'Image' },
+    TAG_PREFIX => 'Shutter',
+    PRINT_CONV => 'sprintf("0x%.2x",$val)',
+    FIRST_ENTRY => 0,
+    FORMAT => 'int16u',
+    1.1 => { #6
+        Name => 'ExposureTime',
+        Mask => 0x7fff, # (what is bit 0x8000 for?)
+        RawConv => '$val == 0x7fff ? undef : $val', #7
+        ValueConv => '$val / 33640', #PH (conversion factor determined empirically)
+        PrintConv => 'Image::ExifTool::Exif::PrintExposureTime($val)',
+    },
+);
+
+# camera info 0xe0 (ref PH)
+%Image::ExifTool::H264::MakeModel = (
+    PROCESS_PROC => \&Image::ExifTool::ProcessBinaryData,
+    GROUPS => { 2 => 'Camera' },
+    FORMAT => 'int16u',
+    FIRST_ENTRY => 0,
+    0 => {
+        Name => 'Make',
+        PrintHex => 1,
+        RawConv => '$$self{Make} = ($Image::ExifTool::H264::convMake{$val} || "Unknown"); $val',
+        PrintConv => \%convMake,
+    },
+    # 1 => ModelIDCode according to ref 4/5 (I think not)
+    # vals: 0x3001 - Sony HDR-CX105E/TG3E/XR500V
+    #       0x1000 - Sony HDR-UX1
+    #       0x3000 - Canon HF100 (30p)
+    #       0x2000 - Canon HF100 (60i)
+    #       0x3101 - Canon HFM300 (PH, all qualities and frame rates)
+);
+
+# camera info 0xe1 (ref 6)
+%Image::ExifTool::H264::RecInfo = (
+    PROCESS_PROC => \&Image::ExifTool::ProcessBinaryData,
+    GROUPS => { 2 => 'Camera' },
+    FORMAT => 'int8u',
+    NOTES => 'Recording information stored by some Canon video cameras.',
+    FIRST_ENTRY => 0,
+    0 => {
+        Name => 'RecordingMode',
+        PrintConv => {
+            0x02 => 'XP+', # High Quality 12 Mbps
+            0x04 => 'SP',  # Standard Play 7 Mbps
+            0x05 => 'LP',  # Long Play 5 Mbps
+            0x06 => 'FXP', # High Quality 17 Mbps
+            0x07 => 'MXP', # High Quality 24 Mbps
+        },
+    },
+);
+
+# camera info 0xee (ref 6)
+%Image::ExifTool::H264::FrameInfo = (
+    PROCESS_PROC => \&Image::ExifTool::ProcessBinaryData,
+    GROUPS => { 2 => 'Video' },
+    FORMAT => 'int8u',
+    NOTES => 'Frame rate information stored by some Canon video cameras.',
+    FIRST_ENTRY => 0,
+    0 => 'CaptureFrameRate',
+    1 => 'VideoFrameRate',
+    # 2 - 8=60i, 10=PF30, 74=PF24 (PH, HFM300)
+);
+
+#==============================================================================
+# Bitstream functions (used for H264 video)
+#
+# Member variables:
+#   Mask    = mask for next bit to read (0 when all data has been read)
+#   Pos     = byte offset of next word to read
+#   Word    = current data word
+#   Len     = total data length in bytes
+#   DataPt  = data pointer
+#..............................................................................
+
+#------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+# Read next word from bitstream
+# Inputs: 0) BitStream ref
+# Returns: true if there is more data (and updates
+#          Mask, Pos and Word for first bit in next word)
+sub ReadNextWord($)
+{
+    my $bstr = shift;
+    my $pos = $$bstr{Pos};
+    if ($pos + 4 <= $$bstr{Len}) {
+        $$bstr{Word} = unpack("x$pos N", ${$$bstr{DataPt}});
+        $$bstr{Mask} = 0x80000000;
+        $$bstr{Pos} += 4;
+    } elsif ($pos < $$bstr{Len}) {
+        my @bytes = unpack("x$pos C*", ${$$bstr{DataPt}});
+        my ($word, $mask) = (shift(@bytes), 0x80);
+        while (@bytes) {
+            $word = ($word << 8) | shift(@bytes);
+            $mask <<= 8;
+        }
+        $$bstr{Word} = $word;
+        $$bstr{Mask} = $mask;
+        $$bstr{Pos} = $$bstr{Len};
+    } else {
+        return 0;
+    }
+    return 1;
+}
+
+#------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+# Create a new BitStream object
+# Inputs: 0) data ref
+# Returns: BitStream ref, or null if data is empty
+sub NewBitStream($)
+{
+    my $dataPt = shift;
+    my $bstr = {
+        DataPt => $dataPt,
+        Len    => length($$dataPt),
+        Pos    => 0,
+        Mask   => 0,
+    };
+    ReadNextWord($bstr) or undef $bstr;
+    return $bstr;
+}
+
+#------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+# Get number of bits remaining in bit stream
+# Inputs: 0) BitStream ref
+# Returns: number of bits remaining
+sub BitsLeft($)
+{
+    my $bstr = shift;
+    my $bits = 0;
+    my $mask = $$bstr{Mask};
+    while ($mask) {
+        ++$bits;
+        $mask >>= 1;
+    }
+    return $bits + 8 * ($$bstr{Len} - $$bstr{Pos});
+}
+
+#------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+# Get integer from bitstream
+# Inputs: 0) BitStream ref, 1) number of bits
+# Returns: integer (and increments position in bitstream)
+sub GetIntN($$)
+{
+    my ($bstr, $bits) = @_;
+    my $val = 0;
+    while ($bits--) {
+        $val <<= 1;
+        ++$val if $$bstr{Mask} & $$bstr{Word};
+        $$bstr{Mask} >>= 1 and next;
+        ReadNextWord($bstr) or last;
+    }
+    return $val;
+}
+
+#------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+# Get Exp-Golomb integer from bitstream
+# Inputs: 0) BitStream ref
+# Returns: integer (and increments position in bitstream)
+sub GetGolomb($)
+{
+    my $bstr = shift;
+    # first, count the number of zero bits to get the integer bit width
+    my $count = 0;
+    until ($$bstr{Mask} & $$bstr{Word}) {
+        ++$count;
+        $$bstr{Mask} >>= 1 and next;
+        ReadNextWord($bstr) or last;
+    }
+    # then return the adjusted integer
+    return GetIntN($bstr, $count + 1) - 1;
+}
+
+#------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+# Get signed Exp-Golomb integer from bitstream
+# Inputs: 0) BitStream ref
+# Returns: integer (and increments position in bitstream)
+sub GetGolombS($)
+{
+    my $bstr = shift;
+    my $val = GetGolomb($bstr) + 1;
+    return ($val & 1) ? -($val >> 1) : ($val >> 1);
+}
+
+# end bitstream functions
+#==============================================================================
+
+#------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+# Decode H.264 scaling matrices
+# Inputs: 0) BitStream ref
+# Reference: http://ffmpeg.org/
+sub DecodeScalingMatrices($)
+{
+    my $bstr = shift;
+    if (GetIntN($bstr, 1)) {
+        my ($i, $j);
+        for ($i=0; $i<8; ++$i) {
+            my $size = $i<6 ? 16 : 64;
+            next unless GetIntN($bstr, 1);
+            my ($last, $next) = (8, 8);
+            for ($j=0; $j<$size; ++$j) {
+                $next = ($last + GetGolombS($bstr)) & 0xff if $next;
+                last unless $j or $next;
+            }
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+#------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+# Parse H.264 sequence parameter set RBSP (ref 1)
+# Inputs) 0) ExifTool ref, 1) tag table ref, 2) data ref
+sub ParseSeqParamSet($$$)
+{
+    my ($et, $tagTablePtr, $dataPt) = @_;
+    # initialize our bitstream object
+    my $bstr = NewBitStream($dataPt) or return;
+    my ($t, $i, $j, $n);
+    # the messy nature of H.264 encoding makes it difficult to use
+    # data-driven structure parsing, so I code it explicitly (yuck!)
+    $t = GetIntN($bstr, 8);         # profile_idc
+    GetIntN($bstr, 16);             # constraints and level_idc
+    GetGolomb($bstr);               # seq_parameter_set_id
+    if ($t >= 100) { # (ref b)
+        $t = GetGolomb($bstr);      # chroma_format_idc
+        if ($t == 3) {
+            GetIntN($bstr, 1);      # separate_colour_plane_flag
+            $n = 12;
+        } else {
+            $n = 8;
+        }
+        GetGolomb($bstr);           # bit_depth_luma_minus8
+        GetGolomb($bstr);           # bit_depth_chroma_minus8
+        GetIntN($bstr, 1);          # qpprime_y_zero_transform_bypass_flag
+        DecodeScalingMatrices($bstr);
+    }
+    GetGolomb($bstr);               # log2_max_frame_num_minus4
+    $t = GetGolomb($bstr);          # pic_order_cnt_type
+    if ($t == 0) {
+        GetGolomb($bstr);           # log2_max_pic_order_cnt_lsb_minus4
+    } elsif ($t == 1) {
+        GetIntN($bstr, 1);          # delta_pic_order_always_zero_flag
+        GetGolomb($bstr);           # offset_for_non_ref_pic
+        GetGolomb($bstr);           # offset_for_top_to_bottom_field
+        $n = GetGolomb($bstr);      # num_ref_frames_in_pic_order_cnt_cycle
+        for ($i=0; $i<$n; ++$i) {
+            GetGolomb($bstr);       # offset_for_ref_frame[i]
+        }
+    }
+    GetGolomb($bstr);               # num_ref_frames
+    GetIntN($bstr, 1);              # gaps_in_frame_num_value_allowed_flag
+    my $w = GetGolomb($bstr);       # pic_width_in_mbs_minus1
+    my $h = GetGolomb($bstr);       # pic_height_in_map_units_minus1
+    my $f = GetIntN($bstr, 1);      # frame_mbs_only_flag
+    $f or GetIntN($bstr, 1);        # mb_adaptive_frame_field_flag
+    GetIntN($bstr, 1);              # direct_8x8_inference_flag
+    # convert image size to pixels
+    $w = ($w + 1) * 16;
+    $h = (2 - $f) * ($h + 1) * 16;
+    # account for cropping (if any)
+    $t = GetIntN($bstr, 1);         # frame_cropping_flag
+    if ($t) {
+        my $m = 4 - $f * 2;
+        $w -=  4 * GetGolomb($bstr);# frame_crop_left_offset
+        $w -=  4 * GetGolomb($bstr);# frame_crop_right_offset
+        $h -= $m * GetGolomb($bstr);# frame_crop_top_offset
+        $h -= $m * GetGolomb($bstr);# frame_crop_bottom_offset
+    }
+    # quick validity checks (just in case)
+    return unless $$bstr{Mask};
+    if ($w>=160 and $w<=4096 and $h>=120 and $h<=3072) {
+        $et->HandleTag($tagTablePtr, ImageWidth => $w);
+        $et->HandleTag($tagTablePtr, ImageHeight => $h);
+        # (whew! -- so much work just to get ImageSize!!)
+    }
+    # return now unless interested in picture timing information
+    return unless $parsePictureTiming;
+
+    # parse vui parameters if they exist
+    GetIntN($bstr, 1) or return;    # vui_parameters_present_flag
+    $t = GetIntN($bstr, 1);         # aspect_ratio_info_present_flag
+    if ($t) {
+        $t = GetIntN($bstr, 8);     # aspect_ratio_idc
+        if ($t == 255) {            # Extended_SAR ?
+            GetIntN($bstr, 32);     # sar_width/sar_height
+        }
+    }
+    $t = GetIntN($bstr, 1);         # overscan_info_present_flag
+    GetIntN($bstr, 1) if $t;        # overscan_appropriate_flag
+    $t = GetIntN($bstr, 1);         # video_signal_type_present_flag
+    if ($t) {
+        GetIntN($bstr, 4);          # video_format/video_full_range_flag
+        $t = GetIntN($bstr, 1);     # colour_description_present_flag
+        GetIntN($bstr, 24) if $t;   # colour_primaries/transfer_characteristics/matrix_coefficients
+    }
+    $t = GetIntN($bstr, 1);         # chroma_loc_info_present_flag
+    if ($t) {
+        GetGolomb($bstr);           # chroma_sample_loc_type_top_field
+        GetGolomb($bstr);           # chroma_sample_loc_type_bottom_field
+    }
+    $t = GetIntN($bstr, 1);         # timing_info_present_flag
+    if ($t) {
+        return if BitsLeft($bstr) < 65;
+        $$et{VUI_units} = GetIntN($bstr, 32); # num_units_in_tick
+        $$et{VUI_scale} = GetIntN($bstr, 32); # time_scale
+        GetIntN($bstr, 1);          # fixed_frame_rate_flag
+    }
+    my $hard;
+    for ($j=0; $j<2; ++$j) {
+        $t = GetIntN($bstr, 1);     # nal_/vcl_hrd_parameters_present_flag
+        if ($t) {
+            $$et{VUI_hard} = 1;
+            $hard = 1;
+            $n = GetGolomb($bstr);  # cpb_cnt_minus1
+            GetIntN($bstr, 8);      # bit_rate_scale/cpb_size_scale
+            for ($i=0; $i<=$n; ++$i) {
+                GetGolomb($bstr);   # bit_rate_value_minus1[SchedSelIdx]
+                GetGolomb($bstr);   # cpb_size_value_minus1[SchedSelIdx]
+                GetIntN($bstr, 1);  # cbr_flag[SchedSelIdx]
+            }
+            GetIntN($bstr, 5);      # initial_cpb_removal_delay_length_minus1
+            $$et{VUI_clen} = GetIntN($bstr, 5); # cpb_removal_delay_length_minus1
+            $$et{VUI_dlen} = GetIntN($bstr, 5); # dpb_output_delay_length_minus1
+            $$et{VUI_toff} = GetIntN($bstr, 5); # time_offset_length
+        }
+    }
+    GetIntN($bstr, 1) if $hard;     # low_delay_hrd_flag
+    $$et{VUI_pic} = GetIntN($bstr, 1);    # pic_struct_present_flag
+    # (don't yet decode the rest of the vui data)
+}
+
+#------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+# Parse H.264 picture timing SEI message (payload type 1) (ref 1)
+# Inputs) 0) ExifTool ref, 1) data ref
+sub ParsePictureTiming($$)
+{
+    my ($et, $dataPt) = @_;
+    my $bstr = NewBitStream($dataPt) or return;
+    my ($i, $t, $n);
+    # the specification is very odd on this point: the following delays
+    # exist if the VUI hardware parameters are present, or if
+    # "determined by the application, by some means not specified" -- WTF??
+    if ($$et{VUI_hard}) {
+        GetIntN($bstr, $$et{VUI_clen} + 1);   # cpb_removal_delay
+        GetIntN($bstr, $$et{VUI_dlen} + 1);   # dpb_output_delay
+    }
+    if ($$et{VUI_pic}) {
+        $t = GetIntN($bstr, 4);     # pic_struct
+        # determine NumClockTS ($n)
+        $n = { 0=>1, 1=>1, 2=>1, 3=>2, 4=>2, 5=>3, 6=>3, 7=>2, 8=>3 }->{$t};
+        $n or return;
+        for ($i=0; $i<$n; ++$i) {
+            $t = GetIntN($bstr, 1); # clock_timestamp_flag[i]
+            next unless $t;
+            my ($nu, $s, $m, $h, $o);
+            GetIntN($bstr, 2);      # ct_type
+            $nu = GetIntN($bstr, 1);# nuit_field_based_flag
+            GetIntN($bstr, 5);      # counting_type
+            $t = GetIntN($bstr, 1); # full_timestamp_flag
+            GetIntN($bstr, 1);      # discontinuity_flag
+            GetIntN($bstr, 1);      # cnt_dropped_flag
+            GetIntN($bstr, 8);      # n_frames
+            if ($t) {
+                $s = GetIntN($bstr, 6); # seconds_value
+                $m = GetIntN($bstr, 6); # minutes_value
+                $h = GetIntN($bstr, 5); # hours_value
+            } else {
+                $t = GetIntN($bstr, 1); # seconds_flag
+                if ($t) {
+                    $s = GetIntN($bstr, 6); # seconds_value
+                    $t = GetIntN($bstr, 1); # minutes_flag
+                    if ($t) {
+                        $m = GetIntN($bstr, 6); # minutes_value
+                        $t = GetIntN($bstr, 1); # hours_flag
+                        $h = GetIntN($bstr, 5) if $t;   # hours_value
+                    }
+                }
+            }
+            if ($$et{VUI_toff}) {
+                $o = GetIntN($bstr, $$et{VUI_toff});  # time_offset
+            }
+            last;   # only parse the first clock timestamp found
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+#------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+# Process H.264 Supplementary Enhancement Information (ref 1/PH)
+# Inputs: 0) Exiftool ref, 1) dirInfo ref, 2) tag table ref
+# Returns: 1 if we processed payload type 5
+sub ProcessSEI($$)
+{
+    my ($et, $dirInfo) = @_;
+    my $dataPt = $$dirInfo{DataPt};
+    my $end = length($$dataPt);
+    my $pos = 0;
+    my ($type, $size, $index, $t);
+
+    # scan through SEI payload for type 5 (the unregistered user data)
+    for (;;) {
+        $type = 0;
+        for (;;) {
+            return 0 if $pos >= $end;
+            $t = Get8u($dataPt, $pos++);    # payload type
+            $type += $t;
+            last unless $t == 255;
+        }
+        return 0 if $type == 0x80;  # terminator (ref PH - maybe byte alignment bits?)
+        $size = 0;
+        for (;;) {
+            return 0 if $pos >= $end;
+            $t = Get8u($dataPt, $pos++);    # payload data length
+            $size += $t;
+            last unless $t == 255;
+        }
+        return 0 if $pos + $size > $end;
+        if ($type == 1) {                   # picture timing information
+            if ($parsePictureTiming) {
+                my $buff = substr($$dataPt, $pos, $size);
+                ParsePictureTiming($et, $dataPt);
+            }
+        } elsif ($type == 5) {              # unregistered user data
+            last; # exit loop to process user data now
+        }
+        $pos += $size;
+    }
+
+    # look for our 16-byte UUID
+    # - plus "MDPM" for "ModifiedDVPackMeta"
+    # - plus "GA94" for closed-caption data (currently not decoded)
+    return 0 unless $size > 20 and substr($$dataPt, $pos, 20) eq
+        "\x17\xee\x8c\x60\xf8\x4d\x11\xd9\x8c\xd6\x08\0\x20\x0c\x9a\x66MDPM";
+
+    # load the GPS module because it contains conversion routines and
+    # Composite tags needed for a number of tags we may be extracting
+    require Image::ExifTool::GPS;
+#
+# parse the MDPM records in the UUID 17ee8c60f84d11d98cd60800200c9a66
+# unregistered user data payload (ref PH)
+#
+    my $tagTablePtr = GetTagTable('Image::ExifTool::H264::MDPM');
+    my $oldIndent = $$et{INDENT};
+    $$et{INDENT} .= '| ';
+    $end = $pos + $size;    # end of payload
+    $pos += 20;             # skip UUID + "MDPM"
+    my $num = Get8u($dataPt, $pos++);   # get entry count
+    my $lastTag = 0;
+    $et->VerboseDir('MDPM', $num) if $et->Options('Verbose');
+    # walk through entries in the MDPM payload
+    for ($index=0; $index<$num and $pos<$end; ++$index) {
+        my $tag = Get8u($dataPt, $pos);
+        if ($tag <= $lastTag) { # should be in numerical order (PH)
+            $et->Warn('Entries in MDPM directory are out of sequence');
+            last;
+        }
+        $lastTag = $tag;
+        my $buff = substr($$dataPt, $pos + 1, 4);
+        my $from;
+        my $tagInfo = $et->GetTagInfo($tagTablePtr, $tag);
+        if ($tagInfo) {
+            # use our own print conversion for Unknown tags
+            if ($$tagInfo{Unknown} and not $$tagInfo{SetPrintConv}) {
+                $$tagInfo{PrintConv} = 'sprintf("0x%.8x", unpack("N", $val))';
+                $$tagInfo{SetPrintConv} = 1;
+            }
+            # combine with next value(s) if necessary
+            my $combine = $$tagTablePtr{$tag}{Combine};
+            while ($combine) {
+                last if $pos + 5 >= $end;
+                my $t =  Get8u($dataPt, $pos + 5);
+                last if $t != $lastTag + 1; # must be consecutive tag ID's
+                $pos += 5;
+                $buff .= substr($$dataPt, $pos + 1, 4);
+                $from = $index unless defined $from;
+                ++$index;
+                ++$lastTag;
+                --$combine;
+            }
+            $et->HandleTag($tagTablePtr, $tag, undef,
+                TagInfo => $tagInfo,
+                DataPt  => \$buff,
+                Size    => length($buff),
+                Index   => defined $from ? "$from-$index" : $index,
+            );
+        }
+        $pos += 5;
+    }
+    $$et{INDENT} = $oldIndent;
+    return 1;
+}
+
+#------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+# Extract information from H.264 video stream
+# Inputs: 0) ExifTool ref, 1) data ref
+# Returns: 0 = done parsing, 1 = we want to parse more of these
+sub ParseH264Video($$)
+{
+    my ($et, $dataPt) = @_;
+    my $verbose = $et->Options('Verbose');
+    my $out = $et->Options('TextOut');
+    my $tagTablePtr = GetTagTable('Image::ExifTool::H264::Main');
+    my %parseNalUnit = ( 0x06 => 1, 0x07 => 1 );    # NAL unit types to parse
+    my $foundUserData;
+    my $len = length $$dataPt;
+    my $pos = 0;
+    while ($pos < $len) {
+        my ($nextPos, $end);
+        # find start of next NAL unit
+        if ($$dataPt =~ /(\0{2,3}\x01)/g) {
+            $nextPos = pos $$dataPt;
+            $end = $nextPos - length $1;
+            $pos or $pos = $nextPos, next;
+        } else {
+            last unless $pos;
+            $nextPos = $end = $len;
+        }
+        last if $pos >= $len;
+        # parse NAL unit from $pos to $end
+        my $nal_unit_type = Get8u($dataPt, $pos);
+        ++$pos;
+        # check forbidden_zero_bit
+        $nal_unit_type & 0x80 and $et->Warn('H264 forbidden bit error'), last;
+        $nal_unit_type &= 0x1f;
+        # ignore this NAL unit unless we will parse it
+        $parseNalUnit{$nal_unit_type} or $verbose or $pos = $nextPos, next;
+        # read NAL unit (and convert all 0x000003's to 0x0000 as per spec.)
+        my $buff = '';
+        pos($$dataPt) = $pos + 1;
+        while ($$dataPt =~ /\0\0\x03/g) {
+            last if pos $$dataPt > $end;
+            $buff .= substr($$dataPt, $pos, pos($$dataPt)-1-$pos);
+            $pos = pos $$dataPt;
+        }
+        $buff .= substr($$dataPt, $pos, $end - $pos);
+        if ($verbose > 1) {
+            printf $out "  NAL Unit Type: 0x%x (%d bytes)\n",$nal_unit_type, length $buff;
+            my %parms = ( Out => $out );
+            $parms{MaxLen} = 96 if $verbose < 4;
+            Image::ExifTool::HexDump(\$buff, undef, %parms) if $verbose > 2;
+        }
+        pos($$dataPt) = $pos = $nextPos;
+
+        if ($nal_unit_type == 0x06) {       # sei_rbsp (supplemental enhancement info)
+
+            if ($$et{GotNAL06}) {
+                # process only the first SEI unless ExtractEmbedded is set
+                next unless $et->Options('ExtractEmbedded');
+                $$et{DOC_NUM} = $$et{GotNAL06};
+            }
+            $foundUserData = ProcessSEI($et, { DataPt => \$buff } );
+            delete $$et{DOC_NUM};
+            # keep parsing SEI's until we find the user data
+            next unless $foundUserData;
+            $$et{GotNAL06} = ($$et{GotNAL06} || 0) + 1;
+
+        } elsif ($nal_unit_type == 0x07) {  # sequence_parameter_set_rbsp
+
+            # process this NAL unit type only once
+            next if $$et{GotNAL07};
+            $$et{GotNAL07} = 1;
+            ParseSeqParamSet($et, $tagTablePtr, \$buff);
+        }
+        # we were successful, so don't parse this NAL unit type again
+        delete $parseNalUnit{$nal_unit_type};
+    }
+    # parse one extra H264 frame if we didn't find the user data in this one
+    # (Panasonic cameras don't put the SEI in the first frame)
+    return 0 if $foundUserData or $$et{ParsedH264};
+    $$et{ParsedH264} = 1;
+    return 1;
+}
+
+1;  # end
+
+__END__
+
+=head1 NAME
+
+Image::ExifTool::H264 - Read meta information from H.264 video
+
+=head1 SYNOPSIS
+
+This module is used by Image::ExifTool
+
+=head1 DESCRIPTION
+
+This module contains routines required by Image::ExifTool to extract
+information from H.264 video streams.
+
+=head1 AUTHOR
+
+Copyright 2003-2014, Phil Harvey (phil at owl.phy.queensu.ca)
+
+This library is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it
+under the same terms as Perl itself.
+
+=head1 REFERENCES
+
+=over 4
+
+=item L<http://www.itu.int/rec/T-REC-H.264/e>
+
+=item L<http://miffteevee.co.uk/documentation/development/H264Parser_8cpp-source.html>
+
+=item L<http://ffmpeg.org/>
+
+=back
+
+=head1 SEE ALSO
+
+L<Image::ExifTool::TagNames/H264 Tags>,
+L<Image::ExifTool(3pm)|Image::ExifTool>
+
+=cut
+