exiftool_vendored 9.45.0 → 9.46.0

data/bin/Image-ExifTool-9.45/lib/Image/ExifTool/MakerNotes.pm

@@ -1,1598 +0,0 @@
-#------------------------------------------------------------------------------
-# File:         MakerNotes.pm
-#
-# Description:  Read and write EXIF maker notes
-#
-# Revisions:    11/11/2004 - P. Harvey Created
-#------------------------------------------------------------------------------
-
-package Image::ExifTool::MakerNotes;
-
-use strict;
-use vars qw($VERSION);
-use Image::ExifTool qw(:DataAccess);
-use Image::ExifTool::Exif;
-
-sub ProcessUnknown($$$);
-sub ProcessUnknownOrPreview($$$);
-sub ProcessCanon($$$);
-sub ProcessGE2($$$);
-sub WriteUnknownOrPreview($$$);
-sub FixLeicaBase($$;$);
-
-$VERSION = '1.87';
-
-my $debug;          # set to 1 to enable debugging code
-
-# conditional list of maker notes
-# Notes:
-# - This is NOT a normal tag table!
-# - All byte orders are now specified because we can now
-#   write maker notes into a file with different byte ordering!
-# - Put these in alphabetical order to make TagNames documentation nicer.
-@Image::ExifTool::MakerNotes::Main = (
-    # decide which MakerNotes to use (based on camera make/model)
-    {
-        Name => 'MakerNoteApple',
-        Condition => '$$valPt =~ /^Apple iOS\0/',
-        SubDirectory => {
-            TagTable => 'Image::ExifTool::Apple::Main',
-            ByteOrder => 'Unknown',
-            Start => '$valuePtr + 14',
-            Base => '$start - 14',
-        },
-    },
-    {
-        # this maker notes starts with a standard TIFF header at offset 0x0a
-        # (must check Nikon signature first because Nikon Capture NX can generate
-        #  NEF images containing Nikon maker notes from JPEG images of any camera model)
-        Name => 'MakerNoteNikon',
-        Condition => '$$valPt=~/^Nikon\x00\x02/',
-        SubDirectory => {
-            TagTable => 'Image::ExifTool::Nikon::Main',
-            Start => '$valuePtr + 18',
-            Base => '$start - 8',
-            ByteOrder => 'Unknown',
-        },
-    },
-    {
-        Name => 'MakerNoteCanon',
-        # (starts with an IFD)
-        Condition => '$$self{Make} =~ /^Canon/',
-        SubDirectory => {
-            TagTable => 'Image::ExifTool::Canon::Main',
-            ProcessProc => \&ProcessCanon,
-            ByteOrder => 'Unknown',
-        },
-    },
-    {
-        Name => 'MakerNoteCasio',
-        # do negative lookahead assertion just to get tags
-        # in a nice order for documentation
-        # (starts with an IFD)
-        Condition => '$$self{Make}=~/^CASIO/ and $$valPt!~/^(QVC|DCI)\0/',
-        SubDirectory => {
-            TagTable => 'Image::ExifTool::Casio::Main',
-            ByteOrder => 'Unknown',
-        },
-    },
-    {
-        Name => 'MakerNoteCasio2',
-        # (starts with "QVC\0" [Casio] or "DCI\0" [Concord])
-        # (also found in AVI and MOV videos)
-        Condition => '$$valPt =~ /^(QVC|DCI)\0/',
-        SubDirectory => {
-            TagTable => 'Image::ExifTool::Casio::Type2',
-            Start => '$valuePtr + 6',
-            ByteOrder => 'Unknown',
-            FixBase => 1, # necessary for AVI and MOV videos
-        },
-    },
-    {
-        Name => 'MakerNoteFLIR',
-        # (starts with IFD, Make is 'FLIR Systems AB' or 'FLIR Systems')
-        Condition => '$$self{Make} =~ /^FLIR Systems/',
-        SubDirectory => {
-            TagTable => 'Image::ExifTool::FLIR::Main',
-            Start => '$valuePtr',
-            ByteOrder => 'Unknown',
-        },
-    },
-    {
-        # The Fuji maker notes use a structure similar to a self-contained
-        # TIFF file, but with "FUJIFILM" instead of the standard TIFF header
-        Name => 'MakerNoteFujiFilm',
-        # (starts with "FUJIFILM" -- also used by some Leica, Minolta and Sharp models)
-        # (GE FujiFilm models start with "GENERALE")
-        Condition => '$$valPt =~ /^(FUJIFILM|GENERALE)/',
-        SubDirectory => {
-            TagTable => 'Image::ExifTool::FujiFilm::Main',
-            # there is an 8-byte maker tag (FUJIFILM) we must skip over
-            OffsetPt => '$valuePtr+8',
-            # the pointers are relative to the subdirectory start
-            # (before adding the offsetPt) - PH
-            Base => '$start',
-            ByteOrder => 'LittleEndian',
-        },
-    },
-    {
-        Name => 'MakerNoteGE',
-        Condition => '$$valPt =~ /^GE(\0\0|NIC\0)/',
-        SubDirectory => {
-            TagTable => 'Image::ExifTool::GE::Main',
-            Start => '$valuePtr + 18',
-            FixBase => 1,
-            AutoFix => 1,
-            ByteOrder => 'Unknown',
-       },
-    },
-    {
-        Name => 'MakerNoteGE2',
-        Condition => '$$valPt =~ /^GE\x0c\0\0\0\x16\0\0\0/',
-        # Note: we will get a "Maker notes could not be parsed" warning when writing
-        #       these maker notes because they aren't currently supported for writing
-        SubDirectory => {
-            TagTable => 'Image::ExifTool::FujiFilm::Main',
-            ProcessProc => \&ProcessGE2,
-            Start => '$valuePtr + 12',
-            Base => '$start - 6',
-            ByteOrder => 'LittleEndian',
-            # hard patch for crazy offsets
-            FixOffsets => '$valuePtr -= 210 if $tagID >= 0x1303',
-       },
-    },
-    {
-        Name => 'MakerNoteHasselblad',
-        Condition => '$$self{Make} eq "Hasselblad"',
-        SubDirectory => {
-            TagTable => 'Image::ExifTool::Unknown::Main',
-            ByteOrder => 'Unknown',
-            Start => '$valuePtr',
-            Base => 0, # (avoids warnings since maker notes are not self-contained)
-        },
-    },
-    # (the GE X5 has really messed up EXIF-like maker notes starting with
-    #  "GENIC\x0c\0" --> currently not decoded)
-    {
-        Name => 'MakerNoteHP',  # PhotoSmart 720 (also Vivitar 3705, 3705B and 3715)
-        Condition => '$$valPt =~ /^(Hewlett-Packard|Vivitar)/',
-        SubDirectory => {
-            TagTable => 'Image::ExifTool::HP::Main',
-            ProcessProc => \&ProcessUnknown,
-            ByteOrder => 'Unknown',
-        },
-    },
-    {
-        Name => 'MakerNoteHP2', # PhotoSmart E427
-        # (this type of maker note also used by BenQ, Mustek, Sanyo, Traveler and Vivitar)
-        Condition => '$$valPt =~ /^610[\0-\4]/',
-        NotIFD => 1,
-        SubDirectory => {
-            TagTable => 'Image::ExifTool::HP::Type2',
-            Start => '$valuePtr',
-            ByteOrder => 'LittleEndian',
-        },
-    },
-    {
-        Name => 'MakerNoteHP4', # PhotoSmart M627
-        Condition => '$$valPt =~ /^IIII\x04\0/',
-        NotIFD => 1,
-        SubDirectory => {
-            TagTable => 'Image::ExifTool::HP::Type4',
-            Start => '$valuePtr',
-            ByteOrder => 'LittleEndian',
-        },
-    },
-    {
-        Name => 'MakerNoteHP6', # PhotoSmart M425, M525 and M527
-        Condition => '$$valPt =~ /^IIII\x06\0/',
-        NotIFD => 1,
-        SubDirectory => {
-            TagTable => 'Image::ExifTool::HP::Type6',
-            Start => '$valuePtr',
-            ByteOrder => 'LittleEndian',
-        },
-    },
-    {
-        Name => 'MakerNoteISL', # (used in Samsung GX20 samples)
-        Condition => '$$valPt =~ /^ISLMAKERNOTE000\0/',
-        # this maker notes starts with a TIFF-like header at offset 0x10
-        SubDirectory => {
-            TagTable => 'Image::ExifTool::Unknown::Main',
-            Start => '$valuePtr + 24',
-            Base => '$start - 8',
-            ByteOrder => 'Unknown',
-        },
-    },
-    {
-        Name => 'MakerNoteJVC',
-        Condition => '$$valPt=~/^JVC /',
-        SubDirectory => {
-            TagTable => 'Image::ExifTool::JVC::Main',
-            Start => '$valuePtr + 4',
-            ByteOrder => 'Unknown',
-        },
-    },
-    {
-        Name => 'MakerNoteJVCText',
-        Condition => '$$self{Make}=~/^(JVC|Victor)/ and $$valPt=~/^VER:/',
-        NotIFD => 1,
-        SubDirectory => {
-            TagTable => 'Image::ExifTool::JVC::Text',
-        },
-    },
-    {
-        Name => 'MakerNoteKodak1a',
-        Condition => '$$self{Make}=~/^EASTMAN KODAK/ and $$valPt=~/^KDK INFO/',
-        NotIFD => 1,
-        SubDirectory => {
-            TagTable => 'Image::ExifTool::Kodak::Main',
-            Start => '$valuePtr + 8',
-            ByteOrder => 'BigEndian',
-        },
-    },
-    {
-        Name => 'MakerNoteKodak1b',
-        Condition => '$$self{Make}=~/^EASTMAN KODAK/ and $$valPt=~/^KDK/',
-        NotIFD => 1,
-        SubDirectory => {
-            TagTable => 'Image::ExifTool::Kodak::Main',
-            Start => '$valuePtr + 8',
-            ByteOrder => 'LittleEndian',
-        },
-    },
-    {
-        # used by various Kodak, HP, Pentax and Minolta models
-        Name => 'MakerNoteKodak2',
-        Condition => q{
-            $$valPt =~ /^.{8}Eastman Kodak/s or
-            $$valPt =~ /^\x01\0[\0\x01]\0\0\0\x04\0[a-zA-Z]{4}/
-        },
-        NotIFD => 1,
-        SubDirectory => {
-            TagTable => 'Image::ExifTool::Kodak::Type2',
-            ByteOrder => 'BigEndian',
-        },
-    },
-    {
-        # not much to key on here, but we know the
-        # upper byte of the year should be 0x07:
-        Name => 'MakerNoteKodak3',
-        Condition => q{
-            $$self{Make} =~ /^EASTMAN KODAK/ and
-            $$valPt =~ /^(?!MM|II).{12}\x07/s and
-            $$valPt !~ /^(MM|II|AOC)/
-        },
-        NotIFD => 1,
-        SubDirectory => {
-            TagTable => 'Image::ExifTool::Kodak::Type3',
-            ByteOrder => 'BigEndian',
-        },
-    },
-    {
-        Name => 'MakerNoteKodak4',
-        Condition => q{
-            $$self{Make} =~ /^Eastman Kodak/ and
-            $$valPt =~ /^.{41}JPG/s and
-            $$valPt !~ /^(MM|II|AOC)/
-        },
-        NotIFD => 1,
-        SubDirectory => {
-            TagTable => 'Image::ExifTool::Kodak::Type4',
-            ByteOrder => 'BigEndian',
-        },
-    },
-    {
-        Name => 'MakerNoteKodak5',
-        Condition => q{
-            $$self{Make}=~/^EASTMAN KODAK/ and
-            ($$self{Model}=~/CX(4200|4230|4300|4310|6200|6230)/ or
-            # try to pick up similar models we haven't tested yet
-            $$valPt=~/^\0(\x1a\x18|\x3a\x08|\x59\xf8|\x14\x80)\0/)
-        },
-        NotIFD => 1,
-        SubDirectory => {
-            TagTable => 'Image::ExifTool::Kodak::Type5',
-            ByteOrder => 'BigEndian',
-        },
-    },
-    {
-        Name => 'MakerNoteKodak6a',
-        Condition => q{
-            $$self{Make}=~/^EASTMAN KODAK/ and
-            $$self{Model}=~/DX3215/
-        },
-        NotIFD => 1,
-        SubDirectory => {
-            TagTable => 'Image::ExifTool::Kodak::Type6',
-            ByteOrder => 'BigEndian',
-        },
-    },
-    {
-        Name => 'MakerNoteKodak6b',
-        Condition => q{
-            $$self{Make}=~/^EASTMAN KODAK/ and
-            $$self{Model}=~/DX3700/
-        },
-        NotIFD => 1,
-        SubDirectory => {
-            TagTable => 'Image::ExifTool::Kodak::Type6',
-            ByteOrder => 'LittleEndian',
-        },
-    },
-    {
-        Name => 'MakerNoteKodak7',
-        # look for something that looks like a serial number
-        # (confirmed serial numbers have the format KXXXX########, but we also
-        #  accept other strings from sample images that may be serial numbers)
-        Condition => q{
-            $$self{Make}=~/Kodak/i and
-            $$valPt =~ /^[CK][A-Z\d]{3} ?[A-Z\d]{1,2}\d{2}[A-Z\d]\d{4}[ \0]/
-        },
-        NotIFD => 1,
-        SubDirectory => {
-            TagTable => 'Image::ExifTool::Kodak::Type7',
-            ByteOrder => 'LittleEndian',
-        },
-    },
-    {
-        Name => 'MakerNoteKodak8a',
-        # IFD-format maker notes: look for reasonable number of
-        # entries and check format and count of first IFD entry
-        Condition => q{
-            $$self{Make}=~/Kodak/i and
-            ($$valPt =~ /^\0[\x02-\x7f]..\0[\x01-\x0c]\0\0/s or
-             $$valPt =~ /^[\x02-\x7f]\0..[\x01-\x0c]\0..\0\0/s)
-        },
-        SubDirectory => {
-            TagTable => 'Image::ExifTool::Kodak::Type8',
-            ProcessProc => \&ProcessUnknown,
-            ByteOrder => 'Unknown',
-        },
-    },
-    {
-        Name => 'MakerNoteKodak8b',
-        # TIFF-format maker notes
-        Condition => q{
-            $$self{Make}=~/Kodak/i and
-            $$valPt =~ /^(MM\0\x2a\0\0\0\x08|II\x2a\0\x08\0\0\0)/
-        },
-        SubDirectory => {
-            TagTable => 'Image::ExifTool::Kodak::Type8',
-            ProcessProc => \&ProcessUnknown,
-            ByteOrder => 'Unknown',
-            Start => '$valuePtr + 8',
-            Base => '$start - 8',
-        },
-    },
-    {
-        Name => 'MakerNoteKodak9',
-        # test header and Kodak:DateTimeOriginal
-        Condition => '$$valPt =~ m{^IIII[\x02\x03]\0.{14}\d{4}/\d{2}/\d{2} }s',
-        NotIFD => 1,
-        SubDirectory => {
-            TagTable => 'Image::ExifTool::Kodak::Type9',
-            ByteOrder => 'LittleEndian',
-        },
-    },
-    {
-        Name => 'MakerNoteKodak10',
-        # yet another type of Kodak IFD-format maker notes:
-        # this type begins with a byte order indicator,
-        # followed immediately by the IFD
-        Condition => q{
-            $$self{Make}=~/Kodak/i and
-            $$valPt =~ /^(MM\0[\x02-\x7f]|II[\x02-\x7f]\0)/
-        },
-        SubDirectory => {
-            TagTable => 'Image::ExifTool::Kodak::Type10',
-            ProcessProc => \&ProcessUnknown,
-            ByteOrder => 'Unknown',
-            Start => '$valuePtr + 2',
-        },
-    },
-    {
-        Name => 'MakerNoteKodakUnknown',
-        Condition => '$$self{Make}=~/Kodak/i and $$valPt!~/^AOC\0/',
-        NotIFD => 1,
-        SubDirectory => {
-            TagTable => 'Image::ExifTool::Kodak::Unknown',
-            ByteOrder => 'BigEndian',
-        },
-    },
-    {
-        Name => 'MakerNoteKyocera',
-        # (starts with "KYOCERA")
-        Condition => '$$valPt =~ /^KYOCERA/',
-        SubDirectory => {
-            TagTable => 'Image::ExifTool::Unknown::Main',
-            Start => '$valuePtr + 22',
-            Base => '$start + 2',
-            EntryBased => 1,
-            ByteOrder => 'Unknown',
-        },
-    },
-    {
-        Name => 'MakerNoteMinolta',
-        Condition => q{
-            $$self{Make}=~/^(Konica Minolta|Minolta)/i and
-            $$valPt !~ /^(MINOL|CAMER|MLY0|KC|\+M\+M|\xd7)/
-        },
-        SubDirectory => {
-            TagTable => 'Image::ExifTool::Minolta::Main',
-            ByteOrder => 'Unknown',
-        },
-    },
-    {
-        # the DiMAGE E323 (MINOL) and E500 (CAMER), and some models
-        # of Mustek, Pentax, Ricoh and Vivitar (CAMER).
-        Name => 'MakerNoteMinolta2',
-        Condition => '$$valPt =~ /^(MINOL|CAMER)\0/ and $$self{OlympusCAMER} = 1',
-        SubDirectory => {
-            # these models use Olympus tags in the range 0x200-0x221 plus 0xf00
-            TagTable => 'Image::ExifTool::Olympus::Main',
-            Start => '$valuePtr + 8',
-            ByteOrder => 'Unknown',
-        },
-    },
-    {
-        # /^MLY0/ - DiMAGE G400, G500, G530, G600
-        # /^KC/   - Revio KD-420Z, DiMAGE E203
-        # /^+M+M/ - DiMAGE E201
-        # /^\xd7/ - DiMAGE RD3000
-        Name => 'MakerNoteMinolta3',
-        Condition => '$$self{Make} =~ /^(Konica Minolta|Minolta)/i',
-        Binary => 1,
-        Notes => 'not EXIF-based',
-    },
-    {
-        # older Nikon maker notes
-        Name => 'MakerNoteNikon2',
-        Condition => '$$valPt=~/^Nikon\x00\x01/',
-        SubDirectory => {
-            TagTable => 'Image::ExifTool::Nikon::Type2',
-            Start => '$valuePtr + 8',
-            ByteOrder => 'LittleEndian',
-        },
-    },
-    {
-        # headerless Nikon maker notes
-        Name => 'MakerNoteNikon3',
-        Condition => '$$self{Make}=~/^NIKON/i',
-        SubDirectory => {
-            TagTable => 'Image::ExifTool::Nikon::Main',
-            ByteOrder => 'Unknown', # most are little-endian, but D1 is big
-        },
-    },
-    {
-        Name => 'MakerNoteOlympus',
-        # (if Make is 'SEIKO EPSON CORP.', starts with "EPSON\0")
-        # (if Make is 'OLYMPUS OPTICAL CO.,LTD' or 'OLYMPUS CORPORATION',
-        #  starts with "OLYMP\0")
-        Condition => '$$valPt =~ /^(OLYMP|EPSON)\0/',
-        SubDirectory => {
-            TagTable => 'Image::ExifTool::Olympus::Main',
-            Start => '$valuePtr + 8',
-            ByteOrder => 'Unknown',
-        },
-    },
-    {
-        Name => 'MakerNoteOlympus2',
-        # new Olympus maker notes start with "OLYMPUS\0"
-        Condition => '$$valPt =~ /^OLYMPUS\0/',
-        SubDirectory => {
-            TagTable => 'Image::ExifTool::Olympus::Main',
-            Start => '$valuePtr + 12',
-            Base => '$start - 12',
-            ByteOrder => 'Unknown',
-        },
-    },
-    {
-        Name => 'MakerNoteLeica',
-        # (starts with "LEICA\0\0\0")
-        Condition => '$$self{Make} eq "LEICA"',
-        SubDirectory => {
-            # many Leica models use the same format as Panasonic
-            TagTable => 'Image::ExifTool::Panasonic::Main',
-            Start => '$valuePtr + 8',
-            ByteOrder => 'Unknown',
-        },
-    },
-    {
-        Name => 'MakerNoteLeica2', # used by the M8
-        # (starts with "LEICA\0\0\0")
-        Condition => '$$self{Make} =~ /^Leica Camera AG/ and $$valPt =~ /^LEICA\0\0\0/',
-        SubDirectory => {
-            TagTable => 'Image::ExifTool::Panasonic::Leica2',
-            # (the offset base is different in JPEG and DNG images, but we
-            # can copy makernotes from one to the other, so we need special
-            # logic to decide which base to apply)
-            ProcessProc => \&FixLeicaBase,
-            Start => '$valuePtr + 8',
-            Base => '$start', # (- 8 for DNG images!)
-            ByteOrder => 'Unknown',
-        },
-    },
-    {
-        Name => 'MakerNoteLeica3', # used by the R8 and R9
-        # (starts with IFD)
-        Condition => q{
-            $$self{Make} =~ /^Leica Camera AG/ and $$valPt !~ /^LEICA/ and
-            $$self{Model} ne "S2" and $$self{Model} ne "LEICA M (Typ 240)"
-        },
-        SubDirectory => {
-            TagTable => 'Image::ExifTool::Panasonic::Leica3',
-            Start => '$valuePtr',
-            ByteOrder => 'Unknown',
-        },
-    },
-    {
-        Name => 'MakerNoteLeica4', # used by the M9/M-Monochrom
-        # (M9 and M Monochrom start with "LEICA0\x03\0")
-        Condition => '$$self{Make} =~ /^Leica Camera AG/ and $$valPt =~ /^LEICA0/',
-        SubDirectory => {
-            TagTable => 'Image::ExifTool::Panasonic::Leica4',
-            Start => '$valuePtr + 8',
-            Base => '$start - 8', # (yay! Leica fixed the M8 problem)
-            ByteOrder => 'Unknown',
-        },
-    },
-    {
-        Name => 'MakerNoteLeica5', # used by the X1/X2
-        # (X1 starts with "LEICA\0\x01\0", Make is "LEICA CAMERA AG")
-        # (X2 starts with "LEICA\0\x05\0", Make is "LEICA CAMERA AG")
-        # (X VARIO starts with "LEICA\0\x04\0", Make is "LEICA CAMERA AG")
-        Condition => '$$valPt =~ /^LEICA\0[\x01\x04\x05]\0/',
-        SubDirectory => {
-            TagTable => 'Image::ExifTool::Panasonic::Leica5',
-            Start => '$valuePtr + 8',
-            Base => '$start - 8',
-            ByteOrder => 'Unknown',
-        },
-    },
-    {
-        Name => 'MakerNoteLeica6', # used by the S2 and M (Typ 240)
-        # (starts with "LEICA\0\x02\xff", Make is "Leica Camera AG",
-        #  but maker notes aren't loaded at the time this is tested)
-        Condition => '$$self{Model} eq "S2" or $$self{Model} eq "LEICA M (Typ 240)"',
-        DataTag => 'LeicaTrailer',  # (generates fixup name for this tag)
-        LeicaTrailer => 1, # flag to special-case this tag in the Exif code
-        SubDirectory => {
-            TagTable => 'Image::ExifTool::Panasonic::Leica6',
-            Start => '$valuePtr + 8',
-            ByteOrder => 'Unknown',
-            # NOTE: Leica uses absolute file offsets when this maker note is stored
-            # as a JPEG trailer -- this case is handled by ProcessLeicaTrailer in
-            # Panasonic.pm, and any "Base" defined here is ignored for this case.
-            # ExifTool may also create S2/M maker notes inside the APP1 segment when
-            # copying from other files, and for this the normal EXIF offsets are used,
-            # Base should not be defined!
-        },
-    },
-    {
-        Name => 'MakerNotePanasonic',
-        # (starts with "Panasonic\0")
-        Condition => '$$valPt=~/^Panasonic/',
-        SubDirectory => {
-            TagTable => 'Image::ExifTool::Panasonic::Main',
-            Start => '$valuePtr + 12',
-            ByteOrder => 'Unknown',
-        },
-    },
-    {
-        Name => 'MakerNotePanasonic2',
-        # (starts with "Panasonic\0")
-        Condition => '$$self{Make}=~/^Panasonic/ and $$valPt=~/^MKE/',
-        SubDirectory => {
-            TagTable => 'Image::ExifTool::Panasonic::Type2',
-            ByteOrder => 'LittleEndian',
-        },
-    },
-    {
-        Name => 'MakerNotePentax',
-        # (starts with "AOC\0", but so does MakerNotePentax3)
-        # (also used by some Samsung models)
-        Condition => q{
-            $$valPt=~/^AOC\0/ and
-            $$self{Model} !~ /^PENTAX Optio ?[34]30RS\s*$/
-        },
-        SubDirectory => {
-            TagTable => 'Image::ExifTool::Pentax::Main',
-            # process as Unknown maker notes because the start offset and
-            # byte ordering are so variable
-            ProcessProc => \&ProcessUnknown,
-            # offsets can be totally whacky for Pentax maker notes,
-            # so attempt to fix the offset base if possible
-            FixBase => 1,
-            ByteOrder => 'Unknown',
-        },
-    },
-    {
-        Name => 'MakerNotePentax2',
-        # (starts with an IFD)
-        # Casio-like maker notes used only by the Optio 330 and 430
-        Condition => '$$self{Make}=~/^Asahi/ and $$valPt!~/^AOC\0/',
-        SubDirectory => {
-            TagTable => 'Image::ExifTool::Pentax::Type2',
-            ProcessProc => \&ProcessUnknown,
-            FixBase => 1,
-            ByteOrder => 'Unknown',
-        },
-    },
-    {
-        Name => 'MakerNotePentax3',
-        # (starts with "AOC\0", like the more common Pentax maker notes)
-        # Casio maker notes used only by the Optio 330RS and 430RS
-        Condition => '$$self{Make}=~/^Asahi/',
-        SubDirectory => {
-            TagTable => 'Image::ExifTool::Casio::Type2',
-            ProcessProc => \&ProcessUnknown,
-            FixBase => 1,
-            ByteOrder => 'Unknown',
-        },
-    },
-    {
-        Name => 'MakerNotePentax4',
-        # (starts with 3 or 4 digits)
-        # HP2-like text-based maker notes used by Optio E20
-        Condition => '$$self{Make}=~/^PENTAX/ and $$valPt=~/^\d{3}/',
-        NotIFD => 1,
-        SubDirectory => {
-            TagTable => 'Image::ExifTool::Pentax::Type4',
-            Start => '$valuePtr',
-            ByteOrder => 'LittleEndian',
-        },
-    },
-    {
-        Name => 'MakerNotePentax5',
-        # (starts with "PENTAX \0")
-        # used by cameras such as the Q, Optio  S1, RS1500 and WG-1
-        Condition => '$$valPt=~/^PENTAX \0/',
-        SubDirectory => {
-            TagTable => 'Image::ExifTool::Pentax::Main',
-            Start => '$valuePtr + 10',
-            Base => '$start - 10',
-            ByteOrder => 'Unknown',
-        },
-    },
-    {
-        Name => 'MakerNotePentax6',
-        # (starts with "S1\0\0\0\0\0\0\x0c\0\0\0")
-        Condition => '$$valPt=~/^S1\0{6}\x0c\0{3}/',
-        SubDirectory => {
-            TagTable => 'Image::ExifTool::Pentax::S1',
-            Start => '$valuePtr + 12',
-            Base => '$start - 12',
-            ByteOrder => 'Unknown',
-        },
-    },
-    {
-        Name => 'MakerNotePhaseOne',
-        # Starts with: 'IIIITwaR' or 'IIIICwaR' (have seen both written by P25)
-        # (have also seen code which expects 'MMMMRawT')
-        Condition => q{
-            return undef unless $$valPt =~ /^(IIII.waR|MMMMRaw.)/s;
-            $self->OverrideFileType($$self{TIFF_TYPE} = 'IIQ') if $count > 1000000;
-            return 1;
-        },
-        NotIFD => 1,
-        SubDirectory => { TagTable => 'Image::ExifTool::PhaseOne::Main' },
-        PutFirst => 1, # place immediately after TIFF header
-    },
-    {
-        Name => 'MakerNoteReconyx',
-        Condition => q{
-            $$valPt =~ /^\x01\xf1([\x02\x03]\x00)?/ and
-            ($1 or $$self{Make} eq "RECONYX")
-        },
-        SubDirectory => {
-            TagTable => 'Image::ExifTool::Reconyx::Main',
-            ByteOrder => 'Little-endian',
-        },
-    },
-    {
-        Name => 'MakerNoteRicoh',
-        # (my test R50 image starts with "      \x02\x01" - PH)
-        # (the HZ15 starts with "MM\0\x2a" but an extra 2 bytes of padding after
-        #  the IFD entry count prevents these from being processed as a standard IFD)
-        Condition => '$$self{Make}=~/^(PENTAX )?RICOH/ and $$valPt=~/^(Ricoh|      |MM\0\x2a|II\x2a\0)/i',
-        SubDirectory => {
-            TagTable => 'Image::ExifTool::Ricoh::Main',
-            Start => '$valuePtr + 8',
-            ByteOrder => 'Unknown',
-        },
-    },
-    {
-        Name => 'MakerNoteRicohText',
-        Condition => '$$self{Make}=~/^RICOH/',
-        NotIFD => 1,
-        SubDirectory => {
-            TagTable => 'Image::ExifTool::Ricoh::Text',
-            ByteOrder => 'Unknown',
-        },
-    },
-    {
-        Name => 'MakerNoteSamsung1a',
-        # Samsung STMN maker notes WITHOUT PreviewImage
-        Condition => '$$valPt =~ /^STMN\d{3}.\0{4}/s',
-        Binary => 1,
-        Notes => 'Samsung "STMN" maker notes without PreviewImage',
-    },
-    {
-        Name => 'MakerNoteSamsung1b',
-        # Samsung STMN maker notes WITH PreviewImage
-        Condition => '$$valPt =~ /^STMN\d{3}/',
-        SubDirectory => {
-            TagTable => 'Image::ExifTool::Samsung::Type1',
-        },
-    },
-    {
-        Name => 'MakerNoteSamsung2',
-        # Samsung EXIF-format maker notes
-        Condition => q{
-            $$self{Make} eq 'SAMSUNG' and ($$self{TIFF_TYPE} eq 'SRW' or
-            $$valPt=~/^(\0.\0\x01\0\x07\0{3}\x04|.\0\x01\0\x07\0\x04\0{3})0100/s)
-        },
-        SubDirectory => {
-            TagTable => 'Image::ExifTool::Samsung::Type2',
-            # Samsung is very inconsistent here, and uses absolute offsets for some
-            # models and relative offsets for others, so process as Unknown
-            ProcessProc => \&ProcessUnknown,
-            FixBase => 1,
-            ByteOrder => 'Unknown',
-        },
-    },
-    {
-        Name => 'MakerNoteSanyo',
-        # (starts with "SANYO\0")
-        Condition => '$$self{Make}=~/^SANYO/ and $$self{Model}!~/^(C4|J\d|S\d)\b/',
-        SubDirectory => {
-            TagTable => 'Image::ExifTool::Sanyo::Main',
-            Validate => '$val =~ /^SANYO/',
-            Start => '$valuePtr + 8',
-            ByteOrder => 'Unknown',
-        },
-    },
-    {
-        Name => 'MakerNoteSanyoC4',
-        # The C4 offsets are wrong by 12, so they must be fixed
-        Condition => '$$self{Make}=~/^SANYO/ and $$self{Model}=~/^C4\b/',
-        SubDirectory => {
-            TagTable => 'Image::ExifTool::Sanyo::Main',
-            Validate => '$val =~ /^SANYO/',
-            Start => '$valuePtr + 8',
-            FixBase => 1,
-            ByteOrder => 'Unknown',
-        },
-    },
-    {
-        Name => 'MakerNoteSanyoPatch',
-        # The J1, J2, J4, S1, S3 and S4 offsets are completely screwy
-        Condition => '$$self{Make}=~/^SANYO/',
-        SubDirectory => {
-            TagTable => 'Image::ExifTool::Sanyo::Main',
-            Validate => '$val =~ /^SANYO/',
-            Start => '$valuePtr + 8',
-            ByteOrder => 'Unknown',
-            FixOffsets => 'Image::ExifTool::Sanyo::FixOffsets($valuePtr, $valEnd, $size, $tagID, $wFlag)',
-        },
-    },
-    {
-        Name => 'MakerNoteSigma',
-        # (starts with "SIGMA\0")
-        Condition => '$$self{Make}=~/^(SIGMA|FOVEON)/',
-        SubDirectory => {
-            TagTable => 'Image::ExifTool::Sigma::Main',
-            Validate => '$val =~ /^(SIGMA|FOVEON)/',
-            Start => '$valuePtr + 10',
-            ByteOrder => 'Unknown',
-        },
-    },
-    {
-        Name => 'MakerNoteSony',
-        # (starts with "SONY DSC \0" or "SONY CAM \0")
-        # (TF1 starts with "\0\0SONY PIC\0")
-        Condition => '$$valPt=~/^SONY (DSC|CAM)/ or $$valPt=~/^\0\0SONY PIC\0/',
-        SubDirectory => {
-            TagTable => 'Image::ExifTool::Sony::Main',
-            Start => '$valuePtr + 12',
-            ByteOrder => 'Unknown',
-        },
-    },
-    {
-        Name => 'MakerNoteSony2',
-        # (starts with "SONY PI\0" -- DSC-S650/S700/S750)
-        Condition => '$$valPt=~/^SONY PI\0/ and $$self{OlympusCAMER}=1',
-        SubDirectory => {
-            TagTable => 'Image::ExifTool::Olympus::Main',
-            Start => '$valuePtr + 12',
-            ByteOrder => 'Unknown',
-        },
-    },
-    {
-        Name => 'MakerNoteSony3',
-        # (starts with "PREMI\0" -- DSC-S45/S500)
-        Condition => '$$valPt=~/^(PREMI)\0/ and $$self{OlympusCAMER}=1',
-        SubDirectory => {
-            TagTable => 'Image::ExifTool::Olympus::Main',
-            Start => '$valuePtr + 8',
-            ByteOrder => 'Unknown',
-        },
-    },
-    {
-        Name => 'MakerNoteSony4',
-        # (starts with "SONY PIC\0" -- DSC-H200/J20/W370/W510, MHS-TS20)
-        Condition => '$$valPt=~/^SONY PIC\0/',
-        SubDirectory => { TagTable => 'Image::ExifTool::Sony::PIC' },
-    },    
-    {
-        Name => 'MakerNoteSony5', # used in SR2 and ARW images
-        Condition => '$$self{Make}=~/^SONY/ and $$valPt!~/^\x01\x00/',
-        SubDirectory => {
-            TagTable => 'Image::ExifTool::Sony::Main',
-            Start => '$valuePtr',
-            ByteOrder => 'Unknown',
-        },
-    },
-    {
-        Name => 'MakerNoteSonyEricsson',
-        Condition => '$$valPt =~ /^SEMC MS\0/',
-        SubDirectory => {
-            TagTable => 'Image::ExifTool::Sony::Ericsson',
-            Start => '$valuePtr + 20',
-            Base => '$start - 8',
-            ByteOrder => 'Unknown',
-        },
-    },
-    {
-        Name => 'MakerNoteSonySRF',
-        Condition => '$$self{Make}=~/^SONY/',
-        SubDirectory => {
-            TagTable => 'Image::ExifTool::Sony::SRF',
-            Start => '$valuePtr',
-            ByteOrder => 'Unknown',
-        },
-    },
-    {
-        Name => 'MakerNoteUnknownText',
-        Condition => '$$valPt =~ /^[\x09\x0d\x0a\x20-\x7e]+\0*$/',
-        Notes => 'unknown text-based maker notes',
-        # show as binary if it is too long
-        ValueConv => 'length($val) > 64 ? \$val : $val',
-        ValueConvInv => '$val',
-    },
-    {
-        Name => 'MakerNoteUnknownBinary',
-        # "LSI1\0" - SilverFast
-        Condition => '$$valPt =~ /^LSI1\0/',
-        Notes => 'unknown binary maker notes',
-        Binary => 1,
-    },
-    {
-        Name => 'MakerNoteUnknown',
-        PossiblePreview => 1,
-        SubDirectory => {
-            TagTable => 'Image::ExifTool::Unknown::Main',
-            ProcessProc => \&ProcessUnknownOrPreview,
-            WriteProc => \&WriteUnknownOrPreview,
-            ByteOrder => 'Unknown',
-            FixBase => 2,
-       },
-    },
-);
-
-# insert writable properties so we can write our maker notes
-my $tagInfo;
-foreach $tagInfo (@Image::ExifTool::MakerNotes::Main) {
-    $$tagInfo{Writable} = 'undef';
-    $$tagInfo{Format} = 'undef', # (make sure we don't convert this when reading)
-    $$tagInfo{WriteGroup} = 'ExifIFD';
-    $$tagInfo{Groups} = { 1 => 'MakerNotes' };
-    next unless $$tagInfo{SubDirectory};
-    # make all SubDirectory tags block-writable
-    $$tagInfo{Binary} = 1,
-    $$tagInfo{MakerNotes} = 1;
-}
-
-#------------------------------------------------------------------------------
-# Get normal offset of value data from end of maker note IFD
-# Inputs: 0) ExifTool object reference
-# Returns: Array: 0) relative flag (undef for no change)
-#                 1) normal offset from end of IFD to first value (empty if unknown)
-#                 2-N) other possible offsets used by some models
-# Notes: Directory size should be validated before calling this routine
-sub GetMakerNoteOffset($)
-{
-    my $et = shift;
-    # figure out where we expect the value data based on camera type
-    my $make = $$et{Make};
-    my $model = $$et{Model};
-    my ($relative, @offsets);
-
-    # normally value data starts 4 bytes after end of directory, so this is the default.
-    # offsets of 0 and 4 are always allowed even if not specified,
-    # but the first offset specified is the one used when writing
-    if ($make =~ /^Canon/) {
-        push @offsets, ($model =~ /\b(20D|350D|REBEL XT|Kiss Digital N)\b/) ? 6 : 4;
-        # some Canon models (FV-M30, Optura50, Optura60) leave 24 unused bytes
-        # at the end of the IFD (2 spare IFD entries?)
-        push @offsets, 28 if $model =~ /\b(FV\b|OPTURA)/;
-        # some Canon PowerShot models leave 12 unused bytes
-        push @offsets, 16 if $model =~ /(PowerShot|IXUS|IXY)/;
-    } elsif ($make =~ /^CASIO/) {
-        # Casio AVI and MOV images use no padding, and their JPEG's use 4,
-        # except some models like the EX-S770,Z65,Z70,Z75 and Z700 which use 16,
-        # and the EX-Z35 which uses 2 (grrrr...)
-        push @offsets, $$et{FILE_TYPE} =~ /^(RIFF|MOV)$/ ? 0 : (4, 16, 2);
-    } elsif ($make =~ /^(General Imaging Co.|GEDSC IMAGING CORP.)/i) {
-        push @offsets, 0;
-    } elsif ($make =~ /^KYOCERA/) {
-        push @offsets, 12;
-    } elsif ($make =~ /^Leica Camera AG/) {
-        if ($model eq 'S2') {
-            # lots of empty space before first value in S2 images
-            push @offsets, 4, ($$et{FILE_TYPE} eq 'JPEG' ? 286 : 274);
-        } elsif ($model eq 'LEICA M (Typ 240)') {
-            push @offsets, 4, 118;
-        } elsif ($model =~ /^(R8|R9|M8)\b/) {
-            push @offsets, 6;
-        } else {
-            push @offsets, 4;
-        }
-    } elsif ($make =~ /^OLYMPUS/ and $model =~ /^E-(1|300|330)\b/) {
-        push @offsets, 16;
-    } elsif ($make =~ /^OLYMPUS/ and
-        # these Olympus models are just weird
-        $model =~ /^(C2500L|C-1Z?|C-5000Z|X-2|C720UZ|C725UZ|C150|C2Z|E-10|E-20|FerrariMODEL2003|u20D|u10D)\b/)
-    {
-        # no expected offset --> determine offset empirically via FixBase()
-    } elsif ($make =~ /^(Panasonic|JVC)\b/) {
-        push @offsets, 0;
-    } elsif ($make =~ /^SONY/) {
-        # earlier DSLR and "PREMI" models use an offset of 4
-        if ($model =~ /^(DSLR-.*|SLT-A(33|35|55V)|NEX-(3|5|C3|VG10E))$/ or
-            $$et{OlympusCAMER})
-        {
-            push @offsets, 4;
-        } else {
-            push @offsets, 0;
-        }
-    } elsif ($make eq 'FUJIFILM') {
-        # some models have offset of 6, so allow that too (A345,A350,A360,A370)
-        push @offsets, 4, 6;
-    } elsif ($make =~ /^TOSHIBA/) {
-        # similar to Canon, can also have 24 bytes of padding
-        push @offsets, 0, 24;
-    } elsif ($make =~ /^PENTAX/) {
-        push @offsets, 4;
-        # the Pentax addressing mode is determined automatically, but
-        # sometimes the algorithm gets it wrong, but Pentax always uses
-        # absolute addressing, so force it to be absolute
-        $relative = 0;
-    } elsif ($make =~ /^Konica Minolta/i) {
-        # patch for DiMAGE X50, Xg, Z2 and Z10
-        push @offsets, 4, -16;
-    } elsif ($make =~ /^Minolta/) {
-        # patch for DiMAGE 7, X20 and Z1
-        push @offsets, 4, -8, -12;
-    } else {
-        push @offsets, 4;   # the normal offset
-    }
-    return ($relative, @offsets);
-}
-
-#------------------------------------------------------------------------------
-# Get hash of value offsets / block sizes
-# Inputs: 0) Data pointer, 1) offset to start of directory,
-#         2) hash ref to return value pointers based on tag ID
-# Returns: 0) hash reference: keys are offsets, values are block sizes
-#          1) same thing, but with keys adjusted for value-based offsets
-# Notes: Directory size should be validated before calling this routine
-# - calculates MIN and MAX offsets in entry-based hash
-sub GetValueBlocks($$;$)
-{
-    my ($dataPt, $dirStart, $tagPtr) = @_;
-    my $numEntries = Get16u($dataPt, $dirStart);
-    my ($index, $valPtr, %valBlock, %valBlkAdj, $end);
-    for ($index=0; $index<$numEntries; ++$index) {
-        my $entry = $dirStart + 2 + 12 * $index;
-        my $format = Get16u($dataPt, $entry+2);
-        last if $format < 1 or $format > 13;
-        my $count = Get32u($dataPt, $entry+4);
-        my $size = $count * $Image::ExifTool::Exif::formatSize[$format];
-        next if $size <= 4;
-        $valPtr = Get32u($dataPt, $entry+8);
-        $tagPtr and $$tagPtr{Get16u($dataPt, $entry)} = $valPtr;
-        # save location and size of longest block at this offset
-        unless (defined $valBlock{$valPtr} and $valBlock{$valPtr} > $size) {
-            $valBlock{$valPtr} = $size;
-        }
-        # adjust for case of value-based offsets
-        $valPtr += 12 * $index;
-        unless (defined $valBlkAdj{$valPtr} and $valBlkAdj{$valPtr} > $size) {
-            $valBlkAdj{$valPtr} = $size;
-            my $end = $valPtr + $size;
-            if (defined $valBlkAdj{MIN}) {
-                # save minimum only if it has a value of 12 or greater
-                $valBlkAdj{MIN} = $valPtr if $valBlkAdj{MIN} < 12 or $valBlkAdj{MIN} > $valPtr;
-                $valBlkAdj{MAX} = $end if $valBlkAdj{MAX} > $end;
-            } else {
-                $valBlkAdj{MIN} = $valPtr;
-                $valBlkAdj{MAX} = $end;
-            }
-        }
-    }
-    return(\%valBlock, \%valBlkAdj);
-}
-
-#------------------------------------------------------------------------------
-# Fix base for value offsets in maker notes IFD (if necessary)
-# Inputs: 0) ExifTool object ref, 1) DirInfo hash ref
-# Return: amount of base shift (and $dirInfo Base and DataPos are updated,
-#         FixedBy is set if offsets fixed, and Relative or EntryBased may be set)
-sub FixBase($$)
-{
-    local $_;
-    my ($et, $dirInfo) = @_;
-    # don't fix base if fixing offsets individually or if we don't want to fix them
-    return 0 if $$dirInfo{FixOffsets} or $$dirInfo{NoFixBase};
-
-    my $dataPt = $$dirInfo{DataPt};
-    my $dataPos = $$dirInfo{DataPos};
-    my $dirStart = $$dirInfo{DirStart} || 0;
-    my $entryBased = $$dirInfo{EntryBased};
-    my $dirName = $$dirInfo{DirName};
-    my $fixBase = $et->Options('FixBase');
-    my $setBase = (defined $fixBase and $fixBase ne '') ? 1 : 0;
-    my ($fix, $fixedBy, %tagPtr);
-
-    # get hash of value block positions
-    my ($valBlock, $valBlkAdj) = GetValueBlocks($dataPt, $dirStart, \%tagPtr);
-    return 0 unless %$valBlock;
-    # get sorted list of value offsets
-    my @valPtrs = sort { $a <=> $b } keys %$valBlock;
-#
-# handle special case of Canon maker notes with TIFF footer containing original offset
-#
-    if ($$et{Make} =~ /^Canon/ and $$dirInfo{DirLen} > 8) {
-        my $footerPos = $dirStart + $$dirInfo{DirLen} - 8;
-        my $footer = substr($$dataPt, $footerPos, 8);
-        if ($footer =~ /^(II\x2a\0|MM\0\x2a)/ and  # check for TIFF footer
-            substr($footer,0,2) eq GetByteOrder()) # validate byte ordering
-        {
-            my $oldOffset = Get32u(\$footer, 4);
-            my $newOffset = $dirStart + $dataPos;
-            if ($setBase) {
-                $fix = $fixBase;
-            } else {
-                $fix = $newOffset - $oldOffset;
-                return 0 unless $fix;
-                # Picasa and ACDSee have a bug where they update other offsets without
-                # updating the TIFF footer (PH - 2009/02/25), so test for this case:
-                # validate Canon maker note footer fix by checking offset of last value
-                my $maxPt = $valPtrs[-1] + $$valBlock{$valPtrs[-1]};
-                # compare to end of maker notes, taking 8-byte footer into account
-                my $endDiff = $dirStart + $$dirInfo{DirLen} - ($maxPt - $dataPos) - 8;
-                # ignore footer offset only if end difference is exactly correct
-                # (allow for possible padding byte, although I have never seen this)
-                if (not $endDiff or $endDiff == 1) {
-                    $et->Warn('Canon maker note footer may be invalid (ignored)',1);
-                    return 0;
-                }
-            }
-            $et->Warn("Adjusted $dirName base by $fix",1);
-            $$dirInfo{FixedBy} = $fix;
-            $$dirInfo{Base} += $fix;
-            $$dirInfo{DataPos} -= $fix;
-            return $fix;
-        }
-    }
-#
-# analyze value offsets to see if they need fixing.  The first task is to determine
-# the minimum valid offset used (this is tricky, because we have to weed out bad
-# offsets written by some cameras)
-#
-    my $minPt = $$dirInfo{MinOffset} = $valPtrs[0]; # if life were simple, this would be it
-    my $ifdLen = 2 + 12 * Get16u($$dirInfo{DataPt}, $dirStart);
-    my $ifdEnd = $dirStart + $ifdLen;
-    my ($relative, @offsets) = GetMakerNoteOffset($et);
-    my $makeDiff = $offsets[0];
-    my $verbose = $et->Options('Verbose');
-    my ($diff, $shift);
-
-    # calculate expected minimum value offset
-    my $expected = $dataPos + $ifdEnd + (defined $makeDiff ? $makeDiff : 4);
-    $debug and print "$expected expected\n";
-
-    # zero our counters
-    my ($countNeg12, $countZero, $countOverlap) = (0, 0, 0);
-    my ($valPtr, $last);
-    foreach $valPtr (@valPtrs) {
-        printf("%d - %d (%d)\n", $valPtr, $valPtr + $$valBlock{$valPtr},
-               $valPtr - ($last || 0)) if $debug;
-        if (defined $last) {
-            my $gap = $valPtr - $last;
-            if ($gap == 0 or $gap == 1) {
-                ++$countZero;
-            } elsif ($gap == -12 and not $entryBased) {
-                # you get this when value offsets are relative to the IFD entry
-                ++$countNeg12;
-            } elsif ($gap < 0) {
-                # any other negative difference indicates overlapping values
-                ++$countOverlap if $valPtr; # (but ignore zero value pointers)
-            } elsif ($gap >= $ifdLen) {
-                # ignore previous minimum if we took a jump to near the expected value
-                # (some values can be stored before the IFD)
-                $minPt = $valPtr if abs($valPtr - $expected) <= 4;
-            }
-            # an offset less than 12 is surely garbage, so ignore it
-            $minPt = $valPtr if $minPt < 12;
-        }
-        $last = $valPtr + $$valBlock{$valPtr};
-    }
-    # could this IFD be using entry-based offsets?
-    if ((($countNeg12 > $countZero and $$valBlkAdj{MIN} >= $ifdLen - 2) or
-         ($$valBlkAdj{MIN} == $ifdLen - 2 or $$valBlkAdj{MIN} == $ifdLen + 2)
-        ) and $$valBlkAdj{MAX} <= $$dirInfo{DirLen}-2)
-    {
-        # looks like these offsets are entry-based, so use the offsets
-        # which have been correcting for individual entry position
-        $entryBased = 1;
-        $verbose and $et->Warn("$dirName offsets are entry-based",1);
-    } else {
-        # calculate offset difference from end of IFD to first value
-        $diff = ($minPt - $dataPos) - $ifdEnd;
-        $shift = 0;
-        $countOverlap and $et->Warn("Overlapping $dirName values",1);
-        if ($entryBased) {
-            $et->Warn("$dirName offsets do NOT look entry-based",1);
-            undef $entryBased;
-            undef $relative;
-        }
-        # use PrintIM tag to do special check for correct absolute offsets
-        if ($tagPtr{0xe00}) {
-            my $ptr = $tagPtr{0xe00} - $dataPos;
-            return 0 if $ptr > 0 and $ptr <= length($$dataPt) - 8 and
-                        substr($$dataPt, $ptr, 8) eq "PrintIM\0";
-        }
-        # allow a range of reasonable differences for Unknown maker notes
-        if ($$dirInfo{FixBase} and $$dirInfo{FixBase} == 2) {
-            return 0 if $diff >=0 and $diff <= 24;
-        }
-        # ******** (used for testing to extract differences) ********
-        # $et->FoundTag('Diff', $diff);
-        # $et->FoundTag('MakeDiff',$makeDiff);
-    }
-#
-# handle entry-based offsets
-#
-    if ($entryBased) {
-        $debug and print "--> entry-based!\n";
-        # most of my entry-based samples have first value immediately
-        # after last IFD entry (ie. no padding or next IFD pointer)
-        $makeDiff = 0;
-        push @offsets, 4;   # but some do have a next IFD pointer
-        # corrected entry-based offsets are relative to start of first entry
-        my $expected = 12 * Get16u($$dirInfo{DataPt}, $dirStart);
-        $diff = $$valBlkAdj{MIN} - $expected;
-        # set up directory to read values with entry-based offsets
-        # (ignore everything and set base to start of first entry)
-        $shift = $dataPos + $dirStart + 2;
-        $$dirInfo{Base} += $shift;
-        $$dirInfo{DataPos} -= $shift;
-        $$dirInfo{EntryBased} = 1;
-        $$dirInfo{Relative} = 1;    # entry-based offsets are relative
-        delete $$dirInfo{FixBase};  # no automatic base fix
-        undef $fixBase unless $setBase;
-    }
-#
-# return without doing shift if offsets look OK
-#
-    unless ($setBase) {
-        # don't try to fix offsets for whacky cameras
-        return $shift unless defined $makeDiff;
-        # normal value data starts 4 bytes after IFD, but allow 0 or 4...
-        return $shift if $diff == 0 or $diff == 4;
-        # also check for allowed make-specific differences
-        foreach (@offsets) {
-            return $shift if $diff == $_;
-        }
-    }
-#
-# apply the fix, or issue a warning
-#
-    # use default padding of 4 bytes unless already specified
-    $makeDiff = 4 unless defined $makeDiff;
-    $fix = $makeDiff - $diff;   # assume standard diff for this make
-
-    if ($$dirInfo{FixBase}) {
-        # set flag if offsets are relative (base is at or above directory start)
-        if ($dataPos - $fix + $dirStart <= 0) {
-            $$dirInfo{Relative} = (defined $relative) ? $relative : 1;
-        }
-        if ($setBase) {
-            $fixedBy = $fixBase;
-            $fix += $fixBase;
-        }
-    } elsif (defined $fixBase) {
-        $fix = $fixBase if $fixBase ne '';
-        $fixedBy = $fix;
-    } else {
-        # print warning unless difference looks reasonable
-        if ($diff < 0 or $diff > 16 or ($diff & 0x01)) {
-            $et->Warn("Possibly incorrect maker notes offsets (fix by $fix?)",1);
-        }
-        # don't do the fix (but we already adjusted base if entry-based)
-        return $shift;
-    }
-    if (defined $fixedBy) {
-        $et->Warn("Adjusted $dirName base by $fixedBy",1);
-        $$dirInfo{FixedBy} = $fixedBy;
-    }
-    $$dirInfo{Base} += $fix;
-    $$dirInfo{DataPos} -= $fix;
-    return $fix + $shift;
-}
-
-#------------------------------------------------------------------------------
-# Find start of IFD in unknown maker notes
-# Inputs: 0) reference to directory information
-# Returns: offset to IFD on success, undefined otherwise
-# - dirInfo may contain TagInfo reference for tag associated with directory
-# - on success, updates DirStart, DirLen, Base and DataPos in dirInfo
-# - also sets Relative flag in dirInfo if offsets are relative to IFD
-# Note: Changes byte ordering!
-sub LocateIFD($$)
-{
-    my ($et, $dirInfo) = @_;
-    my $dataPt = $$dirInfo{DataPt};
-    my $dirStart = $$dirInfo{DirStart} || 0;
-    # (ignore MakerNotes DirLen since sometimes this is incorrect)
-    my $size = $$dirInfo{DataLen} - $dirStart;
-    my $dirLen = $$dirInfo{DirLen} || $size;
-    my $tagInfo = $$dirInfo{TagInfo};
-    my $ifdOffsetPos;
-    # the IFD should be within the first 32 bytes
-    # (Kyocera sets the current record at 22 bytes)
-    my ($firstTry, $lastTry) = (0, 32);
-
-    # make sure Base and DataPos are defined
-    $$dirInfo{Base} or $$dirInfo{Base} = 0;
-    $$dirInfo{DataPos} or $$dirInfo{DataPos} = 0;
-#
-# use tag information (if provided) to determine directory location
-#
-    if ($tagInfo and $$tagInfo{SubDirectory}) {
-        my $subdir = $$tagInfo{SubDirectory};
-        unless ($$subdir{ProcessProc} and 
-               ($$subdir{ProcessProc} eq \&ProcessUnknown or
-                $$subdir{ProcessProc} eq \&ProcessUnknownOrPreview))
-        {
-            # look for the IFD at the "Start" specified in our SubDirectory information
-            my $valuePtr = $dirStart;
-            my $newStart = $dirStart;
-            if (defined $$subdir{Start}) {
-                #### eval Start ($valuePtr)
-                $newStart = eval($$subdir{Start});
-            }
-            if ($$subdir{Base}) {
-                # calculate subdirectory start relative to $base for eval
-                my $start = $newStart + $$dirInfo{DataPos};
-                my $base = $$dirInfo{Base} || 0;
-                #### eval Base ($start,$base)
-                my $baseShift = eval($$subdir{Base});
-                # shift directory base (note: we may do this again below
-                # if an OffsetPt is defined, but that doesn't matter since
-                # the base shift is relative to DataPos, which we set too)
-                $$dirInfo{Base} += $baseShift;
-                $$dirInfo{DataPos} -= $baseShift;
-                # this is a relative directory if Base depends on $start
-                if ($$subdir{Base} =~ /\$start\b/) {
-                    $$dirInfo{Relative} = 1;
-                    # hack to fix Leica quirk
-                    if ($$subdir{ProcessProc} and $$subdir{ProcessProc} eq \&FixLeicaBase) {
-                        my $oldStart = $$dirInfo{DirStart};
-                        $$dirInfo{DirStart} = $newStart;
-                        FixLeicaBase($et, $dirInfo);
-                        $$dirInfo{DirStart} = $oldStart;
-                    }
-                }
-            }
-            # add offset to the start of the directory if necessary
-            if ($$subdir{OffsetPt}) {
-                if ($$subdir{ByteOrder} =~ /^Little/i) {
-                    SetByteOrder('II');
-                } elsif ($$subdir{ByteOrder} =~ /^Big/i) {
-                    SetByteOrder('MM');
-                } else {
-                    warn "Can't have variable byte ordering for SubDirectories using OffsetPt\n";
-                    return undef;
-                }
-                #### eval OffsetPt ($valuePtr)
-                $ifdOffsetPos = eval($$subdir{OffsetPt}) - $dirStart;
-            }
-            # pinpoint position to look for this IFD
-            $firstTry = $lastTry = $newStart - $dirStart;
-        }
-    }
-#
-# scan for something that looks like an IFD
-#
-    if ($dirLen >= 14 + $firstTry) {  # minimum size for an IFD
-        my $offset;
-IFD_TRY: for ($offset=$firstTry; $offset<=$lastTry; $offset+=2) {
-            last if $offset + 14 > $dirLen;    # 14 bytes is minimum size for an IFD
-            my $pos = $dirStart + $offset;
-#
-# look for a standard TIFF header (Nikon uses it, others may as well),
-#
-            if (SetByteOrder(substr($$dataPt, $pos, 2)) and
-                Get16u($dataPt, $pos + 2) == 0x2a)
-            {
-                $ifdOffsetPos = 4;
-            }
-            if (defined $ifdOffsetPos) {
-                # get pointer to IFD
-                my $ptr = Get32u($dataPt, $pos + $ifdOffsetPos);
-                if ($ptr >= $ifdOffsetPos + 4 and $ptr + $offset + 14 <= $dirLen) {
-                    # shift directory start and shorten dirLen accordingly
-                    $$dirInfo{DirStart} += $ptr + $offset;
-                    $$dirInfo{DirLen} -= $ptr + $offset;
-                    # shift pointer base to the start of the TIFF header
-                    my $shift = $$dirInfo{DataPos} + $dirStart + $offset;
-                    $$dirInfo{Base} += $shift;
-                    $$dirInfo{DataPos} -= $shift;
-                    $$dirInfo{Relative} = 1;   # set "relative offsets" flag
-                    return $ptr + $offset;
-                }
-                undef $ifdOffsetPos;
-            }
-#
-# look for a standard IFD (starts with 2-byte entry count)
-#
-            my $num = Get16u($dataPt, $pos);
-            next unless $num;
-            # number of entries in an IFD should be between 1 and 255
-            if (!($num & 0xff)) {
-                # lower byte is zero -- byte order could be wrong
-                ToggleByteOrder();
-                $num >>= 8;
-            } elsif ($num & 0xff00) {
-                # upper byte isn't zero -- not an IFD
-                next;
-            }
-            my $bytesFromEnd = $size - ($offset + 2 + 12 * $num);
-            if ($bytesFromEnd < 4) {
-                next unless $bytesFromEnd == 2 or $bytesFromEnd == 0;
-            }
-            # do a quick validation of all format types
-            my $index;
-            for ($index=0; $index<$num; ++$index) {
-                my $entry = $pos + 2 + 12 * $index;
-                my $format = Get16u($dataPt, $entry+2);
-                my $count = Get32u($dataPt, $entry+4);
-                unless ($format) {
-                    # patch for buggy Samsung NX200 JPEG MakerNotes entry count
-                    if ($num == 23 and $index == 21 and $$et{Make} eq 'SAMSUNG') {
-                        Set16u(21, $dataPt, $pos);  # really 21 IFD entries!
-                        $et->Warn('Fixed incorrect Makernote entry count', 1);
-                        last;
-                    }
-                    # allow everything to be zero if not first entry
-                    # because some manufacturers pad with null entries
-                    next unless $count or $index == 0;
-                    # patch for Canon EOS 40D firmware 1.0.4 bug: allow zero format for last entry
-                    next if $index==$num-1 and $$et{Model}=~/EOS 40D/;
-                }
-                # patch for Sony cameras like the DSC-P10 that have invalid MakerNote entries
-                next if $num == 12 and $$et{Make} eq 'SONY' and $index >= 8;
-                # (would like to verify tag ID, but some manufactures don't
-                #  sort entries in order of tag ID so we don't have much of
-                #  a handle to verify this field)
-                # verify format
-                next IFD_TRY if $format < 1 or $format > 13;
-                # count must be reasonable (can't test for zero count because
-                # cameras like the 1DmkIII use this value)
-                next IFD_TRY if $count & 0xff000000;
-                # extra tests to avoid mis-identifying Samsung makernotes (GT-I9000, etc)
-                next unless $num == 1;
-                my $valueSize = $count * $Image::ExifTool::Exif::formatSize[$format];
-                if ($valueSize > 4) {
-                    next IFD_TRY if $valueSize > $size;
-                    my $valuePtr = Get32u($dataPt, $entry+8);
-                    next IFD_TRY if $valuePtr > 0x10000;
-                }
-            }
-            $$dirInfo{DirStart} += $offset;    # update directory start
-            $$dirInfo{DirLen} -= $offset;
-            return $offset;   # success!!
-        }
-    }
-    return undef;
-}
-
-#------------------------------------------------------------------------------
-# Fix base offset for Leica maker notes
-# Inputs: 0) ExifTool object ref, 1) dirInfo ref, 2) tag table ref
-# Returns: 1 on success, and updates $dirInfo if necessary for new directory
-sub FixLeicaBase($$;$)
-{
-    my ($et, $dirInfo, $tagTablePtr) = @_;
-    my $dataPt = $$dirInfo{DataPt};
-    my $dirStart = $$dirInfo{DirStart} || 0;
-    # get hash of value block positions
-    my ($valBlock, $valBlkAdj) = GetValueBlocks($dataPt, $dirStart);
-    if (%$valBlock) {
-        # get sorted list of value offsets
-        my @valPtrs = sort { $a <=> $b } keys %$valBlock;
-        my $numEntries = Get16u($dataPt, $dirStart);
-        my $diff = $valPtrs[0] - ($numEntries * 12 + 4);
-        if ($diff > 8) {
-            $$dirInfo{Base} -= 8;
-            $$dirInfo{DataPos} += 8;
-        }
-    }
-    my $success = 1;
-    if ($tagTablePtr) {
-        $success = Image::ExifTool::Exif::ProcessExif($et, $dirInfo, $tagTablePtr);
-    }
-    return $success;
-}
-
-#------------------------------------------------------------------------------
-# Process Canon maker notes
-# Inputs: 0) ExifTool object ref, 1) dirInfo ref, 2) tag table ref
-# Returns: 1 on success
-sub ProcessCanon($$$)
-{
-    my ($et, $dirInfo, $tagTablePtr) = @_;
-    # identify Canon MakerNote footer in HtmlDump
-    # (this code moved from FixBase so it also works for Adobe MakN in DNG images)
-    if ($$et{HTML_DUMP} and $$dirInfo{DirLen} > 8) {
-        my $dataPos = $$dirInfo{DataPos};
-        my $dirStart = $$dirInfo{DirStart} || 0;
-        my $footerPos = $dirStart + $$dirInfo{DirLen} - 8;
-        my $footer = substr(${$$dirInfo{DataPt}}, $footerPos, 8);
-        if ($footer =~ /^(II\x2a\0|MM\0\x2a)/ and substr($footer,0,2) eq GetByteOrder()) {
-            my $oldOffset = Get32u(\$footer, 4);
-            my $newOffset = $dirStart + $dataPos;
-            my $str = sprintf('Original maker note offset: 0x%.4x', $oldOffset);
-            if ($oldOffset != $newOffset) {
-                $str .= sprintf("\nCurrent maker note offset: 0x%.4x", $newOffset);
-            }
-            my $filePos = ($$dirInfo{Base} || 0) + $dataPos + $footerPos;
-            $et->HDump($filePos, 8, '[Canon MakerNotes footer]', $str);
-        }
-    }
-    # process as normal
-    return Image::ExifTool::Exif::ProcessExif($et, $dirInfo, $tagTablePtr);
-}
-
-#------------------------------------------------------------------------------
-# Process GE type 2 maker notes
-# Inputs: 0) ExifTool object ref, 1) DirInfo ref, 2) tag table ref
-# Returns: 1 on success
-sub ProcessGE2($$$)
-{
-    my ($et, $dirInfo, $tagTablePtr) = @_;
-    my $dataPt = $$dirInfo{DataPt} or return 0;
-    my $dirStart = $$dirInfo{DirStart} || 0;
-
-    # these maker notes are missing the IFD entry count, but they
-    # always have 25 entries, so write the entry count manually
-    Set16u(25, $dataPt, $dirStart);
-    return Image::ExifTool::Exif::ProcessExif($et, $dirInfo, $tagTablePtr);
-}
-
-#------------------------------------------------------------------------------
-# Process unknown maker notes or PreviewImage
-# Inputs: 0) ExifTool object ref, 1) dirInfo ref, 2) tag table ref
-# Returns: 1 on success, and updates $dirInfo if necessary for new directory
-sub ProcessUnknownOrPreview($$$)
-{
-    my ($et, $dirInfo, $tagTablePtr) = @_;
-    my $dataPt = $$dirInfo{DataPt};
-    my $dirStart = $$dirInfo{DirStart};
-    my $dirLen = $$dirInfo{DirLen};
-    # check to see if this is a preview image
-    if ($dirLen > 6 and substr($$dataPt, $dirStart, 3) eq "\xff\xd8\xff") {
-        $et->VerboseDir('PreviewImage');
-        if ($$et{HTML_DUMP}) {
-            my $pos = $$dirInfo{DataPos} + $$dirInfo{Base} + $dirStart;
-            $et->HDump($pos, $dirLen, '(MakerNotes:PreviewImage data)', "Size: $dirLen bytes")
-        }
-        $et->FoundTag('PreviewImage', substr($$dataPt, $dirStart, $dirLen));
-        return 1;
-    }
-    return ProcessUnknown($et, $dirInfo, $tagTablePtr);
-}
-
-#------------------------------------------------------------------------------
-# Write unknown maker notes or PreviewImage
-# Inputs: 0) ExifTool object ref, 1) dirInfo ref, 2) tag table ref
-# Returns: directory data, '' to delete, or undef on error
-sub WriteUnknownOrPreview($$$)
-{
-    my ($et, $dirInfo, $tagTablePtr) = @_;
-    my $dataPt = $$dirInfo{DataPt};
-    my $dirStart = $$dirInfo{DirStart};
-    my $dirLen = $$dirInfo{DirLen};
-    my $newVal;
-    # check to see if this is a preview image
-    if ($dirLen > 6 and substr($$dataPt, $dirStart, 3) eq "\xff\xd8\xff") {
-        if ($$et{NEW_VALUE}{$Image::ExifTool::Extra{PreviewImage}}) {
-            # write or delete new preview (if deleted, it can't currently be added back again)
-            $newVal = $et->GetNewValues('PreviewImage') || '';
-            if ($et->Options('Verbose') > 1) {
-                $et->VerboseValue("- MakerNotes:PreviewImage", substr($$dataPt, $dirStart, $dirLen));
-                $et->VerboseValue("+ MakerNotes:PreviewImage", $newVal) if $newVal;
-            }
-            ++$$et{CHANGED};
-        } else {
-            $newVal = substr($$dataPt, $dirStart, $dirLen);
-        }
-    } else {
-        # rewrite MakerNote IFD
-        $newVal = Image::ExifTool::Exif::WriteExif($et, $dirInfo, $tagTablePtr);
-    }
-    return $newVal;
-}
-
-#------------------------------------------------------------------------------
-# Process unknown maker notes assuming it is in EXIF IFD format
-# Inputs: 0) ExifTool object ref, 1) dirInfo ref, 2) tag table ref
-# Returns: 1 on success, and updates $dirInfo if necessary for new directory
-sub ProcessUnknown($$$)
-{
-    my ($et, $dirInfo, $tagTablePtr) = @_;
-    my $success = 0;
-
-    my $loc = LocateIFD($et, $dirInfo);
-    if (defined $loc) {
-        $$et{UnknownByteOrder} = GetByteOrder();
-        if ($et->Options('Verbose') > 1) {
-            my $out = $et->Options('TextOut');
-            my $indent = $$et{INDENT};
-            $indent =~ s/\| $/  /;
-            printf $out "${indent}Found IFD at offset 0x%.4x in maker notes:\n",
-                    $$dirInfo{DirStart} + $$dirInfo{DataPos} + $$dirInfo{Base};
-        }
-        $success = Image::ExifTool::Exif::ProcessExif($et, $dirInfo, $tagTablePtr);
-    } else {
-        $$et{UnknownByteOrder} = ''; # indicates we tried but didn't set byte order
-        $et->Warn("Unrecognized $$dirInfo{DirName}", 1);
-    }
-    return $success;
-}
-
-
-1;  # end
-
-__END__
-
-=head1 NAME
-
-Image::ExifTool::MakerNotes - Read and write EXIF maker notes
-
-=head1 SYNOPSIS
-
-This module is required by Image::ExifTool.
-
-=head1 DESCRIPTION
-
-This module contains definitions required by Image::ExifTool to interpret
-maker notes in EXIF information.
-
-=head1 AUTHOR
-
-Copyright 2003-2013, Phil Harvey (phil at owl.phy.queensu.ca)
-
-This library is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it
-under the same terms as Perl itself.
-
-=head1 SEE ALSO
-
-L<Image::ExifTool::TagNames(3pm)|Image::ExifTool::TagNames>,
-L<Image::ExifTool(3pm)|Image::ExifTool>
-
-=cut